COPD相关英文词汇

关于医学英语学习的单词学习习惯、方式和目标不同，小编今天给大家分享一下英语的医学知识的单词，有关常用词汇的英语单词，大家快点记忆起来吧，多多记忆英语单词总不会是坏事哦1. 医学词汇记忆COPD的主要症状阿司匹林的剂量弥漫性血管内凝血DIC生物瓣膜置换术2. 医学英语口语肝移植Hepatic transplantation肾病综合征 Nephrotic syndrome肝素Heparin系统性红斑狼疮SLE糖尿病酮症酸中毒 Diabetic ketoacidosis流感 Influenza一氧化碳中毒 Carbon monoxide poisoning慢性咳嗽Chronic cough骨髓穿刺活检Bone marrow aspiration and biopsy空气污染 Air pollution肺结核 Tuberculosis慢性咳嗽的病因 Etiology of chronic cough成人听力减退 Hearing Loss in Adults3. 英语学习经验缺血性脑卒中的血压管理肺栓塞法洛四联症TOF心肌炎 Myocarditis急性心肌梗死 Acute myocardial infarction舒缓医疗 Palliative Care2型糖尿病的流行病学 Epidemiology of type 2 diabetes4. 医学英语资料分享血培养 Blood culture白内障Cataract骨质疏松症Osteoporosis疼痛 Pain休克 Shock可穿戴式除颤器 LifeVest消化性溃疡 Peptic ulcers心悸 Palpitations冠状动脉旁路移植术 CABG下肢溃疡 Lower extremity ulcers心衰的利尿治疗 Diuretic treatment in heart failure高血压治疗之生活方式改变 Lifestyle Changes of Hypertension Treatment。

疾病英语词汇表疾病英语词汇表1. IntroductionIn today's globalized world, effective communication is essential, especially in the medical field. With the increasing prevalence of international travel and the need for accurate medical information exchange, having a good understanding of disease-related vocabulary in English is crucial. In this article, we present a comprehensive disease English vocabulary list to help healthcare professionals and English learners improve their medical communication skills.2. Common Symptoms- Fever: an abnormally high body temperature- Cough: a sudden, forceful expulsion of air from the lungs- Fatigue: a feeling of weariness or tiredness- Headache: a continuous pain in the head- Nausea: a feeling of sickness with an inclination to vomit- Dizziness: a sensation of spinning or lightheadedness- Rash: a change in the appearance of the skin3. Respiratory Diseases- Asthma: a chronic lung disease causing difficulty in breathing- Pneumonia: an infection that inflames the air sacs in one or both lungs- Tuberculosis (TB): a bacterial infection that primarily affects the lungs- Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): a progressive lung disease that obstructs airflow4. Cardiovascular Diseases- Hypertension: high blood pressure- Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): a narrowing or blockage of coronary arteries- Myocardial Infarction (MI): commonly known as a heart attack- Arrhythmia: an irregular heartbeat rhythm- Congestive Heart Failure (CHF): a chronic condition where the heart fails to pump blood effectively5. Gastrointestinal Diseases- Gastritis: inflammation of the lining of the stomach- Gastroenteritis: inflammation of the stomach and intestines, often caused by a viral or bacterial infection- Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD): sores that develop in the lining of the stomach or the first part of the small intestine- Hepatitis: inflammation of the liver, usually caused by a viral infection- Crohn's Disease: chronic inflammation of the digestive tract6. Neurological Disorders- Alzheimer's Disease: a progressive brain disorder that affects memory, thinking, and behavior- Parkinson's Disease: a degenerative disorder that affects movement and balance- Epilepsy: a neurological disorder characterized by recurring seizures- Multiple Sclerosis (MS): an autoimmune disease that affects the central nervous system7. Infectious Diseases- Influenza: a contagious viral infection causing respiratory illness- Malaria: a mosquito-borne infectious disease causing fever and chills- Dengue Fever: a mosquito-borne viral infection causing severe flu-like symptoms- Ebola: a severe and often fatal viral disease- HIV/AIDS: a virus that attacks the immune system, leading to acquired immune deficiency syndrome8. ConclusionThis disease English vocabulary list provides a foundation for understanding and discussing various medical conditions in English. By familiarizing oneself with these terms, healthcare professionals can improve patient communication, facilitate accurate diagnosis, and enhance their overall communication skills in an international setting. English learners can also use this vocabulary list to expand their medical knowledge and improve their language proficiency. Remember, effective communication is key to providing quality healthcare, regardless of language barriers.。

呼吸科英语A：Bronchial asthma ['æsmə, 'æz-]支气管哮喘acidosis 酸中毒Allergen,allergic reaction 变异原，变态反应blood gas analysis 血气分析Anaemia 贫血Alveolar 肺泡的antibiotic 抗生素Atelectasis 肺不张Lung abscess 肺脓肿Athrosclerotic heart disease 动脉粥样硬化性心脏病Beta2-agonist B2受体激动剂Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis 曲霉菌ARDS acute respiratory distress syndrome ['respərətəri, ri'spaiə-]急性呼吸窘迫综合征Percussion and auscultation 叩／听诊Pulmonary arterial stenosis ['pʌlmənəri, 'pul-] [ɑ:'tiəriəl][sti'nəusis]肺动脉狭窄Adrenal glucocorticoid 肾上腺糖皮质激素BBiopsy 活检Bronchiectasis 支气管扩张Fiber optic bronchoscopic biopsy 纤支镜活检BAL bronchoalveolar lavage 支气管肺泡灌洗Bronchitis,bronchiolitis 支气管炎，细支气管炎Boop：bronchiolitis obliterans with organizing pneunomia闭塞性细支气管炎伴机化性肺炎Bronchoscopy 支气管镜检查CCAHD coronary arteriosclerotic heart disease 冠心病CPR cardiopulmonary resuscitation 心肺复苏CDILD chronic diffuse interstitial lung disease 慢性间质性肺病COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 慢阻肺Clubbed finger 杵状指dry cough 干咳Cyanosis 紫绀Nonproductive cough 干咳Complication 并发症DDyspnea [disp'ni:ə] 呼吸困难Differential diagnosis 鉴别诊断Discharge diagnosis 出院诊断EEmphysema [,emfi'si:mə]肺气肿pulmonary embolism ['embəlizəm] 肺栓塞Acid base equolibrium 酸碱平衡etiology 病因学Emphysematous 肺大泡Expectoration 吐痰Exacerbation 加重Endogenous内生的Exogenous 外生的FInterstitial pulmonary fibrosis 间质性肺纤维化GGM+ Gram stain positiveGm- Gram stain negativeHHypersensitivity pneumonia 过敏性肺炎Hemoglobin 血红蛋白Hemoptysis 咯血Hemorrhage 出血HRCT high –resolution computerized tomography 高分辨CT Histology 组织学Hypoxia 缺氧IIdiopathic interstitial pneumonia 特发间质性肺炎Intratracheal 气管内的Intravenous 静脉内的NNoninvasive ventilation 无创机械通气OOSAS obstructive sleep apnea syndrome 阻塞性呼吸暂停综合征PPulmonary second sound 肺动脉瓣第二心音Pneumonia [nju:'məunjə]肺炎Pneumothorax [,nju:mə'θɔ:ræks]气胸PTE pulmonary thromboembolism 肺动脉血栓栓塞症Ventilation/perfusion ratio 通气血流比Pleura 胸腔积液Primary bronchogenic carcinoma 原发性支气管源性肺癌Provocation test 激发试验Parenchymal 实质的（interstitial的）Pulmonary edema肺水肿Lobar pneumonia 大叶性肺炎Lobular pneumonia 小叶性肺炎RMoist rales 湿罗音Dry rales 干罗音SSaO2 saturation in arterial blood 动脉血氧饱和度Short of breath 气短Syncope 晕厥Sarcoidosis 结节病Segment 段TTuberculosis 结核病Tachypnea 气促Thrombosis 血栓TBLB transbronchial lung biosy 经支气管肺活检Thoracoscopy 胸腔镜检查UUpper respiratory tract infection 上呼吸道感染WWheeze 哮鸣音其他facilitating sputum expectoration 排痰release of bronchial spasm 解痉细菌steptococcus pneumoiae 肺炎链球菌staphylococcus 葡萄球菌legionella 军团菌mycoplasma 支原体chlamydia 衣原体pneumococcus 肺炎球菌。

Acute upper respiratory tract infection急性上呼吸道感染Influenza 流行性感冒Acute tracheobronchitis 急性气管-支气管炎Pneumonia 肺炎Community acquired pneumonia, CAP 社区获得性肺炎Hospital acquired pneumonia,, HAP 医院获得性肺炎Lung abscess 肺脓肿Bronchiectasis 支气管扩张症Pulmonary tuberculosis 肺结核Chronic bronchitis 慢性支气管炎Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, COPD慢性阻塞性肺病Bronchial asthma 支气管哮喘Airway hyperresponsiveness 气道高反应性Bronchial provocation test 支气管激发试验Pulmonary thromboembolism 肺血栓栓塞症Cor pulmonale 肺心病Interstitial lung disease, ILD 间质性肺疾病Sarcoidisis 结节病Pleural effusions 胸水Pneumothorax 气胸Primary bronchigenic carcinoma 肺癌Sleep spnea hypopnea syndrome 睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征Respiratory failure 呼吸衰竭Acute respiratory distress syndrome ,ARDS 急性呼吸窘迫综合征Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome ，MODS 多器官功能障碍综合征Heart failure 心力衰竭Atrial premature beats 房性期前收缩Atrial tachycardia 房性心动过速Atrial flutter 心房扑动Atrial fibrillation 心房颤动Primary hypertension 高血压Atherosclerosis 动脉粥样硬化Coronary atherosclerotic heart disease 冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病Coronary heart disease 冠状动脉性心脏病Stable angina pectoris 稳定型心绞痛/稳定型劳力性心绞痛Unstable angina ，UA 不稳定型心绞痛Myocardial infarction 心肌梗死Remodeling 心室重塑Valvular heart disease 心脏瓣膜病Mitral stenosis 二尖瓣狭窄Mitral incompetence 二尖瓣关闭不全Aortic stenosis 主动脉瓣狭窄Dilated cardiomyopathy ,DCM 扩张型心肌病Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy ，HCM 肥厚型心肌病Restrictive cardiomyopathy RCM 限制型心肌病Myocarditis 心肌炎Acute pericarditis 急性心包炎Aortic dissection 主动脉夹层Peripheral arterial disease .PAD 周围动脉病Cardopvascular neurosis 心血管神经症gastroesophageal reflux disease, GERD 胃食管返流性疾病carcinoma of the esophagus 食管癌acute gastritis 急性胃炎chronic gastritis 慢性胃炎peptic ulcer 消化性溃疡gastric carcinoma 胃癌intestinal tubervulosis 肠结核tuberculous peritonitis 结核性腹膜炎inflammatory vowel disease ,IBD 炎症性肠病ulcerative colitis, UC 溃疡性结肠炎Crohn’s disease， CD 克罗恩病Colorectal carcinoma 大肠癌Functional gastrointestinal disorder 功能性胃肠病Functional dyspepsia，FD，功能性消化不良Irritable bowel syndrome ，IBS 肠易激综合征Chronic diarrhea ，慢性腹泻Fatty liver disease 脂肪性肝病Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease ，NAFLD 非酒精性脂肪性肝病Alcoholic fatty liver disease ，酒精性脂肪性肝病Autoimmume hepatitis ，AIH 自身免疫性肝病Primary biliary cirrhosis ，PBC 原发性胆汁性肝硬化Primary sclerosing cholangitis ，PSC 原发性硬化性胆管炎Hepatic cirrhosis 肝硬化Portal hypertension 门静脉高压Hepatorenal syndrome , HRS，肝肾综合征Hepatopulmonary syndrome ，HPS 肝肺综合征Primary carcinoma of the liver 原发性肝癌Alpha fetoprotein ，AFP 甲胎蛋白Hepatic encephalopathy ，HE 肝性脑病Acute pancreatitis 急性胰腺炎Mild Acute pancreatitis, MAP 轻症胰腺炎Severe Acute pancreatitis ,SAP 重症胰腺炎Chronic pancreatitis , CP 慢性胰腺炎Carcinoma of pancreas 胰腺癌Upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage 上消化道出血Lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage 消化道出血Glonerular basement membrane ,GBM 肾小球基底膜Acute glomerulonephritis 急性肾小球肾炎Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis 急进性肾小球肾炎Chronic glomerulonephritis 慢性肾小球肾炎Asymptomatic hematuria and/or proteinuria 无症状性血尿/蛋白尿（隐匿型肾小球肾炎）Nephrotic syndrime，NS 肾病综合征Evidence-based ,medicine, EBM 循证医学Acute intersititial nephritis ，AIN 急性间质性肾炎Chronic interstitial nephritis ，CIN 慢性间质性肾炎Urinary tract infection ，UTI 尿路感染Renal tubular acedosis ，RTA 肾小管酸中毒Renal artery stenosis 肾动脉狭窄Renal artery embolism 肾动脉栓塞Renal artery thrombosis 肾动脉血栓Hypertensive nephrosclerosis 高血压肾硬化症Benign arteriolar nephrosclerosis 良性小动脉性肾应硬化症Malignant arteriolar nephrosclerosis 恶性小动脉性肾硬化症Renal vein thromboosis ，RVT 深静脉血栓形成Acute renal failure ，ARF 急性肾衰竭Chronic ranal failure ，慢性肾衰竭Stem cell 干细胞Totipotent 全能Anemia 贫血Aplastic anemia ，AA 再生障碍性贫血Pure red cell anemia ,PRCA 纯红细胞障碍性贫血Congenitial dyserythropoietic anemia ，CDA 先天性红细胞生成异常性贫血Iron depletion ,，ID 铁耗尽Iron deficient anemia ，IDA 缺铁性贫血Megaloblastic anemia ，MA 巨幼红细胞贫血Hemolytic anemia ，HA 溶血性贫血Hereditary spherocytosis ，遗传性球形细胞增多症Autoimmune hernolytic anemia ，AIHA 自身免疫性溶血性贫血Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria ，PNH 阵发性睡眠性血红蛋白尿Leukopenia 白细胞减少Myelodysplastic syndromes ，MDS 骨髓增生异常综合征Refractory anemia ，RA 难治性贫血Leukemia 白血病Chronic leukemia ，CL 慢性白血病Chronic myeloid leukemia ，CML 慢性髓细胞白血病Chronic lymphoblastic leukemia ， CLL 慢性淋巴细胞白血病Hairy cell leukemia , HCL 毛细胞白血病Prolymphodcyte leukemia ， PLL 幼淋巴细胞白血病Acute myeloid leukemia ， AML 急性髓细胞白血病/急性粒细胞白血病M0 :minimally differentiatedAML 急性髓细胞白血病微分化型M1 ：AML without maturation 急性粒细胞白血病未分化型M2 AMLwith maturation 急性粒细胞白血病部分分化型M3 acute puomyelocytic leukemia ，APL 急性早幼粒细胞白血病M4 acute myelomonocytic leukemia ，AMML 急性粒-单核细胞白血病M4Eo AML with monocytic leukemia ， AM o L 急性单核细胞白血病M5 :acute monocytic leukemia ，AMoL 急性单核细胞白血病M6 Erythroleukemia ，EL 红白细胞白血病M7 acute megakaryokaruoblastic leukemia ，AMeL 急性巨核细胞白血病Lymphoma 淋巴瘤Hodgkin lymphoma ， HL 霍奇金淋巴瘤Non-hodgkin lymphoma ，NHL 非霍奇金淋巴瘤Multiple myeloma ，MM 多发性骨髓瘤Myeloproliferative disease ，MPD 骨髓增生性疾病Polycythemia vera ， PV 真性红细胞增多症Primary thrombocythemia ，原发性血小板增多症Primary myelofibrosis ，原发性骨髓纤维化症Hypersplenism 脾功能亢进症Purpura 紫癜Vascular purpura 血管性紫癜Thrombocytic purpura 血小板性紫癜Allergic purpura / schonlein-henochsyndrome 过敏性紫癜Idiopathic thrombocytopenec purpura ，ITP 特发性血小板减少性紫癜Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura ，TTP 血栓性血小板减少性紫癜Hemophilia 血友病Von willebrand disease ，vWD 血管性血友病Disseminated intravascular coagulation ，DIC 弥散性血管内凝血Thrombosis 血栓形成Hematopoietic stem cell transpantation ， HSCT 造血干细胞移植Gigantism 巨人症Acromegaly 肢端肥大症Growth hormone deficiency dwafism ，GHD 生长激素缺乏性侏儒症Diabetes insipidus ，DI 尿崩症Argenine vasopressin ，AVP 精氨酸加压素/antidiyretichormone ，ADH 抗利尿激素Syndrome of inappropriate antidiretichormone secretion ，SIADH 抗利尿激素分泌失调综合征Goiter 甲状腺肿Iodine deficiency disorders ，IDD 碘缺乏病Simple goiter 单纯性甲状腺肿Endemic goiter 地方性甲状腺肿Thyrotoxicosis 甲状腺毒症Hypertyyroidism 甲状腺功能亢进症Destructive thyrotixicosis 破坏性甲状腺毒症Hypothroidism 甲状腺功能减退症Primary hypothyroidism 原发性甲减Rertiary hypothyroidism 三发性甲减Central hypothyroidism 中枢性甲减Subacute thyroiditis 亚急性甲状腺炎Autoimmune thyroiditis ，AIT 自身免疫性甲状腺炎Thyroid nodule 甲状腺结节Thyroid cancer 甲状腺癌Cushing's syndrome 库欣综合征Primary aldosteronism 原发性醛固酮增多症Chronic adrenocortical hypofunction /Addison disease 原发性慢性肾上腺皮质功能减退症Pheochromocytoma 嗜铬细胞瘤Hyperparathyroidism 原发性甲状旁腺功能亢进Hypoparathyroidism 甲状旁腺功能减退症Miltiple endocrine neoplasia ，MEN 多发性内分泌腺瘤病Diabetes mellitus 糖尿病、Hypoglycemia 低血糖症Dyslipidemia 血脂异常Obesity 肥胖症Hyperuricemia 高尿酸血症Gout 痛风Osteoporosis ，OP 骨质疏松症Rheumatic diseases 风湿性疾病Rheimatoed arthritis ，RA 类风湿性关节炎Systemic lupus erythematosus ，SLE 系统红斑性狼疮Lupus nephristis ，LN 狼疮肾炎Seronegative spondyloarthropathies 血清阴性脊柱关节病Ankylosing spondylitis ，AS 强直性脊柱炎Reactive arthritis ，ReA 反应性关节炎 / Reiter syndrome ，RS Sjogren syndrome ，SS 干燥综合征Vasculitides 血管炎病Takayasu arteritis ， TA 大动脉炎Giant cell arteritis ，GCA 巨细胞动脉炎Polyarteritis nodosa ，PAN 结节性动脉炎Idiopathic inflammatory myositis ，IIM 特发性炎症性肌病Systemic sclerosis ，SSc 系统性硬化性病Osteoarthritis ， OA 骨关节炎Fibromyalgia syndrome ， FS 纤维肌痛综合征。

医学英语分类词汇—常见疾病名称The field of medicine is vast and complex, encompassing a wide range of specialties and disciplines. One of the most fundamental aspects of medical terminology is the classification of common diseases and their associated symptoms. Understanding this vocabulary is crucial for healthcare professionals, students, and even patients, as it facilitates clear communication, accurate diagnosis, and effective treatment.In the realm of medical English, the vocabulary related to common diseases can be divided into several broad categories. These categories encompass a diverse array of conditions, ranging from infectious diseases to chronic illnesses, and from mental health disorders to genetic disorders.Infectious Diseases:Infectious diseases are caused by pathogenic microorganisms, such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites, and can be transmitted from one individual to another. Some of the most prevalent infectious diseases include influenza (the flu), COVID-19, pneumonia,tuberculosis, HIV/AIDS, and hepatitis. These conditions often present with symptoms such as fever, cough, fatigue, and in some cases, more severe complications.Chronic Diseases:Chronic diseases are long-term, non-communicable conditions that often require ongoing management and treatment. Examples of common chronic diseases include heart disease, stroke, cancer, diabetes, and chronic respiratory diseases like asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). These conditions typically involve a gradual onset, persistent symptoms, and the potential for complications if not properly managed.Mental Health Disorders:Mental health disorders encompass a wide range of conditions that affect an individual's emotional, psychological, and behavioral well-being. Some of the most prevalent mental health disorders include depression, anxiety disorders, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Symptoms can vary greatly, ranging from mood disturbances and cognitive impairments to changes in behavior and social functioning.Genetic Disorders:Genetic disorders are conditions caused by abnormalities in an individual's genetic makeup. These can be inherited or arise fromnew genetic mutations. Examples of common genetic disorders include cystic fibrosis, sickle cell disease, Down syndrome, and Huntington's disease. Symptoms and severity can vary widely depending on the specific genetic mutation and the affected body systems.Musculoskeletal Disorders:Musculoskeletal disorders are conditions that affect the bones, muscles, joints, tendons, and ligaments. These can include injuries, such as sprains and fractures, as well as chronic conditions like arthritis, osteoporosis, and back pain. Symptoms often include pain, stiffness, swelling, and reduced mobility.Neurological Disorders:Neurological disorders are conditions that affect the nervous system, which includes the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves. Examples of common neurological disorders include Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, and stroke. Symptoms can range from cognitive impairments and movement disorders to sensory disturbances and paralysis.Gastrointestinal Disorders:Gastrointestinal disorders are conditions that affect the digestive system, including the esophagus, stomach, intestines, liver, and pancreas. These can include conditions such as gastroenteritis,irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, and liver cirrhosis. Symptoms often involve abdominal pain, diarrhea, constipation, nausea, and changes in bowel habits.Skin Disorders:Skin disorders are conditions that affect the skin, hair, and nails. These can include infectious conditions like acne, eczema, and psoriasis, as well as more serious conditions like skin cancer. Symptoms may include rashes, lesions, discoloration, and changes in the appearance or texture of the skin.Respiratory Disorders:Respiratory disorders are conditions that affect the lungs and the airways. These can include infectious conditions like influenza and pneumonia, as well as chronic conditions like asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and lung cancer. Symptoms often involve coughing, wheezing, shortness of breath, and chest pain.Cardiovascular Disorders:Cardiovascular disorders are conditions that affect the heart and the blood vessels. These can include conditions like hypertension (high blood pressure), coronary artery disease, heart failure, and stroke. Symptoms may include chest pain, shortness of breath, irregular heartbeat, and fatigue.In conclusion, the medical English vocabulary related to common diseases is a vast and complex field, encompassing a wide range of conditions and their associated symptoms. By understanding the classification and terminology of these diseases, healthcare professionals, students, and patients can improve communication, facilitate accurate diagnosis, and ensure effective treatment strategies. Mastering this vocabulary is a crucial step in the pursuit of better health outcomes and the advancement of medical knowledge.。

急性上呼吸道感染 acute upper respiratory tract infection普通感冒 common cold慢性支气管炎 chronic bronchitis慢性阻塞性肺病 chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ,COPD 阻塞性肺气肿 obstructive pulmonary emphysema肺源性心脏病 cor pulmonale慢性肺源性心脏病 chronic pulmonary heart disease过敏性肉芽肿病 allergic granulmatosis急性肺源性心脏病 acute cor pulmonale肺动脉栓塞 pulmonary embolism支气管哮喘 bronchial asthma支气管扩张 bronchiectasiskartagener 综合征呼吸衰竭 respiratory failure急性呼吸窘迫综合征 acute respiratory distress syndrome,ARDS急性肺损伤 acute lung injury,ALI肺炎 pneumonia肺炎球菌肺炎 pneumococcal pneumonia葡萄球菌肺炎 staphylococcus pneumonia克雷白杆菌肺炎 klebsiella pneumonia军团菌病 legionaires disease厌氧菌 anaerobe肺炎支原体肺炎 mycoplasmal pneumonia肺炎支原体 mycoplasma pneumoniae肺念珠菌病 candidiasis肺曲菌病 pulmonary aspergillosis肺脓肿 lung abscess肺结核 pulmonary tuberculosis间质性肺疾病 interstitial lung disease ,ILD特发性肺纤维化 idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis,IPF肺泡蛋白质沉积症 pulmonary alveolar proteinosis,PAP Goodpasture综合征肺出血-肾炎综合征特发性含铁血黄素沉着症 idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis外源性变应性肺泡炎 extrinsic allergic alveolitis矽肺 silicosis结节病 sarcoidosis冻疮样狼疮 lupus pernio （frostbite 冻伤）原发性支气管肺癌 primary bronchogenic carcinoma,lung cancer 副癌综合征 paraneoplastic syndrome上沟癌 pancoast 癌肥大性肺性骨关节病 hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy 抗利尿激素分泌失调综合征 syndrome of inappropriate antiduretic hormone secretion,SIADHS胸腔积液 pleural effusion气胸 pneumothorax心力衰竭 heart failure充血性心力衰竭 congestive heart failure心功能障碍 cardiac dysfunction心律失常 cardiac arrhythmia触发活动 triggered activity后除极 afterdepolarization心室晚电位 late ventricular potential窦房结恢复时间 sinus node recovery time,SNRT 窦房传导时间 sinoatrial conduction time,SACT 窦性心动过速 sinus tachycardia窦性心动过缓 sinus bradycardia窦性停搏 sinus pause or sinus arrest窦房传导阻滞 sinoatrial block病态窦房结综合征 sick sinus syndrome心动过缓-心动过速综合征 bradycardia-tachycardia syndrome固有心率 intrinsic heart rate房性期前收缩 atrial premature beats房性心动过速 atrial tachycardia自律性房性心动过速 automatic atrial tachycardia折返性房性心动过速 reentrant atrial tachycardia紊乱性房性心动过速 chaotic atrial tachycardia阵发性房性心动过速 paroxysmal atrial tachycardia房颤 atrial fibrillation房室交界性期前收缩 premature atrioventricular junctional beats 房室交界性逸搏 AV junctional escape beats房室交界区心律 AV junctional rhythm非阵发性房室交界区性心动过速 nonparoxysmal atrioventricular junctional tachycardia阵发性室上性心动过速 paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia,PSVT 房室结折返性心动过速 atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia 房室折返性心动过速 atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia 预激综合征 preexcitation syndrome室性期前收缩 premature ventricular beats室性并行心律 ventricular parasystole室性心动过速 ventricular tachycardia加速性室自主心律 accelerated idioventricular rhythm尖端扭转 torsades de pointes心室扑动 ventricular flutter心室颤动 ventricular fibrillation房室传导阻滞 atrioventricular blockLyme病室内传导阻滞 intraventricular block右束支阻滞 right bundle branch block左束支阻滞 left bundle branch block 左前分支阻滞 left anterior fascicular block 左后分支阻滞 left posterior fascicular block 双分支阻滞 bifascicular block三分支阻滞 trifascicular block致心律失常型右室心肌病 arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy 心脏性猝死 sudden cardiac death心脏骤停 cardiac arrest无脉搏性电活动 pulseless electrical activity,PEA 捶击复律 thumpversion咳嗽复律 cough version埋藏式心脏复律除颤器 implantable cardioverter defibrillator,ICD 人工心脏起搏 artificial cardiac pacing起搏器pacemaker多部位心脏起搏 multisite cardiac pacing 双心房起搏 biatrial pacing双心室起搏 biventricular pacing 双灶起搏 bifocal pacing心脏电复律 cardioversion心脏电除颤 defibrillation经皮穿刺腔内冠状动脉成形术 percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty PTCA经皮穿刺冠状动脉内支架安置术 percutaneous intracoronary stent implantation经皮穿刺球囊肺动脉瓣成形术 percutaneous balloon pulmonic valvuloplasty,PBPV经皮穿刺球囊二尖瓣成形术 percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty,PBMV心导管消融 catheter ablation 先天性心血管病 congenital cardiovascular disease单纯肺动脉口狭窄 isolated pulmonic stenosis 主动脉口狭窄 aortic stenosis主动脉缩窄 coarctation of the aorta单纯肺动脉扩张 idiopathic dilatation of the pulmonary artery原发性肺动脉高压 primary pulmonary hypertension双侧上腔静脉 persistent left superior vena cava右位心 isolated dextrocardia心房间隔缺损 atrial septal defect部分性肺静脉畸形引流 partial anomalous pulmonary venous drainage心室间隔缺损 ventricular septal defect动脉导管未闭 patent ductus arteriosus主动脉窦动脉瘤破裂入右心 rupture of aortic sinus aneurysm into right heart主肺动脉间隔缺损 aortico-pulmonary septal defect冠状动静脉瘘 coronary arterio-venous fistula法洛四联症 tetralogy of Fallot法洛三联症 trilogy of Fallot完全性大血管错位 complete transpositon of the great vessels 完全性肺静脉畸形引流 total anomalous pulmonary venous drainage 艾森门格综合征Eisenmenger’s syndrome三尖瓣下移畸形Ebstein’s anomaly动脉干永存 persistent truncus arteriosus肺动静脉瘘 pulmonary arteriovenous fistula高血压 hypertention原发性高血压 primary hypertension继发性高血压 secondary hypertension胰岛素抵抗 insulin resistance动态血压监测 ambulatory blood pressure monitoring,ABPM 白大衣性高血压 white coat hypertension单纯收缩期高血压 isolated systolic hypertension利尿剂 diureticβ受体阻滞剂 beta blocker钙通道阻滞剂 calcium channel blocker,CCB血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂 ACE inhibitors血管紧张素II受体阻滞剂 angiotensin II receptor blockerα受体阻滞剂 alpha blocker动脉粥样硬化 atherosclerosis小动脉硬化 arteriolosclerosis动脉中层钙化 monckeberg arteriosclerosis高密度脂蛋白 high density lipoprotein低密度脂蛋白 low density lipoprotein极低密度脂蛋白 very low density lipoprotein,VLDL载脂蛋白A apoprotein A血栓素A2 thromboxane A2,TXA2血小板源生长因子 platelet derived growth factor,PDGF成纤维细胞生长因子 fibroblast growth factor,FGF不饱和脂酸 unsaturated fatty acid冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病 coronary atherosclerotic heart disease 冠状动脉性心脏病 coronary heart disease缺血性心脏病 ischemic heart disease心绞痛 angina pectoris稳定型心绞痛 stable angina pectoris初发型心绞痛 initial onset angina pectoris恶化型心绞痛 progressive angina pectoris卧位型心绞痛 angina decubitus变异型心绞痛 Prinzmetal angina, variant angina pectoris 急性冠状动脉功能不全 acute coronary insufficiency梗死后心绞痛 postinfarction angina pectoris心肌梗死 myocardial infarction乳头肌功能失调或断裂 dysfunction or rupture of papillary muscle 心脏破裂 rupture of heart栓塞 embolism心室壁瘤 cardiac aneurysm心肌梗死后综合征 postinfarction syndrome重组组织型纤维蛋白溶酶原激活剂 recombinant tissuetype plasminogen activator,rt-PA无症状型冠心病 latent coronary heart disease缺血性心肌病 ischemic cardiomyopathy猝死 sudden death心脏瓣膜病 valvular heart disease风湿性心脏病 rheumatic heart disease二尖瓣狭窄 mitral stenosis二尖瓣关闭不全 mitral incompetence主动脉狭窄 aortic stenosis血管减压反应 vasodepressor response细迟脉 pulsus tardus血管发育不良 angiodysplasia主动脉关闭不全 aortic incompetence三尖瓣狭窄 tricuspid stenosis三尖瓣关闭不全 tricuspid incompetence肺动脉瓣狭窄 pulmonary stenosis肺动脉瓣关闭不全 pulmonary incompetence多瓣膜病 multivalvular heart disease感染性心内膜炎 infective endocarditis自体瓣膜心内膜炎 native valve endocarditisRoth 斑Olsler结节Janeway损害最小抑菌浓度 minimum inhibitory concentration,MIC人工瓣膜心内膜炎 prothetic valve endocarditis静脉药瘾心内膜炎 endocarditis in intravenous drug abusers特异性心肌疾病 specific heart muscle disease 特异性心肌病 specific cardiomyopathy扩张型心肌病 dilated cardiomyopathy,DCM肥厚型心肌病 hypertrophic cardiomyopathy,HCM特发性肥厚型主动脉瓣下狭窄 idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis,IHSS非对称性心室间隔肥厚 asymmetric septal hypertrophy,ASH限制型心肌病 restrictive cardiomyopathy,RCM致心律失常型右室心肌病 arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy,ARVC未分类心肌病 unclassified cardiomyopathies,UCM 酒精性心肌病 alcoholic cardiomyopathy围生期心肌病 peripartal cardiomyopathy药物性心肌病 drug-induced cardiomyopathy克山病 Keshan disease,KD地方性心肌病 endemic cardiomyopathy,ECD心肌炎 myocarditis梅毒性心血管病 syphlitic cardiovascular disease间歇性跛行 intermittent claudication雷诺综合征 Raynaud syndrome血栓性静脉炎 thrombophlebitis蓝色炎性疼痛症 phlegmasia cerulean dolens白色炎性疼痛症 phlegmasia alba dolens心血管神经症 cardiovascular neurosisCullen 征胃食管反流病 gastroesophageal reflux disease,GERD食管下括约肌 lower esophageal sphincter,LES一过性LES松弛 transit lower esophageal sphincter relaxation,TLESR Barret 食管H2受体拮抗剂 H2 receptor antagonist,H2RA质子泵抑制剂 proton pump inhibitor,PPI食管癌 carcinoma of esophagus胃炎 gastritis急性胃炎 acute gastritis急性糜烂出血性胃炎 acute erosive and hemorrhagic gastritis 急性蜂窝织炎 acute phlegmonous gastritis非甾体抗炎药 non-steroid anti-inflammatory drug,NSAID curling溃疡cushing溃疡慢性胃炎 chronic gastritis肠腺化生 intestinal metaplasia不典型增生 dysplasia肥厚性高酸分泌性胃病 hypertrophic hypersecretory gastropathy急性腐蚀性胃炎 acute corrosive gastritis消化性溃疡 peptic ulcer胃溃疡 gastric ulcer GU十二指肠溃疡 duodenal ulcer DU胃癌 gastric cancer胃腺癌 gastric adenocarcinoma皮革状胃 linitis plastica结节性架板样肿块 blumer shelf肠结核 intestinal tuberculosis跳跃征象 Stierlin sign炎症性肠病 inflammatory bowel disease IBD溃疡性结肠炎 ulcerative colitis直肠癌 carcinoma of the colon and rectum 癌胚抗原 carcino-embryonic antigen CEA功能性胃肠病 functional gastrointestinal disorders功能性消化不良 functional dyspepsia FD肠易激综合征 irritable bowel syndrome,IBS慢性腹泻 chronic diarrhea溶质差 solute gap弗-莫综合征主要组织相容性复合体 major histocompatibility complex,MHC凋亡 apoptosis痕迹细胞 pit cell酒精性肝病 alcoholic liver disease自身免疫性肝炎 autoimmune hepatitis AIH抗肝肾微粒体抗体 liver-kidney microsomal antibodies LKMI抗可溶性肝细胞抗体 antibodies to soluble liver antigen,anti-SLA抗肝胰抗体 anti liver-pancreas肝硬化 cirrhosis of liver经颈静脉肝内门体分流术 trans-jugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt,TIPS原发性胆汁性肝硬化 primary biliary cirrhosis原发性肝癌 primary carcinoma of the liver 肝性脑病 hepatic encephalopathy HE肝性昏迷 hepatic coma门体分流性脑病 porto-systemic encephalopathy,PSE 亚临床或隐性肝性脑病 subclinical or latent HE扑翼样震颤 flapping tremor ,asterixis急性胰腺炎 acute pancreatitis慢性胰腺炎 chronic pancreatitis胰腺癌 carcinoma of the pancreas 结核性腹膜炎 tuberculous peritonitis上消化道出血 upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage食管贲门黏膜撕裂综合征 Mallory-Weiss 综合征胃黏膜下恒径动脉破裂 Dieulafoy病血管加压素 vasopressin生长抑素 somatostatin近球旁器 juxtaglomerular apparatus红细胞生成激素 erythropoietin EPO急性肾小球肾炎 acute glomerulonephritis急进性肾小球肾炎 rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis慢性肾小球肾炎 chronic glomerulonephritis隐匿型肾小球肾炎 latent glomerulonephritis肾病综合征 nephrotic syndrome轻微病变性肾小球肾炎 minimal change glomerulonephritis局灶节段性病变 focal segmental lesions弥漫性肾小球肾炎 diffuse glomerulonephritis膜性肾病 membranous nephropathy增生性肾炎 proliferative glomerulonephritis 系膜增生性肾小球肾炎 mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis 毛细血管内增生性肾小球肾炎 endocapillary proliferative glomerulonephritis系膜毛细血管性肾小球肾炎 mesangial capillary glomerulonephritis 致密沉积物性肾小球肾炎 dense deposit glomerulonephritis新月体性肾小球肾炎 crescentic glomerulonephritis硬化性肾小球肾炎 sclerosing glomerulonephritis未分类的肾小球肾炎 unclassified glomerulonephritisTamm-Horsfall 蛋白肺出血-肾炎综合征 Goodpasture 综合征Alport 综合征无症状性血尿或/和蛋白尿 asymptomatic hematuria and/or proteinuriaIgA肾病 IgA nephropathy急性间质性肾炎 acute interstitial nephritis,AIN慢性间质性肾炎 chronic interstitial nephritis,CIN尿路感染 urinary tract infection肾小管性酸中毒 renal tubular acidosis,RTAFanconi综合征肾动脉狭窄 renal artery stenosis肾血管性高血压 renal vascular hypertension缺血性肾脏病 ischemic nephropathy肾动脉栓塞 renal artery embolism肾动脉血栓 renal artery thrombosis良性小动脉性肾硬化症 benign arteriolar nephrosclerosis恶性小动脉性肾硬化症 malignant arteriolar nephrosclerosis肾静脉血栓 renal vein thrombosis,RVT急性肾衰竭 acute renal failure横纹肌溶解 rhabdomyolysis慢性肾衰竭 chronic renal failure血液病 hematology输血医学 transfusion medicine造血干细胞 hemapoietic stem cell ,HSC异质性 heterogeneous家族性非溶血性黄疸 Gilbert综合征遗传性球形细胞增多症 hereditary spherocytosis再障危象 aplastic crisis葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶 glucose-6-dehydrogenase,G6PD蚕豆病 favism血红蛋白病 hemoglobinopathy海洋性贫血 thalassemia自身免疫性溶血性贫血 antoimmune hemolytic anemia,AIHA直接抗人球蛋白试验 Coombs test阵发性睡眠性血红蛋白尿 paroxysmal nocturnal homoglobinuria,PNH 白细胞减少 leukopenia粒细胞减少症 granulocytopenia粒细胞缺乏症 agranunocytosis惰性白细胞综合征 lazy leukocyte syndrome骨髓增生异常综合征 myelodysplastic syndrome,MDS未成熟前体细胞骨髓位置异常 abnaormal localization of immature precursor,ALIP白血病 leukemia急性白血病 acute leukemia粒细胞肉瘤 granulocytic sarcoma绿色瘤 chloroma慢性粒细胞白血病 chronic granulocytic leukemia慢性淋巴细胞白血病 chronic lymphocytic leukemia淋巴瘤 lymphoma霍奇金病 Hodgkin disease,HD非霍奇金淋巴瘤 non Hodgkin lymphoma,NHL黏膜相关性淋巴组织淋巴瘤 mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma,MALT浆细胞病 plasma cell dyscrasiaM蛋白 monoclonal protein本周蛋白 Bence-Jones protein多发性骨髓瘤 multiple myeloma骨髓增生性疾病 myeloproliferative disorders MPD真性红细胞增多症 polycythemia vera原发性血小板增多症 primary thrombocythemia原发性骨髓纤维化症 primary myelofibrosisMosse综合征脾功能亢进 hypersplenism血管性紫癜 vascular purpura过敏性紫癜 allergic purpura遗传性出血性毛细血管扩张症 hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasis单纯性紫癜 simple purpura血小板减少性紫癜 thrombocytopenia purpura特发性血小板减少性紫癜 idiopathic thrombocytopenia purpura,ITP 血友病 hemophilia传性FXI缺乏症 Rosenthal综合征血管性血友病 von Willebrand disease,vWD维生素缺乏症 vitamin K deficiency弥散性血管内凝血 disseminated intravascular coagulation,DIC 血栓形成 thrombosis血栓栓塞 thromboembolism自身输血 autologous blood transfusion异基因抗体 allo-antibody交叉配血 cross matching浓缩红细胞 packed red blood cells,PRBC新鲜冷冻血浆 fresh frozen plasma,FFP输血相关性移植物抗宿主病 transfusion associated GVHD非溶血性发热输血反应 febrile nonhemolytic transfusionreaction,FNHTR桥本甲状腺炎 Hashimoto thyroiditis肢端肥大症 acromegaly促催乳生长激素细胞 mammosomatotroph cellSchmidt综合征生长激素缺乏性侏儒症 growth hormone deficiency dwarfism尿崩症 diabetes insipidus抗利尿激素 antidiuretic hormone精氨酸加压素 arginine vasopressin,AVP抗利尿激素分泌失调综合征 syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion, SIADH单纯性甲状腺肿 simple goiter甲状腺生长免疫球蛋白 thyroid growth immunoglobulin,TGIs Perberton征甲状腺亢进症 hyperthyroidism甲状腺兴奋性抗体 thyroid stimulating antibody,TSAb甲状腺功能减退症 hypothyroidism黏液性水肿 myxedemaPendred综合征亚急性甲状腺炎 subacute thyroiditis慢性淋巴细胞性甲状腺炎 chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis库欣综合征 Cushing syndrome库欣病 Cushing disease原发性醛固酮增多症 primary aldosteronism慢性肾上腺皮质减退症 chronic adrenocortical hypofunction嗜铬细胞瘤 pheochromocytoma甲状旁腺功能亢进症 hyperparathyroidismZollinger-Ellison综合征Trousseau征甲状旁腺功能减退症 hypoparathyroidismChvostek征糖尿病 diabetes mellitus自我监测血糖 self-monitoring of blood glucose 普通胰岛素 regular insulin糖尿病酮症酸中毒 diabetic ketoacidosis,DKA高渗性非酮症性糖尿病昏迷 hyperosmolar nonketotic diabetic coma 低血糖症 hypoglycemia胰岛素瘤 insulinoma高脂血症 hyperlipidemia高胆固醇血症 hypercholesterolemia高甘油三酯血症 hypertriglyceridemia载脂蛋白 apoprotein游离脂肪酸 free fatty acids,FFA蛋白质-能量营养不良症 protein-energy malnutrition,PEM消瘦症 marasmus蛋白质营养不良症 kwashiorkor混合型 kwashiorkor-marasmus脚气病 beriberi烟酸缺乏病 nicotinic acid deficiency糙皮病endemic erythema失水 water loss水过多 water excess水中毒 water intoxication低钠血症 hyponatremia高钠血症 hypernatremia低钾血症 hypokalemia高钾血症 hyperkalemia痛风 gout高尿酸血症 hyperuricemia骨质疏松症 osteoporosis降钙素 calcitonia风湿性疾病 rheumatic disease弥漫性结缔组织病 diffuse connective tissue disease风湿 rheumatism非甾体抗炎药 nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs ,NSAID 慢作用抗风湿药 slow acting antirheumatic drugs,SAARD 类风湿关节炎 rheumatoid arthritis ,RA类风湿因子 rheumatoid factor血清阴性脊柱关节病 seronegative spondyloarthropathy强直性脊柱炎 ankylosing spondylitis ，AS Schober试验P905Reiter综合征 P907系统性红斑狼疮 systemic lupus erythematosus,SLE血管炎 vasculitis大动脉炎 Takayasu arteritis变应性肉芽肿血管炎 P919 Churg-Strauss综合征超敏性血管炎 hypersensitivity angiitis又称白细胞破碎性血管炎 leucocytoclastic vasculitis或变应性血管炎 allergic vasculitisWegener肉芽肿 Wegener granulomatosis巨细胞动脉炎 giant cell arteritis,GCA又称颞动脉炎 temporal arteritis风湿性多肌痛 polymyalgia rheumatica,PMR白赛病 Behcet disease系统性硬化病 systemic sclerosis,SScCREST综合征P927 包括手指软组织钙化calcinosis,雷诺现象Raynaud phenomenon,食管运动功能障碍esophageal dysmotility,硬皮指sclerodactyly 及毛细管扩张telangiectasis特发性炎症性肌病 idiopathic inflammatory myositis,IIM多发性肌炎 ploymyositis PM皮肌炎 dermatomyositis,DM无肌病性皮肌炎 amyopathic dermatomyositis幼年性皮肌炎 juvenile dermatomyositis包含体肌炎 inclusion body myositis 抗合成酶综合症 anti-synthetase syndrome原发性干燥综合征 primary Sjogren’s syndrome,pSS骨性关节炎 osteoarthritis，OA大骨节病 Kashin-Beck病骨软骨病 osteochondrosis中毒 poisoning有机磷杀虫药 organophosphorous insecticides急性一氧化碳中毒 acute carbon monoxide poisoning 铅中毒 lead poisoning酒精中毒 alcohol poisoning Wernicke病，Korsakoff综合征 P976中暑 heat illness热痉挛 heat cramp热衰竭 heat exhaustion热（日）射病 heat stroke,sun stroke冻僵（意外低体温） accidental hypothermia高原病 diseases of high altitude淹溺 drowning近乎淹溺 near drowning电击 electrical injury前臂腔隙综合征 compartment syndrome晕动病 motion sickness。

西医重症医学科术语英文翻译以下是常见的西医重症医学科术语英文翻译：1. 重症医学科：Intensive Care Unit (ICU)2. 急性呼吸窘迫综合征：Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)3. 慢性阻塞性肺疾病：Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)4. 心力衰竭：Heart Failure (HF)5. 急性心肌梗死：Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI)6. 休克：Shock7. 重症感染：Severe Infections8. 多器官功能衰竭：Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome (MODS)9. 脓毒症：Sepsis10. 深静脉血栓形成：Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)11. 重症哮喘：Severe Asthma12. 急性肾损伤：Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)13. 重症胰腺炎：Severe Pancreatitis14. 重症肝炎：Severe Hepatitis15. 严重烧伤：Major Burns16. 大出血：Massive Bleeding17. 危重病营养支持：Critical Care Nutrition Support18. 机械通气：Mechanical Ventilation19. 血液净化治疗：Blood Purification Therapies20. 心肺复苏术：Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)21. 体外膜氧合技术：Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO)22. 重症监测技术：Critical Care Monitoring Techniques23. 血管活性药物：Vasoactive Drugs24. 镇静镇痛治疗：Sedation and Analgesia Therapies25. 重症患者的转运：Transport of Critically Ill Patients26. 重症护理记录：Intensive Care Unit (ICU) Notes and Progress Notes27. 脓毒症管理：Sepsis Management28. 多学科团队协作：Multidisciplinary Team Collaborations in the ICU29. 重症患者的心理护理：Psychological Care for the Critically Ill30. 人工气道管理：Artificial Airway Management in the ICU31. 高血压危象管理：Management of Hypertensive Crises in the ICU32. 心律失常处理：Treatment of Arrhythmias in the ICU33. 急性呼吸衰竭处理：Treatment of Acute Respiratory Failure in the ICU34. 血液保护和输血治疗：Blood Conservation and Transfusion Therapies in the ICU35. 水、电解质平衡和酸碱平衡紊乱的处理：Management of Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Disorders in the ICU36. 重症患者的血糖管理：Glycemic Control in the ICU37. 中性粒细胞减少症的处理：Management of Neutropenia in the ICU38. 重症患者的营养支持原则与实践：Principles and Practice of Nutrition Support in the ICU39. 重症患者的疼痛管理：Pain Management in the ICU40. 镇静和镇痛的伦理问题与考虑因素：Ethical Issues and Considerations in Sedation andAnalgesia in the ICU41. 多器官功能衰竭的预防与管理：Prevention and Management of Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome (MODS) in the ICU42. 重症患者的机械通气管理策略与实践：Strategies and Practice of Mechanical Ventilation Management in the ICU43. 重症患者的人工气道管理原则与实践：Principles and Practice of Artificial Airway Management in the ICU44. 高血压危象的诊断与治疗策略：Diagnostic and Therapeutic Strategies for Hypertensive Crises in the ICU45. 心律失常的评估与处理原则：Assessment and Management Principles for Arrhythmias in the ICU46. 急性呼吸衰竭的诊断与治疗策略：Diagnostic and Therapeutic Strategies for Acute Respiratory Failure in the ICU47. 水、电解质平衡和酸碱平衡紊乱的诊断与处理原则：Diagnostic and Management Principles for Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Disorders in the ICU48. 重症患者的血糖监测与管理策略：Monitoring and Management Strategies for Glycemia in the ICU49. 重症患者的心理护理与精神支持原则与实践：Principles and Practice of Psychological Care and Mental Support for the Critically Ill。

每日一病——COPDChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a type of obstructive lung disease characterized by chronically poor airflow. It typically worsens over time. The main symptoms include shortness of breath, cough, and sputum production. Most people with chronic bronchitis have COPD.Tobacco smoking is the most common cause of COPD, with a number of other factors such as air pollution and genetics playing a smaller role.In the developing world, one of the common sources of air pollution is from poorly vented cooking and heating fires.Long-term exposure to these irritants causes an inflammatory response in the lungs resulting in narrowing of the small airways and breakdown of lung tissue known as emphysema.The diagnosis is based on poor airflow as measured by lung function tests.In contrast to asthma, the airflow reduction does not improve significantly with the administration of medication.COPD can be prevented by reducing exposure to the known causes. This includes efforts to decrease rates of smoking and to improve indoor and outdoor air quality.COPD treatments include: quitting smoking, vaccinations, rehabilitation, and often inhaled bronchodilators and steroids. Some people may benefit from long-term oxygen therapy or lung transplantation. In those who have periods of acute worsening, increased use of medications and hospitalization may be needed.注释：sputum 痰，irritant 刺激物，emphysema 肺气肿，inhale 吸入，bronchodilators 支气管扩张药，hospitalization 住院治疗（内容摘自维基百科英文，注释是自己写的）每日一病2——AsthmaAsthma is a common chronic inflammatory disease of the airways characterized by variable and recurring symptoms, reversible airflow obstructionand mon symptoms include wheezing, coughing, chest tightness, and shortness of breath.Asthma is thought to be caused by a combination of geneticand environmental factors.Its diagnosisis usually based on the pattern of symptoms, response to therapy over time and spirometry.It is clinically classified according to the frequency of symptoms, forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), and peak expiratory flow rate.Asthma may also be classified as atopic(extrinsic) or non-atopic (intrinsic) where atopy refers to a predisposition toward developing type 1 hypersensitivityreactions.Treatment of acute symptoms is usually with an inhaled short-acting beta-2 agonist(such as salbutamol) and oral corticosteroids.In very severe cases, intravenous corticosteroids, magnesium sulfate, and hospitalization may be required.Symptoms can be prevented by avoiding triggers, such as allergens and irritants, and by the use of inhaled corticosteroids.Long-acting beta agonists(LABA) or leukotriene antagonists may be used in addition to inhaled corticosteroids if asthma symptoms remain uncontrolled.The occurrence of asthma has increased significantly since the 1970s. In 2011, 235–300 million people globally have been diagnosed with asthma,and it caused 250,000 deaths.注释reversible：可逆的，bronchospas：支气管痉挛，wheezing：喘息，spirometry：肺活量测定，atopic：遗传性过敏症的predisposition：易染病体质hypersensitivity reactions：超敏反应，salbutamol：舒喘灵，corticosteroids：皮质激素类，magnesium sulfate：硫酸镁，leukotriene：白三烯，（文献来自维基百科英文，注释是自己加的）每日一病3——PneumoniaPneumonia is an inflammatory condition of the lung affecting primarily the microscopic air sacs known as alveoli. It is usually caused by infection with viruses or bacteria and less commonly other microorganisms, certain drugs and other conditions such as autoimmune diseases.Typical symptoms include a cough, chest pain, fever, and difficulty breathing. Diagnostic tools include x-rays and culture of the sputum. Vaccines to prevent certain types of pneumonia are available. Treatment depends on the underlying cause. Pneumonia presumed to be bacterial is treated with antibiotics. If the pneumonia is severe, the affected person is, in general, admitted to hospital.Pneumonia affects approximately 450 million people globally per year, seven percent of population, and results in about 4 million deaths, mostly in third-world countries. Although pneumonia was regarded by William Osler in the 19th century as "the captain of the men of death". the advent of antibiotic therapy and vaccines in the 20th century has seen improvements in survival. Nevertheless, in developing countries, and among the very old, the very young, and the chronically ill, pneumonia remains a leading cause of death.注释：alveoli:肺泡貌似这几段相对好理解～嗯，现在只要对医学英语有些感觉就好。