第一次
Why do smokers tend to weigh less than nonsmokers and gain weight when they give up the habit?
Contrary to“common knowledge”,nonsmokers do not generally eat more than smokers, nor do they exercise less, studies find. Research performed on smokers at rest indicates that nicotine (尼古丁) itself can increase basal metabolic (新陈代谢的) rates,meaning smokers burn more energy than nonsmokers during periods of inactivity. But surveys suggest most smokers smoke not while completely at rest, but while performing light activities such as desk work that can increase metabolic rates by two or three times.Unless nicotine’s metabolic effects increase proportionally with metabolic rates, its influence on weight might be insignificant.
Now a study shows that nicotine’s e ffects on body-fuel consumption indeed increase proportionally with increases in activity.“These results indicate that the metabolic effect of nicotine may play a greater part in accounting for body-weight differences between smokers and nonsmokers than w as previously believed,” says Kenneth A. Perkins and his colleagues at the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine.
The researchers gave a nicotine nose spray to individuals performing light work— in this case riding an exercise bicycle modified to allow easy riding while subjects remain seated in a comfortable armchair. The activity raised resting metabolic rates two to three times.
By analyzing air breathed out, the researchers calculated energy consumption in the armchair bicyclists before and after giving the nose spray and compared the relative changes with subjects in the control group given placebo (（试验药物用的）无效对照剂) nose sprays. Relative to their baseline bicycle expenditures, individuals in the nicotine group expended considerably more energy than did those in control group while doing the same amount of work. With nicotine, Perkins says, “It’s as if the body is becoming much less efficient in using its stored energy.”
While the results may seem discouraging to smokers who’d like to quit without gaining weight, Perkins notes that walking an extra mile a day should make up for the difference in metabolic efficiency. And he says smokers would have to gain “well more than 50 pounds” to counterbalance the health risks of continued smoking.
1.What mig ht “common knowledge” say about smokers and nonsmokers?
A)Smokers eat more and exercise more than nonsmokers.
B)Smokers eat less and exercise less than nonsmokers.
C)Smokers eat less and exercise more than nonsmokers.
D)Smokers eat more and exercise less than nonsmokers.
答案：C
2.When might nicotine influence smokers’ weight significantly?
A)When Nicotine’s metabolic effects and metabolic
rates increase at the same rate. √
B)While smokers are exercising.
C)While smokers are at rest.
D)When Nicotine’s metabolic effects increase
proportionally with the amount of light activities.
答案：A
3.The word “subjects” in the fourth paragraph means .
A)people under medical treatment
B)researchers
C)people undergoing an experiment √
D)addicted smokers
答案：C
4.What have the researchers found out in their study?
A)People in the armchair expended more energy than
people doing desk work.
B)People in the control group breathed out more air.
C)People without nicotine nose spray are becoming much
less efficient in using energy.
D)People in the nicotine group consumed more energy.
√
答案：D
5.Why do the study results seem discouraging to some smokers according to the passage?
A)Because they want to gain weight to tackle the health
risks of continued smoking.
B)Because they want to quit smoking and still keep fit.
C)Because they want to walking an extra mile a day to
lose some weight.
D)Because they want to keep fit without having to quit
smoking.
答案：B
A certain amount of controversy has been caused by the publication of a new report by a team of educationalists headed by Pro. B. J. Smith. The report claims to have statistical evidence that children who attend a number of different schools through their parents having to move around the country are more than normally vulnerable to a vicious cycle of low academic achievement.There are also indications,says Professor Smith,of an unusually high rate of psychological dismay among such children.
The professor,who has long suspected that the effect on children whose parents travel to different parts of the country in search of work has not been sufficiently researched, stresses that this is not merely an expression of prejudice. “We are not dealing here with opinions,”he says,“It’s true,my personal feeling is that for children’s well-being,they should stay in one school.However,our findings are based on research and not on any personal attitudes that I or my colleagues may have on the subject.”
Capt. Thomas Muller, an Army lecturer for the past 20 years and himself a father of two,said,“I’ve never heard such rubbish.As far as I’m concerned,absolutely no harm is done to the education of children who change schools regularly— as long as they keep to the same system as in our Army school. In my experience—and I’ve known quite a few of them— Army children are as well-adjusted as any others, if not more so. What the Professor doesn’t appear to appreciate is the fact that in such situations children will adapt m uch better than adults.”
When this was put to Professor Smith,he said that at no time had his team suggested that all such children were backward or dismayed in some way, but simply that in their experience there was a clear tendency.
“Our findings in dicate that while the extremely bright child can cope with regular emotional turbulence without harming his or her general academic progress,the majority of children suffer from constantly having to enter a new learning environment.”
6.What does Profes sor Smith’s report suggest?
A)Children shouldn’t change schools too often. √
B)Children who have to move around the country are
better at academic achievement.
C)Children attending many schools have caused a certain
amount of controversy.
D)Children who attend different schools are more
vulnerable to vicious diseases.
答案：A
7.What does Professor Smith think of the findings of the research?
A)They are proved by the research. √
B)They are just based on his personal feeling.
C)They may merely be an expression of prejudice.
D)They are based on personal attitudes.
答案：A
8.What does Capt. Thomas Muller think of children who change schools regularly?
A)They can actually deal with the new environment
better than adults. √
B)They do no harm to the education.
C)They find it difficult to keep to the same system.
D)They are generally ill-adjusted.
答案：A
9.How does Professor Smith defend himself again Capt. Thomas Muller?
A)He suggests that children having regular emotional
turbulence do not harm their academic progress.
B)He argues that only a few children will suffer from
changing schools regularly.
C)He stresses that the majority of children tend to
suffer from constantly adapting to a new learning
environment. √
D)He believes that extremely bright child likes to
enter a new learning environment.
答案：C
10.What does the passage mainly talk about?
A)How army children get used to a new learning
environment.
B)Whether children would be affected by changing
scho ols regularly. √
C)The procedure Professor Smith followed to conduct a
study.
D)The opinions people have about children who often
change schools.
答案：B
Recently there has been a tendency to sympathize with thieves whose operations have been carried out on a grand scale, and no attempt whatever has been made to hold them responsible.Some of the most thievish(像窃贼的)transactions have flourished and are still flourishing. Their success and their wealth are the only things recognized.They are honored as financiers and men of affairs,looked up to and respected.
In reality they are nothing more and nothing less than a lot of merciless and heartless thieves. Fraud is fraud and cheating is cheating despite the artistic manner in which it is committed or the size of the scale upon which it is operated.
It is time these men were classed properly and placed where they rightly belong, for they are no better than the miserable sneak-thief who steals a penny from a blind man’s dog.
For the past two or three years working people who have made sacrifices to save a few pennies have been cheated most unmercifully. Their hard-earned savings have been stolen from them by every possible scheme from the obvious looting (打劫) of a bank to the higher and more artistic method of legalized high risk,complex financial products. Men high up in the financial world have lent their names to some of the most shady and notorious schemes that ever dishonored a community or a people. Because of this the most diligent and economical (节俭的) American people have been induced to place their hard-earned and carefully guarded savings in what they were led to believe was a safe investment, only to find out when too late that they had fallen into the hands of a gang of extremely respectable cheats.They cannot recover what they have lost.
The thief is too powerful to be affected by the law while the victim is too weak to put its machinery in motion. It may be that the law is defective, or it may be that those having its machinery in charge are influenced by the wealth of the transgressors (违犯者). Whatever or whichever it is that is responsible ought to be investigated and the evil remedied.
11.What does the tendency mentioned in the first paragraph reflect?
A)People encourage some of the most thievish
transactions to flourish.
B)People only respect success and wealth without any
moral judgment. √
C)People prefer to carry out operations on a grand
scale.
D)People have made attempt to hold thieves responsible.
答案：B
12.How did working people lose their hard-earned savings?
A)They lent their money to men high up in the financial
world.
B)They were cheated by the bank. √
C)They were unlucky in investment.
D)They were robbed by the thieves nearby.
答案：B
13.When the writer says “a gang of extremely respectable cheats” in Paragraph Four, it is implied that .
A)they are well-educated but ill-behaved √
B)they are respectable in artistic cheating
C)they are cheats with respectable goals
D)they are not well-educated but respected
答案：A
14.What could be a possible reason for the thieves to escape from law according to the passage?
A)They are powerful enough to ignore the law.
B)There are defects in the law. √
C)They are wealthy enough to compensate the victims.
D)The victim is too weak to investigate them.
答案：B
15.It can be inferred from the passage that .
A)there are too many thieves and robbers
B)industrious and honest people should be highly paid
C)moral standards are always upheld
D)any thief should be punished √
答案：D
People often ask which is the most difficult language to learn, and it is not easy to answer because there are many factors to take into consideration. Firstly, in a first language the differences are unimportant as people learn their mother tongue naturally, so the question of how hard a language is to learn is only relevant when learning a second language.
A native speaker of Spanish,for example,will find Portuguese much easier to learn than a native speaker of Chinese,for example,because Portuguese is very similar to Spanish,while Chinese is very different,so first language can affect learning a second language.The greater the differences between the second language and our first, the harder it will be for most people to learn. Many people answer that Chinese is the hardest language to learn,possibly influenced by the thought of learning the Chinese writing system,and the pronunciation of Chinese does appear to be very difficult for many foreign learners.However,for Japanese speakers, who already use Chinese characters in their own language, learning writing will be less difficult than for speakers of languages using the Roman alphabet.
Some people seem to learn languages readily, while others find it very difficult. Teachers and the circumstances in which the language is learned also play an important role,as well as each learner's motivation for learning.If people learn a language because they need to use it professionally, they often learn it faster than people studying a language that has no direct use in their day to day life.
Apparently, British diplomats and other embassy staff have found that the second hardest language is Japanese, which will probably come as no surprise to many, but the language that they have found to be the most problematic is Hungarian.This does not mean that Hungarian is the hardest language to learn for everyone, but it causes British diplomatic personnel,who are generally used to learning languages,
the most difficulties.
Different cultures and individuals from those cultures will find different languages more difficult. In the case of Hungarian for British learners, it is not a question of the writing system,which uses a similar alphabet,but the grammatical complexity, though native speakers of related languages may find it easier, while struggling with languages that the British find relatively easy.
16.Why is it hard to say which language is the most difficult to learn?
A)Because it is only relevant when learning a second
language.
B)Because differences between languages are
unimportant.
C)Because people learn their mother tongue naturally.
D)Because many factors have to be considered. √
答案：D
17.Who will find Portuguese much easier to learn?
A) A native speaker of Japanese
B) A native speaker of Hungarian
C) A native speaker of Spanish √
D) A native speaker of Chinese
答案：C
18.What is the most problematic language to British diplomats and other embassy staff?
C)Hungarian
A)Japanese B)Spanish D)Chinese
√
答案：C
19.Why do many people think Chinese is the hardest language to learn?
A)Because the pronunciation of Chinese is difficult.
√
B)Because the grammar of Chinese is complex.
C)Because Chinese is not directly used in their life.
D)Because Chinese uses the Roman alphabet.
答案：A
20.What factors cannot affect learning a second language according to the passage?
A)each learner's motivation for learning
B)neighboring countries √
C)teachers and the circumstances
D)first language
答案：B
In1976,Winkler wrote a My Turn about the overwhelming reaction to the character he played on the popular television sitcom (情景喜剧), “Happy Days”. The show was at its peak,and Fonzie was its superstar.In fact,Americans related so strongly to the character that Winkler became apparently permanently part of the country’s broad, extended family. Three decades later, fans still greet the actor with Fonzie’s signature thumbs-up sign and a long, drawn out “Aaay!”
“All these years later, the warmth I am treated with is unbelievable, and it’s all over the world,”Winkler says.He no longer receives the50,000fan letters a year that he got during “Happy Days”’s original run, but they still come by the hundreds. And on the street, folks tend to have a common reaction. “They thank me for making them laugh for so long. They say, ‘I grew up with you,’ or ‘my children grew up with you,’ or, ‘we sat and watched it together’,” he says.
Winkler says his Fonzie days came back to him vividly as he read over his old My Turn.Cast on his28th birthday,the Yale-trained performer had been a struggling actor, dreaming of fame. The dream turned real very quickly. “We were hardly on
the air when this thing started to snowball,going from zero to60in about three seconds,” Winkler recalls.
Today,Winkler gives speeches to college students about living their dreams, focusing on how to become a successful actor. “If you are determined, have a sense of humor and never take your eye off what it is you want, you can actually have it,”he says.
Winkler is also at work on his first children’s book, co-authoring with Lin Oliver. He was recently named executive producer of“Hollywood Squares”and produces
the show “Intuition” on the Game Show Network. His next movie, “Holes”, based on
a children’s book,is scheduled for release this winter.In October2000,Winkler made his Broadway debut costarring with John Ritter in the show“The Dinner Party.”
But th rough it all, Winkler remains Fonzie. “I think he is the architect of my home, of my professional life,and of my good fortune in the world,”Winkler says.“He literally is the foundation for everything that was to come.”
21.Which of the following is NO T mentioned as fans’reaction to Fonzie?
A)Fans write lots of letters to Winkler for many years.
B)Fans thank Winkler when they meet him on the street.
C)Fans greet Winkler by imitating Fonzie’s signature.
D)Fans sit and watch the sitcom together with Winkler.
√
答案：D
22.Which of the following influences him most according to the author?
A)The television sitcom “Happy Days”. √
B)The show “The Dinner Party”.
C)The movie “Holes”.
D)The show “Intuition”.
答案：A
23.Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?
A)Winkler spent long time struggling to make his dream
come true.
B)successful actor must have a sense of humor.
C)Fans like Winkler as a superstar only for a few years.
D)Fonzie usually utters a long,dra wn out“Aaay!”in
“Happy Days”. √
答案：D
24.What does the word “snowball” in Paragraph three most probably mean?.
A)throw at
C)grow rapidly √答案：C B) a ball made of snow D)melt easily
25.Which of the following is the author primarily concerned with in this passage?
A)Winkler’s article My Turn
B)Fans’ reaction to Fonzie played by Winkler
C)Winkler’s life as an actor
D)Winkler and his sitcom “Happy Days” √
答案：D
第二次
We all laugh.We all hurt.We all make mistakes.We all dream,th at’s life.It’s a journey. Please follow these rules to make the journey of your life a journey of joy! Staying positive through the cold season could be your best defense against getting ill, new study findings suggest.
In an experiment that exposed healthy volunteers to a cold or flu virus, researchers found that people with a generally sunny disposition (性格) were less likely to fall ill. The findings,published in the journal Psychosomatic Medicine,build on evidence that a“positive emotional style”c an help ward off the common cold and other illnesses.
Researchers believe the reasons may be both objective as in happiness boosting immune function and subjective as in happy people being less troubled by a scratchy throat or runny nose.“People with a positive emotional style may have different immune response to the virus,”explained lead study author Dr Sheldon Cohen of Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh. “And when they do get a cold, they may interpret their illness as being less severe.”
Cohen and his colleagues had found in a previous study that happier people seemed less likely to catch a cold, but some questions remained as to whether the emotional trait itself had the effect.
For the new study, the researchers had 193 healthy adults with complete standard measures of personality traits,self-perceived health and emotional“style”.Those
who tended to be happy, energetic and easy-going were judged as having a positive emotional style,while those who were often unhappy,tense and hostile had a negative style. The researchers gave them nose drops containing either a cold virus or a particular flu virus. Over the next six days, the volunteers reported on any aches, pains, or sneezing (打喷嚏) they had, while the researchers collected objective data. Cohen and his colleagues found that based on objective measures of nasal woes (鼻部的不适), happy people were less likely to develop a cold.
1.The new study findings in the experiment suggest that _________.
A)Having a good disposition is more likely to get ill.
B)Being optimistic is more probable to keep healthy.
√
C)Having a negative emotion is harmful to the
character.
D)Staying positive is more likely to catch cold.
答案：B
2.The phrase “ward off” in Paragraph 2 most probably means
“_________”.
A)shrug C)keep D)set
B)give in
off away √aside
答案：C
3.It can be inferred from Dr. Sheldon Cohen’s interpretation that ______________.
A)people with a positive emotion are more likely to
interpret their illness objectively.
B)people with a negative emotion are more likely to
boost immune function to the virus.
C)people with a negative emotion are more likely to
interpret their illness subjectively.
D)people with a positive emotion are more likely to
regard their illness a s less serious. √
答案：D
4.It can be learnt from the passage that the benefits of having a positive emotional style are _____________.
A)to be further studied
B)still dubious
C)self-evident
D)proven by scientific research √
答案：D
5.Which of the following would be the best TITLE for the passage?
A) A Happy Journey Full of Joy
B)Scientific Evidence of Staying Healthy
C)The Secrets of Staying Positive
D)The Health Benefits of Staying Positive √
答案：D
How is it that despite our amazing powers of production there are still hundreds of
millions of people all over the earth in continuous want and poverty,and
dangerously near the brink of starvation? What are the causes of poverty? Everyone
is forced to realize and recognize its existence and no one has yet found a cure for it.
Every thinking man has realized that poverty and starvation are not inevitable in the
scheme of things. On the contrary, the fruitful earth yields enough for every one of
the human beings inhabiting its surface without the twisted distribution of nature’s generosity(慷慨).This twisting is caused by our crude and ill developed ideas of
distribution and the improper ordering of human services.In the first place,these
services can be hindered at their source, and among the factors that operate in this
direction may be war,crime,lack of healthy supervision,insufficient attention to
rising generations, monopolies (垄断) and various private ownerships that limit the
usefulness of property, and neglected and wasteful destruction of property.
In the second place,the great cause of poverty is unproductive consumption.
Services become unproductive when they are devoted to supplying luxuries or an
excessive quantity of necessaries, which may be summed up in a single word: waste.
These are the primary causes of poverty;they are responsible for the presence of
starvation.
Is there a remedy?
The elimination of waste through perfect production and distribution is a problem that is slowly but surely being solved by the great combinations of capital that have destroyed competition.These monopolies,selfish in the extreme and with no thought beyond profit at any price, are rendering us useful service by teaching us the importance of cooperation and cooperative methods.When these great industrial combinations, these wonderfully smooth running great business machines become the property of all the people and cease to be operated for private gain, a great step will have been taken in the direction of the solution of the starvation problem. When everyone will produce according to his ability and consume according to his needs, then, and not until then will poverty and starvation depart entirely and forever from the minds of men.
6.According to the passage, starvation _____.
A)is due to excessive consumption by human beings
B)is inevitable in whatever condition
C)is owing to the improper distribution of nature’s
generosity √
D)is the result of insufficient production
答案：C
7.Which of the following can hinder human services at their source?
A)Crime and lack of wealthy supervision.
B)Private ownerships and unproductive consumption.
C)War and destruction of property. √
D)Luxuries and an excessive quantity of necessaries.
答案：C
8.Why does unproductive consumption is considered as the great cause of poverty in Paragraph Three?
A)Because people stop producing but only consume.
B)Because people who don’t produce are responsible for
the presence of starvation.
C)Because people devote too much to luxuries and don’t
produce anything.
D)Because people are supplied with excessive quantity
of necessaries and waste a lot. √
答案：D
9.How to eliminate waste through production and distribution according to the passage?
A)By seeking profit at any price and being selfish.
B)By cooperating and making the industrial
combinations public property. √
C)By creating more monopolies to make more profits.
D)By privatizing business machines and teaching the
importance of cooperation.
答案：B
10.When can the starvation problem be solved according to the passage?
A)When the great industrial combinations cease to be
operated for private gain.
B)When private monopolies become public property and
the element of profit is eliminated.
C)When production is organized based on personal
capabilities and distribution on individual needs. √
D)When efficiency of production has been greatly
enhanced.
答案：C
MY NEIGHBOR HAS A GUN. In fact, not having the good fortune to live in the last house on a dead-end street, I am surrounded by neighbors with guns. My situation is hardly novel,since most American households own at least one weapon.We now have enough privately owned guns to arm nearly every man, woman and child in the country.And some of those children are not just imaginary gun users,as recent statistics indicate.
My neighbors’guns make me nervous;I’m afraid that they might go off at the wrong time,pointed in the wrong direction.I’ve asked why such dangerous items are allowed to clutter up the house. I’ve gotten several answers, from constitutional rights to the innocent sport of blasting birds out of the skies.I’d like to focus on just one of these reasons.
My neighbor tells me that curling up at night with his gun nearby makes him feel safer.Safer from what? A madman out to better the going entry in the“Guinness Book of World Records” for bloody brutal ity? My neighbor faces far less danger from the mentally ill killer, who fortunately is extremely rare, than he does from my other neighbor who also has a gun.Contrary to the public myth,mental patients have crime rates far below those of my neighbor or me; for all categories of crime and for homicide in particular.One of the few safe places left to live in this gun-packing country is on the grounds of your local mental hospital, where the residents are far less aggressive than my neighbor and guns are checked in at the gate.
Safer from some intruder (侵入者) in the night seeking to deprive his wife of her virtue or him of his new color television? According to best available estimates, my neighbor’s odds of doing himself in accidentally with his own g un are about five times higher than his odds of being done in by some intruder. As a gun owner, my neighbor would be better advised to invest his money in locks and a loud dog. Actually, the intruder in the night accounts for fewer than three percent of our gun deaths. The bulk comes from perfectly law-abiding (守法的) but gun-toting (持枪的) people like my neighbors, who kill each other, themselves, or me.
11.Which of the following can be inferred from the first paragraph?
A)Some American children have used gun to kill people.
√
B)Every person in this country knows how to use guns.
C)Each American household owns at least one weapon.
D)The author lives in the last house on a dead-end
street.
答案：A
12.Which of the following may be NOT the reason w hy neighbors’guns make the author nervous?
A)Their arms might kill me by accident.
B)Dislike the sport of blasting birds out of the skies.
√
C)Their guns might point in the wrong direction.
D)Their guns might go off at the wrong time.
答案：B
13.What does the author imply in the passage?
A)madman kills people to enter“Guinness Book of World Records”.
B)My neighbor is not likely to be killed by my other
neighbor with guns.
C)People like my neighbor have a higher crime rate than
mental patients. √
D)Living in a mental hospital is dangerous due to its aggressive residents.
答案：C
14.What can we conclude from the fourth paragraph?
A)The gun deaths are primarily caused by those
intruders in the night.
B)My neighbor is more likely to be killed by his own
gun than by intruders’. √
C)It’s better to invest money in guns than in locks
or dogs.
D)Those people carrying guns don’t abide by the law.
答案：B
15.What is the author primarily concerned with In this passage?
A)Discussing the bloody brutality of killing by gun
B)Analyzing crimes committed by mental patients.
C)Explaining why my neighbors need to own guns.
D)Worrying about the need for gun control. √
答案：D
Before, during and after the recession, demand for one sort of worker has been persistently stronger: jobs that involve assisting or caring for other people– from fast-food workers to home-health assistant to nail polishers.
These occupations have one thing in common: They aren't easily automated (使自动化) or outsourced (转包) abroad. “You can't send people to China or India for a haircut,” says Israel Kakuriev, 37 years old, who has been cutting hair in midtown Manhattan for the past 20 years. Nor is there, yet, a robot that can cut hair or hold the hand of an elderly woman with Alzheimer's(老人痴呆症) or do all the work that flight attendants do.
The U.S. government releases its latest report on the job market Friday morning amid worrisome signs that economic growth is slowing well short of full employment.
But economists see a couple of longer-term trends. Dividing the workforce into high, medium and lower-skill workers, they note that around the world, demand for the most skilled and educated– from engineers to specialized factory workers– has been relatively strong. But globalization and technology have eroded demand for routine middle-skill, middle wage jobs: In factories, assembly jobs have been eliminated by automation or moved overseas; in offices, tasks once done by humans are done by computers and voice-response software.
At the same time, Massachusetts Institute of Technology economist David Autor notes an increase in personal-service jobs–the ones that can’t be done remotely from overseas and can’t easily be done by machines. To measure this, Mr. Au tor and MIT’s Daron Acemoglu sliced the U.S. workforce into 318 occupations, ranked by skill and education. Between 1989 and 2007– just before the recession– they found a five percent increase in routinized production, machine-operator and office jobs–but a 36 percent increase in personal-service jobs and a 40 percent increase in
top-of-the-pyramid jobs, such as managers, professionals and financial wizards (奇才).
16.Why has the demand been persistently strong for jobs that involve assisting or caring for other people, according to the passage?
A)Because these jobs are high-skill occupations.
B)Because these jobs are especially popular before,
during and after the recession.
C)Because these jobs are common and not so many people
compete for them.
D)Because these jobs cannot be replaced by machines or
be done in another country. √
答案：D
17.Which of the following is a long-term trend,according to economists?
A)The workforce gradually develop into high,medium and
lower-skill workers.
B)Technology gives rise to strong demand for
middle-skill, middle wage jobs
C)Lower-skill jobs will gradually be eliminated in the
globalized world.
D)Demand for the most skilled has always been
relatively strong. √
答案：D
18.What was found by scholars from Massachusetts Institute of Technology?
A)They found an increase of personal service jobs
during the recession.
B)They found that most of the personal-service jobs
will be done by machines.
C)They found that U.S workforce could be divided into
318 occupations based on their increase of wages.
D)The found an increase of top-level jobs before the
recession. √
答案：D
19.Which of the following occupation probably cannot be popular during recession?
A)fast-food workers.B)professionals.
C)machine-operators. √D)flight attendants.
答案：C
20.What can be inferred from the passage?
A)To find a personal-service job is superior to most
skilled and educated workers.
B)Many assembly jobs are done by computers and
voice-response software.
C)Managers and professionals can keep a good salary
during recession.
D)Even the most intelligent robot could not take the
place of all human labor. √
答案：D
Some prominent businesswomen believe they are being asked to disclose more about their personal lives as they climb the career ladder than their male counterparts (对应的人或事). One seemingly innocent but frequently asked question illustrates the keen interest in the balance that women have to achieve between their professional and private lives–“how do you make it work?”Campaigners say that this question would hardly ever be put to a man and that it implicitly raises doubts over women’s commitment to their professional lives.
Similarly, in a recent interview, one female chief executive declined to answer questions about her home life, saying her own achievements might then be attributed to having a supportive husband and family– or to being single or childless. Deborah Meaden, the entrepreneur (企业家) whose profile rose dramatically when s he began appearing on a BBC’s popular television show, has developed strict boundaries around the parts of her life that she will and will not discuss. “I was fairly nervous about mentioning anything at the start, but I am clear now about what I will and w on’t talk about,” she explains. “You will never see a picture of my home, but there are stories that I have decided I don’t mind talking about – like the fact that I keep pigs and sheep. Who my friends are and what I do in my private life is not public inf ormation,” she says.
But she believes that the scale of interest in her personal life is the result of her media career, as much as her gender. “There are more men in business and so it’s a fact that if you are a woman you are a rarity and therefore you will attract more interest. And there is interest in how your life works because the traditional form is that women look after the family. But a lot of business people go about their life without anyone being interested in their home life.”
21.What does the question“how do you make it work?”mean to successful women?
A)People have more interest in their professional life.
B)people are curious about how women could be more
successful than their male counterparts.
C)People want to know more about their personal lives.
D)People are doubtful over women’s commitment to their
professional lives. √
答案：D
东华大学20__-20__学年第__学期期末试题 踏实学习，弘扬正气；诚信做人，诚实考试；作弊可耻，后果自负 College English Achievement Test Band 3（易班） Part I Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (10%) Directions: In this part, there is a passage followed by ten statements. You will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and decide whether each of the statements is true or false, or that the information is not given in the passage. Then mark the answer on the Answer Sheet. Renewable Energy How does energy use affect the environment? All forms of electricity generation have some level of environmental impact. However, clean energy technologies, including renewable energy and combined heat and power, have fewer impacts than other sources of electricity generation. To learn about the environmental impacts of electricity generation technologies, click on an energy source below. How clean is the electricity I use? In the United States, electricity is generated in many different ways, with a wide variation in environmental impact. Traditional methods of electricity production contribute to air quality problems and the risk of global climate change. With the advent of electric customer choice, many electricity customers can now choose the source of their electricity. In fact, you might now have the option of choosing cleaner, more environmentally friendly sources of energy. How can I make a difference? The energy decisions we make every day can encourage the development of new power sources, save natural resources, and help ensure that the quality of our environment is preserved. In many parts of the country, consumers now have the opportunity to choose the source of the power that is delivered to their home or business—including energy derived from renewable sources. "Renewable energy" generally refers to electricity supplied from renewable energy sources, such as wind and solar power (energy supplied by the sun), geothermal (energy created from the extreme heat contained in liquid rock—called magma（岩浆）—within the Earth's core), hydropower (energy derived from the movement of water as it flows downstream), and various forms of biomass (fuel from sources such as trees, wood and agricultural wastes and fuel crops). These energy sources are considered renewable because they are continuously replenished on the Earth. In addition, mobile sources of air pollution—such as cars, trucks, trains and lawnmowers—also contribute to air pollution nationwide and are an important source of air pollution in many urban areas. Hydrogen Energy Using hydrogen energy could help address many concerns facing our nation and our world. We believe hydrogen can contribute to resolving these issues for these reasons:
北京城市学院 2014-2015学年第一学期 《大学英语3》期中口试阅读部分试题 （学生版）
Unit 1 Education: A Transformation of the Soul 3 I went on to college, of course, as everyone told me to do. College is how you become an earner, they told me. My major that first semester was International Relations. I liked the woman I envisioned myself as in this field – a diplomat, a savvy citizen of the world. But gradually I began to realize that this person was not someone I bore any resemblance to. She was, rather, a clone of the well-educated, well-moneyed ideal my teacher had presented to me years ago. This woman had earning potential; she was smart and worldly. But she was not someone I would become. She had
Unit 2 Masdar City: The World's Greenest City?
阅读理解 B 42、Martin Luther King was a black minister, who became a great leader of the civil rights movement in the 1950s and 1960s. King was born on January 15, 1929 in Atlanta, Georgia. When he was young, he was strongly influenced by Thoreau and Indian leader Mahatma Gandhi's idea of non-violent resistance. Having received a Ph. D (Doctor of Philosophy) from Boston University, he became a political and religious leader of the non-violent civil relights movement in 1955. On August 28, 1963, he led over 250,000 Americans on a march in Washington D.C. to fight for the Civil Rights Law to guarantee equality for all people, and delivered his best known speech "I Have a Dream" before the Lincoln Memorial. The "dream" is a dream of brotherly love and equality for the Black and White. Thus, he was awarded the Nobel Prize for peace in 1964, but he was murdered four years later. Though he died, he was greatly respected and loved by the Americans, both the white and the black. By vote of Congress in 1968, the third Monday of every January is now a federal holiday in Luther King's honor. He lives in people's hearts forever. (1)、Martin Luther King was murdered when he was 39 years old. A：T B：F 答案：A (2)、Martin Luther King was a black minister only. A：T B：F 答案：B (3)、Martin Luther King's Day has been a federal holiday for more than 40 years. A：T B：F 答案：A (4)、The underlined word "delivered" in the second paragraph could be replaced by "gave". A：T B：F 答案：A (5)、The best title for this passage is "Civil Rights Law". A：T B：F 答案：B 43、A public house which was recently bought by Mr. James is up for sale. He is going to sell it because it is haunted (闹鬼的). He told me that he could not go to sleep one night because he heard a strange noise coming from the bar. The next morning, he found that the doors had been blocked by chairs and the furniture had been moved. Though Mr. James had turned the lights off before he went to bed, they were on in the morning. He also said that he had found five empty whisky bottles which the ghost (鬼) must have drunk the night before. When I suggested that some villagers must have come in for a free drink, he shook his head. The villagers have told him that they will not accept it even if he gives it away. (1)、Mr. James was the owner of the public house. A：T B：F 答案：A (2)、Mr. James had not turned off the lights that night. A：T B：F 答案：B (3)、Mr. James built the house. A：T B：F 答案：B (4)、Mr. James found sixty empty bottles. A：T B：F 答案：B (5)、The writer of the passage believes Mr. James' story. A：T B：F 答案：B 44、Great changes have been made in family life because of science and industry. In the past, when more Americans lived on farms, the typical family had many children. In a farm family, parents and their children often lived with grandparents. Often, too, uncles and aunts lived nearby. But when industry became more important than agriculture in American life, families became smaller because industry requires workers who are ready and able to move off the land and to move again whenever necessary. And large families can not be moved from place to place as smaller families can. So, at present people tend to have smaller families. In the future, because of industrialization, a typical family will be required to move even more often than now, so families will be even smaller. The typical family may remain childless and consists only of a man and a woman. A small number of families may take child raising as their chief work. At the same time they may also raise other people's children, leaving those families free to move from job to job. (1)、The passage discusses influence of science and industry on American families. A：T B：F 答案：A (2)、Families of the past, the present and the future are described in the passage. A：T B：F 答案：A (3)、People no longer want to have children. A：T B：F 答案：B (4)、Grandparents will take the chief responsibility of raising children in the future. A：T B：F 答案：B (5)、Large families cannot fit in with a highly industrialized society. A：T B：F 答案：A 45、My husband had just bought a new washing machine for me. I decided to use it and I washed a lot of things. Everything worked well, but I found one of my husband's socks missing. I looked everywhere for it, but I couldn't find it anywhere. The next morning, I got ready for school as usual. When the bell rang, the students came in. I greeted them first and then told them what we were going to do that day. When I turned around to write on the blackboard, the class broke out a roar! They laughed and laughed. They laughed so much, in fact, that I was afraid the headmaster would be into seeing all this. I asked the class to stop, but the more I talked, the more they laughed. I decided to pay no attention to them and I continued to write on the blackboard. When I did this, they roared even more. Finally, the teacher who had the room next to mine came in to see what all the laughter was about. When he came in, he started laughing, too!
Network Education College, BLCU 《大学英语(三)》模拟试卷一 注意： 1.试卷保密，考生不得将试卷带出考场或撕页，否则成绩作废。请监考老师负责监督。 2.请各位考生注意考试纪律，考试作弊全部成绩以零分计算。 3.本试卷满分100分，答题时间为90分钟。 4.本试卷分为试题卷和答题卷，所有答案必须答在答题卷上，答在试题卷上不给分。 I.Multiple Choice. (1 point for each, altogether 30 points) Directions:There are 30 sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four choices respectively marked by letters A, B, C and D. Choose the word that you think best complete the sentence. Write your answers on the answer sheet. 1. There is no_______in insisting on his agreement. [A] meaning[B] sense [C] mine[D] benefit 2. We_______to get what we want, anyway. [A] managed[B] believed [C] handled[D] operated 3. It is beautiful when many birds_______the island during the autumn months.
1. What should I thank my parent(s) / teacher(s) / friend(s) for? If you have, what have you done? If you haven’t, what do you plan to do? 2. What do you think can be done to improve older people’s lives if their children do not live with them? 3. Do you think it is necessary for the Chinese to celebrate Western festivals? 4. Is it enough to help only those people we know? 5. Do you think success is due more to luck and opportunity or to diligence? Why? 6. What is the relationship between one’s attitude to life and one’s fate? 7. What job do you think is the best for you after you graduate? 8. What is your most important consideration when looking for a job? 9. Is it necessary for students to take part in the social activity during the free time? 10. What kind of after-class activities are you interested in? 11. Are there many students in your class who have part-time jobs? (If yes) What kind of jobs do they do? (If not) Why not? 12. Some students spend a lot of time surfing the net. Do you think it’s a pr oblem? 13. How did you learn to speak English? 14. Why is Chinese important? 15. Are you satisfied with the environment you are living in? Say something about it.
、 .~ 1 我们‖打〈败〉了敌人。 ②我们‖〔把敌人〕打〈败〉了。 大学英语期中考试与平日成绩评分细则 （2010—2011第2学期） 为了贯彻落实教育部《大学英语课程基本要求》中对培养学生英语综合应用能力的精神，在日常教学中，通过加强形成性评估所占比重，对学生的学习全过程进行科学的考察、督促和评价，从而实现帮助学生掌握科学的学习方法，改善英语学习效度，培养自主学习能力的目的。本学期期中考试与平时成绩评分细则如下： 一、平日成绩〈本科20分，专科40分〉 平日成绩由两部分组成：学生课堂表现以及学生作业的完成情况。 1、课堂表现根据课堂上学生回答教师提问、课文预习、单词听写、课 文朗读或背诵、课堂出勤、参与课堂互动活动等表现打分。本科学生课堂表现满分为10分，专科学生课堂表现满分为30分； 2．作业根据学生是否按时完成教师布置的笔头或口头作业，作业完成质量情况酌情打分。本科学生作业成绩满分为10分，专科学生作业成绩满分为10分； 二、口语考试 按照教学计划，本学期期中口语考试定于第十一周进行，在学生总评成绩中所占分值分别为专科20分；2009级本科及2010级本科音体美专业20分； 2010级本科（不含音体美专业）口语考试成绩包括读写教师期中口语考试10分和外教口语课10分两部分； 1.考试方式： 1）考试按照教学计划随堂进行。 2）以小组讨论为基本形式，学生自由结合，4-6人一组。从上述话题中自由选题，由一人执笔写出一篇英文报告。 内容包括：题目、小组成员、准备所用时间、每个成员的观点（每人120词左右）、结论。 3）考试时每个小组要有一人串联谈话内容并做出总结，成员之间要有互动交流，避免孤立地背诵。成员之间观点一致时要就观点做出深入阐述。 4）每个小组限时5分钟。
C o l l e g e E n g l i s h B a n d T h r e e Part I Listening Comprehension 1. A) To cancel his trip. B) To go to bed early. C) To catch a later flight. D) To ask for a wake-up call. 2. A) They have different opinions as to what to do next. B) They have to pay for the house by installments. C) They will fix a telephone in the bathroom. D) The man’s attitude is more sensible than the woman’s. 3. A) She will save the stamps for the man’s sister.B) She will no longer get letters from Canada. C) She can’t give the stamps to the man’s sister.D) She has given the stamps to the man’s roommates. 4. A) Visiting the Brownings. B) Writing a postcard. C) Looking for a postcard. D) Filling in a form. 5. A) The man should work with somebody else. B) The man should meet his partner’s needs. C) They should come to a compromise. D) They should find a better lab for the project. 6. A) She can’t finish her assignment, either.B) She can’t afford a computer right now. C) The man can use her computer. D) The man should buy a computer right away. 7. A) The visiting economist has given several lectures. B) The guest lecturer’s opinion is different from Dr. Johnson’s. C) Dr. Johnson and the guest speaker were schoolmates. D) Dr. Johnson invited the economist to visit their college. 8. A) She’s never watched a better game.B) Football is-her favorite pastime. C) The game has been canceled. D) Their team played very badly. 9. A) The man should stick to what he’s doing.B) The man should take up a new hobby. C) The man should stop playing tennis. D) The man should find the cause for his failure. 10. A) An invented story. B) A real life experience. C) An imaginary situation. D) A terrible nightmare. Section B Passage 1 11. A) The name of a German town B) A resident of Frankfurt. C) A kind of German sausage. D) A kind of German bread. 12. A) He sold fast food. B) He raised dogs. C) He was A cook. D) He was a Cartoonist. 13. A) Because the Americans found they were from Germany. B) Because people thought they contained dog meat. C) Because people had to get used to their taste. D) Because it was too hot to eat right away. Passage 2 14. A) They give out faint cries. B) They make noises to drive away insects. C) They extend their water pipes. D) They become elastic like rubber bands. 15. A) Quiet plants. B) Well-watered plants. C) Healthy plants. D) Thirsty plants.
以下为爱麟霖/(Curlylin)倾情奉献，需要的朋友可以参考一下 7. Friendship (Listening and Speaking Course, Unit 3; Integrated Course, Unit 2) 1) Do you have many friends? What kind of people do you want to make friends with? Why? Yes. I’d like to make friends with loyal people. In my opinion,a friend is a person who can share his/hers happiness with you, who can lend you a shoulder when you cry,who can give you a hand when you are in trouble without asking for anything in return. In a word,a friend in need is a friend indeed, I think a loyal people can do the things which were mentioned above for his/hers true friend. So I prefer to make friends with loyal people, and I also believe I am a loyal people who you can make friends with. 2) How do you make friends? Please comment on “a friend you buy isn’t worth the price”. First,I’d like to talk to him to find out whether we have the same interest with each other. If the answer is YES,then we have the foundation to develop a friendship. The next days, all we need to do is to treat each other by heart and soul. 3) How valuable is friendship in a person’s life? How can we keep friendship alive? As for me, I regard friendship as a very important part in my life.Just imagine a life,there’s no one to be your friend. What life could be if you had no friend to talk to , no friend to comfore you and cheer you up when you were having a hard time,no friend to lend you a hand when you needed help …… Life without friends is unthinkable ... We have to do hard work to build up and sustain our friendship. First, let your friends know that you really care about them.It’s important to give some cues to your friends. Be sure your friend knows that she is cared about.Second,try to be with your friends when they are in trouble when they need you. Keeping friendship alive is not only to say some sweet words,but need some real action. 4) What does friendship mean to you? What kind of friends do you think are true friends? It's a fantastic experience in whole of my life. Friendship to me is what water to fish.I can't live without a real friend. 2问见（1） 5) How can we get along well with other people? To begin with, we need to be honest with others and always say what we mean. Lies will surely make people stay far away from us in the long run. After all,honesty is the best policy. Second, we have to be humble enough. If we are proud in public, we can hardly win other's respect, not to mention "friendship" . Finally, we must not be selfish. We should learn how to show concern for others. As long as we abide[?'ba?d] by what is mentioned above, we will find it easy to get along well with others.
Unit 1 Education: A Transformation of the Soul 1On my first day of high school, my teacher showed the class a Power Point presentation entitled The Value of Education. The first slide read simply this: ―Education = $‖. I felt uncomfortable, not knowing exactly why. 2 Education, throughout my high school experience, continued to be described to me like this: college means a diploma. A diploma means a better job. A better job means more money. More money means a good life. But I wondered who had decided the criteria for a ―better‖ job and a ―good‖ life. It all seemed so mathematical. Education was presented to me as an equation equaling a person I had not chosen to be. 重点单词的句子翻译： 1.她读了一首题为《想起你》的诗。(entitle) 2.他给这本书取名为《野性的爱》。(entitle) 3.教育的关键在于激励和享受，而不是一所学校或一个大学文凭。(diploma) 4.那青年用了3 年的时间取得研究生文凭。(diploma) 5.我自己成功的标准是能够努力工作和快乐生活。(criteria) 3 I went on to college, of course, as everyone told me to do. College is how you become an earner, they told me. My major that first semester was International Relations. I liked the woman I envisioned myself as in this field – a diplomat, a savvy citizen of the world. But gradually I began to realize that this person was not someone I bore any resemblance to. She was, rather, a clone of the well-educated, well-moneyed ideal my teacher had presented to me years ago. This woman had earning potential; she was smart and worldly. But she was not someone I would become. She had nothing I really wanted.
大学英语一阅读理解 一、阅读理解（共505题,共101分） 1. Few laws are so effective that you can see results just days after they take effect. But in the nine days since the federal cigarette tax more than doubled—to $1. 01 per pack—smokers have jammed telephone “quit lines” acro ss the country seeking to kick the habit. This is not a surprise to public health advocates. They’ve studied the effect of state tax increases for years, finding that smokers, especially teens, are price sensitive. Nor is it a shock to the industry, which fiercely fights every tax increase. The only wonder is that so many states insist on closing their ears to the message. Tobacco taxes improve public health, health, they raise money and most particularly, they deter people from taking up the habit as teens, which is when nearly all smokers are addicted. Yet the rate of taxation varies widely. In Manhattan, for instance, which has the highest tax in the nation, a pack of Marlboro Light Kings cost ＄10.06 at one drugstore Wednesday. Charleston, S, C., where the 7-cent-a-pack tax is the lowest in the nation. The price was $4. 78. The influence is obvious. In New York, high school smoking hit a new low in the latest surveys—13.8%, far below the national average. By comparison, 26% of high school students smoke in Kentucky, Other low-tax states have similarly depressing teen-smoking records. Hal Rogers, Representative from Kentucky, like those who are against high tobacco taxes, argues that the burden of the tax falls on low-income Americans “who choose to smoke.” That’s true, But there is more reason in keeping future generations of low-income workers from getting hooked in the first place, As for today’s adults, if the new tax drives them to quit, they will have more to spend on their families, cut their risk of cancer and heart disease and feel better. （1分） (1) The text is mainly about___________. （0.2分） A.the price of cigarettes B.the rate of teen smoking C.the effect of tobacco tax increase D.the differences in tobacco tax rate 标准答案：C (2) What does the author think is a surprise? （0.2分） A.Teen smokers are price sensitive. B.Some states still keep the tobacco tax low. C.Tobacco taxes improve public health. D.Tobacco industry fiercely fights the tax rise. 标准答案：B (3) The underlined word "deter” in Paragr aph 3 most probably means . （0.2分） A.discarding B.remove C.benefit D.free 标准答案：A (4) Rogers’ attitude towards the low-income smokers might be that of . （0.2分） A.tolerance B.unconcern C.doubt D.sympathy 标准答案：D (5) What can we learn from the last paragraph? （0.2分） A.The new tax will be beneficial in the long run. B.Low-income Americans are more likely to fall ill.