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黔南民族师X学院毕业论文〔设计〕规X格式毕业论文〔设计〕工作是进展综合训练以培养学生知识、能力和科研意识、开拓精神、创新能力、科学作风等综合素质的重要教学环节。
为使我院毕业论文〔设计〕工作能与时俱进，确保毕业论文〔设计〕质量，现根据中华人民某某国国家标准GB7713—1987《科学技术报告、学位论文和学术论文的编写格式》、GB/T3179—92规定、GB/T3860-1995《文献叙词标引规如此》和GB7714—2005《文后参考文献著录规如此》的有关规定，参考《中国高等学院社会科学学报编排规X》、《中国学术期刊〔光盘版〕检索与评价数据规X》等文件，制定黔南民族师X学院毕业论文〔设计〕规X化要求。
一、论文结构要求：论文由前置局部和主体局部组成。
㈠前置局部：题名、作者、作者学号、作者单位、摘要、关键词1、题名，即论文标题。
不超过20个汉字，外文不超过10个实词。
确有必要时可加副标题。
题名是以最恰当、最简明的词语反映论文中最重要的特定内容的逻辑组合。
对题名的要求是：准确得体；简短精炼；外延和内涵恰如其分和醒目。
2、作者某某。
毕业论文〔设计〕一般要求一人一题，特殊需要时可以是多人。
作者某某要求写完整全称，不能用“XXX等〞标引，并按先后顺序排列。
3、作者学号。
学号是学生在学院期间的一个身份编码，由学院统一编制，使同学们可以区别于其他人的凭证。
学号要求写完整，不能是节略。
4、作者单位。
由学院名称、系〔部〕名称、所在系名称组成。
作者单位要求写出完整全称，以与学院所在地与其。
5、摘要。
摘要即论文内容不加注释和评论的简短、准确、客观的陈述，具有独立性和指令性，采用第三人称表述。
摘要包括研究对象、研究目的、〔调查〕研究方法、研究角度〔视点〕和结果〔结论〕几个局部，其中结果〔结论〕是核心局部。
摘要要求必须完整，文字十分简练，内容充分概括，忠实于本论文，准确、客观地表达本论文固有的主题内容、观点，不容许离开本论文而随意发挥和评论或说明。
上海市物价局、市教育委员会、市财政局关于本市高等教育自学考试收费及相关问题的通知文章属性•【制定机关】上海市物价局,上海市教育委员会,上海市财政局•【公布日期】2009.12.07•【字号】沪价费[2009]015号•【施行日期】2010.01.01•【效力等级】地方规范性文件•【时效性】现行有效•【主题分类】财政其他规定正文上海市物价局、市教育委员会、市财政局关于本市高等教育自学考试收费及相关问题的通知（沪价费[2009]015号）各高等学校、市教育考试院：按照国家关于高等教育收费管理要求，根据《上海市教育委员会、上海市物价局、上海市财政局关于进一步规范本市高校教育收费管理有关问题的通知》（沪教委财〔2007〕38号）等有关规定，经研究，现就高等教育自学考试收费及相关问题的有关事项通知如下：一、主考高校组织高等教育自学考试，可以收取报考费，收费标准为每人每科45元，中英合作商务管理和金融管理专业收费标准为每人每科120元（其中上缴教育部考试中心为每人每科60元）。
二、主考高校组织高等教育自学考试实践性环节考核，可以收取实践性环节考试费和毕业论文指导费（含答辩）。
实践性环节考试费收费标准为每人每科100元；毕业论文指导费（含答辩）实行分类收费，一类专业每人400元，二类专业每人600元，三类专业每人800元。
市教育考试院应加强对自学考试实践性环节考核的规范，加强对设置毕业论文指导答辩环节专业的管理，并对收费专业实行比例控制，其中，一类专业数不低于20%，二类专业数不高于65%，三类专业数不高于15%（收费分类详见附件）。
三、市教育考试院按规定进行高等教育自学考试毕业生审定，可以收取毕业生审定费，每人每次50元。
四、上述收费属于行政事业性收费。
收费收入按规定实行“收支两条线”管理。
各执收主体应按规定到市物价局、市财政局办理《收费许可证》和《项目登记和票据购印证》变更手续，严格执行批准的收费项目和收费标准，做好收费公示工作。
市场营销论文参考文献范例十九篇市场营销论文参考文献范例第一篇[1]习彬，马海峰，李中，章卫兵.专业图书团购模式的实践与认识--以石油专业图书为例[J].科技与出版.20xx(08)[2]王若玢，朱宇.图书团购产品的营销策略[J].科技与出版.20xx(03)[3]齐树友.教辅图书发行渠道扁平化模式探析[J].出版发行研究.20xx(06)[4]20xx上海书展“图书交易会”团购码洋超过六千万元[J].出版参考.20xx(24)[5]尹松平.出版社图书直销探析[J].企业家天地下半月刊(理论版).20xx(12)[6]张皓凡.第三极书局之创新团购[J].出版参考.20xx(16)[7]梁建.浅议团购营销[J].市场周刊(理论研究).20xx(10)[8]王黎.高校图书馆--大学出版社的新商机[J].大学图书情报学刊.20xx(04)[9]赵亮.出版社图书营销的综合思考[J].中国出版.20xx(08)[10]江翠平.书业团购时代的“夺单”策略[J].出版发行研究.20xx(01)儿童益智木玩设计毕业论文参考文献第二篇[71]杨铎。
浅析中国传统玩具在现代玩具设计中的传承与发展[D].天津科技大学，20xx.[72]高中达。
学龄前儿童玩具设计在当代教育启蒙中的应用研究[D].天津科技大学，20xx.[73]朱明星。
交互式儿童玩具的研究[D].天津科技大学，20xx.[74]方琴。
手推车改良设计[D].天津科技大学，20xx.[75]马锋。
玩具设计中的儿童心理因素[D].天津科技大学，20xx.[76]潘飞。
中国高校玩具教育研究[D].天津科技大学，20xx.[77]常慧。
玩具在成人情感表达需求中的功能研究[D].天津科技大学，20xx.[78]刘飞龙。
中国传统民间玩具文化研究与市场再开发[D].天津科技大学，20xx.[79]王玮。
儿童木制玩具设计[D].浙江理工大学，20xx.[80]张宇光。
民间玩具的特点与功能性在幼儿园设计中的应用研究[D].中原工学院，20xx.[81]谭静静。
华东师范大学公共管理学院拥有1个博士点(教育经济与管理)、3个硕士点(教育经济与管理、行政管理、社会保障)和2个本科专业(公共事业管理、行政管理)，是全国首批公共管理硕士(MPA)专业学位招生单位。
学院现有教师40多人，师资力量雄厚，专任教师中有1位国务院学位委员会公共管理学科评议组成员，有教授8人，副教授20余人。
学院近年承担了多项国家自然科学基金、国家社科基金、教育部及上海市社科类、教育类的研究课题，教学科研在公共管理领域具有较大影响。
2006年公共管理学院有2个本科专业招生，分别是公共事业管理专业、行政管理专业。
这两个新兴专业具有良好的发展前景，毕业生能够适应多种管理工作岗位的需要，就业状况良好。
本学院的本科毕业生专业基础宽广，适应性强，可报考公共管理类和教育学类等多个专业的硕士、博士研究生。
教育管理学系公共事业管理专业(师范)本专业以"基础理论+实践能力"为主要培养模式，培养学生具有良好的政治素质和业务素质，系统掌握管理科学、教育科学的基本理论和基础知识，具备良好的计算机运用的基本技能，能够熟练运用办公自动化和信息管理系统，具有从事公共管理工作所必备的研究与创新能力、沟通与协调能力，能运用教育学、心理学和管理学等理论进行教育等公共事业的管理、指导和评价。
本专业主要培养各级各类公共事业管理部门，尤其是教育行政部门、各级各类学校和其他教育咨询服务机构的管理人员、新闻出版和传媒等领域的专业人员、社区教育与管理的工作人员以及相关学科的师资。
专业课程主要有:管理学原理、公共事业管理、公共关系、人力资源开发与管理、规划和预测、管理心理学、公共财务管理、管理信息系统、管理文秘、经济法学、行政法学、公务员基础知识、教育管理学、比较教育行政、教育经济学、教育政策和法规、教育社会学、教育督导、教育评价、教育统计与测量、社区教育、公共管理前沿专题等。
行政管理系行政管理专业(行政与社会管理方向)(非师范)本专业以"基础理论+实践能力"为主要培养模式，培养学生具有良好的政治素质和业务素质，系统掌握管理学、行政管理、社会管理、法学等学科理论知识，熟悉国家法律、制度、方针及政策，具备从事行政与社会管理实际工作能力，本专业特别注重培养学生的综合素质和管理实践能力。
华东师范大学开放教育学院（网络教育）毕业论文论文题目：基于核心竞争力的阿里巴巴企业文化建设研究专业：公共关系学____年级：2017秋级学号：11172000083010学生姓名：骆心亮学习中心：上海本部指导教师：高慧完成日期：2019年4月目录摘要 (Ⅰ)Abstract (Ⅱ)引言 (1)一、企业文化与核心竞争力的相关理论 (1)（一）企业文化概述 (1)1.企业文化的概念和定义 (1)2.企业文化的结构 (1)（二）核心竞争力理论概述 (2)（三）企业文化与核心竞争力的关系 (2)1.企业文化与核心竞争力的内在关系 (2)2.企业文化与核心竞争力的外在关系 (3)二、阿里巴巴企业文化建设现状分析 (3)（一）阿里巴巴公司概况 (3)（二）阿里巴巴企业文化调研 (3)1.调查的总体情况 (3)2.精神文化建设层面 (4)3.制度文化建设层面 (5)4.行为文化建设层面 (6)5.物质文化建设层面 (7)（三）阿里巴巴企业文化存在的问题 (7)1.薪酬结构协同性较差 (8)2.企业文化吸引力不足 (9)3.员工凝聚力不佳流失率高 (9)三、阿里巴巴企业文化建设方案设计 (9)（一）阿里巴巴企业文化建设方案思考 (9)1.阿里巴巴企业文化建设的环境 (9)2.阿里巴巴企业文化建设的目标 (10)3.阿里巴巴企业文化建设的规划 (10)4.阿里巴巴企业文化建设的原则 (10)（二）阿里巴巴企业文化建设方案设计 (10)1.强化核心竞争力认知转变精神文化理念 (10)2.企业文化促创新，提升企业核心竞争力 (11)3.阿里巴巴先进劳动模范行为 (12)四、企业文化建设方案落地的保障措施 (12)（一）完善组织保障 (12)（二）建设制度保障 (12)（三）加强资源保障 (13)结论 (13)致谢 (15)附录 (16)基于核心竞争力的阿里巴巴企业文化建设研究摘要：企业文化是企业的软实力，对提升企业核心竞争力，实现可持续发展有着至关重要的作用。
资料框架第一部分：2007年思政专业报考指南第二部分：1998－2005年政治学原理与当代世界经济与政治历年真题第三部分：近两年真题解析及07年应对策略第四部分：终极笔记第五部分：专业课复习方法第六部分：复试详细情况介绍第七部分：导师近两年发表的论文第八部分：参考书目及复试内容第一部分：2007年思政专业报考指南1、2006年各门及总分最低分数线政治55 英语55 专业课90分总分340 分；2005年情况同2006年同。
3、法政学院介绍：法政学院组建于2001年4月，是实体性学院。
下属单位有：法律系、政治学与行政管理系、社会学系、社会科学部。
三个系的前身法律政治系（原名政治教育系）创建于1951年，至今已有50年的历史。
社会科学部成立于1980年,是上海市“两课”改革试点单位。
华东师大的俄罗斯研究中心、亚欧研究中心、国际问题研究所、国际问题研究中心、行政管理学研究中心、社会学研究中心、现代城市社会研究中心等机构挂靠于我院及有关所属单位。
法政学院汇集了一批实力强劲的人文社会科学教学与研究人员。
其中, 既有在海内外声名卓著的专家,也有近年来崭露头角的中青年学者。
学院现设有5个本科专业：法学专业（非师范类）、政治学与行政学专业（非师范类）、思想政治教育专业（师范类）、社会学专业（非师范类）及行政管理专业（非师范），学制均为4年。
研究生教育设有3个博士学位授予点，8个硕士学位授予点及MPA（公共管理硕士），以及中法合作培养研究生项目欧洲研究生专业。
我院大多专业是属于国内需要、与社会政治经济密切相关的学科。
其中，以我院教师为主体的俄罗斯研究中心是教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地。
思想政治教育专业是教育部的师范专业建设基地。
“科学社会主义与国际共运”博士点是上海市重点学科。
社会科学部承担全校马克思主义理论和德育思想（简称“两课”）教育，是上海市“两课”教师培训基地和马克思主义理论和德育思想教育硕士点；受教育部委托接受全国“两课”教师在职攻读硕士学位培训任务。
自学考试2019年公共关系学专业本科毕业论文论文题目论星级酒店应对危机的公关策略—以王府井半岛酒店“卫生门”事件为例考生姓名徐娜准考证号指导教师何修猛完成日期论文成绩教师签名论星级酒店应对危机的公关策略—以王府井半岛酒店“卫生门”事件为例摘要：星级酒店遭遇危机既是机遇，也是挑战。
如何采取适当的危机公关策略是解决星级酒店危机问题的开创性工具。
在研究过程中，本文结合危机公关理论中的“5S原则¡±，以王府井半岛酒店¡°卫生门¡±事件为例，分析王府井半岛¡°卫生门¡±中的公关战略，努力寻找星级酒店与媒体沟通的最佳方式，从而为星级酒店提供一个模范危机事件处理模板。
根据王府井半岛酒店¡°卫生门¡±危机下的公关策略，分析了王府井半岛酒店星级酒店应对危机事件的能力和不足。
最后，思考王府井半岛酒店星级酒店与媒体的关系。
本文的创新之处在于将媒体战略与危机传播理论相结合，这与以往的研究不同，后者仅限制追踪管理事件。
关键词：星级酒店；危机公关；王府井半岛酒店On the public relations strategy of star hotels in response to the crisis - Take the "Sanitation Gate" incident at WangfujingPeninsula Hotel as an exampleAbstract: The crisis in a star hotel is both an opportunity and a challenge. Howto adopt an appropriate crisis public relations strategy is a pioneering tool to solve the star hotel crisis. In the course of the research, this paper combines the "5S principle"in the crisis public relations theory, takes the "health gate" incident of Wangfujing Peninsula Hotel as an example, analyzes the public relations strategy in the "health gate" of Wangfujing Peninsula, and strives to find star-rated hotels and media. The best way to communicate, thus providing a model crisis event processing template for star hotels. According to the public relations strategy under the “health gate” cris is of Wangfujing Peninsula Hotel, the ability and deficiency of the Wangfujing Peninsula Hotel star hotel to deal with crisis events were analyzed. Finally, consider the relationship between the star hotel of Wangfujing Peninsula Hotel and the media. The innovation of this paper is to combine media strategy with crisis communication theory, which is different from previous research, which only limits the tracking of management events.Keywords: star hotel; crisis public relations; Wangfujing Peninsula Hotel目录摘要 ................................................... 错误!未定义书签。
教学工作通讯2009年第1期（总第69期）华东师范大学教务处主办2009年1月10日会议动态学期末本科教学工作例会召开跨专业复合型人才培养研讨会顺利召开工作简讯校领导检查期末考试工作我校新增二个本科专业物理教师教育实践中心为2008级免费师范生开展科学教育活动2008年度申银万国奖教金颁发仪式举行我校推荐54项教学成果申报上海市教学成果奖院系来风体健学院举行实习生教学技能展示活动物理系邀请免费师范生校外导师开设专题讲座历史系第四届本科生学术论坛成功举办学期末本科教学工作会议召开2008年12月31日，学期末本科教学工作会议在闵行校区召开。
副校长庄辉明、校长助理任友群、教务处领导及院系分管教学副院长、系主任40余人出席会议。
会议由教务处处长戴立益主持。
会上，教务处副处长万明霞通报了2008年度本科教学工作情况和2009年度工作设想。
2008年，我校以培养创新型人才为核心，以提高教学质量为重点，通过推进完全学分制进程、做好质量工程项目及教学成果奖的培育申报、实施本科生科研训练和开展本科生国内外交流、创新教师教育培养模式等重要工作，全面推进本科教学建设和改革，取得了较好的成绩。
2009年，学校将认真贯彻落实中共华东师范大学十一届三中全会和第三次本科教学工作会议精神，进一步确立“以人为本”的人才培养目标，切实推进完全学分制建设，进一步完善师范生培养方案，努力建设与一流研究型大学相适应的本科生教学培养体系。
戴立益处长就质量工程项目建设与管理、国家级教学成果奖申报、切实推进完全学分制、师范生教学技能训练与实验研究中心建设和课程与教学支撑平台建设等2009年度重点工作进行了补充说明。
随后，陈灵犀副处长通报了本学期期中教学检查情况，部署了期末教学管理工作，要求各院系依照学校各项规定，强化考试组织与管理，严肃考场纪律，力争顺利完成期末各项教学工作。
副校长庄辉明作了总结讲话。
庄辉明指出，2008年，本科教学做了很多工作，校领导在充分肯定成绩的同时，也对本科教学工作提出了很多希望。
教育部学位管理与研究生教育司关于下达公共管理硕士(MPA)专业学位教学合格评估结果的通知文章属性•【制定机关】教育部•【公布日期】2007.02.07•【文号】学位办[2007]8号•【施行日期】2007.02.07•【效力等级】部门规范性文件•【时效性】现行有效•【主题分类】高等教育,学位管理与研究生教育正文教育部学位管理与研究生教育司关于下达公共管理硕士（MPA）专业学位教学合格评估结果的通知（学位办[2007]8号）有关单位：根据《关于开展中国高校公共管理硕士（MPA）专业学位教学合格评估的通知》（学位办[2006]35号）文件精神，首批24所MPA培养单位提交了试点工作总结报告并提出了评估申请，教育部学位与研究生教育发展中心（简称"学位中心"）受国务院学位委员会办公室委托，组织专家对24所MPA培养单位进行了实地考评。
各MPA培养单位对本次评估工作高度重视，积极配合，保证了评估工作的顺利进行。
目前，评估工作已经结束，24所MPA培养单位全部通过教学合格评估。
本次评估结果表明，经过五年试点，我国MPA教育已经取得了显著成绩。
MPA 培养单位总体办学思想明确，办学条件较好，师资队伍建设效果明显，教学管理与实施规范严谨，办学特色鲜明，教学水平与培养质量不断提高，初步形成了具有我国特色的MPA教育体系。
但是，我国MPA教育由于开展时间较短，总体水平还不是很高，特别是本次评估还反映出部分培养单位在自主办学与监管、师资队伍建设、案例教学、双语教学以及学位论文质量等方面存在不同程度的问题。
希望各培养单位认真分析研究评估总结报告及评估结果，采取切实措施，落实专家组评估意见，不断改进MPA教育工作，促进我国MPA教育水平不断提高。
附件：一、公共管理硕士（MPA）专业学位教学合格评估总结报告二、公共管理硕士（MPA）专业学位教育试点院校教学合格评估结果二○○七年二月七日附件一：公共管理硕士（MPA）专业学位教学合格评估总结报告（全国MPA教学合格评估专家组2006年12月）首批24所MPA培养院校教学合格评估工作，自2006年6月开始，经过半年时间，已顺利结束。
华东师范大学论文格式华东师范大学论文格式【篇一：华东师范大学毕业论文格式】华东师范大学本科生毕业论文的格式要求一、论文构成毕业论文格式应规范必须由封面、目录、正文（包括中外文题名、中外文摘要、中外文关键词、正文、参考文献和致谢）三部分构成论文装订顺序为外封面(开题报告(内封面(目录(中文题名(中文摘要(中文关键词(外文题名(外文摘要(外文关键词(正文(参考文献(致谢(考核意见表如有附录部分装订在参考文献后面二、纸张及印刷装订规格毕业论文一律用a4纸张电脑打印左侧装订三、编辑设置1、页面设置：①纸型──主要选用a4纵向个别页面可以采用a4横向②文档网格──一律使用无网格③页边距──上：2.5cm下：2.0 cm左：3.0cm右：2.5 cm装订线位置居左2、段落：①论文题目居中每段落首行缩进2字符②行距一律为1.5倍3、外文字体：一律为times new roman四、封面要求上交的每份论文都一律采用学校统一印发的外封面（装订线一律在左面）另附自制内封面一份（a4纸张电脑打印）内容为中外文论文题目、作者的姓名、学号、班级、指导老师的姓名与职称、论文完成时间五、开题报告要求开题报告内容包括：选题的背景与意义（对与选题有关的国内外研究现状、进展情况、存在的问题等进行调研在此基础上提出选题的研究意义）课题研究的主要内容、方法、技术路线课题研究拟解决的主要问题及创新之处课题研究的总体安排与进度参考文献等方面开题报告表格至教务处网站下载六、论文摘要（一）字数：中、外文摘要一般各为300~500字（二）摘要内容：要求概括地表述论文的研究背景、目的、研究方法、研究重点、结果和主要结论（三）字体：中外文均是五号中文使用宋体七、正文要求（一）字数：文科类专业8000字以上；理科类专业音乐、美术等专业5000字以上（二）字体：正文一般用宋体小四号字打印中文题名用黑体小三打印外文题名用小三打印文章中的各段标题用黑体、小四号字打印并且前后要一致全文的文字格式要统一独立成行的标题后面不再加标点符号（三）序号：全文的序号编排要规范论文的正文层次不宜过多一般不超过5层次中文各层次系统为：第一层：一、二、三、 ......；第二层：（一）（二）（三）......；第三层：l. 2. 3. ......；第四层：（1）（2）（3） ......；第五层：1）2）3）......外文各层次系统为：第一层：a. b. c. ......；第二层：（a）（b）（c）......；第三层：a. b. c. ......；第四层：（a）（b）（c） ......；第五层：a）b）c）......第一、二层次标题应单独成行第三、四、五层次标题可与文章其他内容同列一行每页要插入阿拉伯数字页码置于右下角（四）表名放置在表格正上方中外文对照；图名放置在图件的正下方中外文对照表格一览表采用三线表形式插图需在文中相应处直接给出图的大小为：半栏图60mm100mm通栏图130mm文中计量、计价单位统一采用国际标准单位公式应独立成行居中斜体排版（五）注释：注释指作者对文中某一部分内容的说明如：对某些名词术语的解释、引文(尤其是直接引用)出处的说明等中外文均是小五号中文使用宋体注释既可以使用脚注也可以使用尾注在正文中需加注之处的右上角用注码（[]一般放在标点符号前）标出注释的格式参考参考文献的格式八、参考文献参考文献指论文写作过程中所参阅的各种资料应附在论文末尾加以说明参考文献有多种意义：作为阐发作者见地的佐证或背景资料；提供有力的理论依据或经典论述；表示对他人理论或成果的继承、借鉴或商榷等反映作者对情报吸收、利用的程度论文主体撰写过程要求参考两篇以上外文文献文科专业要求必须有10篇以上参考文献其他专业要求必须有6篇以上参考文献要求罗列出所有引用的中外文文献资料目录目录按引用顺序排列参考文献具体格式如下：（一）专著（注意应标明出版地及所参阅内容在原文献中的位置）［序号］作者.专著名[m].出版地：出版者出版年起止页.（二）期刊中析出的文献（注意应标明年、卷、期尤其注意区分卷和期）［序号］作者.题(篇)名[j].刊名.出版年卷号(期号)：起止页.（三）会议论文［序号］作者.篇名[c].会议名会址开会年.（四）学位论文［序号］作者.题(篇)名[d].授学位地：授学位单位授学位年.（五）专利文献［序号］专利申请者.专利题名[p].专利国别专利文献种类专利号.出版日期.（六）报纸文章［序号］作者.题(篇)名[n].报纸名.出版日期(版次).（七）标准［序号］标准名称[s].出版地：出版年起止页.［序号］作者.题(篇)名[r].报告年、月、日.（九）电子文档［序号］作者.题(篇)名[e].出处或可获得地址(网址).发表或更新日期/引用日期(任选).九、附录的要求毕业论文形成过程中所涉及的实验设计、调查材料及其相应的数据、图表等应整理后用附件形式附在参考文献之后教务处二○○五年六月??????1做生意一定要同打球一样，若第一杆打得不好的话，在打第二杆时，心更要保持镇定及有计划，这并不是表示这个会输。
中国某某某某学校学生毕业设计(论文)题目：The Discrepancy of Culturebetween China and the West 姓名： 0000000班级、学号： 0系 (部) ：经济管理系专业：商务英语指导教师： 0000000开题时间： 2009-4-10完成时间： 2009-10-302009年 10月 30日目录课题The Discrepancy of Culture between China and the West 一、课题(论文)提纲二、内容摘要三、参考文献The Discrepancy of Culture between China and the West 000000000000AbstractThis paper introduces lifestyles and religions between China and the West, and find out the discrepancy of lifestyle and religion by comparing them. In my opinion, thediscrepancy of lifestyle and religion is caused by the discrepancy of culture between China and the West. Therefore, in order to avoid the collision of different lifestyle and religion between China and the west, we should consider every aspect on basis of culture. This paper mainly provides the solution to the discrepancy of culture between China and the West. It starts with the criticism over two wrong ideas in the China-West cultural exchanges: the wholesale westernization and the complete rejection against western culture. Then it puts forwards the opinion that the only way for the development of the Chinese culture and the Western culture is to strengthen the communication and blending between the two cultures.Key words：Discrepancy of culture; Lifestyle; Religion; Solution1. Introduction1.1 Definition of culture.Most social scientists today view culture as consisting primarily of the symbolic, ideational, and intangible aspects of human societies. The essence of a culture is not its artifacts, tools, or other tangible cultural elements but how the members of the group interpret, use, and perceive them. It isthe values, symbols, interpretations, and perspectives that distinguish one people from another in modernized societies; it is not material objects and other tangible aspects of human societies. People within a culture usually interpret the meaning of symbols, artifacts, and behaviors in the same or in similar ways. But someone said the culture is learned and shared human patterns or models for living; day- to-day living patterns. These patterns and models pervade all aspects of human social interaction. Culture is mankind's primary adaptive mechanism.Culture is also the collective programming of the mind which distinguishes the members of one category of people from another.In this paper, firstly, it mainly describes the discrepancy of lifestyle and religion between China and the West. Then it analyzes the causes leading to the discrepancy of culture between China and the West. It focuses on the analysis of the different culture systems and language systems. The result shows that the formation of the discrepancy of culture between China and the West is neither the work of a single-day, nor the result of a certain element. Instead, it is the result of the comprehensive elements in the long history. Inthe end, it probes the solution to the discrepancy of culture between China and the West.2. Discrepancy of lifestyle and religion between China and the west.2.1 The lifestyle of China and the west.Chinese culture is traditionally centered on the family，which was once considered a microcosm of society as a whole. In the old times of Chinese society，the family provided support for every family member，including livelihood and long—term security .Extended family remains exceedingly important，with grandparents commonly acting as caretakers for grandchild with adult children working and financially supporting their ageing parents.The end of cradle—to—grave welfare（the ‘iron rice bowl’）has brought increasing pressure on families who struggle to meet the rising costs of health care and education. Economic pressures have had an impact on many young Chinese who are putting off marriage or having children until they’ve acquire enough money to ensure their financial security. It’s estimated that today 14% of the Chinese urban households consist of a single adult or childless couple whoboth work. So Chinese culture based on masses. People placed family above your own self. But western culture is based on individualism rather than on mass. For instance, in the American, They always talk about individual rights, instead of placing the whole family above their own self. When the children are 18 years old, that is to say, when they become adult, they must earn money to feed their own self.The way to express gratitude is a sort of lifestyle and it also has differences. Think of the situations below: Your mother is busy in the kitchen. She suddenly asks you to fetch a bowl for her. You do so. What’ll your mother’s response be? Probably she’ll just continue doing the cooking. After a while, the dinner is ready. Your mother hands you your bowl of rice. What’s your response? Probably just begin to eat.That’s what I want to say. In Chinese families, we rarely say “Thank you”to other family members for receiving help or service. Neither will we say so between good friends. It’s such an unpopular response that if you say it, the counterpart will think you are treating him as a stranger, otherwise you are lacking of intimacy.But in America, "thank you" is one of the most frequently used sentences. T eachers will thank a student for answering a question; husbands will thank his wife for making a coffee.The ways people eat, that is, the table manner, really distinguish a lot. The reason for this is probably because of the different dining tools and menus.Chinese use chopsticks, or sometimes even grasp rice straightly with hands as Indians do. The thin and long chopsticks cannot be used to cut food, so we usually use our teeth to act as knives. We hold our food, meat or vegetable, with the chopsticks, send them to the mouths, bite off a part of it and remain the other part on the chopsticks. That’s the usual way we eat. We are also used to hold up our bowls when having rice or soup. But all these habits are considered rude in the Western countries.The etiquette in the West requests that when eating, bowls and plates cannot leave the tables. Food should be cut by knives to fit into the mouths. Of course your mouth cannot touch the plates or bowls. So the regular process is like this. You cut your steak on the plate with fork and knife, send the meat cube into the mouth with fork and nothing will be returned back but the fork alone.2.2 The religion of China.Chinese religion has been influenced by three streams of human thought: Taoism, Confucianism and Buddhism. All three have been inextricably entwined in popular Chinese religion along with ancient animist beliefs. The founders of Taoism, Confucianism and Buddhism have been deified. The Chinese worship them and their disciples as fervently as they worship their own ancestors and a pantheon of gods and spirits.TaoismIt is said that Taoism is the only true home-grown Chinese religion-Buddhism was imported from India and Confucianism is mainly a philosophy. According to tradition, the founder of Taoism was a man known as Lao Tzu variously spelled in western literature as "Laotse". He is said to have been born around the year 604 BC, but there is some doubt that he ever lived at all. Almost nothing is known about him, not even his real name.Chuang Tzu picked up where Lao Tzu left off. Chuang Tzu is regarded as the greatest of all Taoist writers and hiscollection of stories, The Book of Chuang Tzu, is still required reading for anyone trying to make sense of Taoism.At the centre of Taoism is the concept of Tao. Tao cannot be perceived because it exceeds senses, thoughts and imagination; it can be known only through mystical insight and cannot be expressed with words. The Way and Its Power advise that the Tao that can be expressed is not the real Tao. Tao is the way of the universe, the driving power in nature, the order behind all life and the spirit that cannot be exhausted. Tao is the way people should order their lives to keep in harmony with the natural order of the universe.ConfucianismConfucius was born of a poor family around 551 BC in the state of Lu in modern-day Shandong. His ambition was to hold a high government office and to reorder society through the administrative apparatus. At most he seems to have had several insignificant government posts, a few followers and a permanently blocked career.At the age of 50 he perceived his divine mission, and for the next 13 years tramped from state to state offering unsolicited advice to rulers on how to improve their governing, while looking for an opportunity to put his own ideas into practice.That opportunity never came，and he returned to his own state to spend the last five years of his life teaching and editing classical literature. He died in 479 BC, aged72.The glorification of Confucius began after his death. Mencius, or Mengzi, helped raise Confucius ideals into the national consciousness with the publication of The Book of Mencius.Eventually, Confucian philosophy permeated every level of Chinese society. To hold government, officials have to master knowledge of the Confucian classics, further more his words also trickled down to the illiterate masses.Confucianism defines codes of conduct and patterns of obedience. Women obey and defer to men, younger brothers to elder brothers, and sons to fathers. Respect flows upwards, from young to old, from subject to ruler. Certainly, any reigning Chinese emperor would quickly see the merits of encouraging such a system.BuddhismBuddhism was founded in India by Siddhartha Gautama, a prince brought up in luxury who became disillusioned by the world around him. At the age of 30 he sought enlightenment by following various yogic disciplines. After several failedattempts he devoted the final phase of his search to intensive contemplation. One evening he slipped into deep meditation and emerged having achieved enlightenment. His title Buddha means the awakened or the enlightened one.The cornerstone of Buddhist philosophy is the view that all life is suffering. Everyone is subject to the traumas of birth, sickness, decrepitude and death, and to separation from what they love.When Buddhism entered China from India, its exotic nature, with chanting, strange colored robes, incense and foreign images was an attraction for many Chinese disillusioned with the uptight formalism of Confucianism. Buddhism offered answers to the afterlife that neither Taoism nor Confucianism could address, with its elaborate explanations of karma and how to find relief from suffering.Slowly, the religion drew more followers, gathering firm support in northern China and gradually moving south. However, Buddhism had its share of critics, and many Chinese were afraid that the foreign religion was a threat to the Chinese identity, which was firmly grounded in Confucianism. The growth of Buddhism was slowed by persecutions and outright abolishment by various emperors.2.3 The religion of the west.Christianity and Catholic are mainly the two typical religions among western countries.ChristianityChristianity grew out of Judaism. The founder of Christianity was Jesus. The core of the reformation of Jesus is to be transformed religious law into religious ethics. He was not opposed to the law. Christian classical book is the "Bible", including Old Testament and New Testament. Old Testament inherited from Judaism, the New Testament is the Christian's own classics. Christianity thinks that the Old Testament is god separates contract through Moses and the Jews. The New Testament is god separates contract through Jesus Christ and believers. In this sense, the New and the Old Testament were written by God's revelation, it can be regarded as God's words, has the highest authority. It is also the basis of the Christian faith. From the Bible, after a study and elaborated of the content of the Christian faith, forming the basic doctrines of Christianity. God theory and its related Creation theory and Christology are the most basic content of Christian doctrine.The other important doctrine of Christianity is original sin and its related Soteriology, Eschatology of people. Christianitythinks god created human beings according to his own image and gave people the right to manage all things. This "image" does not refer to an external image, it is refers to the free will, conscience, reason, moral values and so on. As the ancestor of mankind Adam disobeyed god's commandments, he crime because of stealing the fruits in the garden of Eden So that human beings had a bad impression on God, all human beings are on a kind of "original sin" .God punishes human beings so that shows his fair, and helps human beings so that shows his kindness. Therefore he sent his son Jesus Christ comes to earth, completion of the mission to save the world. Therefore, many westerns regard themselves as the offspring of god and become the faithfully Christian.CatholicIn 1054, Christianity split into East and West factions. West church is Catholic. The Catholic Church and the imperial system as a unique single churches and institutions are established.In the Middle Ages, Catholic was a dominating religion in Western Europe in the feudal society. Catholic believes that god the trinity (that are Father, Son, and Holy Spirit). It also respects the Virgin Mary. It promotes father who create allthings, son born to be an adult died and rose again on the cross so that he can save the human beings. Catholic also believes that the good men will always enjoy a happy life. However, the bad men will always suffer a hard life.As the freedom of religious belief，various religious groups in western have coexisted harmoniously. The religious beliefs of the westerns continue to be strong with social progress. Every Sunday morning, all over western world, people pour into the churches. Half of Western Protestants are active church members, and there are few who habitually stay away. Not only the Catholic churches. but the Protestant ones too, are flourishing, and new church buildings, some with interesting architecture, keep pace with the ever-growing suburbs.3The reasons lead to the discrepancy.The cultures of the East and the West really distinguish each other a lot. This is not only the discrepancy of lifestyle, religion, but also because the culture systems are two separate systems on the whole.The origin of the eastern cultures is mainly from two countries: China and India. Both of the two cultures aregestated by rivers. In China, the mother river is the Yellow River while the Indian one is the Hindu River. These two cultures were developed for several thousand years and formed their own styles. Then in Dang Dynasty of China, the Chinese culture gradually went overseas to Japanese society and shaped the Japanese culture nowadays. Though a bit different from the Chinese one, it belongs to the same system.When this two mother rivers gave birth to the eastern culture, another famous culture was brought up on the Mesopotamian Plain the Mesopotamian Civilization. This civilization later on developed into the cultures of the Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome. And these two are well-known as the base of the European culture. Like the Chinese culture, the European one also crossed waters. When the colonists of England settled down in America, their culture went with them over the Atlantic Ocean. So the American culture doesn’t distinguish from the European one a lot.At the same time, the discrepancy of the language systems adds to the discrepancy of the culture. In the East, most languages belong to the pictographic language while the Western languages are mostly based on the Latin system, for example, the one I’m using to write this paper.Other factors like human race difference country as well. But what’s more, due to the far distance and the steep areas between the East and West, the two cultures seldom communicate until recent centuries. So they grew up totally in their own ways with almost no interference from the other.It shows that the formation of the discrepancy of culture between China and the West is neither the work of a single-day, nor the result of a certain element. Instead, it is the result of the comprehensive elements in the long history.4 How to reduce the discrepancy.Now we have seen that there exists such a huge discrepancy between Chinese culture and western one. Then what should we do to face this globalizing world?Firstly, we cannot deny any of the cultures. Every nation has its own characteristics and it’s mainly through its culture that we first begin to know the nation and its characteristics. So we cannot say that this culture or custom is right and that is wrong. Equal respect should be attached to every culture in world, even to those that are not in existence any more.Next, we should get to learn how to coordinate the different cultures and strengthen the communication andblending between the two cultures. We say the world is becoming smaller and smaller. More foreigners come and go everyday. When it is in the same country, the same city, the same neighborhood, the cultural collision is expected to be more serious. So we should try to avoid this happening. One important thing is to get some basic knowledge about the other cultures so as not to misunderstand some actions or habits of the foreigners.When the above two is done, we can start to communicate. I mean we can take in some strong points from the foreign cultures. Though there doesn’t exist correctness in terms of culture, it does have the terms of more advanced or more suitable for the world nowadays. Of course, we cannot throw away our own culture and accept another one totally. We also cannot complete rejection against western culture. Every culture is a treasure to the history of the Earth, so we should only pick out those we lack to perfect our own.5. ConclusionIn the time of the economic globalization and cultural globalization, nowadays, we cannot avoid the topic of the discrepancy of culture between China and the west. There aremany reasons lead to the discrepancy of culture between China and the west. There are also a variety of methods to resolve the differences. However, the discrepancy of culture between China and the West involves too wide.Due to a variety of restrictions, most of us cannot go abroad to experience the discrepancy of culture between China and the west personally. This paper introduces the discrepancy of lifestyle, religion between China and the West and it analyzes the causes which lead to the discrepancy of culture, and probes the solution to the discrepancy of culture between China and the West.As there are differences in every aspects of lifestyle, religion, economic foundation, social and political structures, the discrepancy of culture between China and the West are bound to be there. If we analyze these phenomenons carefully, we will find that the conflicts and the collisions between cultures are just the seeming problems. There is still much to learn.Different cultures add the most colorful element to the world of 21st century. The discrepancy of the culture should not be the obstacle to the civilization of human being. It ought to be the motivation of our going further.Bibliography[1][M].高等教育出版社,2005年8月第2版.[2]王新灵. 中西方世界观及价值观的差异及其在行为方式中的表现[M].首都师范大学出版社,2009.[3]王玉娟. 中美家庭价值观的跨文化差异对比研究[M].山东大学出版社,2009.[4]房泽庆. 中西传统节日文化的比较[M].山东大学出版社,2009.[5]刘向荣.宗教哲学视角下文明冲突现象研究[M].西安建筑科技大学出版社,2008.[6]刘敏.语言交际与中西文化差异[M]. 西南师范大学出版社,2002.[7]李英春.中西思维方式差异与中西语篇差异[M]. 山东师范大学出版社,2002。
公共关系学案例分析论文随着我国新闻改革的进行,报业市场化程度不断加强,公共关系作为报业经营的重要手段之一,越来越受到国内报业的重视。
下面是店铺为大家整理的公共关系学案例分析论文，供大家参考。
公共关系学案例分析论文篇一摘要：从阐述新公共管理运动的主要思想入手，结合高校准公共产品的特征，分析当前学校管理中存在的问题，并从公共管理研究范式的角度，探讨对我国高等教育改革进程的影响，其目的是从中获得对我国高等教育管理改革的启示。
关键词：新公共管理范式;高校管理;影响从20世纪80年代初开始，西方各国掀起了一场声势浩大且旷日持久的政府改革运动。
尽管各国改革的性质、规模和途径不同，但都有一个共同议程，即“新公共管理”或“管理主义”范式。
随着市场机制的不断发育成熟，行政体制改革的深化以及政府职能的转变，我国高等教育管理的实践模式和研究领域的理论体系都亟待进一步创新。
因此，研究当代西方“新公共管理”运动的理论和实践，借鉴其经验教训，吸取其理论成就，对我国高等教育管理改革无疑具有重要的现实意义。
一、新公共管理范式的主要思想新公共管理学以现代经济学和私营企业管理理论和方法作为自己的理论基础，将私营部门成功的管理方法和竞争机制广泛运用到公共部门。
它是西方特定的政治、经济条件下的产物，在一定程度上反映了公共行政管理发展的规律和趋势。
根据西方学者格里尔和盖布勒等人的论述，新公共管理运动主要有以下几个方面的主要思想。
1.政府的管理职能应是掌舵而不是划浆新公共管理主张政府在行政管理中应是制定政策而不是执行政策，政府只起掌舵作用而不是划浆作用。
这样可以缩小政府规模，减少开支，提高效率。
新公共管理认为，有效的政府并不是一个实干的政府，也不是一个执行的政府，而是一个能够治理并且善于治理的政府。
2.政府服务应以顾客或市场为导向新公共管理认为政府应以顾客或市场为导向，从而改变传统行政模式下的政府与社会之间的关系，对政府职能和社会职能重新进行定位。
华东师范大学2018年人文社会科学学院政治学系政治传播与政府公关专业简介概况政治传播与政府公关专业是在2012年开始招生的公共关系专业和2015年开始招生的新闻与传播专业（政治传播方向）基础上为进一步彰显学科特色，经过整合后转型而成的一个自主设置并归属政治学一级学科的新专业，于2017年首次开始招生。
政治传播是政治学与新闻传播学两个一级学科跨学科交叉融合的产物，是在二者相互融入的基础上，侧重研究政党、政府或非政府组织等政治传播现象、传播活动及其规律的学科。
政治传播立足于中国特殊国情、发展取向与独特语境，探讨政治生态、政治架构、政治文明中的传播现象、传播关系与传播规律，在研究范式上是以各类政治实体为传播主体，以各类媒介为载体，以境内外政府、政党、NGO、民众为受众，重在研究各类政治实体在政治活动、政治关系中的传播规律、传播现象、传播战略与策略。
在政治传播与政府公关专业招生前公共关系专业已经有多届毕业研究生，在每年3月前签约率均达到100%，去向为政府机关、市级医院和银行、移动、汽车、烟草等大型国有企业。
主要研究方向1.政治传播理论与实践2.政府公共关系3.公共外交与国际传播主要导师【适用2018年招生】于晶刘绍庭何修猛易妍专业课程学位基础课（必修）：政治学研究的领域与方法、中西政治思想史、社会科学研究方法学位专业课（必修）：专业外语、公众舆论学、政治传播前沿理论学位专业课（选修）：公共关系经典著作选读、海外中国政治研究、政治修辞与劝服研究、公共事件与危机治理研究、政府公共关系研究、中国外交与国际传播专题研究、公众舆论学、性别与政治传播、国家形象与国际话语权研究、“一带一路”与外交决策、危机管理、近代中国与世界政治、中外政党制度比较研究、全球治理中的国际组织、中国近现代社会变迁专题研究、中国外交等。
研究生毕业后主要去向本着素质、知识、能力并重和全面发展的原则，为了适应社会主义现代化建设的用人需要，本专业旨在为上海和全国培养具有爱国、敬业、廉政、求实等良好的政治及道德品质，高度的社会责任感，系统掌握政治传播学原理与实务，熟悉其运作的操作规程和基本方法，具备比较强的观察、分析和解决问题的能力，能够独立开展科学研究，适合在各级党政机关、社会团体、各类企事业单位从事新闻发布、形象塑造、媒体关系维护、舆情分析、议题管理、危机传播管理、公众沟通等工作以及在媒体从事舆论引导、议程设置等方面工作的高层次、应用型的高级专门人才。
公共关系学论文摘要（导师分析）论文摘要如同人体中的心脏，起着核心的作用。
那么我们要如何撰写公共关系学论文摘要呢下面一起来看看吧。
一、公共关系学论文摘要无论是期刊论文还是学位论文，摘要都需要让读者看出论文的目标是什么、论文工作做了什么、你发现了什么和你得到了什么结论。
为此，需要突出五个要素：问题陈述、动机、方法、结果和结论。
摘要五要素：A。
问题陈述：对要解决的问题进行概括，适当突出问题的重要性和目前存在的不足。
B。
动机：是指你的论文工作要解决在问题陈述中指出的什么样的问题。
C。
方法：论文采用的手段，必要时介绍使用手段的方式。
D。
结果：论文得到了什么数据、规律和发现等。
E。
结论：研究结果有什么含义、影响和意义。
二、公共关系学论文摘要如何写？1、文字简明扼要：文字必须十分简练，内容需要充分概括2、编写时要客观、如实地反映一次文献，切不可加进文摘编写者的主观见解、解释或评论。
3、结构严谨，表达简明，语义确切。
摘要先写什么，后写什么，要按逻辑顺序来安排。
句子之间要上下连贯，互相呼应。
句型应力求简单，慎用长句。
每句话要表意明白，无空泛、笼统、含混之词。
4、要着重反映文稿中的新观点。
三、公共关系学论文不应该怎么写？不能冗长，少写无关的东西，语句不能含糊不清。
论文摘要论文摘要不要列举例证，不讲研究过程，不用图表，不给化学结构式，也不要作自我评价。
1、应排除本学科领域已成为常识的内容；切忌把应在引言中出现的内容写入摘要；一般也不要对论文内容作诠释和评论(尤其是自我评价)。
2、不得简单重复题名中已有的信息。
比如一篇文章的题名是《几种中国兰种子试管培养根状茎发生的研究》，摘要的开头就不要再写：“为了。
对几种中国兰种子试管培养根状茎的发生进行了研究”。
3、要使用规范化的名词术语，不用非公知公用的符号和术语。
新术语或尚无合适汉文术语的，可用原文或译出后加括号注明原文。
4、除了实在无法变通以外，一般不用数学公式和化学结构式，不出现插图、表格。
