UNIT3
Vocabulary
I. 1. 1)generously
2) physically
3) structure
4) partition
5) blurted out
6) chuckling
7) pried
8) prospective
9) jet
10) sparkled
11) took a crack at
12) partner
13) made a (big) difference
14) beyond his wildest dream.
15) employment
2. 1) go after
2) look back on/at
3) be put up
4) count on
5) was handed down
6) follow up
7) bring about
8) broke into
3. 1) Mary's parents grilled her about where she had been all night.
2) In order to meet the deadline, we worked 48 hours without sleep and finally made it.
3) The translation of the popular novel has just finished and a Chinese version will be in
readers' hands soon.
4) As with anything else, it is important to do your homework before going on an interview.
5) Jim's car broke down last week and the repair cost was in the neighborhood of 150
dollars.
4. 1) The director of the Urban Development Office will interview the two local applicants, as
well as the two other candidates recommended by the staff committee this afternoon, to pick out the prospective designer for the construction of the city square.
2) In the endeavor to clean up the river before the deadline set for this important municipal
project, the project manager has tried every possible means to go after the best engineers for the work.
3) Time is money, as the sa in oes. People in my age bracket often want to have a crack at
everything new, but they just cannot afford the time and energy.
II. Words with Multiple Meanings
1. When in Rome, do as the Romans do. (behave)
2. Richard suggested I keep all my friends' addresses on my computer, as he does his. (used to avoid repetition)
3. Elizabeth told her daughter that if she did the bathroom, the kitchen and the living room, she would get $10.00 every week. (clean)
4. Since the Smiths' business is doing well, they are thinking of starting a similar type of business in Canada. (get along)
5. If you are prepared, you can certainly do the job. (perform or complete )
6. Knowing what you cannot do is more important than knowing what you can. (perform or complete
7. When I asked John why he does philosophy interesting. (study)
8. he said that he does it simply because he finds it A small piece of cake will do for me, thanks. (be enough)
9. Leisure is a beautiful garment, but it will not do for constant wear. (be acceptable)
III. Usage
1. There is so much to say and it is hard to know where to begin. OK, I'll talk about myself first.
2. Thank you very much, John, for your beautiful Christmas card. By the way, I have some-
thing here for you.
3. The new computer language can be quite easily understood by anyone who can read the daily newspaper. Now, why is this an advantage?
4. I'm going to work out the outline and will let you know how it goes. By the way, I will see you in February, as I plan to attend your seminar in Shanghai.
5. OK, you got the job. Now, how to maximize your profits with as little effort as possible?
6. Chris has been back from Australia. Incidentally, those pictures you sent me are wonderful
Structure
1. 1) As I see it / From my standpoint / In my opinion, the institution needs better management rather than more money.
2) As I see it / From my standpoint / In my opinion, our schools have focused on tests to such
an extent that the students hardly have any time left to participate in creative activities.
3) From my standpoint / As I see it / In my opinion, we can't judge people by appearance only,
because clothes don't always reflect someone's personality.
4) From my standpoint / As I see it / In my opinion, talent just comes from doing something
often enough.
2. 1) Sleep is a never ending task that has to be done at least once every couple of days, if not every day.
2) As I see it, pre-school children who are taught at home by their parents do at least as well as, if not better than, those educated at nursery schools.
3) It is difficult, if not impossible, for most people to think otherwise than in the fashion of their own period.
4) I have reasons to believe that most applicants, if not all of them, will have done their homework before the interview.
Comprehensive exercises
I. Cloze
(A)
1. prospective
2. interview
3. As I see it
4. done your homework
5. endeavor
6. structure
7. take a crack
8. from the standpoint
9. employment
10. deadline
11. make a difference
12. follow up
(B)
1. matter
2. to
3. not
4. possible
5. can
6. interview
7. ask
8. copies
9. If
10. preparing
11. what
12. kinds
13. take
14. Prior
15. whether
16. fit
II. Translation
Well begun is half done, as the saying goes. It is extremely important for a job applicant to do his homework while seeking employment. From my standpoint, whether or not one has done his homework clearly makes a difference in his chance of success.
I have a friend who is earning somewhere in the neighborhood of I00 thousand dollars a year in a large computer software company. He told me that from his own experience the decision
makers who interview prospective employees like people who are well prepared. Those who make no endeavor to learn as much about his prospective employer as possible don't have much of a chance of success.
UNIT4
V ocabulary
I. 1. 1) plural 2) debt
3) thesis 4) inevitably
5) historical 6) precedents
7) constructive 8) destructive
9) ethnic 10) combination
11) stagnant 12) destiny
13) discourage 14) from the perspective of
15) in the (medical) sense
2. 1) leave behind 2) show up
3) go over 4) knock off
5) Leave (them) alone 6) fading away
7) took in 8) keep up with
3. 1) Cooperation between nurse and patient is essential for infection in the hospital to be kept effectively under control.
2) Chinese people in ancient times had a sense that their country was at the center of the world and so called it "the Middle Kingdom".
3) A strong network of mentors, women and men, has helped me at various stages in my career.
4) We need to have/develop a conception of ourselves in the universe not as the master species but as the servant species: as the one being given responsibility for the whole and for the good of the whole.
5) We have cut the remark out of the program lest it should offend the listeners.
4. 1) With the economy in decline, a negative, pessimistic mentality will continue to undervalue good and profitable companies, thus paralyzing the stock market.
2) In his business style he bears many of the characteristics of an immigrant -- including a strong, sometimes ruthless, desire to succeed. Maybe that is why he has achieved such unbelievable success.
3) Scholars of Confucianism are agreed that it is not so much a religion as a guide to a system of political organization, which emphasizes the values of cooperation with others and readiness to compromise and submerge one's own ideas in a broader and more popularly acceptable solution.
II. Confusable Words
1. like/as
2. as
3. like
4. like/as
5. as/like
6. as
7. like 8. as
III. Usage
I Historically speaking, it was mountaineers from Britain who opened up the central part of the valley in the heyday of Victorian adventure.
2. Scientifically speaking, the experiment is of great interest.
3. Generally speaking, it will take about three weeks to build the model.
4. Strictly speaking, no language is completely translatable into another.
Structure
1. 1) It is very useful knowing several foreign languages when you are traveling abroad.
2) It is quite futile trying to reason with him -- he just won't listen.
3) It is funny watching Granny ~dancing such a lively dance.
4) It is nice working with her.
2. 1) his determination to realize his ideals
2) a desire to follow in his footsteps.
3) reached a decision to walk back
4) failure to properly educate its children
Comprehensive Exercises
I. Cloze
(A)
1. on the decline
2. historical
3. for the first time
4. mentality
5. essential
6. discouraged
7. destiny 8. immigrants
9. ethnic 10. combination
(B) 1. born 2. about
3. against
4. because
5. Only
6. would
7. then 8. not
9. time 10. if
11. come 12. ones
13. raised/born 14. here
15. so/therefore 16. both
17. to
II. Translation
Professor Huntington's paper greatly inspired me. According to him, in a plural/pluralistic society, there will inevitably be different opinions. The key is to deal with them in such a way that they can play a constructive rather than destructive role.
He argues that in a plural/pluralistic society we must stress/attach importance to interpersonal relationships, cooperation, and looking at issues from the perspective of other people.
If some groups regard themselves as superior and treat other ethnic groups or religions with disrespect, the whole society may be paralyzed.
I am convinced that if we put into practice the ideas mentioned above, then there is the possibility of creating a new civilization.
UNIT5
V ocabulary
I. 1. 1) In a way 2) clapping
3) elderly 4) in accordance with
5) vacancy 6) funks
7) current 8) in good condition
9) transparent 10) rub
11) spicy 12) hitherto
13) committed 14) with (a) very bad grace
15) instinct
2. 1) turned up 2) stuck to
3) brought back 4) settled down
5) driving at 6) put (them) away
7) touch on/upon 8) bear (me) out
3. 1) She has a very weak constitution -- she may not be able to survive the operation.
2) I was taken aback by the insurance company's rejection of my claim.
3) It was something of a surprise when we ran into each other in a place like that.
4) My hair needs trimming/to be trimmed-- it's getting too long.
5) Appearances are often deceptive.
4. 1) Mr. Smith used to be a successful retailer in our community. Oddly enough he went broke overnight some time ago. The other day when I saw him wandering on the street, I was greatly shocked to find his hair all white and his face wrinkled. I was sad to see that he had gone all to pieces.
2) Marie gave me a definite reply via email; evidently she wouldn't be able to accept my invitation. I was a trifle disappointed.
3) When he finished shaving, Sterling would look at himself in the mirror again, stroking his chin with his hand. Then he would sit on a sofa sipping a cup of coffee.
II. Usage
1. Except for
2. except that
3. except
4. except when
5. except to
6. except what
7. except where 8. except that
III. American and British English
Structure
1. 1) He'll accept the job unless the salary's too low.
2) Unless she comes soon, I'm going without her.
3) Milk quickly turns sour unless it's refrigerated.
4) Unless we are told to stop, we will carry on selling the furniture.
2. 1) If you happen to pass a baker's, pick me up a brown loaf.
2) Fortunately it happened that no one was in the house at the time of the explosion.
3) Peter happened to be speaking to me about his would-be mother-in-law./It happened that Peter was speaking to me about his would-be mother-in-law when she came in.
4) She happened to be out./It happened that she was out when he called.
Comprehensive exercises
I. Cloze
(A)
1. insane
2. committed
3. current
4. was taken aback
5. in good condition
6. constitution
7. go all to pieces 8. gone broke
9. vacancy 10. mild
11. funk 12. deceptive
(B)
1. range
2. to
3. called
4. Although
5. as
6. rural
7. below 8. understanding
9. suffer 10. but
11. other 12. it
13. emotional 14. no
15. from 16. into
17. at 18. reduce
19. basis 20. about/of
II. Translation
For my own part, I should certainly hesitate to hire a clerk on his face/appearance alone. Appearances are all too often deceptive. For instance, you might well commit an error in judgment if you went by appearances only with people like Edward Hyde Burton, the character created by Maugham. As far as appearance and manners were concerned, Burton seemed a man all of a piece. He was a tiny little fellow with white hair and mild blue eyes. Kind, gentle and candid, he was described by many as one of the most respectable people on earth. Nevertheless, he turned out to be cruel to a friend in need of his help. He insulted and fooled Turner who was down and out and made him commit himself to an insane venture. What was still more surprising was that he was completely indifferent to Turner's death. Without doubt, Burton was a man with a heart of stone.
UNIT6
V ocabulary I.
1. 1) appliance 2) comparative
3) multiply 4) oblige
5) prosperity 6) in reality
7) aircraft 8) volunteers
9) a handful of 10) distribution
11) famine 12) large quantities of/a large quantity of
13) widespread 14) streamline
15) provoke
2. 1) take back 2) cling to
3) stand out/stood out 4) set aside
5) set about 6) switch off
7) amount to 8) poured in
3. 1 ) The unemployment rate is forecast to be below average next year, which at the moment is 4
percent.
2) There seems to be some confusion over who is actually giving the talk as both men are
speaking to the audience.
3) Efforts to enter the building and find the baby girl proved futile as rescuers were driven out
by the heat and flames.
4) The board was urged to divert some of its attention from controlling production and get
more involved with demand issues.
5) Losing just one or two items of expensive clothing can really eat heavily into your profits
when you are selling suits at ￡900 and dresses at ￡2,000.
4. 1) After two days' discussion, industry leaders who took part in the forum concluded that the
most common reason for a company to 'go international' was insufficient growth in the domestic market, mostly due to a shortage of financial back-up from the local government.
2) There is an abundance of evidence showing that in the eleventh and twelfth centuries, in
almost every corner of Europe the area under the plough was expanding, villages were springing up, new lands were being colonized, and the frontiers of Europe were being pressed forwards and outwards.
3) Has the ever-increasing pace of modern living gotten you down? Has the quest for more
money and more excitement become a burden in your life? Surveys show that today a lot of Americans feel weary of being knocked backwards and sideways just because they are always on the go/seem forever on the go. In their crazy search for fulfillment, they've gotten themselves into situations in which they are not able to cope.
II. Confusable Words
1. 1) nervousness 2) tension
3) stress, stress/tension 4) tension
2. 1) honorary 2) Honorable
3) honorable 4) honorary
5) honorable 6) honorary
III. Usage
1) Dealing with the extinction crisis is no simple matter. Is it sensible, we may ask, to spend
large sums of money to save some species -- be it an elephant or an orchid -- in a nation in which a large proportion of the population is living below the poverty line?
2) This new technology could be used anywhere large numbers of people need to be quickly
screened -- at airports, train stations, bus terminals or border crossings. However, experts suspect, there is also the risk that people will learn to fool the machine the same way they try to fool polygraph (测谎器) readings by controlling their breath or taking drugs to relax
themselves.
3) With a high percentage of marriages ending in divorce, often due to financial difficulties,
you would say that money is a big factor in making a good marriage. But, believe it or not, it isn't money that ensures you a happy marriage; it is your philosophy of life that does.
4) Not all the risks on the Internet are sexual, you know. Sites promoting violence are just a
click away, and may include instructions for making bombs and other destructive devices.
Structure
1. 1) Philosophical essays and translations apart, Mr. Sinclair's early literary production also
covered poetry and short stories.
2) Interest in computer science apart, Michael has an enduring love of the arts, especially
music and painting.
3) Handsome reward apart, the work can be thoroughly enjoyable and rewarding in its own
right.
4) Good looks apart, there is a quality about her that makes her stand out from all the other
girls in the class.
2. 1) What I am convinced of is that the world's population will grow to an unforeseen extent.
2) The service that we can provide for our customers is what we really care about and our staff
make every effort to maintain as high standards as possible.
3) He may have traveled all over the world, yet what most often emerges in his dreams are not
the mountains he has climbed nor the oceans he has crossed, but the narrow, winding lanes he used to pass through and the rivers he used to catch frogs in as a child.
4) The billionaire said in a recent TV interview that money is not like eggs he could hatch
chickens from. Money is just something he would hold onto for a little while and pass on to someone who needs it more than he does.
Comprehensive Exercises
I. Cloze
(A)
1. switch off
2. obliged
3. on the go
4. stress
5. cope
6. shortage
7. widespread 8. large quantity of
9. pouring in 10. a handful of
11. fraction 12. futile
(B)
1) to 2) else's
3) in 4) because
5) where 6) how
7) among 8) everything/all/what
9) That 10) schedule/allot
11) sticking 12) where/what
13) once / when 14) doesn't
15) the 16) in/under
17) all/what 18) effectively
II. Translation
There is no question that today we are under constant pressure to work longer hours, to produce more, to possess more, and to become a success. Workaholism, a modem addiction, has thus arisen. The cause of workaholism is the perception that by working longer hours and completing more projects, we will enhance our self-worth.
Many women today feel the same stress to produce and get ahead and, at the same time, to nurture their offspring and shoulder a variety of domestic responsibilities. Research shows that workaholism tends to distance us from our immediate families. It forces us to labor longer and longer hours, leaving a minute fraction of time to be physically and emotionally available to our loved ones. Intimacy among family members is doomed to die in the process.
UNIT7
V ocabulary
I. 1. 1) faxed 2) boom
3) jogs 4) contending
5) span 6) hiking
7) pertinent 8) adolescents
9) tags 10) weaves
11) all of a sudden 12) statistical
13) string 14) disapproving
15) recurs
2. 1) had backed up 2) went off
3) is held up 4) settle for
5) be laid up 6) strike out
7) reflect on 8) applied for
3. 1) The infant mortality rate is very high in the poorest areas of Africa.
2) Why pay a repairman when we can fix it by ourselves for nothing?
3) It was unusual that John was among the few who arrived early at yesterday's party, for
which he was praised by the hostess.
4) These old houses need a lot of maintenance whatever the cost.
5) Looking out of the window we found the lake (was) enveloped in thick fog.
4. 1) He pondered for a few moments before he made up his mind to fax Bill the statistical
evidence that could be used to back up his argument.
2) It takes much imagination to realize how these ordinary working women skillfully weave
such beautiful and unusual patterns in fabrics.
3) I recently got a thorough maintenance check on my new Buick for nothing from the car
dealer from whom I bought it about half a year ago.
II. Collocation
1. a little of
2. a few / a few of the; most of/many of
3. much
4. few
5. many
6. many of/most of
7. much of 8. little
III. Usage
1. All I did was fax her the paper so as to let her decide what to do.
2. What you need to do is write a follow-up letter after the interview to indicate your eagerness to join the company.
3. "All you ever want to do is go shopping," Tim shouted at his wife.
4. All I did was touch the window, and it broke.
5. What the publisher did was cash in on the chance to promote his new textbooks.
6. What we'll do is leave a note for Bob to tell him we'll be back in time for the dinner party. Structure
1. 1) "You seem to like smoking a pipe, don't you? Did you use to like it before?" asked Phil.
2) Life here is much easier than it used to be.
3) We used to be able to walk around the town at night without fear of being mugged. But now
no one dares to go out after dark.
4) You don't come and See us as you used to.
2. 1) It seems they don't care whether the deal is profitable or not.
2) She doesn't care who teaches so long as he/she teaches well.
3) Don't fuss about it. No one cares how you dress.
4) Most people don't seem to care when/where/how the conference will be held.
Comprehensive Exercises
I. Cloze
(A)
1. reflect on
2. span
3. fax
4. imagination
5. boom
6. statistical
7. back up 8. contends
9. recurring 10. send in
11. weave
(B) 1. told 2. of
3. What
4. on
5. think
6. But
7. When 8. also
9. declares i0. itself
11. what 12. will
13. not 14. What
15. war 16. cannot
17. every 18. But
19. ways 20. than
II. Translation
A severe earthquake occurred all of a sudden at 10a.m. yesterday in a rural area, about 200 kilometers east of the city. Initial reports coming out of the region indicate the earthquake has caused widespread devastation/damage and heavy casualties. Many adolescents were among those injured or killed. Yet it remains obscure exactly how many people were hurt and killed as the entire area has been enveloped in rubble. However, one thing is certain: many of the survivors may face years of pain and suffering. Local people were clearly shaken by this reminder of their mortality. Some religious ones have gathered to pray that it will never recur.
In a world where so many lives are being torn apart by divorces and heartaches, comes a story of a father and a daughter, and a promise that was kept. 现今，离婚和关系破裂粉碎了无数人的人生，然而在这样的一个时世，有着这么一个关于一对父女信守承诺的故事。 My father was not a sentimental man. I don’t remember him ever “ooohhing” or “ahhing” over something I made as a child. Don’t get me wrong; I knew that my dad loved me, but getting all 1)mushy-eyed was not his thing. I learned that he showed me love in other ways. 我父亲不善表露感情。我记得在我小时候，他从来不为我做的任何事情而发出“噢噢噢”或者“啊啊啊”之类的感叹。不要误会我的意思；我知道我父亲是爱我的，但是将感情外露不是他的性格。我知道他通过其他方式表达对我的爱。 There was one particular time in my life when this became real to me... 在我人生中，只有这么一回让我感受到他的爱是如此的真实…… I always believed that my parents had a good marriage, but just before I, the youngest of four children, turned sixteen, my belief was sorely tested. My father, who used to share in the 2)chores around the house, gradually started becoming 3)despondent. From the time he came home from his job at the factory to the time he went to bed, he hardly spoke a word to my mom or us kids. The 4)strain on my mom and dad’s
上课 时间 上课节次课型Required Course 课题Unit 1 My first Job 教学目的1. Functions: greetings ＆farewells 2. Grammatical points: this/that be + n. or adj. 3. Vocabulary: run, offer, except for, figure, promote, you’d better, how about, as far as … is concerned, take a day off, bring in, beam 教学 方法 Classroom Instruction讲授、问答、讨论、模仿、练习、任务型教学活动 重点难点1. Practice different ways of greeting and introducing /identifying people 2. Learn to understand and talk about value system in western culture, such as team spirit and royalty, through reading, discussion and task-based activities. 时间分配教学内容 板书或课件版面 设计 2 periods Part I Listening and Speaking Activities Step 1 warming-up exercises 1.Duty report Ask the student talk about his or her feelings towards college life. Step2 lead-in 1.bring a few pictures of my family to the class for teaching introduction. 2.explain my family name, given name and what you prefer to be called by my students. https://www.doczj.com/doc/8417339081.html,ing pictures to teach “this is /that is” 4.ask students to play “a passing ball game” to practise these two sentences pattern. Step 3 Listening activity 1.practise the classroom English. 2.Have the students listen to the conversation twice. Work individually to answer the questions. 3.check the answers for the class. Step 4 Speaking activity Conversation 1 1.explain that friendly greetings can be followed by an offer of help: Hi, may I help you? 2.explain that possible responses may be: No. Thank you. I have been helped. I’m being helped. 3.explain the language in conversation one by using Useful Structures and Expressions. https://www.doczj.com/doc/8417339081.html,anize reading aloud practice and correct pronunciation problems. 5.have students make a new conversation by using the substitutes word. 6.have some students present the conversation(s) they have made up. Conversation 2 1.explain the language in Conversation 2 2.have the students read aloud, check their pronunciation. 3.encourage the students to make a new conversation by using the substitutes. Notes Family name: the name shared by the members of a family Given name: the name given to a child by the child’s parents The train will be arriving at Shanghai: will +be +v-ing, the future continuous tense for a scheduled event which is coming soon It’s been nice talking to you: in American English, people also use It’s been nice to talk to you. Have a happy landing: a farewell used only to people who are going to make a plane trip 、 管 路 敷 设 技 术 通 过 管 线 敷 设 技 术 不 仅 可 以 解 决 吊 顶 层 配 置 不 规 范 高 中 资 料 试 卷 问 题 ， 而 且 可 保 障 各 类 管 路 习 题 到 位 。 在 管 路 敷 设 过 程 中 ， 要 加 强 看 护 关 于 管 路 高 中 资 料 试 卷 连 接 管 口 处 理 高 中 资 料 试 卷 弯 扁 度 固 定 盒 位 置 保 护 层 防 腐 跨 接 地 线 弯 曲 半 径 标 高 等 ， 要 求 技 术 交 底 。 管 线 敷 设 技 术 中 包 含 线 槽 、 管 架 等 多 项 方 式 ， 为 解 决 高 中 语 文 电 气 课 件 中 管 壁 薄 、 接 口 不 严 等 问 题 ， 合 理 利 用 管 线 敷 设 技 术 。 线 缆 敷 设 原 则 ： 在 分 线 盒 处 ， 当 不 同 电 压 回 路 交 叉 时 ， 应 采 用 金 属 隔 板 进 行 隔 开 处 理 ； 同 一 线 槽 内 ， 强 电 回 路 须 同 时 切 断 习 题 电 源 ， 线 缆 敷 设 完 毕 ， 要 进 行 检 查 和 检 测 处 理 。 、 电 气 课 件 中 调 试 对 全 部 高 中 资 料 试 卷 电 气 设 备 ， 在 安 装 过 程 中 以 及 安 装 结 束 后 进 行 高 中 资 料 试 卷 调 整 试 验 ； 通 电 检 查 所 有 设 备 高 中 资 料 试 卷 相 互 作 用 与 相 互 关 系 ， 根 据 生 产 工 艺 高 中 资 料 试 卷 要 求 ， 对 电 气 设 备 进 行 空 载 与 带 负 荷 下 高 中 资 料 试 卷 调 控 试 验 ； 对 设 备 进 行 调 整 使 其 在 正 常 工 况 下 与 过 度 工 作 下 都 可 以 正 常 工 作 ； 对 于 继 电 保 护 进 行 整 核 对 定 值 ， 审 核 与 校 对 图 纸 ， 编 写 复 杂 设 备 与 装 置 高 中 资 料 试 卷 调 试 方 案 ， 编 写 重 要 设 备 高 中 资 料 试 卷 试 验 方 案 以 及 系 统 启 动 方 案 ； 对 整 套 启 动 过 程 中 高 中 资 料 试 卷 电 气 设 备 进 行 调 试 工 作 并 且 进 行 过 关 运 行 高 中 资 料 试 卷 技 术 指 导 。 对 于 调 试 过 程 中 高 中 资 料 试 卷 技 术 问 题 ， 作 为 调 试 人 员 ， 需 要 在 事 前 掌 握 图 纸 资 料 、 设 备 制 造 厂 家 出 具 高 中 资 料 试 卷 试 验 报 告 与 相 关 技 术 资 料 ， 并 且 了 解 现 场 设 备 高 中 资 料 试 卷 布 置 情 况 与 有 关 高 中 资 料 试 卷 电 气 系 统 接 线 等 情 况 ， 然 后 根 据 规 范 与 规 程 规 定 ， 制 定 设 备 调 试 高 中 资 料 试 卷 方 案 。 、 电 气 设 备 调 试 高 中 资 料 试 卷 技 术 电 力 保 护 装 置 调 试 技 术 ， 电 力 保 护 高 中 资 料 试 卷 配 置 技 术 是 指 机 组 在 进 行 继 电 保 护 高 中 资 料 试 卷 总 体 配 置 时 ， 需 要 在 最 大 限 度 内 来 确 保 机 组 高 中 资 料 试 卷 安 全 ， 并 且 尽 可 能 地 缩 小 故 障 高 中 资 料 试 卷 破 坏 范 围 ， 或 者 对 某 些 异 常 高 中 资 料 试 卷 工 况 进 行 自 动 处 理 ， 尤 其 要 避 免 错 误 高 中 资 料 试 卷 保 护 装 置 动 作 ， 并 且 拒 绝 动 作 ， 来 避 免 不 必 要 高 中 资 料 试 卷 突 然 停 机 。 因 此 ， 电 力 高 中 资 料 试 卷 保 护 装 置 调 试 技 术 ， 要 求 电 力 保 护 装 置 做 到 准 确 灵 活 。 对 于 差 动 保 护 装 置 高 中 资 料 试 卷 调 试 技 术 是 指 发 电 机 一 变 压 器 组 在 发 生 内 部 故 障 时 ， 需 要 进 行 外 部 电 源 高 中 资 料 试 卷 切 除 从 而 采 用 高 中 资 料 试 卷 主 要 保 护 装 置 。
Key to Exercises of Book 3 of New College English Unit 1 Vocabulary I. 1. On balance 2. resist 3. haul 4. wicked 5. illustrated 6. budget 7. lowering 8. boundary 9. involved 10. economic 11. blasting 12. just about II. 1. cut back / down 2. pick up 3. get by 4. get through 5. face up to 6. turn in 7. making up for 8. think up III. 1.pursued his mathematical studies and taught himself astronomy. 2.often generated misleading thoughts. 3.attach great importance to combining theory with practice in our work. 4.be suspected of doing everything for money. 5.before he gets through life. IV. 1.…their indoor… a profit… to invest in 2.…device… the improvement… on a global scale 3.…stacked… temptation… never dined out Confusable words I. 1. house 2. Home 3. home…family 4. household II. 1. doubt 2. suspected 3. doubted 4. suspected 5. suspect Word Formation 1. rise 2. final 3. regular 4. cash 5. hows …whys 6. upped 7. yellowed 8. bottled 9. lower 10. search Comprehensive Exercise I. 1. gets by 2. temptation 3. get through 4. improvement 5. aside from 6. suspect 7. supplement 8. profit 9. stacking II. 1. replaced 2. consider 3. quit 4. world 5. tough 6. fuels 7. provide 8. luxuries 9. balance 10. ideal Translation I. 1.We have a problem with the computer system, but I think it’s fairly minor. 2.My father died when I was too young to live on my own. The people of my hometown took
Unit?1?普通人的胜出之道? 在大学里，Jim似乎是一个非常优秀的快速成功者。他用很少的努力取得很好的等第，他的同学评选他是“最可能成功的人”。毕业后，他有几个工作可选。? Jim进入一家大型保险公司的销售部门并且在工作之初表现很好。但他很快陷入一种停滞不前的状态，随后跳到一家更小的公司，情况同样如此。厌倦了销售工作，他开始尝试销售管理。然而之前的模式又发生了：他深受喜爱，被认为是一个能快速成功的人，但他很快就只能像哑炮一样只能发出微弱的嘶嘶声了。现在他为另外一家公司卖保险，并且疑惑他为什么不能做得更好。? Joseph?D'Arrigo是另外一个例子。“我总把我自己看作是一个普通人，”D'Arrigo告诉我。“我进入寿险这一行，做得还算不错。我有幸与几个最棒的寿险推销员一起被指任为一委员会委员。一时间我吓得要命。”? 当他开始了解这些成功者时，D'Arrigo意识到了什么：“他们并没有比我有更高的天赋。他们也是普通人，只是他们把眼光放高一些，然后找到了实现他们目标的途径。”他还意识到了更多的东西：“如果其他普通人可以梦想远大的梦想，我也可以。”现在他自己拥有一个市值数百万美元的专营员工福利的公司。? 为什么像D'Arrigo这样的普通人似乎经常能比像Jim一样的人取得更多的成功呢？为了找出其中的原因，在我作为公司咨询者的工作中，我与超过190个人进行了面谈。非正式调查的结果为我证实了Theodore?Roosevelt曾经说过的话：“成功的普通人不是天才，他仅仅拥有平凡品质，但他将他的那些平凡品质发展到超出常人的水平。”?我坚信那些胜出的普通人有以下特点：?懂得自律。“你不需要成功的天赋，”科罗拉多州丹佛市Porter纪念医院的首席执行官，因扭转经营不善的医院而获得名望的Irwin?C.?Hansen?强调“你的全部所需是一大罐胶水。你在你的椅子上涂上一些，在裤子的臀部涂上一些，然后坐在上面，坚持做每一件事直到你做到了你自己的最好。”? 一般的成功人士为了将来的收获，甘坐冷板凳且推迟享受。反观诸多快速成功者，他们期望太多且渴望一蹴而就。当回报不能立刻兑现时，他们就会变得灰心丧志，愁苦不堪。?五十年前，一组研究人员开始了一个雄心勃勃的长期研究，他们分析了268个男性大学生的即将走上的人生轨迹。在这些现在已经年近古稀的老人中，研究人员发现在校表现与工作能力的联系很小。而一些品质比如“沉着稳重和可以信赖”与“实践能力和组织能力”更为重要。根据现在主持研究工作的心理医生George?E.?Vaillant?的说法，一个决定性的精神习惯是他所说的“延缓而非放弃满足欲望的能力”。? 财务策划者Frances?Johansen在她的工作上也从人们管理他们的金钱以及事业的方法中领悟到了这个的原则。她讲述了两对与她商议过的夫妇。一对是从事专业性工作的夫妇，两人都是大学学历的快速成功者。“他们每年能赚超过140000美元”Johansen?说“但是他们现在欠债60000美元，并且除了一大堆抵押物和账单之外没有什么能够作为他们努力工作的成果展示。然后是另外一对40多岁的夫妇，”她继续说道“他们牺牲了他们早先的几年，以最快的速度置办了一个家，之后他们做了些投资并且拥有了很多股票。现在他们住在一个温馨的家中，也再也不用过那些精打细算的日子了。”这家的男主人是一个蓝领，“只有一个中学文凭，”Johansen?提到。“但他十分努力地工作，用自律和耐心一步一步的建立他的事业。”?表现人们最好的一面。曾经的南加州大学洛杉矶分校校长，后任《镜报》首席执行官的Franklin?Murphy直率地说：他的成功是建立在别人天赋的基础上的。“我一直在寻找那些有天赋，能自律的人。然后培养他们的爱心和忠诚。我招募他们，激励他们，每当我们取得什么成绩时，我与他们一起分享荣誉。
---------------------------------------------------------------最新资料推荐------------------------------------------------------ 《全新版大学英语阅读教程4(高级本)》课文翻译 《全新版大学英语阅读教程 4（高级本）》 ------普通高等教育“十五”国家级规划教材译文（部分） 1.The Campers at Kitty Hawk 在这篇文章中，John Dos Passos 运用散文和诗歌两种文学形式，讲述了莱特兄弟制造的世界上第一架飞机，这是人类历史上最重要的里程碑之一。 他还描述了杰出的莱特兄弟的生活，他们去 kitty Hawk 不是为了野营，而是去完成一个听起来不可能的事情。 1903 年 12 月 17 日,住在俄亥俄州代顿市霍桑街一幢木头房子里的兄弟联合会主教、曾任《宗教嘹望》报编辑的莱特先生收到了他的儿子威尔伯和奥维尔发来的电报。 他们两个突发奇想, 去北卡罗来纳州海岸沙丘上的一个小宿营地度假 ,给自己匆忙赶制的滑翔机做一些修补。 电文：周四早成功四次飞行，在 21mile/hour 从水平面起飞，仅靠引擎力量启动，平均 31mile/hour 最长 57 秒。 数字有点出入，因为电报员误读了奥维夫的潦字。 但事实并没改变，来自 dayton，俄亥俄州的两个单车修理工设计，建造，并试飞了一架真正的飞机。 电机预热几分钟后，我松了拉住飞机在跑道的绳，飞机迎风冲去。 韦伯扶着机翼跑以保持机身的平衡，以免跑出跑道。 不像 14 号那天，今天电机平静的向前稳行，直面 27M/H 的风。 1/ 6
英语泛读教程4 第三版 Unit1天才与工匠 许多人羡慕作家们的精彩小说，但却很少有人知道作家们是如何辛勤笔耕才使一篇小说问世的。以下的短文将讨论小说的酝酿过程，以及作家是如何将这小说雕琢成一件精致完美的艺术品。 有一次，我在暮色中来到小树林边一棵鲜花盛开的小桃树前。我久久站在那里凝视着，直到最后一道光线消逝。我看不到那树原先的模样，看不见曾穿透果核，能崩碎你的牙齿的力量，也看不到那使它与橡树和绿草相区别的原则。显现在我面前的，是一种深邃而神秘的魅力。当读者读到一部杰出的小说时，他也会这样如痴如狂，欲将小说字字句句刻骨铭心，不提出任何问题。 但即使是个初学写作者也知道，除那将小说带到世上的文字之外，还有更多的构成小说生命的因素，小说的生命并不始于写作，而始于内心深处的构思。 要创作出有独创性的作品，并不要求懂得创造的功能。多少世纪以来的艺术、哲学及科学创造都出自人们的头脑，而创造者也许从未想到去关注创造的内在过程。然而，在我看来，对创造工作一定程度的了解，至少会使我们通过知道两个事实，增长我们处理正在出现的故事的智慧。 首先，天赋不是掌握了技艺的艺术家独有的特性，而是人脑的创造性功能。不仅所有对技艺的掌握都含有天赋，而且每个人都具有天赋，
无论他的天赋发展是何等不充分。对技艺的掌握是天赋的显现，是经过培养的，发展了的和受过训练的天赋。你的天赋在最原始的层面上起作用。它的任务就是创造。它是你的故事的创造者。 第二，将你的小说带进世界的文字是艺术家的工作，它就和一个泥瓦匠的工作一样，有意识、谨慎而实实在在。天赋正如理解力、记忆力和想象力一样是我们的精神禀赋中的天然部分，而技艺却不是。它必须通过实践才能学到，并要通过实践才能掌握。如果要使在我们内心深处浮现的故事跃然纸上，光彩照人，那么，每个故事都须有感染力极强的优雅文笔。只有健全的技艺才能使我们做到这一点。 一个故事是如何酝酿成的呢？据说，我们从一生中的前二十年，或许前五年起就开始写作。这可能取决于个人，而写作中的很多事都取决于个人。无论如何，童年和少年时期的清晰印象，或多或少无条件地存在于我们的记忆中，未被解释，不受约束，而且栩栩如生，永不磨灭。困惑、徬徨、畏惧、喜悦、辉煌和平庸，在各种程度上以各种形式组合在一起。这些对往事的印象在心中悸动着。它们在等待什么？是在等待某种圆满的结果？还是对它们特有的真理的认可？似乎它们的创伤需要切开，隐秘的见解需要表露，发现需要与人分享，苦恼需要承认，这种飘渺的美需要形式。 我们就这样背负着各种任务渡过一生。时而,一个常常是小小的体验，撬开了记忆之门，抓住了这些虽已年代久远，却依然栩栩如生，呼之欲出的印象。于是，故事就如种子一般开始萌动。 这种经历人人都有，却鲜为人知。然而，一旦富有创造力的作家有了
新世纪大学英语系列教材综合教程1答案 The Answers to Unit 1 Enhance Your Language Awareness (I) Working with Words and Expressions 2. (1) obtain (2) confident (3) communicate (4) advantage (5) relevant (6) helpful (7) extreme (8) enjoyable (9) means (10) process (11) particularly (12) characters (13) astonished (14) apparently 3. (1) fond of (2) is…related to (3) according to (4) To a certain degree (5) vice versa (6) no doubt (7) rid… of (8) cleared up (9) or else (10) at all costs (11) sure enough (12) let alone (13) similar to (14) It’s no use (15) in my opinion (16) was worth (II) Increasing Your Word Power 1. (1) c (2) d (3) b (4) b (5) b (6) d 2. (1) highly/very (2) quite/very (3) quite/very/increasingly (4) quite/simply/very 3.
UNIT3 Vocabulary I. 1. 1)generously 2) physically 3) structure 4) partition 5) blurted out 6) chuckling 7) pried 8) prospective 9) jet 10) sparkled 11) took a crack at 12) partner 13) made a (big) difference 14) beyond his wildest dream. 15) employment 2. 1) go after 2) look back on/at 3) be put up 4) count on 5) was handed down 6) follow up 7) bring about 8) broke into
3. 1) Mary's parents grilled her about where she had been all night. 2) In order to meet the deadline, we worked 48 hours without sleep and finally made it. 3) The translation of the popular novel has just finished and a Chinese version will be in readers' hands soon. 4) As with anything else, it is important to do your homework before going on an interview. 5) Jim's car broke down last week and the repair cost was in the neighborhood of 150 dollars. 4. 1) The director of the Urban Development Office will interview the two local applicants, as well as the two other candidates recommended by the staff committee this afternoon, to pick out the prospective designer for the construction of the city square. 2) In the endeavor to clean up the river before the deadline set for this important municipal project, the project manager has tried every possible means to go after the best engineers for the work. 3) Time is money, as the sa in oes. People in my age bracket often want to have a crack at everything new, but they just cannot afford the time and energy. II. Words with Multiple Meanings
寻找可以依靠的坚实臂膀 在美国，越来越多的老人独居。他们生病时处境通常显得很悲惨。简·格罗斯在下面的文章中指出这些老年人的问题。 每次人们在医生办公室给格雷斯·麦凯比递来一份紧急情况联系人表格时，空格处总令她心中发怵。对任何有配偶、伴侣或子女的人来说，这是个很简单的问题。但是，75岁的麦凯比女士一直独居。谁能和她一起渡过难关?情况最糟糕的时候，谁会关心她? 这些曾是假设的问题。但是现在，麦凯比女士视力越来越差，几乎完全看不见。她一直有很多朋友，但从没请过谁为她负起责任，比如，接急诊室半夜来的电话，或因为她自己不能写支票而帮助付账单。 她在所有的朋友中，选定了一个心地善良、遇事不慌、有解决问题能力的人。所以，她多次在空白处写止“夏洛特·弗兰克”，然后打电话说，“夏洛特，又把您写在单子上了，”于是，紧张时刻得到缓解。 麦凯比女士被一个鲁莽的司机撞倒在人行横道上，得了脑震荡，这时，年龄70岁，自己也独居的弗兰克女士在起居室长沙发上守了一夜。麦凯比女士再也看不清标)隹字体时，弗兰克女士给她弄了一台电脑，把字体设置到最大，这样，她就能读报纸，从商品单定购货物。 “你会发现，有些好朋友成了至交，”麦凯比女士说，“夏洛克既实际又形象地告诉我要，抓住不放，我这样做了。” 无法统计出不同年龄生病或有残疾的独居者的数字，医院安排出院的人和家庭健康照料机构说，他们服务的明显无人照顾的独居者越来越多。 人口调查报告中，单人家庭，包括从未结婚者、离婚者和丧偶者，其数目明显增加。2003年，近27％ 的美国家庭由独居者组成，高于1970年的18％，这些家庭注重的是不具有亲属的法律地位或社会地位的友谊。人口统计学家警告说，生育高峰期出生的人老年化，疾病和残疾成为老年不可避免的必然结果，这将使独居者家庭队伍壮大。 美国医院协会资深副会长詹姆斯·本特利说，独居者属于最棘手的情况。他说，任何病人或残疾人，在医院里和出院后都“需要有人负责照料他们”，但独居者在特别脆弱的时候，却是自己照料自己。 “病人不能同时想着两种角色，”他说，“但我们还没有一个好的机制来处理这个问题。” 医院里短期停留的病人增加，有时让不能自理的病人回家，这就使情况更糟。本特利先生说，医院必须找些新方法，让这类病人对面临的问题有所准备，并说独居者必须“在生病之前想一想”自己有哪些组织起来的关系网可以访问。 他说，“如果我们等到出生高峰时期出生的人需要这些的时候才来考虑，因为他们人数太多，没有办法特别处理，这是我们现在就要思考的问题，否则，到时候绝对会一团糟。”
大学英语综合教程5课后答案
大学英语综合教程5课后答案 【篇一：全新版大学英语综合教程5(第二版)unit1-8课 后答案】 bulary i. 1. allot 2. go through fire and water 3. reside 4. sobbed 5. made no mention of 6. sacrifice 7. came upon 8. rhythm 9. volume10. something of a ii. 1. i stayed on as an assistant professor. 2. i hold it to my ear because i want to hear time tick away. 3. the salary is not wonderful, but the duties are light. 4. the moral of the lesson is not to talk to strangers. 5. yes, but it cannot hold a candle to huangshan. iii. 1. the nasty smell from the kitchen made her stomach churn. 2. when she sank into drunkenness, she was able to forget her sorrow. 3. in the 1500 meters, martin and parker came first and third respectively. 4. the two hills shunner fell from the north and lovely seat from the south flank the famous butter tubs pass. 5. levi, in gratitude to joshua, gave a party for him.
Unit 4全日制工作时代的终结 1997年，“粉丝”杂志在“Fast Company”杂志的一篇文章中指出，美国有大约2500万“自由球员”。一个自由球员，非常像体育运动，是一个没有任何限制行动的承诺的人，它包括所有非专业工作。自由人也被称为合同工，顾问和自由职业者。他们没有得到医疗保险福利，失业保险或集体谈判权。根据其独特的能力，自由代理人可以根据各种项目与多个客户合作。 2011年，凯利服务发现，由于美国人希望获得更多的自由，灵活性和获得专业技能的方式，自由人的数量已经增长到4400万。最近，MBO Partners的一项研究预计到2020年可能有7000万个免费代理商，创造了一个比全职员工更多的免费代理商的工作环境。这表明我们正在从一个支持全职工作和福利的经济转向同时拥有多个工作 的经济体。 公司正在雇用更多的免费代理商，因为他们节省了资金并获得利基专长来解决具体的业务问题。这与获得福利的全职工作人员和在他们领域的通才不同。CareerBuilder报道，2009年，公司雇佣了28％的
自由职业者，而现在在2012年，他们招聘了36％。Gray＆Christmas 的Challenger首席执行官John Challenger表示：“招聘自由职业者的另一个好处是，在缓慢的时期，[公司]不必坚持下去。”公司正在向“招聘”招聘策略，远离“人生招聘”之一。 在当前的经济中，没有工作保障，专业人士随着新技术的爆炸而变得无关紧要，员工们正在跨组织建立职业，而不仅仅是走上梯子。挑战者说，雇主与员工的社会契约正在演变为“忠诚度较低，重点更重要的项目”。所以如果你是一个自由球员，或是有志于成为自由球员，这里有一些重要的技巧要记住。 与其他自由人联合 您将会遇到的最大挑战是建立一个客户项目管道，以生存和发展。当您正在寻找下一个项目时，可能会有一段时间，而不像全职演员，您的经理向您提供下一个项目。你必须是一个好的销售人员，如果你想继续业务，就能够发展关系。挑战者说，这样做的一个方法是与其他志同道合的自由球员联系成为“大师级”。这样，您就可以更好地控制外包您的专业知识。通过绑定在一起，您可以共享资源，并以更可扩展的方式与客户进行持续的互动。您应该将工作转交给其他免费代理商，因为他们将来可能会回报。通过帮助别人创造的业力将在以后
大学英语综合教程一 Unit 1 Growi ng Up Part II Lan guage Focus Vocabulary I. 1. respectable 2. agony 3. put …down 4. sequenee 5. hold back 6. distribute 7. off and on 8. vivid 9. associate 10. fin ally 11. turn in 12. tackle 2. 1. has been assigned to the newspaper 'Paris office. 2. was so extraordinary that I didn 'know whether to believe him or not. 3. a clear image of how she would look in twenty years ________
time. 4. gave the comma nd the soldiers ope ned fire. _____ 5. buying bikes we 'keep turning them out. 3. 1. reputati on, rigid, to in spire 2. and tedious, What 'more, out of date ideas 3. compose, career, avoid showing, hardly hold back □. 1. composed 2. severe 3. agony 4. extraordinary 5. recall 6. comma nd 7. was violating 8. anticipate m. 1. at 2. for 3. of 4. with 5. as
第一篇 它在1967年以美国139年获得100万人，而只有52年再增加1亿美元，返现，10月的一天，之后只有39的间隔年，美国将声称300多万灵魂。瞬间将被喻为美国的无限活力和独特的生命力的又一象征。它是这样的，当然。不过，这也是事实美国已经成长人口普查局已经采取了测量，开始于1790年，当时创始人计数今天纽约市的人口不足4百万的同胞的，大约有一半的人口每天的时间。 最近的增长飙升已经不同凡响。自2000年以来单，国家已经增加了20万人。与西欧相比，出生率暴跌，还是日本，其人口萎缩，美国只知道增长，增长，更多的增长。它现在拥有的第三大人口在世界上，中国和印度之后。“经济增长是一个问题，我们必须要管理，说：”肯尼思·普鲁伊特，人口普查局前负责人，“但它更易于管理比失去你的人口。” 仔细检查号码，三大趋势出现。首先是迁移。由于工业基地东北部和中西部的下降，数以百万计的美国人已经转移到南部和西部，现在家里一半以上的人口和不断增长强劲。移民是下一个。在过去的四十年里，移民，主要来自墨西哥和拉丁美洲，已经重塑了国家的民族构成;的最新亿美国人，根据皮尤拉美裔中心的杰弗里·帕塞尔，53％要么是移民或他们的后代。最后是大肆宣传的婴儿潮一代，现在许多人对退休的风口浪尖。美国说，非营利性的人口资料局，“越来越大，年龄大了，更加多样化。” 的影响都是巨大而多样，影响美国的文化，政治，和经济性。一个明显的例子就是对移民问题的辩论狂风暴雨涌动大会。另：由于人口流动不断，国会选区重划会随之而来，引爆电力的地域平衡。一个显着的年龄较大的美国也将对政府开支，所有这三个问题提供了新国会产生深远的影响，并太久，一个新总统之前，大量的思考。 THE NEW迁移 博伊西，落基山山麓之间爱达荷州坐向东北和大盆地沙漠南，大天空和沙漠尘土飞扬之间，博伊西一直是先锋镇。在19世纪初，传说，法裔加拿大毛皮捕手来到一个树丛，并惊呼“莱斯布瓦！” - 树林。因此博伊西长大了采矿，伐木，农耕和枢纽，首都在美国最农业州之一。 那些悠闲的日子已经一去不复返了。 1970年的人口普查报告说，爱达荷州已成为农村比城市多;仅仅几年后，美光，是世界上最大的超导生产商，现在该州最大的私人雇主，在这里成立，和惠普的打印机工厂是在路上。主业现在的增长和如何管理它。博伊西都市区的人口增长只是1990年以来洋葱，甜菜农场紧靠细分甚至没有完成一半的79％;在Chinden大道，主要动脉，一个标志，宣布“干草出售”，从一个华丽的广告标语牌新派拉蒙住房开发跨站。 对于城市规划者面临的挑战是困难，因为它是赤裸裸的：找到足够的空间，住房和就业岗位增加一倍以上，或者甚至三博伊西的大都市区的人口，53万，因为它的收费走向2030年，当人口可能达到万人。“我们今天有什么，我们必须找到空间了。......这是艰巨的，”詹姆斯说Grunke，在商会经济发展经理，正在寻找他的第八楼会议室的窗户朝脚下。 也许是艰巨的，但这样的毛白杨丰产林生长最市长的羡慕，虽然说实话不是所有Grunke的
Unit1 天才与工匠 许多人羡慕作家们的精彩小说，但却很少有人知道作家们是如何辛勤笔耕才使一篇小说问世的。以下的短文将讨论小说的酝酿过程，以及作家是如何将这小说雕琢成一件精致完美的艺术品。 有一次，我在暮色中来到小树林边一棵鲜花盛开的小桃树前。我久久站在那里凝视着，直到最后一道光线消逝。我看不到那树原先的模样，看不见曾穿透果核，能崩碎你的牙齿的力量，也看不到那使它与橡树和绿草相区别的原则。显现在我面前的，是一种深邃而神秘的魅力。 当读者读到一部杰出的小说时，他也会这样如痴如狂，欲将小说字字句句刻骨铭心，不提出任何问题。 但即使是个初学写作者也知道，除那将小说带到世上的文字之外，还有更多的构成小说生命的因素，小说的生命并不始于写作，而始于内心深处的构思。 要创作出有独创性的作品，并不要求懂得创造的功能。多少世纪以来的艺术、哲学及科学创造都出自人们的头脑，而创造者也许从未想到去关注创造的内在过程。然而，在我看来，对创造工作一定程度的了解，至少会使我们通过知道两个事实，增长我们处理正在出现的故事的智慧。 首先，天赋不是掌握了技艺的艺术家独有的特性，而是人脑的创造性功能。不仅所有对技艺的掌握都含有天赋，而且每个人都具有天赋，无论他的天赋发展是何等不充分。对技艺的掌握是天赋的显现，是经过培养的，发展了的和受过训练的天赋。你的天赋在最原始的层面上起作用。它的任务就是创造。它是你的故事的创造者。 第二，将你的小说带进世界的文字是艺术家的工作，它就和一个泥瓦匠的工作一样，有意识、谨慎而实实在在。天赋正如理解力、记忆力和想象力一样是我们的精神禀赋中的天然部分，而技艺却不是。它必须通过实践才能学到，并要通过实践才能掌握。如果要使在我们内心深处浮现的故事跃然纸上，光彩照人，那么，每个故事都须有感染力极强的优雅文笔。只有健全的技艺才能使我们做到这一点。 一个故事是如何酝酿成的呢？据说，我们从一生中的前二十年，或许前五年起就开始写作。这可能取决于个人，而写作中的很多事都取决于个人。无论如何，童年和少年时期的清晰印象，或多或少无条件地存在于我们的记忆中，未被解释，不受约束，而且栩栩如生，永不磨灭。困惑、徬徨、畏惧、喜悦、辉煌和平庸，在各种程度上以各种形式组合在一起。这些对往事的印象在心中悸动着。它们在等待什么？是在等待某种圆满的结果？还是对它们特有的真理的认可？似乎它们的创伤需要切开，隐秘的见解需要表露，发现需要与人分享，苦恼需要承认，这种飘渺的美需要形式。 我们就这样背负着各种任务渡过一生。时而,一个常常是小小的体验，撬开了记忆之门，抓住了这些虽已年代久远，却依然栩栩如生，呼之欲出的印象。于是，故事就如种子一般开始萌动。 这种经历人人都有，却鲜为人知。然而，一旦富有创造力的作家有了这种感受，他就会凝神屏息，专注于此，因为他知道这时故事的种子已经萌发并开始了它自己的生命过程。 就象任何一颗种子，故事的种子有它自己的生长规律，要要经过作家对记忆中的素材进行精心筛选，从潜意识博大精深的阅历宝库中提取故事赖以实现其内在形式的素材。于是，各种人物，他们的处世风格、气候、时间、地点及各种事物的精髓，都聚集起来。简