上海市嘉定区2019高三一模

嘉定区2018-2019 学年等级考第一次模拟考试试卷物理考生注意：1.试卷满分100 分，考试时间60 分钟。

2.本考试分设试卷和答题纸。

试卷包括三部分，第一部分为选择题，第二部分为填空题，第三部分为综合题。

3.答题前，务必在答题纸上填写学校、姓名、考场号和座位号，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上。

作答必须涂或写在答题纸上，在试卷上作答一律不得分。

第一部分的作答必须涂在答题纸上相应的区域，第二、三部分的作答必须写在答题纸上与试卷题号对应的位置。

一、选择题（第1-8 小题，每小题3 分；第9-12 小题，每小题4 分，共40 分．每小题只有一个正确答案）1.伽利略根据小球在较小倾角斜面运动的实验事实，通过合理外推得到“自由落体是匀加速直线运动”的结论。

这一过程体现的物理思想方法是（A）控制变量法（B）理想实验法（C）理想模型法（D）等效替代法2.在国际单位制中，压强的单位为帕（Pa，用基本单位表示1Pa 等于（A）1cmHg 柱（B）1atm （C）1 kgm.s2（D）1 Nm23.秋天的早晨，我们常常能看到空气中的水蒸汽在草叶上凝聚成的露珠。

在凝露的这一物理过程中，水分子间的（A）引力、斥力都减小（B）引力、斥力都增大（C）斥力减小，引力增大（D）斥力增大，引力减小4.在“用DIS 研究在温度不变时，一定质量的气体压强与体积的关系”实验中，下列操作错误的是（A（推拉活塞时，动作要慢（B（推拉活塞时，手不能握住注射器含有气体的部分（C（压强传感器与注射器之间的软管脱落后，应迅速重新装上继续实验（D（活塞与针筒之间要保持气密性5.某物体受一个力作用做匀速圆周运动，则这个力一定是(A) 大小不变、方向始终指向圆心(B) 大小不变，方向始终为切线方向(C) 大小变化、方向始终指向圆心(D) 大小变化，方向始终为切线方向6.如图，实线是一个电场中的电场线，虚线是一带电粒子仅在电场力作用下从a 处运动到b 处的轨迹，则(A)a 处的电场强度较弱(B)a、b 两处的电场强度一样大(C)该带电粒子在b 处时受电场力较小(D)该带电粒子在a、b 两处受电场力一样大7.一个弹簧振子沿x 轴做简谐运动，取平衡位置O 为x 轴坐标原点。

2019学年嘉定区高三第一次模拟考试物理试卷本试卷分第I卷和第II卷两部分。

满分150分。

考试时间120分钟。

请在答题纸上答题。

第Ⅰ卷(共56分)一．单项选择题（共16分，每小题2分。

每小题只有一个正确选项。

答案写在答题纸上相应的位置。

)1、在“油膜法”估测分子大小的实验中，认为油酸分子在水面上形成的单分子层，这体现的物理思想方法是：（A）等效替代法（B）控制变量法（C）理想模型法（D）累积法2、关于温度下列说法中正确的是（A）0K即0℃（B）分子运动越剧烈，分子的温度越高（C）温度是分子热运动剧烈程度的反映（D）温度越高的物体的内能一定越多3、关于静电场的电场线，下列表述正确的是（A）负电荷沿电场线方向移动时，电势能增大（B）沿着电场线方向，电场强度越来越大（C）负电荷沿电场线方向移动时，电势能减小（D）沿着电场线方向，电场强度越来越小4、如图所示，两端开口的U形管中装有水银，在右管中用水银封闭着一段空气，使气体缓慢升高温度，则：（A）图中两侧水银面高度差h增大（B）图中两侧水银面高度差h减小（C）气体压强增大（D）气体压强不变5、如图所示，为由基本门电路组成的四个电路，其中能使小灯泡发光的是6、如题图所示，某人静躺在椅子上，椅子的靠背与水平面之间有固定倾斜角θ。

若此人所受重力为G，则椅子各部分对他的作用力的合力大小为（A）G （B）G sin θθ（C）G cos θ（D）G tan θ7、物体在A、B两地沿直线做往返运动。

设A到B的平均速率为v1，由B 到A 的平均速率为v 2，物体往返一次，平均速度的大小与平均速率分别是（A ）0，21212v v v v （B ）0，221v v （C ）均为21212v v v v （D ）均为0 8、相隔很远、均匀带电+q 、﹣q 的大平板在靠近平板处的匀强电场电场线如图a 所示，电场强度大小均为E 。

将两板靠近，根据一直线上电场的叠加，得到电场线如图b 所示，则此时两板的相互作用力大小为（A ）0 （B ）qE（C ）2qE（D ）与两板间距有关二．单项选择题(共24分，每小题3分。

嘉定区2019年高三年级第一次质量调研数学试卷（文）本试卷共有23道试题，满分150分，考试时间120分钟．考试前，考生须将学校、姓名、考试号码等信息填写在答题纸的规定位置，并将考试号码下面相应编号的小方格涂黑．解答本试卷时请将答案写在答题纸上，写在试卷上或草稿纸上的答案一律不予评分．一．填空题（本大题满分56分）本大题共有14题，考生必须在答题纸相应编号的空格内直接填写结果，每个空格填对得4分，否则一律得零分．1．设i 是虚数单位，a 是实数，若)1)(1(ai i -+是实数，则=a ________． 2．函数22)(x x x f -=的定义域是______________．3．等差数列}{n a 中，公差1=d ，2a 是1a 与4a 的等比中项，则=1a ____________． 4．若532sin =⎪⎭⎫⎝⎛+θπ，则=θ2cos ____________． 5．设函数x x f -=)(的反函数为)(1x f -，则方程4)(1=-x f的解是_____________．6．已知正四棱柱1111D C B A ABCD -的底边长1=AB ，高21=AA ，则异面直线1BD 与AD 所成角的大小为_____________________（结果用反三角函数值表示）．7．已知向量a 、b 满足1||=a ，2||=b ，且2)(=+⋅b a a ，那么a 与b的夹角大小为________．8．若9)21(x -展开式的第3项为288，则=⎪⎭⎫⎝⎛+++∞→n n x x x 111lim 2 __________．9．设a 、R b ∈，把三阶行列式x ax 1214532+中元素3的余子式记为)(x f ，若关于x 的不等式0)(<x f 的解集为),1(b -，则=+b a ________．10．如图所示的程序框图，输出b 的结果是_________第10题图11．在10件产品中有3件是次品，从中任取4件，恰好有1件次品的概率是_________．12．若关于x 的不等式0)(<x f 和0)(<x g 的解集分别为),(b a 和⎪⎭⎫⎝⎛a b 1,1，则称这两个不等式为对偶不等式．如果不等式02cos 342<+⋅-θx x 与不等式01sin 422<+⋅+θx x 为对偶不等式，且⎪⎭⎫⎝⎛∈ππθ,2，则=θ______________．13．若函数xxk k x f 212)(⋅+-=（k 为实常数）在其定义域上是奇函数，则k 的值为__________． 14．设*N n ∈，关于n 的函数21)1()(n n f n ⋅-=-，若)1()(++=n f n f a n ，则数列}{n a 前100项的和=++++100321a a a a __________________．二．选择题（本大题满分20分）本大题共有4题，每题有且只有一个正确答案，考生必须在答题纸的相应编号上，将代表答案的小方格涂黑，选对得5分，否则一律得零分． 15．△ABC 中，“B A >”是“B A cos cos <”的……………………………………（ ） A ．充分非必要条件 B ．必要非充分条件C ．充分必要条件D ．既非充分又非必要条件 16．有下列四个命题：①三个点可以确定一个平面；②四边相等的四边形一定是菱形；③底面是等边三角形，三个侧面都是等腰三角形的三棱锥是正三棱锥； ④过球面上任意两不同点的大圆有且只有一个．其中正确命题的个数是……………………………………………………………………（ ） A ．0 B ．1 C ．2 D ．317．方程22x x=的实数解的个数是………………………………………………………（ ） A ．0 B ．1 C ．2 D ．318．对于函数)(x f y =，D x ∈，若存在常数C ，对任意D x ∈1，存在唯一的D x ∈2，使得C x f x f =)()(21，则称函数)(x f 在D 上的几何平均数为C ．已知x x f =)(，]4,2[=D ，则函数)(x f 在D 上的几何平均数为………………………………………（ ） A ．3 B ．22 C ．2 D ．2三．解答题（本大题满分74分）本大题共有5题，解答下列各题必须在答题纸相应编号的规定区域内写出必要的步骤． 19．（本题满分12分） 如图，△ABC 中，090=∠ACB ，030=∠ABC ，3=BC ，在三角形内挖去一个半圆（圆心O 在边BC 上，半圆与AC 、AB 分别相切于点C 、M ，与BC 交于点N ），求图中阴影部分绕直线BC 旋转一周所得旋转体的体积．20．（本题满分14分）本题共有2个小题，第1小题满分6已知向量)1,(sin x a =，)cos ,1(x b = ．（1）求满足a ∥b的实数x 的集合；（2）设函数2||)(b a x f +=，求)(x f 在⎥⎦⎤⎢⎣⎡-∈2,2ππx 时的值域．21．（本题满分14分）本题共有2个小题，第1小题满分6分，第2小题满分8分．为了在夏季降温和冬季供暖时减少能源消耗，可在建筑物的外墙加装不超过10厘米厚的隔热层．某幢建筑物要加装可使用20年的隔热层．每厘米厚的隔热层的加装成本为6万元．该建筑物每年的能源消耗费用C （单位：万元）与隔热层厚度x （单位：厘米）满足关系：53)(+=x kx C ．若不加装隔热层，每年能源消耗费用为8万元．设)(x f 为隔热层加装费用与20年的能源消耗费用之和．（1）求k 的值及)(x f 的表达式，并写出)(x f 的定义域；（2）隔热层加装厚度为多少厘米时，总费用)(x f 最小？并求出最小总费用．22．（本题满分16分）本题共有3个小题，第1小题满分3分，第2小题满分7分，第3小题满分6分．已知函数m x x f +=2)(，其中R m ∈，定义数列{}n a 如下：01=a ，)(1n n a f a =+，*N n ∈．（1）当1=m 时，求2a ，3a ，4a 的值；（2）是否存在实数m ，使2a ，3a ，4a 构成公差不为0的等差数列？若存在，求出实数m 的值，并求出等差数列的公差；若不存在，请说明理由．（3）若正数数列{}n b 满足：11=b ，m b f b n n 2)(21-=+（*N n ∈），n S 为数列}{n b 的前n 项和，求使2010>n S 成立的最小正整数n 的值．23．（本题满分18分）本题共有3个小题，第1小题满分5分，第2小题满分7分，第3小题满分6分．设函数xa x x f +=)(（R a ∈），函数)(x g 的图像与函数)(x f 的图像关于点)2,1(A 对称．（1）求函数)(x g 的解析式；（2）若关于x 的方程a x g =)(有且仅有一个实数解，求a 的值，并求出方程的解； （3）若函数)(x f 在区间),2[∞+上是增函数，求a 的取值范围．。

2019 学年嘉定区第一学期高三化学教课质量检测试卷请在答题卷上答题。

满分100 分，考试时间60 分钟。

相对原子质量：H-1 C-12 N-14 O-16 Ｓ -32 I-127 Cu-64一.选择题（此题共 40 分，每题 2 分，只有一个正确选项，答案涂写在答题卷上）1．以下对于氯气性质的描绘错误的选项是A ．无色气体B．能溶于水C．有刺激性气味 D ．光照下与氢气反响2．符号“2p”没有给出的信息是A ．能级B．电子层C．电子亚层D．电子云在空间的伸展方向3.以下烷烃命名错误的选项是A ． 2-甲基戊烷B． 3-乙基戊烷C． 3,4-二甲基戊烷 D ． 3-甲基己烷4．同位平素用做环境剖析指示物，以下对同位素的说法正确的选项是A ．34S 原子核内的中子数为 16B ．16O 与18O 的核电荷数相等C．13C 和15N 原子核内的质子数相差 2 D．2H+质量与1H+的质量同样5．拥有以下电子排布式的原子中，半径最大的是A 、 1s22s22p63s23p1 B、 1s22s22p3C、 1s22s22p2D、 1s2 2s22p6 3s23p46．某晶体中含有极性键，对于该晶体的说法错误的选项是A ．不行能有很高的熔沸点B．不行能是单质C．可能是有机物D．可能是离子晶体7．配制必定物质的量浓度的溶液时，要用到以下仪器中的A B C D8．以下制绿矾的方法最适合的是A ． FeO 与稀H2SO4 B．Fe屑与稀H2SO4C．Fe(OH )2与稀H2SO4 D．Fe2( SO4)3与Cu粉9．以下离子能大批共存是A ． H+、 AlO 2-、CO32- B． K +、 Ba2+、 SO42-C．NH 4+、OH -、 NO3- D． Fe3+、 NO 3-、Cl -10．X 、 YA ． XB．XC．X 是元素周期表ⅦA族的两种元素。

以下表达能说明原子的电子层数比Y 原子的电子层数多的含氧酸的酸性比Y 的含氧酸的酸性强的气态氢化物比Y 的气态氢化物稳固X 的非金属性比Y 强的是D.Y 的单质能将X 从 NaX 的溶液中置换出来11．钢铁在海水中的腐化过程如右图所示，相关说法正确的选项是A．该腐化过程为析氢腐化B ．正极的反响为：O2+ 2H—2O + 4e→4OHC．碳上发生的是氧化反响D．若该钢铁上焊有铜钉，其被腐化的速率将减小12．元素 X 、 Y 、 Z 和 Q 在周期表中的地点以下图，此中元素Z 原子的最外层电子数之和为17，以下说法错误的选项是A ．原子半径 (r) ： r(Q) ＞ r(Y) ＞ r(Z)B．元素 X 有 -4， +2、 +4 等多种价态Q 位于第周围期，X、Y、C．Y 、 Z 的氧化物对应的水化物均为强酸D．能够推断H 3QO4是 Q 的最高价氧化物的水化物13．以下装置不可以达到相应实验目的的是A．收集氨气B．提纯工业乙醇C．制取少许CO2D．测定乙醇构造14．已知将甲醇蒸气转变为氢气的反响原理是：CH 3OH(g) ＋ 1/2O2(g) → CO2(g)＋ 2H 2(g) ＋ 192.9 kJ以下说法正确的选项是A ． 1 gCH 3OH(g) 完整焚烧放出192.9 kJ 的热量B．1 molCH 3OH(l) 完整焚烧放出的热量大于192.9 kJC．图中甲为CH 3OH(g) ＋1/2O 2(g)，乙为 CO2(g) ＋ 2H2(g)D． CH3OH 转变为 H 2的过程需要汲取能量15． 25Ⅶ时，浓度同样的Na2CO3和 NaHCO 3溶液，以下判断错误的选项是A ．粒子种类不一样B． c(Na+ )前者大于后者C． c(OH ﹣ )前者大于后者D．分别加入 NaOH 固体， c(CO3 2﹣ )均增大16．将 1 mol H 2（ g）和 2 mol I 2(g) 置于某 2L 密闭容器中，在必定温度下发生以下反响，并达到均衡： H 22(g) 2HI(g)+Q(Q>0) 。

学霸学习提醒一、课本是最好的老师。

要注重基础，反复研读课本，巩固基础知识。

二、要养成良好的学习习惯。

良好的学习习惯是高效率掌握知识的保障。

三、要保持良好的学习状态，自信踏实，刻苦努力，以饱满的精神迎接新一天的挑战。

四、课堂上：专心听讲是第一位。

事实证明，自以为是的确是不好的习惯。

同样的例题，自己看懂与听老师讲懂是完全不同的两种效果。

五、建议同学们在课外多投入些时间做题，并且要从心里重视数学。

还应该准备一个错题本，老老实实地将每次错过的题抄在上面，并写上正确的解题思路，变不懂为精通。

特别提醒：请学习稍差的同学一定不要放弃，哪怕到最后一学期，也不能放弃。

只要按照老师说的去做，只要塌实地付出了，就一定会有奇迹出现。

永远不要放弃拼搏，因为奇迹只发生在相信奇迹存在的人身上！！！嘉定区2018-2019学年度第一学期期末质量监控试卷高三英语2018.12（满分140分，完卷时间120分钟）I. Listening ComprehensionSection A （10分）Directions:In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1.A.Classmates. B. Boss and secretary. C. Colleagues. D. Teacher and student.2.A.To have a barbecue with her family. B. To go for a ride around town.C. To go to the supermarket in John's car.D. To go shopping with the man.3.A.The woman should find a spare key . B. They should come downstairs.C. The woman should be more careful next time.D. They should think of a solution.4.A. To the man's studio . B. To the man's company.C. To the railway station.D. To the subway station.5.A.Impatient. B. Worried. C. Annoyed D. Regretful.6. A. He isn't sure. B. He'll go by bus.C. He'll go by train.D. He'll go by plane.7.A.The concert is very impressive B. She regrets paying for the concert.C. Applause encourages the singer .D. Almost everyone loves pop music.8. A. The plane's departure time remains unknown. B. The plane will leave at 9:14.C. The man has gone to a wrong check-in counter.D. The man has just missed his flight.9.A.She wants to take more optional courses .B. She thinks the course is wonderful.C. She couldn't understand the professor's lecture.D. She doesn't think the course is useful.10.A.He eats too much when playing chess. B. Chess is his favorite game.C. He doesn't enjoy chess as much as he used to.D. He won't join the chess club.Section B （15分）Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and a longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. To run some classes. B. To organize meetingsC. To collect information.D. To grow their own food12. A. To plant these seeds in his garden. B. To get new fruits and vegetables.C. To exchange them with his friends.D. To encourage others to sell their seeds.13. A. The gardening meeting is intended to share gardening skills.B. People are increasingly concerned with environment and health.C. Those present at the gardening meeting exchange seeds with one another .D. People got together in Washington D.C to discuss the environmental issues.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. It is a busy, crowded and booming place. B. It is suffering from increasing crime.C. It is a peaceful, friendly and convenient town.D. It is clean and pretty, but a little bit poor.15. A. It might lower their wages. B. It will change their way of life.C. It might cost them their jobs.D. It will cause a fierce competition.16. A. She is going to compete in the Olympics. B. She is an experienced debater.C. She leads the fight against the Wal-Mart storeD. She works in the local coffee shop. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. Keep comparing options with your family. B. Read product reviews every day.C. Telephone the local store for a discount.D. Make enough investigations.18. A. To take her time to avoid hasty purchaseB. To spend another year looking for a favorite carC. To go to the local car companies to make detailed investigationD. To make a careful comparison and choose an ideal car as soon as possible.19. A. He is careful but hesitant. B. He is changeable and hasty.C. He is decisive and confident.D. He is fashionable but envious.20. A. Everyone has his own way to make a purchase.B. One can't make a good purchase without reading product reviews.C. Few people can resist the temptation of ads of newly released product..D. Comparing options when purchasing helps save money in the long run.II. Grammar and vocabularySection A (10分)Directions:After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.People are being lured(引诱) onto Facebook with the promise of a fun, free service, (21) ________ realizing that they're paying for it by giving up plenty of personal information. Facebook then attempts to make money by selling their data to advertisers that want to send___（22）____ (target) messages.Most Facebook users don’t realize this is happening. Even if they know what the company is up to, they still have no idea (23)______ they’re paying for Facebook, because people don’t really know what their personal details are worth.The biggest problem, however, is that the company keeps changing the rules. Early on, you could keep everything private. That was the great thing about Facebook -- you could create your own little private network. Last year, the company changed its privacy rules (24)____ ____ many things -- your city, your photo, your friends’ names -- were set, by default（默认）, to be shared with everyone on the Internet.According to Facebook’s vice president Elliot Schrage, the company is simp ly making changes to improve its service, and if people don’t share information, they have a “(25)____ (satisfying) experience.”Some critics think this is more about Facebook looking to make more money. Its original business model, (26)____ involved selling ads and putting them at the side of the page, totally failed. Who wants to look at ads when they are connecting with their friends online?So far the privacy issue (27)______ (land) Facebook in hot water in Washington. In April, Senator Charles Schumer called on Facebook to change its privacy policy. He also urged the Commission to set regulations for social-networking sites.I suspect that whatever Facebook has done (28)____ (invade) our privacy is only the beginning, which is why I’m considering (29)______ (cancel) my account. Facebook is a handy site, but I’m upset by the idea that (30)______ information is in the hands of people I don’t trust. That is too high a price to pay. Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. combiningB. analyzedC. concernD. tremendouslyE. effectiveF. appliedG. actually H. common I. limited J. assessing K. testGetting help with parenting makes a difference -- at any ageNew Oxford University study finds that parenting interventions（育儿干预）for helping children with behavior problems are just as effective in school age, as in younger children.There is a dominant view among scientists and policy-makers. They believes, for the greatest effect, interventions need to be __31__ early in life, when children’s brain function and behavior are thought to be more flexible. However, according to the new research, it’s time to stop focusing on when we interven e with parenting, and just continue helping children in need of all ages.Just published in Child Development, the study is one of the first to __32__ this age assumption. Parenting interventions are a common and effective tool for reducing child behavior problems, but studies of age effects have produced different results until now.A team led by Professor Frances Fardner __33__ data from over 15,000 families from all over the world, and found no evidence that earlier is better. Older children benefited just as much as younger ones from parenting interventions for reducing behavior problems. There was no evidence that earlier interventions are more powerful. This was based on __34__ data from more than 150 different experiments.What’s more, their econo mic analysis found that interventions with older children were __35__ more likely to be cost-effective.Professor Gardner commented: “When there is __36__ about behavioral difficulties in younger children, our findings should never be used as a reason to delay intervention, otherwise, children and families will suffer for longer.” She continued, “As for __37__ parenting interventions for reducing behavior problemsin childhood, we should stick to the principle, ‘it’s never too early, never too late’, rather than ‘earlier is better’.”The study draws the conclusion that it makes sense to invest in parenting interventions for children at all ages with behavioral difficulties, because they are no more likely to be __38__ in younger than older children, at least in the pre-adolescents.Of course, there’s more work to be done. The experiments conducted were __39__ to pre-adolescents, to shorter-term effects, and parent-reported assessment of child outcomes. Future studies are needed that focus on adolescents, longer-term outcomes, and using multiple sources for __40__ child behavior problems.III. Reading ComprehensionSection A (15分)Directions:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Marmoset monkeys exist on a branch of the evolutionary three that is distinct from the one that led to humans. But they constantly astonish researchers with __41__ behavior that seems pretty highly evolved. Their social organization and __42__ practices could have been the model for the phrase “It takes a village.” A dominant male and female breed, and their babies are carefully looked after by extended family members who then aren’t free to bree d themselves.A new study further __43__ the marmoset’s reputation for admirable community values. Researchers report that these caregivers share their food more generously with little ones __44__ than when they’re surrounded by the watchful eyes of other community members. In complex societies where individuals band together for __45__ protection, researchers have come up with a few widely accepted explanations for selfless behavior. But specific acts, like sharing a delicious cricket（蟋蟀）with a begging baby marmoset, seem to need more __46__ explanation.One possibility is that an individual practices __47__ as a means of enhancing his status among peers. By __48__ that he is so well gifted with material goods that he can give some away, this do-gooder enhances his power within the group. That, in turn, may __49__ prospective mates. The other explanation for charitable behavior __50__ that kindnesses extended to others are simply the fees of group membership, which offers some future promise of a chance to mate. Failure to share would result in exclusion from the group and a loss of __51__ partners. Scientists call this the “pay to stay” model. Importantly, for both of these models to work, acts of kindness must have a(n) __52__. That suggests you would see more sharing in group settings; away from judging eyes, a caregiver might be more likely to keep food for himself or herself. And yet, in 2,581 tests conducted with 31 adult and 14 baby marmosets, the __53__ appeared to be true.Anthropologists（人类学家）from the University of Zurich carefully documented how often ,in groups and in conditions that found caregiver and baby separated from the crowd, an adult would share his or her cricket. When alone with a baby begging for a taste, adult marmosets shared their cricket 85% of the time. When in a group, caregivers offered up their cricket 67% of the time. "Our results show that helping in common marmosets is not driven by reputation management or 54 avoidance," the study author reported. "Rather, it is driven by a deep-down motivation to help that is more 55 expressed when individuals are alone with young.”41. A. animal B. careful C. social D. individual42. A. evolving B. communicating C. organizing D. parenting43. A. shines B. damages C. affects D. protects44. A. at play B. in private C. on schedule D. by accident45. A. adequate B. effective C. continual D. mutual46. A. creative B. complex C. specific D. official47. A. generosity B. wisdom C. independence D. governance48. A. promising B. demonstrating C. pretending D. explaining49. A. count on B. go after C. appeal to D. benefit from50. A. assumes B. confirms C. enhances D. concludes51. A. regular B. dominant C. potential D. previous52. A. atmosphere B. audience C. feedback D. judge53. A. statistics B. expectations C. argument D. opposite54. A. responsibility B. punishment C. arrangement D. difficulty55. A. strongly B. casually C. delicately D. fearlesslySection B (22分)Directions:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)One day a little boy, annoyed by his father's decision for him to become a grocer, decides that he will never grow up. Grocery is a dull job and staying a child is his protest against it. This strange little boy-man, never separated from a tin drum he is always banging, is our hero of the table. It covers three crucial decades of 20th century history. Little Oscar Matzerath will experience love, war and imprisonment in a story that paints an unforgettable picture of Central Europe between 1923 and 1954.This is an overview of the story of The Tin Drum, the most famous work by the German Nobel-winning author Günter Grass, who passed away on April 13 at the age of 87. The Tin Drum also established Grass as one of the leading authors of Germany. It also set a high bar of comparison for all of his following works. Just as his best-known fiction is both the story of an individual and of an age, so it is that Grass' life cannot be understood without referring to the history of Germany. He was called "Germany's conscience", because he reminded Germans of a past during the Second World War (1933-1945) that many would have rather forgotten.This sometimes made him unpopular. Many Germans did not agree in 1989 when he said that East Germany and West Germany should remain separate, as a united country would be too strong and threaten the world's peace. And Grass was called a hypocrite when he revealed in his memoirPeeling the Onion (2006) that he had been a teenage member of the Waffen-SS, the Nazi (纳粹)Party's fighting force. The man who had blamed the actions of others had a less-than-perfect record himself.Grass was a man of the pen and the page and also a man with a gift for speaking to the public.His writing was noisy and annoying, but one had to listen to it, a little like the sound of the drum banged by his most famous literary creation.56. In The Tin Drum, the hero ________.A. decides he will never grow up to escape from the warB. doesn't want to become a grocer as his father expectsC. refuses to be separated from the tin drum he is playingD. has an unforgettable experience involving love and hatred57. What does the underlined word "hypocrite" mean?A. Someone who has justice on his side and pursues perfection.B. Someone who enjoys blaming others for their own mistakes.C. Someone who is unwilling to believe there is good in people.D. Someone who pretends to be more virtuous than one really is.58. It can be inferred from the article that ________.A. Oscar Matzerath's stories were modeled on Grass's own childhood lifeB. critics applauded Grass's argument for continued separation of GermanyC. Grass's life and works can be best understood from a historical perspectiveD. no other writer in Germany could be Grass's equal in perfect personal record59. What is the author's purpose in writing the article?A. To analyze what has made The Tin Drum so popular in Germany.B. To introduce the readers to Günter Grass and his most famous work.C. To present the history of Germany through the pen and page of Grass.D. To give some background information about Grass's early life as a writer.(B)Bees in a colony work with each other to gather food, and they try to find the most nectar (花蜜)in the least amount of time possible. A small number of bees work as searchers, but when a good flower patch (花丛) is found, how do they tell other bees where to find it?Bees communicate flower location using special dances inside the hive, where bees live. One bee dances while the other bees watch. The dancing bee smells like the flower patch, and also gives the watching bees a taste of the nectar she has gathered. Smell and taste helps other bees find the correct flower patch. Bees use two different kinds of dances to communicate information: the waggle (摇摆) dance and the circle dance.Waggle danceThe waggle dance tells the watching bees two things about a flower patch's location: the distance and the direction away from the hive.A. DistanceThe dancing bee waggles back and forth as she moves forward in a straightline, then circlesaround to repeat the dance. The length of the middle line, called the wagglerun, shows roughly how far it is to the flower patch.B. DirectionBees know which way is up and which way is down inside their hive, and they use this to show direction. How? Bees dance with the waggle run at a specific angle away from straight up. Outside the hive, bees look at the position of the sun, and fly at the same angle away from the sun.Circle danceThe circle dance tells the watching bees only one thing about the flower patch’s location:that it is somewhere close to the hive.In this dance, the bee walks in a circle, turns around, then walks the same circle in the opposite direction. Sometimes, the bee includes a little waggle as she’s turning around. The duration of this waggle is thought to indicate the quality of the flower patch.60.Why does the searcher give the watching bees a taste of the nectar?A. To inform them of the distance of the flower.B. To celebrate her success of finding the nectar.C. To motivate them to collect the nectar.D. To ensure the bees find the right patch.61.Which of the following statements is TRUE about the dances?A. The searcher’s waggle means little during the circle dance.B. The waggle dance indicates the direction of the flower patch.C. The waggle dance shows precisely how far the flower patch is.D. The quality of the flower patch is not shown in the circle dance.62.If the searcher dances inside the hive in this way(see the right picture), which of the following is the WRONG flying direction for the other bees?( C )Earth’s geologic ages---time periods defined by evidence in rock layers----typically last more than three million years. We’re barely 11,500 years into the current age ,the Holocene. But a new paper argues that we’ve already entered a new one—the Anthropocene, or “new man”, age.The name isn’t brand-new. Nobel Prize winner Paul Crutzen, a co-author of the paper, coined it in2002 to reflect the changes since the industrial revolution. The paper, however , is part of new push to formalize the Anthropocene age.Recent human impacts have been so great that they’ll result in an obvious boundary (界限) in Earth’s rock layer, the author’s say. “We are so skilled at using energy and exploiting the environmen t that we are now a defining force in the geological process on the surface of the Earth,” said co-author Jan Zala, a geologist with the University of Leicester in the UK. Even so, it could take years or even decades for the International Union of Geological Science to formalize the new age.If the concept of the Anthropocene age is to be formalized , scientists will first have to identify and define a boundary line ,or marker, that’s set in stone. “The key thing is thinking about how—thousands of years in the future---geologist might come back and actually recognize in the deposit in the UK.” It’s not as straightforward as you might think. The market has to be very precise, and it has to be recognized in many different parts of the world,” said Haywood,who wasn’t involved in the new study.One candidate for the market is the distinctive radioactive signature left by atom bomb tests, which began in 1945. “The fallout (沉降) is basically across the world,” Haywood said. In a similar way, scientists used traces of the element iridium (铱) left by shooting star strikes to help define the boundary between the Cretaceous and Tertiary periods---the time of the great dinosaur extinctions.The push for a formal declaration of the Anthropocene age is about more than just scientific curiosity. The move the scientists write in the last issue of the journal Environmental Science & Technology, “might be used as encouragement to slow carbon emissions and biodiversity(生物多样性)loss” or “ as evidence on protection measures” Ju st as Haywood said, by underlining how much we're changing the environment, the formalization would be "a very powerful statement”.63. Which of the following is TRUE about the new paper?A. It denies the existence of the Holocene age.B. It documents the recent human impacts on earth.C. It pushes for the formalization of the Anthropocene age.D. It serves as a warning against the current mineral exploitation.64. Haywood's words in paragraph 4 indicate that___________________.A. the key to formalizing the new age is to find a deposit record set in stoneB the marker has to appear in various places globally to be considered validC. finding a marker is a straightforward way to define the beginning of an ageD. future geologists may find it hard to recognize the markers we choose today65. What can you infer from the passage?A. The element iridium may work as a marker for the Anthropocene age.B. The Nobel Prize winner Crutzen invented the name Holocene in 2002.C. The formalization of the new age may send a message for eco-protection.D Human activities have resulted from the change of boundaries in rock layers.66. What is the best title for the passage?A. Humans Are Destroying the Earth, Geologists WarnB. Too Early to Set Things in Stone, Authorities SayC. More Evidence Is Needed, Universities RequireD. A New Earth Age May Begin, Scientists ArgueSection C (8分)Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A. She is perfectly made for doing what she does, it seems.B. Adventurers are clearly different from the rest of us.C What she did was really beyond our imagination.D. It seems that many adventurers spend their lives trying to live up to the image of a parent.E. And most of us would prefer it to remain that way.F. Many adventurers have amazed the world with their extraordinary skills.Why do some people feel obliged to do the craziest things, while most of us are happy to sit on the sofa and watch their exploits on TV? Robin Styles ponders(考虑)this question.Generally, we love to watch someone's bravery and drama--a single person against the wilds of nature, testing their endurance beyond belief. And our pleasure is greater because we live a comfortable and increasingly risk-free life, where the greatest test of endurance is getting to work through the rush hour. _____67_____However, there are countless ways to test the limits of your endurance, if you should wish to do so, by attempting something unpleasant, uncomfortable or just plain dangerous.American Lynne Cox swims in sub-zero temperatures through the planet's most dangerous oceans wearing only a swimsuit--for fun! According to Lynne, there is always something driving her on. At age 9, when she was swimming in an outdoor pool one day, a violent storm blew up, but she refused to get out of the pool. Something make her carry on. Then she realized that, as the water got colder and rougher, she was actually getting faster and warmer, and she was really enjoying it. At age 14, she broke her first endurance record. Years later, experts discovered that Lynne has a totally even layer of body fat, like a seal. ____68______.The famous British explorer, Sir Ranulph Fiennes, has led many major expeditions (远征) in the extreme cold, including walking right round the Arctic Circle. He has also led expeditions in the extreme heat, and discovered the Lost City of Ubar in the Omani desert. ____69_____Sir Fiennes has said, "If I am getting sick, I find a very powerful way of conquering it is to know that my father would have definitely done it."____________There is probably no such thing as a "normal" adventurer. Unsurprisingly, risk-takers tend to be single-minded and unusually determined people who hate the stability and routine that most people prefer. They tend to take risks for the "fun" of it. The excitement becomes addictive, and they want more and more of it. Ordinary life seems boring in comparison.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Take care of your spine (脊柱)The spine stands at the center of your health, providing your body with structure and support. It also contains your spinal cord, a massive collection of nerves conveying electric signals from the rest of yourbody to your brain. Since your spine is so central to health, it's important to look after it.Maintain good posture (姿势)is one of the most important things you can do to keep you spine healthy. Proper posture means standing or sitting while keeping your spine straight, except for its natural curves. Posture comes into play even when you're asleep. Sleeping on you side puts less stress on your spine than most other positions. Staying still for too long----even if your posture is good---can be hard on your back. Especially if you look at a desk most of the day, it's important to get up and stretch periodically.Exercise is also an important factor in the health of your spine. Stretches can help the muscles around your spine relax and allow bones to shift into better arrangement. Strength exercises like pushups can also help by strengthening the muscles around your spine. However, don't overdo the exercise, as repeated motions can strain the muscles around your spine.Finally, your diet affects the health of your spine because many vitamins are necessary for bones and nerves. In particular, B vitamins and omega-3 fatty acids keep nerves healthy, so you may want to consider taking a supplement. Another important factor is vitamin D, which is essential for strong bones. Vitamin D can come from some foods, but it's also absorbed from sunlight, so it may help to do some of those back exercises outside.Many of the actions necessary to keep your spine healthy are identical to those need to preserve your health in other ways. So protect our back, and the rest of body will benefit.V. Translation（15分）Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72．任何人都不可能轻而易举获得成功。

2019年上海市嘉定区高考地理一模试卷副标题一、单选题（本大题共20小题，共40.0分）1.2018年11月5日中国首届国际进口博览会在上海开幕，这是我国推进新一轮高水平对外开放的重大决策。

这有利于我国（）A. 获得国际贸易规则制定权B. 提高人民生活质量C. 提高进口商品的技术标准D. 降低进口商品关税2.2018年7月27日晚，我国大部分地区都观察到了月全食。

此时，日地月的相对位置（白色为光照面）可能是（）A. 甲B. 乙C. 丙D. 丁3.2018年2月7日，我国第五个南极科考站罗斯海新建站（74°50′S）举行选址奠基仪式。

此后三个月内，罗斯海新建站的正午太阳髙度（）A. 逐渐变大B. 逐渐变小C. 先变大再变小D. 先变小再变大4.玄武岩具有出色的抗压抗折性能，是修筑公路、铁路、机场跑道的良好材料。

形成玄武岩的主要地质作用是（）A. 喷出冷凝B. 侵入冷凝C. 高温变质D. 固结成岩5.非洲板块与亚欧板块碰撞，造就了多种多样的地表形态。

它们包括（）①红海②地中海③东非大裂谷④阿尔卑斯山脉A. ①②B. ①③C. ②④D. ③④6.如图是我国云贵高原某地等髙线地形图。

图示区域的地形特点是（）A. 北陡南缓的山地B. 北缓南陡的山地C. 北陡南缓的“天坑”D. 北缓南陡的“天坑”7.不同的天气系统产生不同的天气现象。

如图所示的天气系统为（）A. 台凤B. 冷锋C. 暖锋D. 准静止锋8.“至三月（农历），桃花水至则河决”是《水经注》中关于河水的描述，三月出现水决堤的原因可能是（）A. 地形平坦，水流缓慢B. 泥沙沉积，水流不畅C. 髙山冰川融水量最大D. 冰雪消融，河水猛涨9.水循环由多个环节组成。

下列地理现象中，属于“水汽输送”环节的是（）A. 长江东流B. 台风登陆C. 海水倒灌D. 黄河凌汛10.风海流产生的主要动力是行星风系。

与北太平洋暖流形成相关的动力是（）A. 中纬西（南）风带B. 中纬西（北）风带C. 东南信风带D. 东北信风带11.武汉己总体规划了6大放射状绿色生态走廊：①大东湖水系；②武湖水系；③府河水系；④后官湖水系；⑤青菱湖水系；⑥汤逊湖水系。

上海市长宁、嘉定高考一模语文试卷（附答案）（满分150分，时间150分钟）一、积累应用（10分）1.按要求填空。

（5分）（1）闻道有先后，，如是而已。

（韩愈《师说》）（2）可堪孤馆闭春寒，。

（秦观《·郴州旅舍》）（3）《诗经·采薇》中“昔我往矣，杨柳依依”以乐景衬哀情。

杜甫《登楼》中也有以乐景衬哀情的一联是“，”。

2. 按要求选择。

（5分）（1）小明留学三年完成了学业即将回到家乡，他想写一句话来抒发自己的思归之情，以下句子合适的一项是（）（2分）A.叶落归根。

B.父母在，不远游，游必有方。

C.浩荡清淮天共流，长风万里送归舟。

D.云横秦岭家何在？雪拥蓝关马不前。

(2)填入下面语段空白处的词句，最恰当的一项是（）（3分）无论是面对大自然的灾难，还是日常生活的挫折，抑或是异性的拒绝，诗人都保有一颗赤子之心，，满怀欣喜地去摄取其中的养料，甚至能够在否定的现象中挖掘肯定的因素。

A.因此总是被激发出无尽的想象力B.因此总是能够激发无尽的想象力C.并且总是被激发出无尽的想象力D.并且总是能够激发无尽的想象力二、阅读(70分)（一）阅读下文，完成第3-7题。

（16分）剧作家与戏剧性①一出戏演完了，当你随着人流涌出剧场的时候，常常听到这样的议论声：“不错，真有戏！”或者是：“我都要睡着了，没戏！”“有戏”或“没戏”是观众评价一出戏的常用标准。

可是，究竟什么是“戏”呢？我们通常所说的“戏剧性”究竟涉及一些什么问题？剧作者该如何对待“戏剧性”呢？②美国戏剧理论家贝克曾经对“戏剧性”一词进行了探讨，他说：“在日常用语中，‘戏剧性的’这个词的意思有三个：（1）戏剧的材料；（2）能产生感情反应的；（3）在剧场条件下完全可以上演的……只有第一、二两个定义才合乎‘戏剧性’，而第三个则应该是‘剧场性’。

同时，第一个定义太抽象，可以不用。

那么‘戏剧性的’就只专用于‘能产生感情反应’，那么各种混淆也就一扫而清了。

”可是，如果我们认真探讨这个结论，就会由此生发出一系列新的问题：剧作家究竟靠什么“产生感情反应”？为了得到观众的“感情反应”，剧作家应该注意哪些问题呢？剧作家同小说家、抒情诗人都要使读者、观众“产生感情反应”，他们的工作又有什么区别呢？③英国的威廉•阿契尔在《剧作法》一书中指出：“关于戏剧性的唯一真正确切的定义是：任何能够使聚集在剧场中的普通观众感到兴趣的虚构人物的表演。

2018 学年嘉定区第一学期高三化学教学质量检测试卷（时间60 分钟，满分100 分）考生注意：1．本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分，答题必须涂或写在答题纸上；做在试卷上一律不得分。

2．答题前，考生务必在答题纸上用钢笔或圆珠笔在答题纸正面清楚地填写姓名、准考证号。

3．答题纸与试卷在试题编号上是一一对应的，答题时应特别注意，不能错位。

相对原子质量：H-1 O-16一、选择题（共40 分，每小题 2 分。

每小题只有一个正确答案）1. 下列物质属于电解质的是A. NaCl 溶液B.SO 3C. NaOHD. Cu2. 常温常压下呈气态的化合物，降温使其固化得到的晶体一般属于（）A ．原子晶体B ．离子晶体C．金属晶体 D ．分子晶体3. 下列仪器无定量的要求的是：A. 量筒B. 分液漏斗C. 滴定管D. 容量瓶4. 有六种微粒，它们分别是1490M 、2400N 、1480X 、1490Q ＋、2400Y 2＋、1470Z －，它们所属元素的种类为 A. 3 种 B. 4 种 C. 5 种 D. 6 种5. 下列物质属于两性氧化物的是：A . Al（OH）3 B. Fe2O3 C. Al2O3 D. Al6. 下列物质与铁反应不可能使铁显示+2 价的是：A. ＳB. Cl2C. 稀硫酸7. 下列属于取代反应的是A．苯与氢气在镍的催化下反应C．乙烷与氯气在光照条件下反应D. CuSO4 溶液B．甲烷在空气中燃烧D．乙烯使溴的四氯化碳溶液褪色8. 下列微粒的表示方法能确定为氟离子的是12．鉴别乙酸、乙醛不能选用的试剂是A ．银氨溶液B ．碳酸氢钠C ．新制氢氧化铜D ．酚酞试液13． CO 和 NO 都是汽车尾气中的有害气体，它们在催化转换器中能反应生成氮气和CO 2， 对此反应，下列说法中错误的是A ．改变压强不可以改变反应速率B ．使用催化剂能同时增加正、逆反应的速率C ．增加压强能增加反应速率D ．升高温度能增加吸热方向的反应速率14．实验室从干海带中提取碘的操作过程中，仪器选用错误的是A ．称取一定质量的干海带 —— 电子天平B ．灼烧干海带至完全变成灰烬 —— 蒸发皿C ．过滤海带灰水混合物 —— 漏斗D ．在海带灰浸取液中加入适量氯水后，用四氯化碳提取碘 —— 分液漏斗15．已知下列元素的半径为： 原子N S O SiA. X D.9. 某化工生产反应历程的能量变化如右图， 过程 I 没有使用 催化剂，过程Ⅱ使用了 催化剂， 则可判断催化剂除了能改变反应速率外，还可以改变的是A. 生产能耗B. 反应的完成程度C. 反应物的状态D. 反应热效应A ．泡沫灭火器B ．氯化铵和消石灰制备氨气C ．明矾净水D ．草木灰不宜与铵态氮肥混合使用11．X 元素最高氧化物对应的水化物为 H 2XO 3，则它对应的气态氢化物为：A.HXB. H 2XC. XH 3D. XH 4A ．0.80 ×10 10mB ．1.10 ×10 10mC ． 1.20 ×10 10mD ．0.70 ×10 10m 16．有关右图装置的说法中正确的是A ．若两电极直接连接， a 是食盐水，则发生析氢腐蚀B．若两电极直接连接， a 是食盐水，则负极反应是：2＋Fe-2e→Fe2＋C．若铁接电源负极，石墨接电源正极，极上的多a是食盐水，左侧电极上析出的气泡比右侧电D ．若铁接电源负极，石墨接电源正极， a 是氯化铜，铁上有气泡17．将二氧化硫气体通入KIO 3 淀粉溶液，溶液先变蓝后褪色。

答案要点及评分标准一积累运用 10分1.（5分）（1）（2分)妆楼颙望八声甘州（2）（2分)驽马十驾，功在不舍（3）（1分)月有阴晴圆缺2.（5分）（1）A（2分) （2）B（3分）二阅读 70分（一）阅读下文，完成第3-7题。

（16分）3.（3分）直接佐证微博很给力的判断（1分），引出下文要讨论的话题（1分）：微时代来临，微生活无处不在。

（1分）4.（2分）微现象悄然无声地影响着（1分）人们的现实生活。

（1分）5.D（3分）6.B（3分）7.（5分）提示：文章中集体迷失的相关内容可以是“全民如此狂热地参与一场表达”或“微时代是庸众社会的前兆”或“是否预示着精英的消解”。

或“它只影响到行为，并没有影响到精神，”只要论证其中的一点就行。

答题示例：如王宝强离婚事件——王宝强作为一个影视明星，在微博上揭发抨击其妻马蓉，引起大量粉丝围观评论，（2分）超过了对同期进行的奥运赛事的关注，众人扒出他的各时段家事，对马蓉进行攻击，谩骂，（1分）全民集体狂热参与，对他人家事指手画脚，过分消费，制造庸众社会（2分）或（人们发表言论的渠道是便捷了，人们的道德精神并没有相应提高。

）评分标准：微现象2分，表现1分，文中观点1分，具体分析1分。

（二）阅读下文，完成第8-11题。

（15分）8.（4分）第①段开篇直接点题，（1分）首先从“生活姿态”“寻找自我”“人生境界”三个层次解释“清欢”，确立了全文的结构思路，（1分）继而用对比性文字描述了清欢生活的直观特点，（1分）字里行间透露出作者对清欢生活的喜爱之意，为全文奠定了感情基础。

（1分）9.（3分）窗子和镜子是比喻说法，是说人需要认识外部世界，也需要认识自己。

（1分）然而，如何认识世界、认识自我，根本还是取决于人自己的心态（1分），所以窗子或镜子并不重要。

（1分）10.（4分）“字”是用做记录和固定记忆的，而“水”又是流动不定的。

（1分）将生命的历程比作水上的字，形象地写出了生命的流动性和人生记忆的转瞬即逝（1分）。