新初三暑假语法讲义——第六讲 介词

课题名称初中英语语法讲义-专题讲练：第6讲：介词教学目标1. 常考介词in, on, at用法区别；2. 常用介词及其词组的主要用法和意义；（重点）3. 常用动词、形容词与介词、副词的固定搭配及其意义；（难点）4. 易错点解析Step 1 Homework Checking●课后练习讲评；➢词汇听写：得分_____________➢知识点回顾：选择情态动词填空（可重复使用）L=Librarian(图书管理员), S=Studentwill can could must can’t should would mustn’t L: Good afternoon, ________ I help you?S: Yes, please. ________ I borrow an English-Chinese dictionary?L: Yes, of course. Here they are. Which one ________ you like?S: I’d like the b lue one.L: Here you are.S: ________ I take it out of the library?L: Sorry, you ________. You can only use it here.(The librarian saw the student write in the library book.)L: Oh, no, you ________ write in the library book.S: I’m sorry. What ________ I do?L: You ________ return the book now.S: OK, I ________.answers: can / could, Can / Could, would, Can / Could, mustn’t, mustn’t, should, must, will Step 2 Warming-up➢Spoken English TrainingLesson 1(b)1.Ask me if that is their house.2.Tell me .Yes, it is their house.3.Ask me if it is a large house.4.Tell me- Yes, it is large.5.Now, ask me if that boy is my nephew.6.Tell me – Yes, he is your nephew.7.Ask me if he is a student.8.Tell me –No, he is a doctor.9.Ask me if he is rich.10.Tell me –Yes, most doctors are rich.11.Ask me if my nephew is a nice doctor.12.Tell me – Yes, he is always kind and patient.Step 3 Phonetic Symbols请根据音标写单词。

2024年初中英语语法学习之介词与介词短语介词是英语中最为活跃的词汇之一，掌握介词的规律对于英语学习至关重要。

根据的资料，以下是一些常见的英语介词种类:in/on/at:这些介词都表示在某个位置或时间上。

例如，“in the morning”(早上)，“on the table”(桌子上)，“at noon”(中午)。

for/to:这些介词都表示方向或目的。

例如，“for example”(例如)，“to the nearest hospital”(去最近的医院)。

with/by:这些介词都表示伴随或方式。

例如，“with my friends”(和我的朋友们一起)，“by train”(乘火车)。

at/in/on:这些介词都可以表示时间。

例如，“at night”(晚上)，“in the morning”(早上)，“on a sunny day”(晴天)。

for/over/through:这些介词都可以表示时间长度。

例如，“for a year”(一年)，“over the weekend”(周末)，“through the night”(整个夜晚)。

以上仅是一些常见的介词种类，英语介词还有很多其他种类，需要学习者在学习和实践中不断积累和掌握。

介词是英语中非常重要的语法部分，也是中考和高考的重点之一。

在考试中，正确使用介词可以帮助我们更好地表达意思，避免语法错误。

以下是一些常见的介词考点:in,on,at,over这些介词都可以用来表示时间，但用法略有不同。

例如，in可以用来表示周、月、季节、年和泛指的上午、下午、晚上(指在一段时间内)。

而on可以用来表示某天、某一天的上、下午(指具体的某一时)。

at则用于表示时刻、时间的某一点。

此外，over可以用来表示覆盖、超过、越过等意思。

on这个介词可以用来表示具体某一天的时间，例如on Monday表示在周一。

它还可以用来表示在某个具体的时间点，例如on time表示准时。

九年级初中英语介词讲义全一、选择题1．The blue planet is so far from the earth that radio signals, travel ________ the speed of light, take 16 hours to reach the spacecraft.A．for B．in C．on D．at2．My family get together and have a big dinner ________ Sundays.A．at B．in C．on D．to3．Taking part in a social activity can help take your mind ________ matters that worry you and make you feel good about yourself.A．through B．across C．off D．into4．A study shows that rude languages spoken to children may have bad results that go ________ those of beating them.A．against B．beyond C．except D．with 5．Sometimes I feel stressed because what my parents want me to do has gone ________ my ability.A．through B．against C．above D．beyond6．On sunny days, my grandma often reads a novel ________ the window.A．for B．by C．with D．from7．Xinjiang cotton is praised ________ the best cotton in the country ________ its high quality. A．for; as B．for; by C．as; for D．by; for8．Some of the technology we’ve seen on screen is ________ our ability to create. But that might not be true for long.A．against B．during C．beyond D．through9．The ending of the film Diary of Dinosaurs was so surprising and fully went ________ my imagination.A．across B．over C．through D．beyond10．It is believed that ________ December 21, 1891, the first basketball game in history was played.A．in B．on C．at D．for11．In western countries, children play “trick or treat” ________ the evening of October 31st. A．at B．in C．on D．to12．—I can’t think of any other actress who is more beautiful than Au drey Hepburn.—You’ve got the point. Her beauty is ________ words and she succeeded ________ hard work. A．over; by B．over; throughC．beyond; by D．beyond; through13．________ Friday afternoon, our school ends earlier than usual.A．At B．On C．To D．In 14．Everyone was touched ________ words after they watched the film Hi, MOM 《你好，李焕英》directed by Jia Ling.A．under B．across C．beyond D．against15．—When is your birthday?—My birthday is ________ August 21st.A．on B．at C．in D．for16．The chopsticks are ________ wood.A．made of B．made from C．made in D．made with 17．The girl is ________ a singer ________ everyone in her hometown.A．well known as; for B．well-know as; toC．well known as; to D．best known for; for18．The girl is _____ a singer _____ everyone in her hometown.A．well known as; for B．well known as; to C．well-know as; to D．best known for; for 19．The workers will build a new road ________ the two villages.A．from B．among C．at D．between 20．— Maybe you should call her up.—But I don’t want to talk with her ________ the phone.A．at B．in C．on D．with 21．—There have been great changes in Taizhou in the past few years.—I can't agree more. The changes there are ________ my imagination.A．near B．past C．along D．beyond22．—A serious study of physics is impossible ________ some knowledge of maths.—I couldn’t agree more. So we should also learn maths well.A．among B．between C．against D．without23．The little stream ran dawn from a high mountain ________ many villages and forests. A．across B．against C．beyond D．through 24．—Why can’t we drive in the emergency lane (应急车道) on expressway?—Because the lane makes it possible to race ________ the clock to save people’s lives. A．beyond B．over C．against D．through 25．— Would you like to visit the zoo with me now?—Sorry, it’s _______ the visiting hours. Let’s go there tomorrow.A．beyond B．through C．during D．on26．My family is always ___________ me no matter what I decide to do. That makes me very pleased.A．above B．behind C．against D．through 27．Switzerland lies ________ France, Germany, Austria and Italy.A．between B．among C．against D．beyond28．To our joy, Tom pleased everybody by making his dog walk ________ two legs.A．by B．over C．from D．on29．—How did you get to the zoo, Helen?—I went to the bus station ________ my bike, and took the No. l bus to the zoo.A．on B．by C．in D．with 30．—How long have you lived in the new building?—_____2010.A．After B．In C．Since D．Before 31．Don’t be afraid of difficulties. Remember: kites rise highest ________ the wind, not with it. A．over B．against C．across D．along32．You shouldn’t eat so much chocolate _________ meals. Because it will affect your appetite. A．except B．through C．between D．unless 33．Armstrong joined the navy in 1949 and served _______ a pilot for three years.A．with B．like C．to D．as34．—How can I improve my English more quickly, Tom?—__________listening and reading more.A．At B．Across C．By D．On35．He has developed a good habit of running ________ the lake every morning.A．over B．along C．beyond D．across 36．—The boy is tall enough ________ his age.—Yes, I was much shorter when I was his age.A．of B．at C．from D．for37．—The earthquake in Ya’an took place ________ two past eight ________ the morning of April 20th.—Yes, some people were still sleeping for it was weekend.A．in; on B．on; in C．at; in D．at; on38．There is a stone bridge ________ the river in front of my house.A．over B．under C．above D．below39．Wu Mengchao, known as the “father of Chinese hepatobiliary surgery” passed away________ the age of 99 on Saturday.A．on B．in C．at D．by40．When are you arriving? I’ll pick you up the station.A．at B．to C．on D．off【参考答案】一、选择题1．D解析：D【详解】句意：这颗蓝色的行星离地球如此之远，以光速传播的无线电信号需要16个小时才能到达航天器。

初三介词知识点总结归纳介词在英语中起着非常重要的作用，它们能够连接名词、代词、动词或者形容词等词语，并且为其提供各种各样的关系和意义。

因此，对介词的正确使用和理解对于学习英语非常关键。

本文将对初三阶段常见的介词知识点进行总结和归纳，以帮助同学们更好地掌握介词的用法。

1. 位置介词（Prepositions of Place）位置介词用于描述人或物所处的位置。

常见的位置介词有：in、on、at、under、above、below、behind、in front of、beside等。

例句：- The book is on the table.- The cat is under the chair.- I live in a house.2. 方向介词（Prepositions of Direction）方向介词用于描述人或物的运动方向。

常见的方向介词有：to、from、into、out of、up、down、along等。

例句：- She went to the park.- The bird flew from the tree.- He walked along the street.3. 时间介词（Prepositions of Time）时间介词用于描述时间的概念。

常见的时间介词有：at、in、on、for、since、from...to等。

例句：- The movie will start at 8 o'clock.- I usually go to bed at 10 p.m.- We will have a party on Christmas Day.4. 原因和目的介词（Prepositions of Reason and Purpose）原因和目的介词用于表达原因和目的。

常见的原因和目的介词有：for、because of、due to、to、in order to等。

完整)初中语法介词讲解介词和介词短语介词是一种虚词，根据其意义可分为地点介词、时间介词、方位介词、手段介词和其他介词等。

表示时间的介词有：at、in、on、before、to、from、by、till、until、after、for、since 等。

表示地点、位置和方向的介词有：next to、in、in front of、on、out of、at、above、over、into、near、een、under、up、across、by、down、from、around、behind、beside等。

表示原因和理由的介词有：for、as、at、from等。

表示方式的介词有：on、in、by、with等。

常用介词辨析1.表示时间的介词in、on、at、afterin的用法：用于描述早晨、下午和傍晚：XXX。

用于描述月份、年份和季节等：In March。

in 1986.in spring。

用于描述一段时间之后：In a week。

in a year’s time。

in two hours。

on的用法：用于具体某一天：XXX。

on the morning of next Friday。

on June 6.on Sunday。

on New Year’s Day。

用于描述性的时间：On a cold night。

on a winter day。

at的用法：用于具体的钟点：At 12 o’clock。

at half nine。

用于固定的搭配：XXX。

XXX。

XXX。

at noon。

at Christmas。

at weekends。

at that time。

XXX表示在一点时间以后：XXX’clock。

2.表示地点的介词in、on、atin指的是大地方，at是小地点。

in表示的是体，on表示的是面，at表示的是点。

in可指内部，on可指“在…之上”。

例如：There are six windows in the wall.（墙上有6扇窗子。

介词一,介词的分类1.简单介词,是指单个的介词如：in, on, at, on, to, with等2.合成介词,是指两个简单介词合在一起构成的介词如：into, onto, without, inside3.短语介词,是指一个或两个简单介词与一个或几个其他词类的词组合,在意义和作用上相当于一个简单介词的短语如：instead of 代替because of因为according to按照in front of 在...的前面二,表示时间的介词1.at表示具体的时间点如：at eight o’clock联想：at构成的固定短语：at first首先at least至少at present目前at noon在中午at the age of在...岁时at the moment在目前,现在at the same time同时at school 在上学at the end of在;;;末如：In some western countries shops are closed___________ weekends.2.in用于年,月,季节,上午,下午,晚上等;in March在三月in spring在春天in 2008在2008年in the morning/afternoon/evening注意：in表示在某一季节或某一月份时,一般不加冠词,但季节和月份的意义一旦具体化,就要加定冠词the;如：The weather is a little in May.An earthquake happened in Sichuan in the May of 2008.In summer children are happy because they can swim.联想：in构成的固定短语：hand in上交in fact事实上in surprise吃惊地in search of寻找in public当众in the end最后,终于in no time立刻,马上in a minute立刻,马上in front of在...前面in a word一句话,总而言之in good health身体健康的do well in在...方面干的不错be interested in对...感兴趣in common共同的show great interest in对;;;感兴趣in the last/past several years在过去的几年里3.表示具体的某一天或某一天的早晨,晚上等,用on;如：In the morning I often get up at six o’clock but________Sunday morning, I get up at seven.A traffic accident happened near our school _________ the night of May 2nd, 2014.联想：on构成的固定短语：on board乘坐车,飞机on duty值班,值日on earth到底on fire着火on foot 步行on hire雇佣on holiday度假on time按时be on show展览on the right在右边on the other hand另一方面 a book on history一本关于历史的书on one’s way to在某人去...的路上4.表示时间的since, for, by, during, until1since自从后跟具体的过去时间,for后接一段时间;for和since短语所在的句子应用现在完成时,谓语动词要用延续性动词;如：Great changes have taken place in my hometown since the year 2000.We have lived in the city for about five years.(2)by+时间点,意为“到...为止”,如果by后面跟的是将来的时间点,用一般将来时或将来完成时,如果by后面跟一个过去的时间点,用过去完成时;如：I will finish eating by nine o’clock.By the end of last week, we had finished learning Unit5.(3)during+时间段,与延续性动词连用,表示某期间的动作;如：She had trained hard during the four years to get ready for London Olympic Games.(4)until+时间点,意为“道...为止”,句中的谓语动词若是非延续性动词,构成句型not...until直到...才如：We stayed there until the sunset.We didn’t go home until the sunset.(5)表示时间前后的before, afterbefore在...之前, after在...之后如：We must hand in our homework before class.After half past eleven we can relax ourselves.注意：before作为介词,还可以表示“面临,面对”如：What should you do before so many difficultiesI had nothing to say before her.三．表示方位,地点,行为对象等的介词1.表示方位的介词in, to, onin表示包含关系,意为“在;;;范围内”,on表示相邻关系,接壤；to表示相隔关系; 如：China is________ the east of Asia.Japan is ________ the east of China.Russia is ________ the north of China.2.表示“上下”等方位的介词over, under, above, below, on(1)over在;;;正上方,其反义词为under如：There is a football under the desk.I looked up and saw a plane flying over my head.(2)above表示“在;;;上方”,非垂直关系, 其反义词为below如：The plane is flying above the clouds.(3)on在;;;之上,指两者表面接触;其反义词也为under3.表示“前后”的介词和短语介词（1）in front of 在;;;前面,指在范围之外的前面,和before意义接近;如：There are some bikes in front of the teaching building.(2)behind是in front of 的反义词,意为“在;;;后面”(3)in the front of表示在范围之内的前面,其反义词组是at the back of4.by, beside在;;;旁边；between在两者之间, among在三者及以上之间（1）by和beside意义相近如：Do you know the man who is standing by the windowLucy sits beside me. She is my deskmate.(2)between指两者之间,也表示三者或多者中的每两者之间；among指三个或三个以上的事物或人之间;注意：between表示两者之间,只要构成双方关系,就可以用between如：There are so many desks in the classroom that there is hardly any room to move between them. 教室里有这么多张课桌,几乎没有空间从它们中间穿过;5.across, through穿过across从表面穿过,through穿越,穿透,透过,指从物体内部穿过;如：1When you go________ the road, you must be careful.2Which river runs________ Shanghai3 --I left my keys in the room yesterday. I had to get in________ the window.--It’s dangerous to do that.A. inB. throughC. overD. to6.表示里外的in, inside, into, onto, out of, outside(1)in在;;;之内如：My keys are in my pocket.注意：外来物“在树上”,用in,树上结出的东西“在树上”,用on如：There are some birds________ the tree.Autumn comes and some red apples________ the apple trees come into people’s eyes.(2)inside在;;;里面,到;;;里面;反义词为outside如：ListenSomeone is talking in a low voice inside the door.Don’t stay outside.(3)into到;;;内;强调空间或状态的转换;反义词为out of如：Why not go into the house and have a lookHe looked out of the window and saw some people coming back from work.注意: out of 还有“脱离,失去”等意义;如: He has been out of work for long.Fish can’t live long out of water.7.表示“靠近”的near, next to, aroundnear在;;;附近next to在;;;旁边around在;;;周围如：There is a park near our neighborhood.I didn’t remember to phone until near the end of the week.The mouse is next to my computer.That patient is next to death.The flowers and applause掌声are always around the winners.注意：around 还表示“大约”,同义词：about如：It was around/about twelve o’clock in the evening.8.表示运动方向的for, to, towards(1)for常接在leave, start等动词之后,表示运动的方向或目的地;如：They’ll leave for Beijing to attend the meeting next month.(2)to跟在go, come, return, move等动词之后,表示目的地,它既表示运动方向,又包含运动结果;如：When did you return to Guangzhou after the summer holiday(3)towards朝,向;只说明运动的方向,没有“到达”的意思如：The teacher is coming towards the classroom now.9.表示行为对象的to, at一般来说,at 同某些动词连用,表示攻击目标,含有某种程度的恶意；to则只表示方向,并无恶意;如：I threw the ball to him and he threw it at the dog.He came________me and said hello to me.A dog came________her and she was frightened受惊吓的;10.最高级结构中表示范围的of, in同类比较时,若主语和范围一致,一般用of, of后多为数词或可数名词复数；将某人/某物置于集体或环境中进行比较时,用in, in后一般是可数名词的单数;如：She is the most beautiful girl ________ the three sisters.Tom is the tallest boy________ the class.四．表示“除;;;之外”的介词1.besides除;;;之外还如：Five others were late besides me.There will be five of us for dinner, besides John.2.but, except除;;;之外;but常与否定词连用如：No one but we knows about the news.He has few friends except you in this school.He has few friends except you in this school.They all went to sleep except me.3.except for表示从整体中排除,除;;;之外,前后不是一类事物;如：The care is really wonderful except for its price.The composition is quite good except for a few spelling mistakes.五．表示方式,手段或工具的介词1.by, in, on表交通方式by bike=on a bike, by car=in a car如：Do you usually come to school by bike2.by, in with表示手段或工具（1）by表示用某种方式或手段;名此前不加冠词;如：This pair of shoes is made by hand.The old man had to make money by selling vegetables.(2)in表示使用某种语言,用墨水,颜色,颜料等;名此前不加冠词;如：Can you say it in EnglishPlease write it in ink, not in pencil.(3)with后跟具体的工具如：People here build houses with stones.I like to write with a ball pen.拓展：with常用来表示伴随,意为“有,带有”,其反义词为without如：This is a house with a garden.Fish can’t live without water.六．引出动词不定式逻辑主语的介词;1.一般情况下用for sb. to do sth如：It’s necessary for us to learn English.It’s difficult for children to read such a book.2.表示品质,性格,特征的形容词后用of sb. to do sth., 这类句型中动词不定式的逻辑主语和形容词构成主系表结构;如：It’s foolish of him to make such a decision.It’s kind of you to give me so much help.七．其它介词的用法1.as作为,as for至于如：________students we should work hard.He works________ a teacher in this school.________him, I know nothing.2.thanks to 同because of,意为“因为,由于”如：Thanks to your help, I am good at my lessons.Because of the weather, we have to put off the sports meet.八．介词的省略1.in的省略be busy in doing sth忙于做某事have difficulty/trouble in doing sth.做某事有困难in this/that way以这种/那种方法spend...in doing sth. 花费;;;做某事have a good time in doing sth. 做某事很高兴waste... in doing浪费;;;做某事There’s no use/good in doing sth.做某事有用/没有好处2.for的省略for+时间段里的for,在口语中可以省略,尤其是在肯定句中;但是在否定句中或在句首一般不可以省略;如：The rain lasted for a whole afternoon.He has been waiting for three hours.We haven’t seen each other for a long time.For a whole month, there is no rain.九．常用介词短语1.常与with连用的短语do with处置,对付go on with继续;;;agree with同意;;;be busy with忙于keep/catch up with跟上fill...with....用;;;装满;;;be familiar with...熟悉;;;be popular with...受;;;欢迎be angry with sb.生某人的气cover...with....用;;;覆盖;;;;help...with...在;;;方面帮助;;;get on well with与;;;相处的好be strict with sb.对某人要求严格be pleased with sb.对某人感到满意2.常与at 连用的短语look at看knock at敲at last最后at once立刻laugh at嘲笑;;;shoot at朝;;;射击work at致力于;;;be good at擅长;;;be weak at不擅长;;; arrive at到达某地小地方be amazed at对;;;感到吃惊3.常与on连用的短语get on上车turn on打开try on试穿put on穿上call on 号召depend on依靠,取决于live on 依赖;;;;生活spend...on...在;;;上花费;;;4.常与of连用的短语hear of听说take care of照料look out of朝外看a kind of一种a type of一种be fond of喜欢instead of代替;;;think of认为,考虑all kinds of各种各样的be proud of为;;;而骄傲be confident of对;;;有信心be tired of对;;;感到厌烦be made of由;;;制成能看出材料be scared/afraid/terrified of...害怕;;;5.常与from连用的短语come from来自于be far from距离;;;远hear from收到;;;的来信across from在;;;的对面be different from与;;;不同borrow... from...从;;;借来;;;be made from由;;;制成看不出原料6.常与for连用的短语look for寻找for example例如be late for迟到be fit for适合wait for等候pay for为;;;付款for a while一会儿as for至于,关于be sorry for为;;;感到抱歉send for派人去请;;;leave for离开去;;;ask for请求,向;;;要;;;thanks for为;;;感谢;;;get ready for为;;;做好准备be famous/known for以;;;而闻名7.常与to连用的短语get to到达turn to翻到pay attention to注意listen to听according to根据;;;be next to在;;;隔壁be friendly to对;;;友好to one’s joy使某人高兴的是be polite to sb. 对某人有礼貌to one’s surprise使某人惊讶的是。

初三知识点总结介词用法初三知识点总结：介词用法介词是英语语法中的一部分，用于连接名词、代词、动词或其他词类，以表示关系、位置、方向、时间等。

本文将对初三学生常见的介词用法进行总结。

1. 介词的基本用法介词通常位于名词或代词之前，表示其与其他句子成分的关系。

常见的介词包括：in、on、at、over、under、beside等。

例如：- We live in a small town.- Please put the book on the table.- I met him at the park.2. 表示位置和方向的介词介词常用于描述物体的位置和方向。

例如：- The cat is under the table.- He ran towards the school.- The ball rolled into the garden.3. 表示时间的介词介词也常用于表示时间，如：- I usually go shopping on Sundays.- We will have a party in the evening.- She stayed at home during the holidays.4. 表示方式、原因和目的的介词介词还可以表示方式、原因和目的。

例如：- She passed the exam with hard work.- He studied English for his future career.- We watched the movie for entertainment.5. 介词短语介词短语是由介词及其后面的宾语组成的短语。

介词短语可以用来修饰名词或者动词的。

例如：- The key to success is hard work. (修饰名词)- She is good at playing the piano. (修饰动词)6. 习惯用法有些动词或短语固定搭配特定的介词，习惯用法需要记住。

九年级中考英语语法讲解介词的用法地点介词(at、in、on 、under、over、above、below、near、by、between、among、around、around、in front of、behind、in 、into、out of、along、across、,through、to、for、from)(1) at:在某地点(表示比较狭窄的场所)at school上学at home在家at 320 xinfu district 在新抚区320号at the station 在火车站(2)in:在某地(表示比较宽敞的场所)She will arrive in shanghai at ten .10点她将到达上海。

(3)表示地点方向的on ,under ,over ,above ,below①on:在……上面，有接触面on the table 在桌子上面②above:在……上方Sometimes Juliana could hear planes above the trees.有时朱莉安娜能听到树林上空的飞机声。

③over:在……正上方，是under的反义词Over these tombs ,they built pyramids .在这些坟墓上，他们建起了金字塔。

④under：在……下面，在……之内The twin sisters put the basket under the tree .这姐俩把篮子放到了树下。

⑤below：在……下方，(不一定是正下方)Three thousand metres below her ,she could see nothing except the thick jungle .3000米以下，除了茂密的丛林之外，她什么也看不见。

(4)near ,by①near:近的，不远的(=not far)是的反义词,near还可以指时间，in the near future在不远的将来。