[英语语法入门] 第01讲 语序和五种基本句式
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英语五种基本句型完整总结,考生必备英语中五大基本句型是构成千变万化的句子最基础的知识点,如果通过我的讲解你能够熟练掌握,对于写作和理解英语短文必将起到很大的帮助。
希望考生细细体会,认真记忆,牢固掌握。
1,主语+谓语The sun rises太阳从东方升起。
My computer doesn’t work.我的电脑不运转了。
The visitors will arrive in a few days.来访者几天后就会到达。
Linda speaks fluently.琳达说话很流利。
They have lived there for 10 years.他们在那里住了十年了。
I come to see my grandma.我来看我的祖母。
Susan came crying,but left smiling.苏珊哭着进来,笑着离开。
She turned away disappointed.她失望地走开了。
The moon rose.月亮升起来了。
说明:此类句型中的谓语是不及物动词,其特点是本身意思完整,后面不需要跟宾语,但后面可以跟状语,来说明不及物动词的状况。
也就是说,此句型的特点是即使不加修饰成分,主语和谓语仍然能够构成意思完整的一句话。
根据可以充当状语的不同,此句型又可演变延伸出“主语+谓语(不及物动词)+副词/数词” “主语+谓语(不及物动词)+介词短语' “主语+谓语(不及物动词)+状语从句” “主语+谓语(不及物动词)+动词不定式或分词。
2,主语+系动词+表语They are my classmates.他们是我的同学。
The notebook is hers.这个笔记本是她的。
The fish is still alive.鱼儿还活着。
We must be off now.我们必须走了。
The lawyer appeared calm.这个律师看起来很镇静。
Leaves have turned yellow.树叶变黄了。
五大基本句型基本句型一:S+V(主+谓)The moon rose.基本句型二:S+V+P(主+谓+表)He is a student.基本句型三:S+V+O(主+谓+宾)He likes animals.基本句型四:S+V+O+O(主+谓+间宾+直宾)He gave me a ruler.基本句型五:S+V+O+C(主+谓+宾+宾补)The story made me happy.1.主语+ 谓语这是英语中最简单、基础的句型。
该句型中的动词大多为不及物动词,也就是说,动词后面不可以直接加宾语。
He runs fast. 他跑得很快The sun rises. 太阳升起来了。
2.主语+ 系动词+ 表语系动词就是连接主语和表语的动词,它不能单独存在,必须跟表示主语身份或者状态的1表语构成复合谓语,进而将意思表达完整。
(系动词不表示具体的行为,只是起到连接主语和后面成分的作用)系动词的分类系动词6大类是:状态系动词,感官系动词,表像系动词,终止系动词,持续系动词,变化系动词。
状态系动词:用来表示主语状态的只有be这个词。
He is a teacher.感官系动词:主要有feel、smell、sound和taste。
This flower smells very sweet.表像系动词:表示“外观”的概念主要有seem、appear和look。
终止系动词:表示主语结束了动作,主要有prove,turn out,表示“证实”、“成为”的意思。
The rumor proved false. 这谣言证实有假。
持续系动词:用来表示主语继续或维持情况或态度,主要有keep、remain、stay、lie和stand。
He always keeps silent at meeting.变化系动词:这些动词表示主语是怎样的,变化类动词主要有become、grow、turn、fall、get、go、come、run. His face turned red.3.主语+ 谓语+ 宾语这种句型中谓语动词常常是及物动词,也就是说,动词后可以直接加宾语。
英语语法入门崔荣容第一讲语序和五种基本句式He learns English every day.他每天学习英语。
(中英语序不同)英语五种基本句式一、主+谓二、主+系+表系动词:起到联系作用的动词,连接主语与表语。
表语:描述主语的身份、性质、特征、状态三、主+谓+宾主语:动作发出者谓语:作出的动作宾语:动作的对象四、主+谓+间宾+直宾间宾:通常是人直宾:通常是物五、主+谓+宾+宾补宾补:对宾语的补充说明一、主+谓The universe remains.宇宙长存中英文语序一致二、主+系+表The food is delicious.这个食物很好吃中英文语序一致三、主+谓+宾He took his bag and left.(left是第二个谓语)他拿着他的包离开了中英文语序一致四、主+谓+间宾+直宾Her father bought her a dictionary. buy sb sth(双宾语)她爸爸给她买了一本词典(her与 a dictionary,两个宾语,一个是人、一个是物)中英文语序一致五、主+谓+宾+宾补We made him our monitor.我们选他当班长(him与 our monitor,都是指同一个人,our monitor是对him的补充说明)中英文语序一致Nothing is impossible to a willing heart!有志者事竟成!第二讲 be动词的形式和用法一、be动词的形式:be、am、is、are、was、were、being 、been1、 The man is back.2、 They are back.3、 He was back.4、 They were back.5、 They have been back.6、I’ll be back.上述“back”是副词,构成主系表结构。
二、be动词的用法:起到联系前后的作用(一般翻译为“是”,或无实意而不作翻译),多用于主系表结构。
(完整版)英语简单句的五种基本句型(讲解、练习、打印版)简单句的五种基本句型讲解及习题一、句子成份英语句子成分有主语,谓语,宾语,宾语补足语,表语,定语,状语等。
顺序一般是主语,谓语,宾语,宾语补足语,而表语,定语,状语的位置要根据情况而定。
1、主语:表示句子主要说明的人或事物,一般位于句首。
但在there be结构、疑问句(当主语不疑问词时)和倒装句中,主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。
主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。
例如:Country music has become more and more popular.(名词)We often speak English in class.(代词)One-third of the students in this class are girls.(数词)To swim in the river is a great pleasure.(不定式)Smoking does harm to the health.(动名词)The rich should help the poor.(名词化的形容词)When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.(主语从句)It is necessary to master a foreign language.(it作形式主语,真正的主语为后面的不定式)2、谓语:谓语说明主语的动作,状态或特征。
可以有不同的时态,语态和语气。
1)简单谓语: We study for the people.2)复合谓语:I can speak a little English. We are reading books. He has gone to Beijing..3、表语: 它位于系动词(比如be)之后,说明主语身份,特征,属性或状态。
十一种英语基本句式一、语序和五种基本句式1、基本句式一:主语+谓语(S+V)The universe remains 宇宙长存语序一致2、基本句式二:主语+系动词+表语(S+V+P)The food is delicious 这个食物很好吃语序一致3、基本句式三:主语+谓语+宾语(S+V+D)He took his bag and left 他拿着他的包离开了语序一致4、基本句式四:主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语(S+V+O+D)Her father bought her a dictionary 他的父亲给他买了一本词典语序一致5、基本句式五:主语+谓语+宾语+宾补(S+V+D+C)We made him our monitor 我们选他当班长语序一致二、be动词的形式和用法be: is am are(现在时)、was were(过去时)being(现在进行时)been(过去分词)1、The man is back2、they are back3、he was back4、they were back5、they have been back后面接名词、形容词、地点副词或短语作补足语。
1、The man is a teacher.2、Mary’s new dresses are colorul.3、my mother was in the ckitchen.4、they are teachers.5、he was a thacher before6、he was been a teacher for three years.be 动词的否定/提问/回答。
否定形式:在am,is,are ,was,were后面加not.缩写形式:am not isn't aren’t wasn’t weren’t1、The man isn’t back2、I am not back3、They aren’t back4、He wasn’t back5、They weren’t back使用be动词提问和回答1、-Is he a teacher?-Yes,He is /No,He isn’t2、-Are you a teacher?-Yes, I am /No,I am not3、-Were they teachers?-Yes,they are/No,they weren’t三、代词(1)代词的主格和宾格主格代词:I He She it you we they1、I am a teacher2、He is a teacher宾语代词:me him her it you us them1、He likes me2、We like her3、I like them(2)名词性/形容词性物主代词单数形式:my your his/her/its/ one’s复数形式:our your their1、This is my book.2、We love our mother land.3、Those are yours socks.(3)名词性物主代词单数形式:mine yours his/hers/its复数形式:ours yours theirs1.The book is ours2The appie is hers3.My teacher is chinese(4)反身代词:Myself yourself herself himself itself yourselves ourselves themselves1.Please help yourself (宾语)to some fish.We enjoyed ourselves(宾语) last night.3.The thing itself(同谓语)is not important.4.反身代词一般作宾语和名词的同谓语。
二、简单的五种基本句型:1、S(主)+ Vi(不及物动词)(谓语)——→主动结构例如:Time flies.1)S + V +副词(状语)例如:Birds sing beautifully.2)S + Vi +介词短语(状语)例如:He went on holiday.3)S + Vi +不定式(状语)例如:We stopped to have a rest.4)S + Vi +分词(状语)例如:I'll go swimming.2、S (主)+ Vt(及物动词)(谓语)+ O(宾语)——→主动宾结构例如:We like English.1)S + Vt +名词/代词例如:I like music.2)S + Vt +不定式例如:I want tohelp him.[说明]常用于这句型的动词有:decide, hope, learn,need, promise, want,等。
3)S + Vt +疑问词+不定式例如:I don't knowwhat to do.[说明]常用于这句型的动词有:ask, decide, find out, forget, know等。
4)S + Vt +动名词例如:I enjoyliving here.[说明]常用于这句型的动词有:advise, enjoy, finish, mind, practise等。
5)S + Vt +宾语从句例如:I don't think(that) he is right.[说明]常用于这句型的动词有:hope, know, notice, think, wonder等。
【难点】3、S (主)+ V(谓语)(系动词)+ P(表语)——→主系表结构例如:We areChinese.[说明]Ⅰ.除了be系动词外,还有一些动词也可以用作系动词,①表感官的动词,feel, smell,taste, sound, look, seem等。