COMPLETE CONGRUENCE REPRESENTATIONS WITH 2-DISTRIBUTIVE MODULAR LATTICES

Introduction to Artificial Intelligence智慧树知到课后章节答案2023年下哈尔滨工程大学哈尔滨工程大学第一章测试1.All life has intelligence The following statements about intelligence arewrong（）A:All life has intelligence B:Bacteria do not have intelligence C:At present,human intelligence is the highest level of nature D:From the perspective of life, intelligence is the basic ability of life to adapt to the natural world答案:Bacteria do not have intelligence2.Which of the following techniques is unsupervised learning in artificialintelligence?（）A:Neural network B:Support vector machine C:Decision tree D:Clustering答案:Clustering3.To which period can the history of the development of artificial intelligencebe traced back?（）A:1970s B:Late 19th century C:Early 21st century D:1950s答案:Late 19th century4.Which of the following fields does not belong to the scope of artificialintelligence application?（）A:Aviation B:Medical C:Agriculture D:Finance答案:Aviation5.The first artificial neuron model in human history was the MP model,proposed by Hebb.（）A:对 B:错答案:错6.Big data will bring considerable value in government public services, medicalservices, retail, manufacturing, and personal location services. （）A:错 B:对答案:对第二章测试1.Which of the following options is not human reason:（）A:Value rationality B:Intellectual rationality C:Methodological rationalityD:Cognitive rationality答案:Intellectual rationality2.When did life begin? （）A:Between 10 billion and 4.5 billion years B:Between 13.8 billion years and10 billion years C:Between 4.5 billion and 3.5 billion years D:Before 13.8billion years答案:Between 4.5 billion and 3.5 billion years3.Which of the following statements is true regarding the philosophicalthinking about artificial intelligence?（）A:Philosophical thinking has hindered the progress of artificial intelligence.B:Philosophical thinking has contributed to the development of artificialintelligence. C:Philosophical thinking is only concerned with the ethicalimplications of artificial intelligence. D:Philosophical thinking has no impact on the development of artificial intelligence.答案:Philosophical thinking has contributed to the development ofartificial intelligence.4.What is the rational nature of artificial intelligence?（）A:The ability to communicate effectively with humans. B:The ability to feel emotions and express creativity. C:The ability to reason and make logicaldeductions. D:The ability to learn from experience and adapt to newsituations.答案:The ability to reason and make logical deductions.5.Which of the following statements is true regarding the rational nature ofartificial intelligence?（）A:The rational nature of artificial intelligence includes emotional intelligence.B:The rational nature of artificial intelligence is limited to logical reasoning.C:The rational nature of artificial intelligence is not important for itsdevelopment. D:The rational nature of artificial intelligence is only concerned with mathematical calculations.答案:The rational nature of artificial intelligence is limited to logicalreasoning.6.Connectionism believes that the basic element of human thinking is symbol,not neuron; Human's cognitive process is a self-organization process ofsymbol operation rather than weight. （）A:对 B:错答案:错第三章测试1.The brain of all organisms can be divided into three primitive parts:forebrain, midbrain and hindbrain. Specifically, the human brain is composed of brainstem, cerebellum and brain (forebrain). （）A:错 B:对答案:对2.The neural connections in the brain are chaotic. （）A:对 B:错答案:错3.The following statement about the left and right half of the brain and itsfunction is wrong （）.A:When dictating questions, the left brain is responsible for logical thinking,and the right brain is responsible for language description. B:The left brain is like a scientist, good at abstract thinking and complex calculation, but lacking rich emotion. C:The right brain is like an artist, creative in music, art andother artistic activities, and rich in emotion D:The left and right hemispheres of the brain have the same shape, but their functions are quite different. They are generally called the left brain and the right brain respectively.答案:When dictating questions, the left brain is responsible for logicalthinking, and the right brain is responsible for language description.4.What is the basic unit of the nervous system?（）A:Neuron B:Gene C:Atom D:Molecule答案:Neuron5.What is the role of the prefrontal cortex in cognitive functions?（）A:It is responsible for sensory processing. B:It is involved in emotionalprocessing. C:It is responsible for higher-level cognitive functions. D:It isinvolved in motor control.答案:It is responsible for higher-level cognitive functions.6.What is the definition of intelligence?（）A:The ability to communicate effectively. B:The ability to perform physicaltasks. C:The ability to acquire and apply knowledge and skills. D:The abilityto regulate emotions.答案:The ability to acquire and apply knowledge and skills.第四章测试1.The forward propagation neural network is based on the mathematicalmodel of neurons and is composed of neurons connected together by specific connection methods. Different artificial neural networks generally havedifferent structures, but the basis is still the mathematical model of neurons.（）A:对 B:错答案:对2.In the perceptron, the weights are adjusted by learning so that the networkcan get the desired output for any input. （）A:对 B:错答案:对3.Convolution neural network is a feedforward neural network, which hasmany advantages and has excellent performance for large image processing.Among the following options, the advantage of convolution neural network is（）.A:Implicit learning avoids explicit feature extraction B:Weight sharingC:Translation invariance D:Strong robustness答案:Implicit learning avoids explicit feature extraction;Weightsharing;Strong robustness4.In a feedforward neural network, information travels in which direction?（）A:Forward B:Both A and B C:None of the above D:Backward答案:Forward5.What is the main feature of a convolutional neural network?（）A:They are used for speech recognition. B:They are used for natural languageprocessing. C:They are used for reinforcement learning. D:They are used forimage recognition.答案:They are used for image recognition.6.Which of the following is a characteristic of deep neural networks?（）A:They require less training data than shallow neural networks. B:They havefewer hidden layers than shallow neural networks. C:They have loweraccuracy than shallow neural networks. D:They are more computationallyexpensive than shallow neural networks.答案:They are more computationally expensive than shallow neuralnetworks.第五章测试1.Machine learning refers to how the computer simulates or realizes humanlearning behavior to obtain new knowledge or skills, and reorganizes the existing knowledge structure to continuously improve its own performance.（）A:对 B:错答案:对2.The best decision sequence of Markov decision process is solved by Bellmanequation, and the value of each state is determined not only by the current state but also by the later state.（）A:对 B:错答案:对3.Alex Net's contributions to this work include: （）.A:Use GPUNVIDIAGTX580 to reduce the training time B:Use the modified linear unit (Re LU) as the nonlinear activation function C:Cover the larger pool to avoid the average effect of average pool D:Use the Dropouttechnology to selectively ignore the single neuron during training to avoid over-fitting the model答案:Use GPUNVIDIAGTX580 to reduce the training time;Use themodified linear unit (Re LU) as the nonlinear activation function;Cover the larger pool to avoid the average effect of average pool;Use theDropout technology to selectively ignore the single neuron duringtraining to avoid over-fitting the model4.In supervised learning, what is the role of the labeled data?（）A:To evaluate the model B:To train the model C:None of the above D:To test the model答案:To train the model5.In reinforcement learning, what is the goal of the agent?（）A:To identify patterns in input data B:To minimize the error between thepredicted and actual output C:To maximize the reward obtained from theenvironment D:To classify input data into different categories答案:To maximize the reward obtained from the environment6.Which of the following is a characteristic of transfer learning?（）A:It can only be used for supervised learning tasks B:It requires a largeamount of labeled data C:It involves transferring knowledge from onedomain to another D:It is only applicable to small-scale problems答案:It involves transferring knowledge from one domain to another第六章测试1.Image segmentation is the technology and process of dividing an image intoseveral specific regions with unique properties and proposing objects ofinterest. In the following statement about image segmentation algorithm, the error is （）.A:Region growth method is to complete the segmentation by calculating the mean vector of the offset. B:Watershed algorithm, MeanShift segmentation,region growth and Ostu threshold segmentation can complete imagesegmentation. C:Watershed algorithm is often used to segment the objectsconnected in the image. D:Otsu threshold segmentation, also known as themaximum between-class difference method, realizes the automatic selection of global threshold T by counting the histogram characteristics of the entire image答案:Region growth method is to complete the segmentation bycalculating the mean vector of the offset.2.Camera calibration is a key step when using machine vision to measureobjects. Its calibration accuracy will directly affect the measurementaccuracy. Among them, camera calibration generally involves the mutualconversion of object point coordinates in several coordinate systems. So,what coordinate systems do you mean by "several coordinate systems" here?（）A:Image coordinate system B:Image plane coordinate system C:Cameracoordinate system D:World coordinate system答案:Image coordinate system;Image plane coordinate system;Camera coordinate system;World coordinate systemmonly used digital image filtering methods:（）.A:bilateral filtering B:median filter C:mean filtering D:Gaussian filter答案:bilateral filtering;median filter;mean filtering;Gaussian filter4.Application areas of digital image processing include:（）A:Industrial inspection B:Biomedical Science C:Scenario simulation D:remote sensing答案:Industrial inspection;Biomedical Science5.Image segmentation is the technology and process of dividing an image intoseveral specific regions with unique properties and proposing objects ofinterest. In the following statement about image segmentation algorithm, the error is ( ).A:Otsu threshold segmentation, also known as the maximum between-class difference method, realizes the automatic selection of global threshold T by counting the histogram characteristics of the entire imageB: Watershed algorithm is often used to segment the objects connected in the image. C:Region growth method is to complete the segmentation bycalculating the mean vector of the offset. D:Watershed algorithm, MeanShift segmentation, region growth and Ostu threshold segmentation can complete image segmentation.答案:Region growth method is to complete the segmentation bycalculating the mean vector of the offset.第七章测试1.Blind search can be applied to many different search problems, but it has notbeen widely used due to its low efficiency.（）A:错 B:对答案:对2.Which of the following search methods uses a FIFO queue （）.A:width-first search B:random search C:depth-first search D:generation-test method答案:width-first search3.What causes the complexity of the semantic network （）.A:There is no recognized formal representation system B:The quantifiernetwork is inadequate C:The means of knowledge representation are diverse D:The relationship between nodes can be linear, nonlinear, or even recursive 答案:The means of knowledge representation are diverse;Therelationship between nodes can be linear, nonlinear, or even recursive4.In the knowledge graph taking Leonardo da Vinci as an example, the entity ofthe character represents a node, and the relationship between the artist and the character represents an edge. Search is the process of finding the actionsequence of an intelligent system.（）A:对 B:错答案:对5.Which of the following statements about common methods of path search iswrong（）A:When using the artificial potential field method, when there are someobstacles in any distance around the target point, it is easy to cause the path to be unreachable B:The A* algorithm occupies too much memory during the search, the search efficiency is reduced, and the optimal result cannot beguaranteed C:The artificial potential field method can quickly search for acollision-free path with strong flexibility D:A* algorithm can solve theshortest path of state space search答案:When using the artificial potential field method, when there aresome obstacles in any distance around the target point, it is easy tocause the path to be unreachable第八章测试1.The language, spoken language, written language, sign language and Pythonlanguage of human communication are all natural languages.（）A:对 B:错答案:错2.The following statement about machine translation is wrong （）.A:The analysis stage of machine translation is mainly lexical analysis andpragmatic analysis B:The essence of machine translation is the discovery and application of bilingual translation laws. C:The four stages of machinetranslation are retrieval, analysis, conversion and generation. D:At present,natural language machine translation generally takes sentences as thetranslation unit.答案:The analysis stage of machine translation is mainly lexical analysis and pragmatic analysis3.Which of the following fields does machine translation belong to? （）A:Expert system B:Machine learning C:Human sensory simulation D:Natural language system答案:Natural language system4.The following statements about language are wrong: （）。

湖南省英语初二上学期模拟试题及答案指导一、听力部分（本大题有20小题，每小题1分，共20分）1、Listen to the dialogue and choose the best answer to the question you hear.Question: What is the weather like today?A. It’s sunny.B. It’s cloudy.C. It’s rainy.Answer: B. It’s cloudy.Explanation: The student asks the teacher about the weather, and the teacher responds with “It’s a bit cloudy today,” which indicates that the weather is not sunny but not rainy either.2、Listen to the short passage and answer the question.Question: What is the main topic of the passage?A. How to study effectively.B. The importance of exercise.C. The benefits of reading books.Answer: C. The benefits of reading books.Explanation: The passage focuses on discussing the positive effects of reading books o n one’s knowledge and creativity, making “The benefits of reading books” the main topic.3、What is the name of the animal that the boy is talking about in the conversation?A. DogB. CatC. FishD. BirdAnswer: C. FishExplanation: In the conversation, the boy mentions, “Look at that fish, it’s so colorful.” Hence, the animal he is talking about is a fish.4、Why does the woman want to go to the museum?A. Because she has never been there before.B. Because she heard there are new exhibitions.C. Because she wants to learn more about art.D. Because she needs to see a friend there.Answer: B. Because she heard there are new exhibitions.Explanation: The woman says, “I heard they have some new exhibitions. Would you like to go with me?” This indicates that she wants to go to the museum because she heard about the new exhibitions.5、You hear a conversation between two friends discussing their weekend plans.A. What did the first person plan to do?B. What did the second person plan to do?C. When did the first person plan to do it?Answer: A) What did the first person plan to do?Explanation: Listen for the first person’s response when asked about their plans for the weekend. The correct answer should reflect the activity the first person mentioned.6、You listen to a short news report about a local event.A. What is the main topic of the news report?B. Who is the main speaker in the news report?C. What is the expected outcome of the event mentioned in the report?Answer: A) What is the main topic of the news report?Explanation: Listen for the key information provided in the news report. The correct answer should identify the central subject of the report, which is often introduced early in the news segment.7.You are listening to a conversation between two students discussing their weekend plans.A. What are they planning to do this weekend?B. How do they feel about the weather?C. What time will they meet on Sunday?D. Where is the library located?Answer: AExplanation: In the conversation, one student asks the other about their weekend plans, indicating that the topic of the question is about what they are goingto do.8.A teacher is giving instructions for a group project.A. What is the group project about?B. When is the deadline for the project?C. How many group members are there?D. What resources are available for the project?Answer: BExplanation: The teacher specifically mentions the deadline for the project, making it clear that the question is about the time frame for the project to be completed.9.Listen to the conversation and answer the question.A. What is the man’s favorite sport?B. Why does the woman suggest playing basketball?C. Who is going to play with them?D. What time will they meet at the gym?Answer: BExplanation: The woman suggests playing basketball because she heard it’s a great workout and the gym is not crowded in the morning. The other options are not mentioned in the conversation.10.Listen to the dialogue and complete the sentence with the correct option. The teacher asks the student about his favorite subject. The student says, “I really enjoy _.”B. scienceC. historyD. artAnswer: DExplanation: The student completes th e sentence with “art” because the teacher is asking about his favorite subject and the student mentions that he enjoys art. The other options are not mentioned in the dialogue.11.Listen to the following dialogue and choose the best answer to the question you hear.A. The man is playing tennis.B. The woman is teaching the man how to play tennis.C. They are discussing the rules of tennis.D. They are watching a tennis match on TV.Answer: CExplanation: The dialogue includes the woman explaining the rules of tennis to the man, indicating that they are discussing the sport.12.Listen to the following conversation and fill in the blank with the correct word you hear.W: I can’t believe it’s already October. It feels like just yesterday we were in June.M: Yeah, time flies. Do you remember_______we spent the summer last year?B. thatC. whyD. whereAnswer: DExplanation: The correct word to complete the sentence is “where,” which asks about the location or place where they spent the summer.13.What is the weather like in London today?A. SunnyB. RainyC. WindyD. CloudyAnswer: BExplanation: The question asks about the weather in London. Based on the context, the answer should reflect the current weather condition. In this case, the answer “Rainy” is t he correct one.14.Why does the teacher encourage the students to participate in the school sports activities?A. To improve their academic performanceB. To promote physical fitnessC. To increase their knowledge about sportsD. To enhance their social skillsAnswer: BExplanation: The question inquires about the reason behind the teacher’s encouragement. Among the given options, promoting physical fitness is the most appropriate answer. Therefore, the correct option is “To pro mote physical fitness.”15.You are listening to a conversation between two students, Alex and Jamie, discussing their weekend plans. Listen carefully and answer the question.Question: What activity does Jamie plan to do this weekend?A. Go shopping.B. Go to the movies.C. Visit their grandparents.Answer: BExplanation: In the conversation, Jamie says, “I think I’ll go to the movies this weekend with my friends.” This indicates that Jamie plans to go to the movies.16.Listen to a short dialogue between a teacher and a student, Lily, about her science project. Answer the question based on the dialogue.Question: What is Lily’s science project about?A. Plants.B. Animals.C. Weather.Answer: AExplanation: The teacher asks Lily, “So, Lily, what’s your science project about?” Lily replies, “It’s about plants. I’m studying how different types of soil affect plant growth.” This shows that Lily’s science project is focused on plants.17.You are listening to a conversation between two students, Alex and Lily, discussing their weekend plans.Lily: Hey, Alex, what are you doing this weekend?Alex: Oh, I’m planning to visit my grandparents in the countryside. They live about an hour away from here.Lily: That sounds fun! What will you do there?Alex: Well, we’ll have a picnic, go for a walk in the woods, and maybe even play some card games.Lily: That sounds perfect! I wish I could join you.Answer: B) visiting grandparentsExplanation: The correct answer is “visiting grandparents” because in the conversation, Alex mentions that they are planning to visit their grandparents in the countryside.18.You are listening to a news report about a new initiative to improve the environment.News Anchor: Good evening, everyone. Today, we have some exciting news about a new initiative aimed at reducing plastic waste. According to the Environment Department, the city government has recently introduced a new policy that bansthe use of single-use plastic bags in all supermarkets and stores.Audience Member: That’s great! What else is being done to reduce plastic waste?News Anchor: Well, the initiative also includes a recycling program where citizens can drop off their plastic waste at designated collection points, and there will be educational campaigns to raise awareness about the importance of recycling.Answer: A) new policy to ban single-use plastic bagsExplanation: The correct answer is “new policy to ban single-use plastic bags” because the news report mentions that the city government has introduced a policy that bans the use of single-use plastic bags in supermarkets and stores.19.Listen to the dialogue and choose the best answer to the question you hear.Question: What is the weather like today?A. It’s sunny.B. It’s rainy.C. It’s windy.Answer: BExplanation: The conversation between two friends mentions that they need to take an umbrella because it’s raining outside. Hence, the correct answer isB.20.Listen to the dialogue and complete the following sentence.Question: What are the two friends planning to do this weekend?A. Go to the movies.B. Visit a museum.C. Go to a concert.Answer: AExplanation: In the dialogue, the friends discuss their plans to go to the cinema this weekend. Therefore, the correct answer is A.二、阅读理解（30分）Title: The Journey of the WindThe wind has been a silent traveler since the beginning of time. It whispers secrets to the trees, carries the laughter of children, and dances across the waters. In this story, we follow the journey of a single wind as it crosses different landscapes and experiences various adventures.One sunny morning, the wind was born high above the mountains. It felt the warmth of the sun on its face and the coolness of the morning dew. With a gentle push from the sun, the wind began its journey, eager to explore the world below.As it descended, the wind encountered a forest of tall trees. The trees swayed and rustled with the wind’s touch, creating a symphony of sounds. The wind listened to the conversations of the leaves and felt the joy of the trees as they grew stronger with the sun’s energy.Continuing its journey, the wind reached a village. Here, it felt the warmthof the homes and the love of the people. The wind played with the children, who chased after it, laughing and calling it their friend. The wind carried the villagers’ prayers and dreams high into the sky.The wind then moved to a river, where it watched the boats float gently on the water’s surface. It felt the coolness of the water and the rhythmic flow of the river. The wind joined the dance of the waves, creating ripples that spread out across the water.Finally, the wind reached the ocean. It soared over the vast expanse, feeling the freedom of the sky. The wind played with the clouds, shaped them into various forms, and watched as they moved across the horizon. It knew that its journey was never-ending, as it would always be part of the natural cycle of life.Questions:1.Where did the wind begin its journey?A) In a villageB) Above the mountainsC) In the oceanD) In a forest2.What did the wind experience in the forest?A) The coolness of the morning dew and the warmth of the sunB) The conversations of the leaves and the joy of the treesC) The laughter of children and the rhythmic flow of the riverD) The coolness of the water and the dance of the waves3.How did the wind feel about its journey to the ocean?A) Confused and lostB) Free and joyfulC) Sad and tiredD) Angry and frustratedAnswers:1.B) Above the mountains2.B) The conversations of the leaves and the joy of the trees3.B) Free and joyful三、完型填空（15分）Passage:In the small town of Willow Creek, there was once a grand library that had stood for over a century. The library was filled with thousands of books on every imaginable topic. However, as time passed, the library began to fall into disrepair. The once bustling place had become a quiet, forgotten corner of the town.One day, a young girl named Emily walked into the library. She had always been fascinated by the stories in the old books. As she wandered through the aisles, she noticed a dusty, leather-bound book that seemed to call out to her. She opened it and found a map hidden inside. The map showed a hidden room behind the library, rumored to contain a treasure.Emily was determined to find this hidden room and uncover the treasure. Shebegan her search, asking questions and following clues. She met a kind old man named Mr. Thompson who had lived in Willow Creek all his life. He knew a lot about the history of the library and was eager to help Emily.“Emily,” he said, “the treasure is not just gold or jewels. It’s the knowledge and stories contained in those books. The real treasure is the power of reading.”Emily understood his words and continued her search. She discovered that the library had been built on the site of an ancient village, and many of the books were written by the villagers themselves. Each book held a piece of their history and culture.After much effort, Emily finally found the hidden room. Inside, there was a small chest filled with old letters, photographs, and even a few small, ornate boxes. But the most precious thing she found was a collection of old,hand-written stories from the villagers.Questions:1.The library in Willow Creek had stood for over a century, which means it was__________.a) recently builtb) very oldc) in the middle of the townd) a popular place2.Emily was___________about the stories in the old books.a) indifferentb) interestedc) boredd) confused3.The map showed a hidden room___________the library.a) aboveb) behindc) besided) below4.Mr. Thompson was___________to help Emily.a) reluctantb) eagerc) indifferentd) angry5.Emily found that the real treasure was the___________contained in the books.a) goldb) jewelsc) knowledge and storiesd) old lettersAnswers:1.b) very old2.b) interested3.b) behind4.b) eager5.c) knowledge and stories四、语法填空题（本大题有10小题，每小题1分，共10分）1、The book_(be) on the table is my favorite one.答案：is解析：此题考查主谓一致。

会长亲自整理模拟联合国大会常用词汇中英文对照来源：北航模联的日志1. Amendment 修正案2. Badge胸卡3 Deprive the right to rote 取消表决权4. Chair主席5. Close the debate 完毕辩论6. Director会议指导7. Delegate 代表8. Deputy 副代表9. Head Delegate 代表团团长，领队10. Faculty Advisor代表团指导11. Delegation Bloc代表团12. Distribution 分发13. Document officer 文件分发人员14. Drafting committee 起草委员会15. Draft Resolution 决议草案16. Draw lots 抽签17. Elect by an absolute (a simple) majority 以绝对〔简单〕多数选出18. Emergency meeting 紧急会议19. Enjoy privileges 享受特权20. Entry into force 开场生效21. Executive secretary 执行秘书22. Exercise the right of vote 行使表决权23. Expert 专家24. Explain one’s rote 对所投的票加以说明25. Extend the term of office 延长任期26. Extraordinary session 特别会议27. Fill a vacancy 补缺28. Final report 最后报告29. First ballot 第一次投票表决30. First priority 最优先项目31. Fix the timetable of the settings 安排各次会议的时间表32. Foot-note 脚注33. Gallery 旁听席34. General committee 总务委员会35. General debate 一般性辩论36. Geographical distribution 按地域分配37. Give a ruling 作出裁定38. Give a warning 警告39. Give up one’s turn to speak in favour of 把自己的发言时机让给40. Give up the office to chairman 放弃主席的职务41. Go back upon a vote 重新表决42. Governing body 执行机构43. Hand over the Chair to the Vice-chairman 让副主席担任主席44. Have priority 有优先权45. Have the initiative 有建议权46. Head of delegation 代表团团长47. Heading 标题48. Honorary president 名誉主席〔会长〕49. Host country 东道国50. I am authorized by my government 我受本国政府授权51. I ask for the floor 我请求发言52. I give the floor to 我请…〔发言〕53. I speak in my capacity of 我以…身份发言54. Immunities 豁免55. Implement the provisions of a Convention 实施公约的规定56. Impose a vote 行使否决权57. In a private capacity 以私人身份58. In an official capacity 以官方身份59. In an unofficial capacity 以非官方身份60. In the hands of chairman 听从主席决定61. Include in the agenda 列入议程62. Information desk 问讯处〔台〕63. Infringement 违反行为64. Initiate a discussion 进展讨论65. Instructions 指示、命令66. International instrument 国际文件〔特指国际公约等〕67. Interrupt a vote 中断表决68. Intervene in a debate 参加辩论69. Invite speakers to be brief 请发言人简明扼要些70. Invoke the chairman’s au thority 请使用主席的权利71. Leave it to the decision of the majority 由多数决定72. Item on the agenda 议程项目73. Leave the matter to the chairman’s decision 把事情交由主席决定74. Legal adviser 法律参谋75. List of delegates 代表76. List of speakers 发言人77. Lobby 大厅、休息厅78. Maintain one’s candidature 保持候选资格79. Maintain order 维持秩序80. Make a personal statement 以个人名义发表声明81. Memorandum 备忘录82. Merge together several amendments 把几个修正案合并起来83. Microphone 麦克风84. Minutes 会议记录85. Motion to Change the Speaking Time 动议更改发言时间86. Motion for a Moderated Caucus 动议有主持核心商榷87. Motion for an Un-moderated Caucus 动议自由商榷88. Motion to Close Debate 动议完毕辩论89. Move that a separate vote be taken 提议分开表决90. Move the closure of debate 动议完毕辩论91. Negative vote 反对票92. Note 照会93. Note a statement 将一个声明载入记录94. Note a violation of the rules 指出对规那么的破坏95. Object in principle 在原那么上反对96. Observer 观察员97. Occupy the chair 担任主席98. Office 职务99. Official languages 正式语言100. Official meeting 正式会议101. Open a debate on procedure 开场程序问题的辩论102. Open the Speakers’ List 产生发言103. Oppose a proposal 反对一个建议104. Original text 原文105. Overrule 驳回106. Page 意向条107. Participants 参加者108. Party to a convention 公约缔约国109. Pass a vote of censure 通过指责决议110. Permanent delegate 常人代表，常驻代表111. Placard 国家牌112. Place a statement on record 将一个声明载入纪录113. Place at the end of the agenda 列在议程末尾114. Platform 主席台115. Plenary assembly116. Plenipotentiary 全权代表117. Point of Inquiry 咨询性问题118. Point of Order 程序性问题119. Point of Personal Privilege 个人特权问题120. Position Paper .立场文件121. Postpone a vote .延期表决122. Postpone the discussion .推迟讨论123. Postpone to the next session(sitting). 延到.下一届〔次〕会124. Preamble 序言......................125. Preparatory committee 筹备委员会......................126. Preparatory meeting 预备会议127. President (submit) an amendment in writing 提出书面修正案128. Press gallery 新闻记者席129. Press releases 新闻稿......................130. Press-officer 新闻官......................131. Private meeting 秘密会议132. Proceed to the discussion of the articles 开场讨论条款133. Proceed to a second reading 进展二读134. Proceed to a vote .进展表决135. Programme of meetings 会议日程表136. Programme of work 工作日程137. Progress report 工作进展情况报告......................138. Protocol 议定书......................139. Provisional agenda 临时议程............................................140. Public gallery 公众旁听席......................141. Public meeting 公开会议142. Put a question to the vote 把问题付诸表决143. Put a written question 提出书面问题144. Put one’s name on the list of speakers 登记发言......................145. Questionnaire 调查表，问题单146. Raise a point of order 提出程序问题147. Raise an objection of principle 提出原那么性的反对意见148. Rappotuer 主席助理，报告员149. Ratify a Convention 批准公约150. Recall the terms of the rules 忆与规那么的条款151. Recommendation 建议152. Record in the minutes 列入会议记录153. Refer to existing traditions 参照现存惯例......................154. Refer to the text 参照原文......................155. Refuse an appointment 不承受责任、职务156. Refuse an office 不承受职务157. Refuse to take the initiative 拒绝带头......................158. Regional conference 规那么〔条例，规章〕159. Remit to the appropriate committee 送交主管的委员会160. Renewal of term of office 连任161. Renounce the office of chairman 辞去主席的职务162. Report 报告......................163. Representation 代表权......................164. Representative 代表......................165. Request a legal opinion 征询法律意见......................166. Request the speaker to keep the point under discussion 请发言人不要离开主题167. Reservations 保存168. Reserve one’s right to answer at a later stage 保存以后再答复的权利169. Resolution 决议170. Resolution committee 决议委员会171. Restrict the time accorded to speakers 限制发言时间172. Resume a debate 继续辩论173. Resume a sitting 继续开会174. Resume the chairmanship 继续担任主席175. Right of vote 表决权176. Role Call 点名177. Rostrum 讲台178. Round table meeting 圆桌会议179. Rules 规那么，法规180. Rules of procedure 议事规那么181. Seat 座位182. Secret ballot 无记名投票183. Secretariat 秘书处184. Secretary General 秘书长185. Serve in (a Board) 在〔理事会〕中担任理事186. Set up a committee 设立一个委员会187. Signatory to a convention 公约签字国188. Signatory 附议国189. Sit on a committee 参加委员会为委员190. Setting the Agenda 确定议题191. Speak from one’s place 在坐席上发言192. Sponsor 起草国193. Stand adjourned 休会194. Stand for election 担任候选人195. Standing body 常设机构196. Statement 声明，发言197. Status 地位......................198. Statutes 章程......................199. Steering committee 指导委员会......................200. Sub-committee 小组委员会......................201. Sub-heading 小标题，副标题202. Submit a draft resolution 提出决议草案203. Submit to the rules governin g… 服从有关……的规那么204. Subsidiary body 附属机构205. Substantive motion 实质行动议206. Substitute resolution 替代的决议207. Summary record 简要记录〔纪要〕208. Support a candidature 支持〔某人〕的候选资格209. Support a nomination 支持某个提名210. Suspend the rules 放弃对规那么的适用211. Suspend the sitting 停止会议212. Take a decision upon a motion 对动议作出决定213. Take a stand for (against) a proposal 赞成〔反对〕214. Take into consideration 考虑到215. Take part in a poll 参加选举216. Take the floor 发言217. Take up the discussion 开场讨论218. Technical adviser 技术参谋219. Term of office 任期......................220. The list of speakers in closed 发言登记已截止221. The majority is obtained 获得多数......................222. The majority of members present and voting 出席并投票的成员多数223. The meeting is called to order 宣布会议开场......................224. The motion is adopted 动议获得通过......................225. The motion is rejected 动议被否决226. The requisite majority 必要的多数......................227. The result is final 结果是最后的228. To address the meeting 发言229. To be in office 在职230. To be in session 开会231. Treasurer 司库232. Treaty 条约233. Tri-partite 三方面......................234. Typewriting service pool 打字组......................235. Unanimous vote 一致同意236. Unofficial meeting 非正式会议............................................237. Valid ballot papers 有效票238. Verbatim record 逐字记录......................239. Verbatim reporters 速记人员......................240. Veto 否决241. Vice-Chairman 副主席242. Vice-Chairmanship 副主席......................243. Vice-Presidency 副会长244. Vice-President 副会长245. Vote 投票表决246. Vote by roll call 唱名表决247. Vote by show of hands 举手表决248. Vote indicator 表决指示牌......................249. Vote of thanks 大会申......................250. Vote on the motion as a whole 表决整个动议......................251. Vote without debate 不经辩论的表决......................252. Votes cast 已投的票数......................253. Waive the rules 放弃对规那么的适用254. We have a quorum 我们已足法定人数255. Withdraw a proposal 撤回提案256. Withdraw one’s candid ature 撤销候选人资格257. Working languages 工作人员...................... 258. Working paper 工作文件......................259. Yield Time to Another Delegate让渡给他国代表......................260. Yield Time to Questions让渡给问题261. Yield Time to Chair让渡给主席..................。

几何英语知识点归纳总结In this article, we will delve into the key concepts and principles of geometry, covering a wide range of topics from basic shapes to advanced theorems. By the end of this article, you will have a comprehensive understanding of geometry and be able to apply its principles to solve a variety of problems.Basic Concepts in Geometry1. Points, Lines, and Planes: The foundation of geometry lies in the ideas of points, lines, and planes. A point is a location in space, represented by a dot. A line is a straight path that extends in both directions infinitely, with no width or thickness. A plane is a flat, two-dimensional surface that extends infinitely in all directions.2. Angles: An angle is formed when two rays share a common endpoint, referred to as the vertex. Angles are measured in degrees, with a full circle representing 360 degrees. There are different types of angles, including acute angles (less than 90 degrees), obtuse angles (greater than 90 degrees), right angles (exactly 90 degrees), straight angles (exactly 180 degrees), and reflex angles (greater than 180 degrees).3. Polygons: A polygon is a closed shape made up of straight line segments. The most common types of polygons are triangles (3 sides), quadrilaterals (4 sides), pentagons (5 sides), hexagons (6 sides), and so on. Polygons can be classified based on the number of sides and angles they have.4. Circles: A circle is a set of all points in a plane that are equidistant from a given center point. The distance from the center to any point on the circle is called the radius, and the distance across the circle through the center is called the diameter. The ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter is a constant value known as pi (π), approximately equal to 3.14159.5. Similarity and Congruence: Two geometric figures are similar if they have the same shape but different sizes. They are congruent if they have the same shape and size. These concepts are fundamental in understanding the relationships between different geometric figures.6. Perimeter and Area: The perimeter of a shape is the distance around its boundary, while the area is the measure of the space inside the boundary. Different formulas are used to calculate the perimeter and area of various shapes, such as rectangles, triangles, circles, and so on.Advanced Concepts in Geometry1. Pythagorean Theorem: This theorem states that in a right-angled triangle, the square of the length of the hypotenuse (the side opposite the right angle) is equal to the sum of the squares of the lengths of the other two sides. It is expressed as a^2 + b^2 = c^2, where a and b are the lengths of the two shorter sides, and c is the length of the hypotenuse.2. Theorems of Euclidean Geometry: Euclidean geometry, named after the ancient Greek mathematician Euclid, is the study of plane and solid figures based on a set of axioms and theorems. Some of the key theorems include the Parallel Postulate, the Angle Sum Theorem, the Pythagorean Theorem, and the Midpoint Theorem.3. Transformations: Transformations in geometry refer to the ways in which a figure can be moved, reflected, rotated, or scaled without changing its shape or size. Common transformations include translations (sliding), reflections (flipping), rotations (turning), and dilations (resizing).4. Coordinates and Graphs: The coordinate plane is a fundamental tool in geometry, consisting of two perpendicular number lines that intersect at the origin (0,0). Points on the plane are represented by ordered pairs of numbers (x,y) called coordinates. By plotting points on the coordinate plane, geometric figures and relationships can be visualized and analyzed.5. Trigonometry: Trigonometry is the branch of mathematics that deals with the study of angles and the lengths of their sides in triangles. It is an essential tool in understanding the relationships between angles and sides, and is widely used in fields such as engineering, physics, and navigation.6. Three-Dimensional Geometry: In addition to the two-dimensional shapes and figures, geometry also encompasses three-dimensional objects such as prisms, pyramids, spheres, cones, and cylinders. Three-dimensional geometry involves the measurement of volume, surface area, and spatial relationships between solid figures.Applications of GeometryThe principles of geometry have a wide range of applications in various fields of study and professions. Some of the key applications include:1. Architecture: Architects use geometry to design and construct buildings, bridges, and other structures. Understanding principles of symmetry, proportion, and spatial relationships is crucial in creating aesthetically pleasing and structurally sound designs.2. Engineering: Engineers utilize geometry in designing and analyzing mechanical components, electrical circuits, and structural frameworks. Geometric concepts such as vectors, forces, and dimensions play a critical role in the field of engineering.3. Cartography: Cartographers use geometry in creating maps and geographic information systems. By understanding the principles of projections, scales, and angles, accurate representations of geographic features can be produced.4. Art and Design: Artists and designers often incorporate geometric shapes, patterns, and proportions in their work. Understanding geometric principles allows them to create compositions with balance, harmony, and visual appeal.5. Computer Graphics: The field of computer graphics heavily relies on geometric algorithms and principles to create visual representations of virtual environments, objects, and characters in video games, movies, and simulations.ConclusionGeometry is a fundamental branch of mathematics that encompasses the study of shapes, sizes, and properties of space. By understanding the basic concepts of points, lines, angles, polygons, and circles, as well as the advanced principles of transformations, coordinates, trigonometry, and three-dimensional geometry, we are able to make sense of the world around us in a more precise and systematic manner.The principles of geometry have a wide range of applications in various fields of study and professions, including architecture, engineering, cartography, art and design, and computer graphics. By applying the principles of geometry to solve problems and analyze real-world scenarios, we are able to create, innovate, and understand the world in a more profound way. As we continue to advance in our understanding of geometry, we open up new possibilities for exploration, discovery, and creativity in the world of mathematics and beyond.。

NLP的基本概念NLP之名词索引●解读线索（Accessing Cues）：我们调整自己的生理（如呼吸、姿势、手势、或眼睛移动）来以某种方式思考的方法。

●假设架构（As - If frame）预想某事已经发生了，思考“假设”它已经发生时，在心理上激发具有创意的解决，以超越某些明显的障碍，达成意图的目标。

●类比，持续改变（Analogue）：在局限中持续变换，就好像亮度调节器一样。

●设心锚（设感应点）（Anchoring）：面对任何刺激或表象（内在或外在的），形成或触发某种反应的过程。

心锚（Anchors）可自然发生，也可预先设定。

●当下的、切身的、结合的（Associated）：在某个经验中，用你的眼睛，完全用你的感官感受。

●听（Auditory）：听觉●摘要（Backtrack）：以对方的关键用字及声调来重复或归纳。

●行为（Behaviour）：任何我们从事的活动，包括其思考过程。

●信仰（Beliefs）：我们对此世界的概念，以及我们在其中遵从的原则。

●测度（Calibration）：藉由解读非语言讯息，确实了解另一人的心理状态。

●能力（Capability）：实行某个任务时的成功策略。

●归类（Chunking）：藉由提升或降低某个逻辑层次来改变自己的认知。

升类，是提升一个层次，其中包含了你正在研究的层面。

降类，是降低了一个层级以便对你正在研究的主题有更具体的事例。

这种可以成员对班级或部分对整体的比照来认知。

●复合型相等（Complex Equivalence）：如：“他没有注视著我，所以他也没有听我在说话。

”●身心合一、言行一致（Congruence）：当人的所有部分朝向一个目标在努力时呈现统合且完全真诚的状态。

●意识（Conscious）：现时对任何事物的认知。

●内容重建（Content Reframing）：以内涵中另一个部分为焦点，询问：“它还代表那些其他的意义？”来赋予它另一种意义及状态。

2022年托业考试阅读常见短语集锦2022年托业考试阅读常见短语集锦1. gain/win recognition 获得认可2. make great strides 取得巨大进步3. in the long run 从长远来看4. an integral part of 组成部分5. capitalize on 充分利用6. a substantial increase 大幅增加7. a driving force 推动力8. adhere to 坚持9. take into account 考虑到10. keep pace with 跟上11. have a major impact on 对...有重大影响12. have a positive/negative effect on 对...有积极/消极的影响13. be conducive to 有助于14. be detrimental to 对...有害15. at the expense of 以...为代价16. be inclined to 倾向于17. be prone to 易于18. prohibit/restrict/limit 限制19. come to a consensus 达成一致20. take measures 采取措施21. overcome obstacles 克服障碍22. put an end to 结束23. face challenges 面临挑战24. adapt to 适应第1页/共4页25. pave the way 为...铺平道路26. put forward 提出27. provide a solution 提供解决方案28. carry out 进行29. attract attention 吸引注意30. draw a conclusion 得出结论31. reach agreement 达成协议32. take action 采取行动33. emerge as 成为...的出现34. play a crucial/vital role 起重要作用35. take advantage of 利用36. rely on 依靠37. make a real difference 产生真正的影响38. have a positive impact on 对...有积极影响39. lead to 导致40. contribute to 造成41. be essential to 对...至关重要42. be key to 对...至关重要43. be vital to 对...至关重要44. be fundamental to 对...至关重要45. be critical to 对...至关重要46. be of paramount importance 非常重要47. make progress 取得进展48. fall behind 落后49. keep up with 赶上50. stay ahead of 领先51. pose a challenge to 对...构成挑战52. take a proactive approach 采取积极的态度53. take steps 采取措施54. bring about 导致55. lead a trend 引领一个趋势56. bring benefits to 带来好处57. carry out research 进行研究58. take the initiative 采取主动59. conduct a survey 进行调查60. make a breakthrough 取得突破61. adopt new methods 采用新方法62. contribute to the development of 促进...的发展63. boost economic growth 促进经济增长64. reap the benefits 获益65. enhance competitiveness 提高竞争力66. make adjustments 做出调整67. tackle the problem 解决问题68. lower the cost 降低成本69. increase efficiency 提高效率70. achieve success 取得成功71. facilitate communication 促进沟通72. create job opportunities 创造就业机会73. reduce poverty 减少贫困74. prevent the spread of 阻止...的传播75. protect the environment 保护环境76. improve the quality of life 提高生活质量77. meet the needs of 满足...的需求78. ensure sustainability 保证可持续发展79. promote cultural exchange 促进文化交流80. expand market share 扩大市场份额81. lead to social unrest 导致社会动乱82. raise public awareness 提高公众意识83. promote economic development 促进经济发展第3页/共4页84. foster innovation 培养创新85. encourage investment 鼓励投资86. promote social progress 促进社会进步87. deepen cooperation 深化合作88. strengthen ties 加强联系89. promote international understanding 促进国际理解90. improve bilateral/multilateral relations 改善双边/多边关系91. shape public opinion 形成公众舆论92. exert influence 施加影响93. raise concerns 引起关注94. raise doubts 提出疑问95. create a harmonious society 创建和谐社会96. build a harmonious relationship 建立和谐关系97. respect cultural diversity 尊重文化多样性98. protect intellectual property rights 保护知识产权99. strike a balance 取得平衡100. make a difference 做出改变。

2024-2025学年沪教版英语小学五年级上学期期末模拟试题及答案指导一、听力部分（本大题有12小题，每小题2分，共24分）1、What is the name of the capital city in China?A. ShanghaiB. BeijingC. GuangzhouD. ShenzhenAnswer: BExplanation: The capital city of China is Beijing. The other options are major cities in China, but not the capital.2、How do you say “I have a cat” in English?A. I have a dogB. I have a catC. I have a birdD. I have a fishAnswer: BExplanation: The correct translation of “我有只猫” (Wo you zhi mao) into English is “I have a cat.” The other options are translations of differentanimals.3、Listen to the dialogue and choose the best answer for each question. (听对话，回答下列问题。

)3、How does Tom go to school today?A、By bus.B、By bike.C、On foot.3、C、On foot.解析: In the dialogue, Tom says, “I usually go to school on foot, but today I walked faster because I was in a hurry.” Therefore, the correct answer is C, “On foot.”4、What’s the weather like today?A、Sunny.B、Rainy.C、Cloudy.4、B、Rainy.解析: The dialogue mentions that “Tom’s father said, ‘It’s going to rain today, so make sure to bring an umbrella.’” Therefore, the correct answer is B, “Rainy.”5.Listen to the dialogue between two students about their weekend plans. Select the best answer to fill in the blank.Student A: Hey, do you know what you are doing this weekend?Student B: Well, I’m going to visit my grandparents in the countryside.Student A: That sounds nice. What about you?Student B: I’m planning to go to the lake with my friends to swim and enjoy the nature.Question: What is Student B’s plan for the weekend?A)Visiting a friend in the city.B)Playing video games at home.C)Traveling to the countryside to visit grandparents.D)Going to the lake with friends.Answer: C) Traveling to the countryside to visit grandparents.Explanation: The conversation between the students clearly indicates Student B’s plan to travel to the countryside to visit their grandparents.6.Listen to a short passage about different types of fruits. Answer the following question.Question: According to the passage, which of the following fruits is not mentioned?A)ApplesB)BananasC)CherriesD)GrapesE)OrangesAnswer: C) CherriesExplanation: The passage mentions apples, bananas, grapes, and oranges asdifferent types of fruits; Cherries are not mentioned in the list.7、Listen to the dialogue and choose the correct answer.A. How old is the boy?B. How many books does the girl have?C. What is the weather like today?Answer: BExplanation: The boy asks, “How many books do you have?” indicating that the topic of the conversation is about the number of books the girl has. The other options are not addressed in the dialogue.8、Listen to the following instructions and complete the sentence.You will hear a teacher giving instructions for a group activity. Listen carefully and fill in the blank.The teacher says, “For our next activity, you will be working in groups of _______.”Answer: 4Explanation: The teacher’s instruction implies that the students will be divided into groups of four. The blank needs to be filled with the number “4” to complete the sentence correctly.9、Question:Listen to the sentence and choose the correct answer.Sentence:A: What is your favorite subject?B: My favorite subject is math.Answer: CExplanation:In the conversation, B says that his favorite subject is math. Therefore, the correct answer is C.10、Question:Listen to the sentence and choose the correct answer.Sentence:A: How do you go to school?B: I usually go to school by bus.Answer: BExplanation:In the dialogue, B indicates that he usually goes to school by bus. Thus, the correct answer is B.11.Listen to the dialogue between two students discussing their weekend plans. Choose the correct answer to complete the sentence.A. They are going to the zoo on Saturday.B. They are planning a picnic on Sunday.C. They will visit their families.Answer: BExplanation: In the dialogue, the first student mentions that they are planning a picnic on Sunday, implying that they will gather food and spend time outdoors together.12.Listen to a short passage about the importance of reading books. After listening, answer the following question.How can reading books help a person?A. It makes them healthier.B. It encourages creativity.C. It improves mathematical skills.Answer: BExplanation: The passage emphasizes that reading books stimulates creativity, as it allows readers to imagine new worlds, characters, and situations, which in turn enhances their imagination and thinking abilities.二、选择题（本大题有12小题，每小题2分，共24分）1、Which of the following is a plural noun?A. CatB. DogC. BooksD. TreeAnswer: CExplanation: In English, a plural noun refers to more than one of a thing.Option C, “Books,” is the plural form of the word “Book,” indicating more than one book. Options A, B, and D are all singular nouns.2、What does “She is reading a book.” mean?A. She is writing a book.B. She is looking at a book but not reading it.C. She is reading the contents of a book.D. She is borrowing a book.Answer: CExplanation: The sentence “She is reading a book” means that she is actively engaging with the contents of a book by reading it. Option A refers to writing a book, which is different from reading. Option B suggests merely looking at a book without reading, which does not convey the same meaning. Option D refers to borrowing a book, which is also unrelated to the action of reading. Therefore, the correct answer is C.3、Which sentence is correct?A)She go to school by bus every day.B)She goes to school by bus every day.C)She going to school by bus every day.D)She went to school by bus every day.Answer: BExplanation: The correct choice is B because it uses the proper verb form ‘goes’ which agrees with the singular subject ‘She’. Option A incorrectly uses the base form of the verb ‘go’, while C incorrectly uses the presentparticiple ‘going’ without a main verb. Option D is in the past tense, which does not fit the context of an ongoing action described by ‘every day’.4、What should you say when someone gives you a gift?A)You’re welcome.B)Thank you very much.C)I don’t like it.D)It’s none of your business.Answer: BExplanation: The correct choice is B. When receiving a gift, it is polite to express gratitude by saying ‘Thank you very much.’ Option A is used to respond to thanks, not to give them. Options C and D are impolite and would be inappropriate responses when given a gift.5.Choose the correct word to complete the sentence.Tom is a good student. He always keeps his classroom __________.A. cleanB. clearC. clearnessD. clearableAnswer: AExplanation: The correct word to complete the sentence is “clean” becau se it means to be free from dirt or disorder, which is the expected behavior ofa good student in keeping his classroom.6.Select the sentence that has the correct subject-verb agreement.A. The students are playing football.B. The students is playing football.C. The students be playing football.D. The students playing football.Answer: AExplanation: The correct sentence is “The students are playing football” because the subject “the students” is plural, so the verb “are” should be used to agree with the subject in number. The other options have incorrect verb conjugation or agreement.7、Which day of the week comes after Wednesday?A)MondayB)TuesdayC)ThursdayAnswer: C) ThursdayExplanation: The days of the week in order are Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday, and Sunday. Therefore, Thursday comes after Wednesday.8、What is the result of 45 ÷ 9?A)4B)5C)6Answer: B) 5Explanation: To find the result of 45 ÷ 9, divi de 45 by 9.45 ÷ 9 = 59.What is the plural form of the word “cat”?A)catB)catsC)cat’sAnswer: B) catsExplanation: The word “cat” is a singular noun. Its plural form is “cats.”10.Choose the correct verb form to complete the sentence.Yesterday, Emily___________her homework.A)finishedB)finishesC)is finishingAnswer: A) finishedExplanation: The sentence talks about an action that Emily did yesterday, which is in the past. Therefore, the correct form to use is the past simple tense, “finished.”11、What day is it tomorrow?A. MondayB. TuesdayC. WednesdayD. ThursdayAnswer: AExplanation: The context or previous information in the test paper should indicate or imply that today is Sunday, making tomorrow Monday. Without direct context here, the answer is based on typical test logic where options are distinct and not overlapping in a direct sequence question.12、—— How_____is your brother?—— He is 1.65 meters.A. oldB. tallC. heavyD. longAnswer: BExplanation: The response “He is 1.65 meters” indicates a measurement of height. Therefore, the correct question to ask would be about how tall someone is. “Old” refers to age, “heavy” refers to weight, and “long” is generally not used to describe a person’s height in this context.三、完型填空（10分）Section III: Cloze TestDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then fill in each blank with the correct form of the word given in brackets.Passage:Tommy is a 1 (five) grade student. He usually goes to school by bus, buttoday he went by bike because the bus was late. After school, he met his friend Jerry near the school gate. They decided to go to the park to play football. When they got there, they saw many children playing games. Tommy and Jerry joined them and had a lot of 2(funny). After playing, they were very thirsty, so they went to buy some drinks. On their way back home, they found a little dog lying on the street. It looked lost and hungry. Tommy and Jerry took it to an animal shelter nearby. The workers there said they would take good care of the dog. Tommy and Jerry felt happy that they could help the little dog. At last, they went home and told their parents about their day. Their parents were proud of them for being so 3 (kind).Questions:1.Tommy is a 1 (five) grade student.2.They decided to go to the park to play football and had a lot of 2(funny).3.Their parents were proud of them for being so 3 (kind).Answer Key:1.fifth2.fun3.kindThis cloze test aims to assess the students’ understanding of basic vocabulary, such as numbers and adjectives, as well as their ability to use words correctly in context. It also includes a simple narrative to encourage reading comprehension.四、阅读理解（26分）Reading ComprehensionRead the following passage and answer the questions that follow.The Shanghai Zoo, located in the heart of Shanghai, is one of the most popular tourist attractions in the city. With over 1,200 animals from around the world, the zoo offers a unique opportunity for visitors to learn about wildlife and conservation. The zoo covers an area of 220 hectares and is divided into several sections, each focusing on a different part of the animal kingdom.One of the most interesting sections of the zoo is the Primate House. Here, visitors can observe various species of monkeys, such as the Macaque and the Rhesus macaque. These primates are known for their intelligence and social behavior. Another highlight is the Elephants and Lions section, where you can see these majestic creatures up close. The zoo also has a special section for endangered animals, where visitors can learn about conservation efforts and the importance of protecting wildlife.Question 1: What is the main purpose of the Shanghai Zoo?A. To provide entertainment for visitors.B. To educate people about wildlife and conservation.C. To sell animals to tourists.D. To offer a place for people to exercise.Question 2: How many hectares does the Shanghai Zoo cover?A. 50 hectaresB. 100 hectaresC. 220 hectaresD. 500 hectaresQuestion 3: Which section of the zoo is known for housing intelligent primates?A. The Elephants and Lions sectionB. The Endangered Animals sectionC. The Primate HouseD. The Birds sectionAnswer Key:1.B. To educate people about wildlife and conservation.2.C. 220 hectares3.C. The Primate House五、写作题（16分）Section Five: Writing (Writing)Instructions:Write a short passage about your favorite book. Include the title, the author, why you enjoy it, and any memorable scenes or characters. Your passage should be at least 50 words.Example:My favorite book is “Charlotte’s Web” by E.B. White. This book tells the storyof a little girl named Fern, who saves her pet pig, Wilbur, from being sold to a slaughterhouse. Wilbur becomes a pig for a fair, and Charlotte, a friendly spider living on the farm, becomes his friend. They both become great friends, and Charlotte helps Wilbur win a prize at the fair by writing wonderful words in her web. I love this book because it shows that true friendship is more important than material things. Especially, the story of the spider and the pig is so heart-warming and touching.Analysis:•Content: Ensure the passage includes the title, author, and personal reasons for enjoying the book, along with memorable scenes or characters.•Structure: The example is organized clearly into sections about the book’s content, the author, and th e personal connection to the story.•Vocabulary & Grammar: The example uses appropriate vocabulary for a Grade5 student, along with proper grammar and sentence structure.•Length: The example meets the 50-word requirement, which helps students understand the minimum length necessary.•Cohesion: The writing shows a clear flow of ideas and maintains coherence throughout the passage.This writing task tests students’ ability to write a short, coherent passage based on a chosen book and to use appropriate language and content.。

2023年教师资格之中学英语学科知识与教学能力题库及精品答案单选题（共100题）1、请阅读Passage 2，完成第小题。

A.hoaxB.hard workC.irksome taskD.special mission【答案】 A2、 Listening to loud music at rock concerts__________caused hearing loss in some teenagers．A.isB.areC.hasD.have【答案】 C3、Evidence came up ____ specific sounds are recognized by babies as young as six months old.A.whatB.thatC.whichD.whose【答案】 B4、Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word "ambient" in Paragraph 2?A.SurroundingB.FamiliarC.ForeignD.Local【答案】 A5、Without your help, we would not __________ the work in time.A.have completedB.had completedpletedpleting【答案】 A6、Which of the following about teaching assessment isinappropriate?A.Diagnostic assessment is a kind of test carried out after a teaching activityB.Formative assessment should be student-orientedC.Summative assessment is often carried out at the end of a termD.Portfolios,daily reports,and delivering speeches are all formative assessment【答案】 A7、Which of the following activities does not belong topre-reading activities?A.scanningB.setting the sceneC.skimmingD.paraphrasing【答案】 D8、Everyone knows that English departments are in trouble, but you can't appreciate just howmuch trouble until you read the new report from the Modern Language Association. The report is about Ph.D. programs, which have been indecline since 2008. These programs have gotten both more difficult and less rewarding: today, it can take almost a decade to get a doctorate, and, at the end of your program, you're unlikely to find a tenure-track job.A.The idea of designing a shorter programB.The completion of a degree in five yearsC.The idea of drafting a shorter dissertationD.The suggestions given in the M.L.A. report【答案】 A9、请阅读Passage l。

Respecting differences is a fundamental aspect of building a harmonious and prosperous future.In our increasingly globalized world,it is essential for individuals to embrace the diversity that surrounds them.This essay will explore the importance of respecting differences and how it contributes to a better future for all.Firstly,respecting differences fosters a sense of unity and cooperation.When people acknowledge and appreciate the unique qualities that each individual brings to the table, they are more likely to work together effectively.This collaborative spirit is crucial in addressing the complex challenges that our world faces today,such as climate change, poverty,and inequality.Secondly,valuing diversity promotes creativity and innovation.A diverse group of individuals with different perspectives,experiences,and ideas can generate more creative solutions to problems than a homogeneous group.By respecting and incorporating these diverse viewpoints,we can develop more effective strategies to tackle global issues and drive progress.Thirdly,embracing differences encourages tolerance and understanding.When we respect the beliefs,customs,and values of others,we learn to be more openminded and accepting of different ways of life.This tolerance helps to reduce conflicts and promote peace among different communities and nations.Moreover,respecting differences is essential for personal growth and development. Engaging with people from different backgrounds and cultures can broaden our horizons and challenge our preconceived notions.This exposure to new ideas and perspectives can lead to a more wellrounded and enlightened worldview.In conclusion,respecting differences is a vital component in building a brighter future for all.It fosters unity,creativity,tolerance,and personal growth.By embracing diversity and valuing the unique contributions of each individual,we can work together to overcome global challenges and create a more harmonious and prosperous world.。