五中基本句型
一、主语＋不及物动词（Subject＋Intransitive Verb）
例如：They are running.
剖析：在此句中，谓语动词是不及物动词，不必加宾语就可表达一个完整的、明确无误的意思。
有时为了表示动作发生的频率、原因、结果、目的、场所、时间等，可以带状语修饰动词，但状语不算句子的主要成分。
The students are playing under the tree.
常见的不及物动词有：come, go, listen, wait, climb, move, jump, laugh, sit, stay等。
二、主语＋及物动词＋宾语（Subject＋Transitive Verb＋Object）
例如：We read English every morning.
My sister likes bread.
I finished reading the book.
常见的及物动词有：like, finish, enjoy, want, play, make, help, take, read, tell, teach, do等。
三、主语＋连系动词＋表语（Subject＋Link Verb＋Predicative）
例如：They are English teachers.
The days get longer.
剖析：此类句型的谓语动词是连系动词，它本身有一定的涵义，但不能独立作谓语，它必须和表语一起构成谓语。
表语通常由名词、形容词或相当于名词或形容词的词或短语充当，说明主语是什么或怎么样。
My book is on the desk.
The trees turn green in spring.
常见的连系动词有：be动词, 感官动词feel（感觉）, look（看起来）, 以及表示变化的动词get（变得）, turn（变成）, become（成为）, go（变成）等。
四、主语＋及物动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语（Subject＋Verb ＋Indirect Object ＋Direct Object）
例如：He told me a story yesterday.
Could you pass me the salt?
间接宾语有时也可以改成一个由to或for引起的短语，放在直接宾语之后，即构成“主语＋及物动词＋直接宾语＋介词＋间接宾语”的句式。
Uncle Wang made the farmers many machines.
＝Uncle Wang made many machines for the farmers.
Could you show us your dictionary？
＝Could you show your dictionary to us？
用to还是用for取决于动词，一般常在give, show, pass, send, teach等动词后用介词to，而在buy, sing, make, draw, cook等动词后用介词for。
在此句型中，如果直接宾语为人称代词宾格时，则只能使用“主语＋及物动词＋直接宾语＋介词＋间接宾语”的表达形式。
I’ll show it to my brother.
我将把它给我的弟弟看。
五、主语＋及物动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语（Subject＋Verb＋Object＋Complement）
例如：We will keep the table clean.
They called him James.
在动词宾语后面跟着的是直接宾语还是宾语补足语，可由前面的宾语与其关系来判断：若宾语与其后的部分不存在逻辑上的主谓关系，则该动词后跟的是双宾语；若宾语和其后的部分有逻辑上的主谓关系，则该动词后跟的是复合宾语。
试比较：
Mother will cook us something English this evening.
（us和something不存在主谓关系，此处为双宾语结构）
We call that boy Tom.
（That boy is Tom. 合乎逻辑，即宾语that boy与Tom存在主谓关系，故此处为复合宾语结构）
宾语补足语可以由名词、动词不定式、形容词、副词和介词短语等充当。
在感官动词see, hear, watch, look at, listen to, feel, notice等及使役动词make, let, have等后跟动词不定式作宾语补足语时，该不定式符号to应省去。
We often hear her sing songs in her room.
同步测试
一、判断下列简单句的类型。
1．The woman is singing now.
2．He gave her some apples.
3．All her other friends were now outside the door.
4．People eat fish and chips on the road.
5．I ask them to come tomorrow.
二、翻译句子并写出属于简单句五大基本句型的哪一类。
1．每天八时开始上课。
___________________________________________________________ 2．秋天树叶变黄。
___________________________________________________________
3．他昨天下午3点到的上海。
___________________________________________________________ 4．请把那本字典递给我好吗？
___________________________________________________________ 5．我们不会让她在晚上外出的。
___________________________________________________________
三、划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语。
1．Please tell us a story.
2．My father bought a new bike for me last week.
3．Mr. Li is going to teach us history next term.
4．Here is a pen. Give it to Tom.
5．Did he leave any message for me?
四、判断下列简单句的类型。
1．Lily is cleaning the desk now.
2．Her garden is the best in our town.
3．Liu Ming is thirteen years old.
4．I like this book very much.
5．The girl on the blue bike is Jane’s sister.
6．She didn’t come yesterday.
7．They call me Lily sometimes.
8．Tom runs fast.
9．He bought you a dictionary.
10．Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground?。
