水工建筑物英语词汇

水利工程专业英语词汇(整理版) 1. 工程与建筑（Engineering and Construction）- 水利工程：Water conservancy engineering- 水资源：Water resources- 水文学：Hydrology- 水文数据：Hydrological data- 水资源管理：Water resources management- 水库：Reservoir- 水库调度：Reservoir operation- 水坝：Dam- 防洪工程：Flood control engineering- 排水系统：Drainage system- 供水系统：Water supply system- 灌溉系统：Irrigation system- 泥沙运移：Sediment transport- 土壤侵蚀：Soil erosion2. 水文测量（Hydrometry）- 流量：Discharge- 水位：Water level- 降雨量：Rainfall- 蒸发量：Evaporation- 蓄水量：Storage capacity- 波浪：Wave- 水流速度：Water flow velocity- 水质监测：Water quality monitoring- 数据采集：Data collection- 自动化监测：Automated monitoring- 水文站：Hydrological station- 抽水站：Pumping station- 测站布点：Site selection for monitoring stations 3. 水利设施（Hydraulic Structures）- 输水渠道：Conduit- 闸门：Sluice gate- 溢流堰：Overflow weir- 涵洞：Culvert- 泵站：Pumping station- 水闸：Watergate- 脉动：Pulsation- 型流：Uniform flow- 示宽曲线：Rating curve- 水头：Water head- 消能：Energy dissipation- 喷泉：Fountain4. 水资源可持续利用（Sustainable Water Resource Utilization）- 水资源保护：Water resource conservation- 水资源评估：Water resource assessment- 水资源规划：Water resource planning- 水资源经济学：Water resource economics- 水资源法律法规：Water resource laws and regulations- 水资源政策：Water resource policies- 水资源分配：Water resource allocation- 水资源效率：Water resource efficiency- 水价：Water price- 水治理：Water governance- 水污染防治：Water pollution prevention and control以上列举了一些常见的水利工程专业英语词汇，希望对您有所帮助。

虹吸溢洪道 siphon spillway倒虹吸管 inverted siphon防洪限制水位 restricted stage for flood prevention 非常溢洪道 emergency spillway非溢流重力坝 nonoverflow gravity dam过坝建筑物 structures for passing dam过木建筑物 log pass structures过鱼建筑物 fish-pass structures护坡 slope protection输水建筑物 water conveyance structure水工建筑物 hydraulic structure校核洪水位 water level of check flood泄水建筑物 discharge structure枯水期 low water period取水建筑物 water intake structure施工导流 construction diversion水利工程 hydraulic engineering，water project 水利枢纽 hydraulic complex拦河闸 river sluice水土流失 water and soil loss通航建筑物 navigation structure土石坝 earth-rock dam橡胶坝 rubber dam校核洪水位 water level of check flood泄水重力坝 overflow gravity dam有效库容 effective storage水库特征库容 Characteristic capacity of reservoir 水库特征水位 Characteristic level of reservoir支墩坝 buttress dam重力坝 gravity dam鱼道 fish canal。

岸墙?land wall ?? ?? ???坝顶?dam crest，dam top 坝踵?dam heel 坝趾?dam toe 板桩?sheet pile 边墩?side pier，land pier 变形模量?deformation modulus鼻坎?bucket lip毕肖普法?Bishop method冰压力?ice pressure 剥离?desquamation侧槽式溢洪道?side channel?? Spillway 沉降?settlement齿墙?cut-off trench 冲沙闸（排沙闸）?silt-releasing Sluice纯拱法?independent arch method 刺墙?key-wall大头坝?massive-head buttress dam ??? *buttress?是扶壁的意思单宽流量?discharge per unit width单曲拱坝?single-curvature arch dam挡潮闸?tidal sluice 导流隧洞?river diversion tunnel倒悬度?Overhang degree 底流消能?energy dissipation by underflow 地震作用?earthquake action 垫座?cushion abutment动水压力?hydrodynamic pressure断层?fault堆石坝?rock-fill dam多拱梁法?multi-arch beam method阀门?valve gate防浪墙?wave wall防渗铺盖?impervious blanket非常溢洪道?emergency spillway分洪闸?flood diversion sluice副坝?auxiliary dam?刚体极限平衡法?limit equilibrium method for rigid block拱坝?arch dam 拱冠梁?crown cantilever拱冠粱法?crown cantilever method 工作桥?service bridge固结灌浆?consolidation grouting 灌溉隧洞?irrigation tunnel灌浆帷幕?grout curtain 管涌?piping 海漫?apron extension横缝?transverse joint 虹吸式溢洪道?siphon spillway蝴蝶阀?butterfly valve 护坡?slope protection 护坦?apron弧形闸门?radial gate 滑雪道式溢洪道?ski-jump spillway化学管涌?chemical piping 混凝土防渗墙?concrete cut-off wall 混凝土面板堆石坝?concrete faced rock-fill dam基本断面?primary section 简化毕肖普法?simplified Bishop method 浆砌石拱坝?stone masonry arch dam 交通桥?traffic bridge 接触冲刷?contact scouring 接触灌浆?contact grouting 浆砌石重力坝?stone masonry gravity dam 接缝灌浆?joint grouting截水槽?cut-off trench节制闸?check sluice 进水口?water inlet进水闸?inlet sluice 井式溢洪道?shaft spillway静水压力?hydrostatic pressure均质坝?homogeneous earth dam抗滑稳定分析?analysis of stability against sliding抗滑稳定性?stability against sliding空腹重力坝?hollow gravity dam 空化?cavitation空蚀?cavitation erosion空注阀?hollow jet valve宽缝重力坝?slotted gravity dam宽尾墩?flaring pier廊道?gallery浪压力?wave force理论计算?theoretical computation拦河闸?river sluice 沥青混凝土?asphalt concrete连拱坝?multiple-arch dam流土soil flow流网法?flow net method锚杆?anchor rod 面板?face slab面流消能?energy dissipation by surface flow模型试验?model experiment泥沙压力?silt pressure碾压混凝土坝?Roller Compacted Concrete Dam牛腿?Corbel排沙隧洞?silt-releasing tunnel排水?drainage排水闸?outlet sluice喷混凝土?sprayed concrete平板坝?flat slab buttress dam平面闸门?plane gate破碎带?crushed zone铺盖?blanket 砌石护坡?stone pitching人工材料面板坝?artificial material faced dam人工材料心墙坝?artificial material-core dam溶洞?solution cavern 软基重力坝?gravity dam on soft foundation软弱夹层?soft intercalated layer 实用断面?practical section试载法?trial-load method 双曲拱坝?double-curvature arch dam水工建筑物?hydraulic structure水工隧洞?hydraulic tunnel，waterway tunne水力发电隧洞?hydropower tunnel 水利枢纽?hydro-complex水力学方法?hydraulics method 水平施工缝horizontal joint水闸?sluice弹性模量?elastic modulus挑流消能?energy dissipation by trajectory jet土工膜?geomembrane土石坝?earth-rock dam土质斜墙坝?earth dam with inclined soil wall土质斜心墙坝?earth dam with inclined soil core土质心墙坝?earth dam with soil core 帷幕灌浆?curtain grouting温度荷载?temperature load温度控制?temperature control 温度应力?temperature stress温度作用?temperature action 无压隧洞?free level tunnel消力池?stilling pool消力戽?roller bucket消能工?energy dissipater泄洪隧洞?spillway tunnel泄水建筑物?discharge structure泄水孔?outlet hole新奥法?NATM（New Austrian Tunneling Method）胸墙?breast wall 扬压力?uplift溢洪道spillway水垫塘?plunge pool溢流坝?overflow dam、翼墙?wing wall 应力分析?stress analysis优化设计?optimization design 有限单元法?finite element method有压隧洞?pressure tunnel 闸墩?pier闸门?gate 闸门槽?gate slot 正槽式溢洪道?normal channel spillway整体式重力坝?monolithic gravity dam趾板?toe slab 支墩坝?buttress dam 重力坝?gravity dam重力墩?gravity abutment 周边缝?peripheral joint ?驻波?standing wave锥形阀?cone valve自由跌流?free drop自重?dead weight纵缝?longitudinal joint键槽?key strench伸缩缝?contraction joint施工缝?construction joint反弧段?flip bucket拦污栅?trash rack渐变段?transition?泄槽?chute发电进水口?powerintake通气管?air vent 检修门?bulkhead gate 事故门?emergencygate工作门?service gate 堰?weir通气管?air vent 胸墙?breastwall梁?beam柱?column 回填混凝土?backfill concrete 接地?earth一期混凝土?primary concrete 二期混凝土?secondary concrete叠梁门?stoplog 门机gantry crane 止水? waterstop钢筋?reinforcement模板?formwork围堰?cofferdam马道?bench；berm蜗壳?volute 水轮机?turbine 电站?power house车间?workshop 发电机?generator 变电站?transformer station副厂房?auxiliary power house 安装间?erection bay 尾水闸门?tail lock 尾水渠?tailrace 引水渠?approachchannel前池?fore bay 导墙?lead wall 隔墙?partition wall 接触灌浆?contact grouting回填混凝土?backfill concrete 帷幕灌浆?curtain grouting挡墙?retaining wall港口?harbour港口建筑物?port structure船闸?navigation lock 船闸充水和泄水系统 ?locking filling and emptying system船闸充水?lock filling船闸前池?upper pool船闸上下游水位差?locklift船闸闸首?lock head 升船机?ship elevator；ship lift 鱼道?fishcanal旁通管?by-pass 齿槽?cut-off wall。

水利水电工程专业英语词汇施工总平面布置(施工总体布置) construction general layout 施工组织Consruction Programming 施工组织设计construction planning 施工坐标系（建筑坐标系）construction coordinate system 湿化变形soaking deformation 湿润比percentage of wetted area 湿润灌溉wetting irrigation 湿室型泵房wet-pit type pump house 湿陷变形系数soaking deformation coefficient 湿陷起始压力initial collapse pressure 湿陷系数(湿陷变形系数) coefficient of collapsibility 湿周wetted perimeter 十字板剪切试验vane shear test 石袋honeycomb 时均流速time average velocity 时均能量time average energy 时效硬化(老化) age hardening (ageing) 时针式喷灌系统(中心支轴自走式系统) central pivot sprinkler system 实测放大图surveyed amplification map 实腹柱solid column 实际材料图primitive data map 实时接线分析real time connection analysis 实时控制real-time control实时数据和实时信息real time data and real time information 实体坝solid dike 实体重力坝solid gravity dam 实物工程量real work quantity 实验站experimental station 实用堰practical weir 示流信号器liquid-flow annunciator 示坡线slope indication line 示误三角形error triangle 示踪模型tracer model 事故failure (accident) 事故备用容量reserve capacity for accident 事故低油压tripping lower oil pressure 事故音响信号emergency signal (alarmsignal)事故运行方式accident operation mode 事故闸门emergency gate 事故照明accident lighting 事故照明切换屏accident lighting change-over panel 势波potential wave 势流potential flow 势能potential energy 势涡(自由涡) potential vortex 视差parallax 视差法测距（基线横尺视差法）subtense method with horizontal staff 视差角parallactic angle 视准线法collimation line method 视准轴（照准轴）coolimation axis 试验处理treatment of experiment 试验端子test terminal 试验项目Testing item 试验小区experimental block 试运行test run 试运行test run 收敛测量convergence measurement 收敛约束法convergence-confinement method 收缩断面vena-contracta 收缩缝(温度缝) contraction joint (temperature joint) 收缩水深contracted depth 手动[自动]复归manual [automatic] reset 手动[自动]准同期manual [automatic] precise synchronization 手动调节manual regulation 手动控制manual control 手动运行manual operation 手工电弧焊manual arc welding 首曲线（基本等高线）standard contour 首子午线（本初子午线，起始子午线）prime meridian 受油器oil head 枢纽布置layout of hydroproject 疏浚dredging 输电系统transmission system 输电线transmission line 输入功率试验input test 输沙量sediment runoff 输沙率sediment discharge 输水钢管steel pipe for water conveyance 输水沟conveyance ditch 输水建筑物waterconveyance structure 输水渠道water conveyance canal 鼠道mole drains 鼠道犁mole plough 鼠笼型感应电动机squirrel cage induction motor 竖井定向测量shaft orientation survey 竖井贯流式水轮机pit turbine 竖井联系测量shaft connection survey 竖井排水drainage well 竖井式进水口shaf tintake 竖轴弧形闸门radial gate with vertic alaxes 数字地面模型digital terrain model （DTM）数字化测图digitized mapping 数字通信digital communication 数字图像处理digital image processing 数字仪表digital instrument甩负荷load dump (load rejection,load shutdown) 甩负荷试验load-rejection test (load-shutdowntest) 双层布置double storey layout 双调节调速器dual-regulation governor 双扉闸门double-leaf gate 双回线double-circuit line 双击式水轮机cross flow turbine,Banki turbine 双极高压直流系统bipolar HVDC system 双金属标bimetal bench mark 双列布置double row layout 双母线接线double-bus connection 双曲拱坝double curvature arch dam 双曲拱渡槽double curvature arch aqueduct 双室式调压室double-chamber surge shaft 双吸式离心泵double-suction pump 双向挡水人字闸门bidirectional retaining mitre gate 水泵[水泵水轮机的水泵工况]的反向最大稳态飞逸转速steady state reverse runaway speed of pump 水泵比转速specific speed of pump 水泵并联扬程曲线head curve of parallel pumping system 水泵参数与特性Parameters and characteristics of pump水泵串联扬程曲线head curve of series pumping system 水泵的最大[最小]输入功率maximum[minimum] input power of pump 水泵电动机机组Motor-pump unit 水泵反常运行pump abnormal operating水泵工况(抽水工况) pump operation 水泵工作点(水泵工况点) pump operating point 水泵供水water feed by pump 水泵机械效率mechanical efficiency of pump 水泵机组pump unit 水泵类型Classification of pumps 水泵零部件Components of pumps 水泵流量pump discharge 水泵容积效率volumetric efficiency of pump 水泵输出功率output power of pump 水泵输入功率(水泵轴功率) input power of pump 水泵水力效率hydraulic efficiency of pump 水泵水轮机Pump-turbine 水泵无流量输入功率no-discharge power of pump 水泵效率pump efficiency 水泵扬程(水泵总扬程) total head of pump 水泵站Pumping Station 水泵装置pump system 水锤(水击) water hammer 水锤泵站hydrauli cram pump station 水锤波(水击波) wave of water hammer 水锤波波速wave velocity of water hammer 水电站Hydroelectric Station 水电站(水力发电站) Hydroelectric station (hydroelectric power station) 水电站保证出力firm power, firm output 水电站厂房(发电厂房) power house 水电站厂房的类型Types of power house of hydroelectric station 水电站出力power output of hydropower station 水电站出力和发电量Power and energy output of hydropower station 水电站的水头、流量、水位Waterhead, discharge, water lever of hydropower station 水电站发电成本generation cost of hydropower station 水电站发电量energy output of hydropower station 水电站建筑物hydroelectric station structure 水电站经济指标Economie index of hydropower station 水电站类型Types of hydroelectric station 水电站引用流量quotative discharge of hydropower station 水电站装机容量installed capacity of hydropower station 水电站自动化automation of hydroelectric station 水跌hydraulic drop 水动力学Hydrodynamics 水斗bucket 水斗式水轮机(贝尔顿式水轮机) pelton turbine 水工建筑物hydraulic structure 水工建筑物的类别及荷载Classification and load of hydraulic structures 水工建筑物级别grade of hydraulic structure 水工金属结构及安装Metal Structures and Their Installation 水工隧洞hydraulic tunnel 水工隧洞Hydraulic tunnels 水工隧洞构造Components of hydraulic tunnel 水工隧洞类型Classification of hydraulic tunnels 水管冷却pipe cooling 水柜water pool 水环真空泵liquid ring pump 水灰比water-cement ratio 水窖(旱井) water callar(dry wall) 水静力学Hydrostatics 水库并联运用operation of parallel-connected resertvoir 水库测量reservoir survey 水库串联运用operation of serial-connected reservoirs 水库调度reservoir operation 水库调度图graph of reservoir operation 水库回水变动区fluctuating back water zone of reservoir 水库浸没reservoir immersion 水库控制缓洪controlled flood retarding 水库库底清理cleaning of reservoir zone 水库泥沙Reservoir sediment 水库泥沙防治Prevention of sediment 水库年限ultimate life of reservoir 水库渗漏reservoir leakage 水库水文测验reservoir hydrometry 水库塌岸bank ruin of reservoir 水库特征库容Characteristic capacity of reservoir 水库特征水位Characteristic level of reservoir 水库泄空排沙sediment releasing by emptying reservoir 水库蓄清排浑clear water impounding and muddy flow releasing 水库淹没补偿compensation for reservoir inundation 水库淹没处理Treatment of reservoir inundation 水库淹没处理范围treatment zone of reservoir inundation 水库淹没界线测量reservoir inundation line survey 水库淹没区zone of reservoir inundation 水库淹没实物指标material index of reservoir inundation 水库异重流density current in reservoir 水库异重流排沙sediment releasing by density current 水库诱发地震reservoir induced earthquake 水库淤积Sediment deposition in reservoir 水库淤积测量reservoir accretion survey 水库淤积极限limit state of sediment deposition in reservoir 水库淤积平衡比降equilibrium slope of sediment deposition in reservoir 水库淤积上延(翘尾巴) upward extension of reservoir deposition 水库淤积纵剖面longitudinal profile of deposit in reservoir 水库滞洪排沙flood retarding and sediment releasing 水库自然滞洪free flood retarding 水冷式空压机water-cooled compressor 水力半径hydraulic radius 水力冲填hydraulic excavation and filling 水力冲填坝hydraulic fill dam水力冲洗式沉沙池hydraulic flushing sedimentation basin 水力粗糙度hydraulic roughness 水力粗糙区hydraulic roughness region 水力共振hydraulic resonance 水力光滑区hydraulic smooth 水力机械Hydraulic Machinery 水力机械与电气设备HYDRAULIC MACHINERY AND ELECTRIC EQUIPMENT 水力机组hydropower unit 水力机组测试Measurement and test for hydropower unit 水力机组的安装和试运行Installation and starting operation of hydropower unit 水力机组调节系统Regulating system of hydropower unit 水力机组辅助系统Auxiliary system for hydropower unit 水力开挖hydraulic excavation 水力坡降(水力比降) hydraulic slope (energy gradient) 水力破裂法(水力致裂法) hydro fracturing method 水力侵蚀(水蚀) water erosion 水力学Hydraulics 水力要素(水力参数) hydraulic elements 水力指数hydraulic exponent 水力自动闸门hydraulic operating gate 水力最优断面optimal hydraulic cross section 水利工程经营管理management and administration of water project 水利计算Computation of water conservancy 水利区划zoning of water conservancy 水利枢纽hydroproject 水利水电工程等别rank of hydroproject 水利水电工程规划PLANNING OF HYDROENGINEERING 水利水电工程技术术语标准Standard of Technical Terms on Hydroengineering 水利水电工程勘测SURVEYAND INVESTIGATION FOR HYDROENGINEERING 水利水电工程施工CONSTRUCTION OF HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING 水量分布曲线water distribution curve 水流动力轴线(主流线) dynamic axis of flow 水流连续方程continuity equation of flow 水流流态State of flow 水流阻力和能头损失Flow resistance and head loss 水轮泵站turbine-pump station 水轮发电机Hydraulic generator 水轮发电机hydraulic turbine-driven synchronous generator (hydro-generator) 水轮发电机组Hydraulic turbine-generator unit 水轮发电机组hydraulic turbine-generator unit 水轮机hydraulic turbine, water turbine 水轮机[水泵]额定流量rated discharge of turbine[pump] 水轮机安装Installation of hydraulic turbine 水轮机安装高程setting of turbine 水轮机保证出力guaranteed output of turbine 水轮机比转速specific speed of turbine 水轮机参数和特性Turbine parameters and turbine characteristics水轮机层turbine storey (turbine floor) 水轮机的机械效率mechanical efficiency of turbine 水轮机的容积效率volumetric efficiency of turbine 水轮机的水力效率hydraulic efficiency of turbine 水轮机调节系统turbine regulating system 水轮机调节系统静特性试验static characteristic test of regulation system of hydraulic turbine 水轮机调速器turbine governor 水轮机额定输出功率(水轮机额定出力) rated output of turbine 水轮机飞逸转速runaway speed of turbine 水轮机工况(发电工况) turbine operation 水轮机空载流量no-load dischargeof turbine 水轮机类型Classification of turbines 水轮机零、部件Components of hydraulic turbine 水轮机流量turbine discharge 水轮机模型试验model test of turbine 水轮机磨蚀与振动Erosion and vibration of hydraulic turbine 水轮机气蚀系数cavitation factor of turbine,cavitation coefficient of turbine 水轮机设计水头design head of turbine 水轮机试运行Test runof hydraulic turbine 水轮机室turbine casing 水轮机输出功率(水轮机出力) turbine output 水轮机输入功率turbine input power 水轮机水头(水轮机净水头) turbine net head 水轮机吸出水头损失suction head loss of turbine 水轮机效率turbine efficiency 水轮机压力管道(高压管道) penstock 水轮机引水室turbine flume 水轮机主轴turbine main shaft 水轮机最大输出功率(水轮机最大出力) maximum output of turbine 水轮机最高效率maximum efficiency of turbine 水面曲线water surface profile 水面蒸发量evaporation from water surface 水能waterpower, hydropower 水能计算hydropower computation 水能开发方式Types of hydropower development 水能利用Water power utilization 水能利用规划waterpower utilization planning 水能资源(水力资源) waterpower resources, hydropower resources 水泥比表面积specific surface of cement 水泥罐cement silo 水泥水化热hydration heat of cement 水泥体积安定性soundness of cement 水平底坡horizontal slope 水平地质剖面图geological plan 水平度levelness 水平沟horizontal ditches 水平阶地horizontal terraces 水平位移工作点operative mark of horizontal displacement水平位移观测horizontal displacement observation 水平位移基点datum mark of horizontal displacement 水生态学hydrobiology 水头water head 水头损失head loss 水头预想出力expected power, expected output 水土保持soil and water conservation 水土保持工程措施Soil and water conservation works 水土保持规划Planning of soil and water conservation 水土保持林业措施Afforestation measures for soil and water conservation 水土流失Soilandwaterloss 水土流失(土壤侵蚀) soil erosion(soil and waterloss) 水位water stage (water level) 水位、流速、流量Water stage, flow velocity, flow discharge 水位传导系数coefficient of water level conductivity 水位调节装置water level regulator 水位计water-level gauge 水位流量关系曲线stage-discharge relation curve 水位信号water-level indicating signal 水位站water stage gauging station 水文测验hydrometry 水文测站hydrometrical station 水文测站和站网Hydrometrical station and network 水文地质Hydrogeology水文地质基础Basichydrogeology 水文地质试验Hydrogeologicaltest 水文地质图hydrogeological map 水文调查hydrological investigation 水文分析计算Hydrological analysis and computation 水文观测hydrological observation 水文观测Hydrological observation and measurement 水文过程线hydrograph 水文核技术nucleartechnology in hydrology 水文计算Hydrologic computation 水文计算及水文预报Hydrological Computation and Forecasing 水文空间技术space technology in hydrology 水文模型hydrological model 水文年鉴hydrological almanac(hydrological yearbook) 水文频率曲线hydrological frequency curve 水文手册hydrological handbook 水文统计hydrological statistics 水文图集hydrological atlas 水文遥测技术hydrological telemetering technology 水文要素hydrological data 水文预报Hydrological forecast 水文站hydrometrical station 水文站网hydrological network 水文资料整编hydrological data processing 水系(河系,河网) hydrographic net(river system) 水下爆破under water blasting 水下地形测量underground topographic survey 水下混凝土浇筑underwater concreting 水下接地网under water earthed network 水压力hydraulic pressure 水跃hydraulic jump 水跃长度length of hydraulic jump 水跃高度height of hydraulic jump 水跃函数hydraulic jump function 水跃消能率coefficient of energy dissipation of hydraulic jump 水运动学Hydrokinematics 水运动学及水动力学Hydrokinematics and hydrodynamics 水闸sluice (barrage) 水闸类型Classification of sluices 水闸组成部分Components of sluice 水质water quality 水质标准water quality standard 水质监测站water quality monitoring station 水质评价water quality assessment 水质污染Water quality pollution 水质预报water quality forecast水中起动starting in water 水中起动力矩starting torque in water 水柱water column 水坠坝sluicing siltation earth dam 水准测量leveling 水准点benchmark 水准路线leveling line 水准器分划值（水准器角值，水准器格值）scale value of level 水准网平差adjustment of leveling network 水准仪（水平仪）level 水准仪与经纬仪Leveland theodolite 水资源water resources 水资源规划water resources planning 水资源开发利用Development and utilization of water resources 水资源开发利用water resources development 税金tax 顺坝longitudinal dike (training dike) 顺坡(正坡) positive slope 顺行波advancing downstream wave 顺序控制系统sequential control system 顺直型河流straight river 瞬动电流instantaneous acting current 瞬发雷管(即发雷管) instantaneous blasting cap 瞬时沉降(弹性沉降,初始沉降,形变沉降) initial settlement 瞬时单位线instantaneous unit hydrograph 瞬时电流速断保护(无时限电流速断保护) instantaneous over current cut-off protection 瞬时流速instantaneous velocity 瞬态法finite increment method 死库容(垫底库容) dead storage 死区dead band 死水位minimum pool level(dead water level) 松动爆破loosening blasting (crumbling blasting) 松方loose measure 松散系数bulk factor 素混凝土(无筋混凝土) plain concrete 素图simple map 速动时间常数promptitude time constant 速度环量velocity circulation 速度三角形velocity triangle 速凝(瞬时凝结) quick set (flash set) 速凝剂accelerator 塑料导爆管(传爆管) plastic primacord tube 塑限(塑性限度,塑性界限含水量) plastic limit 塑性铰plastic hinge 塑性指数plasticity index 溯源冲刷[淤积] backward erosion[deposition] 算术平均粒径arithmetic mean diameter 算术平均水头arithmetic average head 算术平均效率arithmetic average efficiency 随动系统servo system 随动系统不准确度inaccuracy of servosystem 随机波random wave 随机性水文模型(非确定性水文模型) stochastic hydrological model 碎部点（地形特征点）detail point 碎裂结构clastic structure 碎屑结构clastic texture 隧洞衬砌tunnel lining 隧洞导流tunnel diversion 隧洞渐变段tunnel transition section 隧洞开挖tunnel excavation 隧洞排水tunnel drainage 隧洞钻孔爆破法(隧洞钻爆法) drill-blast tunneling method 损失容积(死容积) lost volume 缩限(收缩界限) shrinkage limit 锁坝closure dike 锁定装置dog device (latch device,gate lock device) 锁锭装置locking device (checking device) 它励(它激) separate excitation 塔式进水口tower intake 踏面rolling face 台车式启闭机platform hoist 台阶结构面step structural plane 台阶掘进法heading and bench method 坍落度slump坍落拱collapse arch 探槽exploratoryt rench 探洞exploratory adit 探井exploratory shaft 探坑exploratory pit 碳素钢(碳钢) carbon steel 塘堰pond 掏槽孔(掏槽眼) cut hole 套管casing pipe 套闸(双埝船闸) doubledike lock 特大暴雨extraordinary rainstorm 特大洪水extraordinary flood 特高压(特高电压) ultra-high voltage (U.H.V.) 特类钢(C类钢) type C steel 特殊地区施工增加费additional cost for special condition 特殊荷载specia lload (unusual load) 特殊荷载组合special load combination 特性和参数Characteristics and parameters 特性阻抗(波阻抗) characteristic impedance (wave impedance) 特征线法characteristics method 特征斜率characteristic slope 梯段爆破bench blasting 梯级水电站cascade hydroelectric station 梯形堰trapezoidal weir 锑恩锑(三硝基甲苯) TNT (trinitroto luene) 提升式升船机lifting type ship lift 提水灌溉pumping irrigation 提水排水pumping drainage 体积模量bulk modulus 体积压缩系数coefficient of volume compressibility 天然骨料natural aggregate 天然密度(天然容重) natural density(naturalunitweight) 天文潮astronomical tide 田间持水量field capacity 田间工程farml and works 田间排水沟(墒沟) field ditch 田间排水试验experiment for farm land drainage 田间渠系farm canal system 田间水利用系数water efficiency in field 田间需水量(田间耗水量) water consumption on farmland 填埋式管(上埋式管) buried pipe line 填石笼gabion 填筑filling 填筑含水量placement water content(placement moisture content) 挑坎(挑流鼻坎) flip bucket。

水工建筑物术语1．坝 dam阻拦或拦蓄水充、壅高或调节上游水位的挡水建筑物。

顶部不泄水的称非溢流坝，顶部泄水的称溢流坝。

2．坝轴线 dam axis代表坝位置的一条横贯河谷的线。

3．重力坝 gravity dam主要依靠自身重力，抵抗壅水作用于坝体的推力以保持稳定的坝。

4．拱坝 arch dam平面呈拱向上游的曲线形坝，主要依靠拱的作用将壅水作用于坝体的推力传至两岸，以保持稳定的坝。

5．支墩坝 buttress dam由一系列支墩和其上游挡水结构组成的坝6．土石坝 earth-rock dam; embankment dam用土、砂、砂砾石、卵石、块石、风化岩等材料经碾压或填筑建成的坝。

7．混凝土坝 concrete dam用混凝土筑成的坝。

8．橡胶坝 rubber dam; flexible dam; fabric dam锚着于底板上，以聚酯或橡胶为基质合成纤维织物形成袋囊，经充水（气）后形成的坝。

9．丁坝 spur dike; groin一端接河岸，一端伸向整治线，在平面上形成丁字形，坝轴线与流向交角分上挑、下挑或正挑的横向整治建筑物。

10．顺坝 training dike一端接河岸，一端向下游延伸，坝轴线与流向平行或成一锐角，引导水流的纵向整建筑物。

11．溢洪道 spillway从水库向下游泄放超过水库调蓄能力的洪水，以保证工程安全的泄水建筑物。

12．堰（溢流堰） weir在顶部溢流的挡水、泄水建筑物。

13．围堰 coffer dam用于水下施工的临时性挡水设施。

14．水工隧洞 hydraulic tunnel在山体中或地面以下开挖的，具有封闭形断面和一定长度的过水建筑物。

15．深式进水口 deep water intake人水库水面下一定深度处引水的水工隧洞或坝下埋管的首部建筑物。

16．堤坝式水电站 dam type hydropower station用筑坝集中河段落差，形成发电淼砂的水电站。

结构专业常用英语词汇1. 一般术语房屋建筑工程building engineering 土木工程civil engineering 建构筑物construction works 结构structure基础foundation地基ground; foundation soils 木结构timber structure 砌体结构masonry structure 钢结构steel structure 混凝土结构concrete structure 特种结构special engineering structure房屋建筑building 工业建筑industrial building 民用建筑civil building 水工建筑物marine structure 剪力墙结构shear wall structure 混合结构mixed structure 板柱结构slab-column system 框架结构frame structure 壳结构shell structure 拱结构arch strucuture桁架结构truss网架结构space grid structure 悬索结构cable-suspended structure框架-剪力墙结构frame-shear wall structure筒体结构tube structure 高耸结构high-rise structure 斜拉桥cable stayed bridge 悬索桥suspension bridge 桁架桥trussed bridge 拱桥arch bridge 引桥approach span 桥墩pier隧道tunnel 混凝土坝concrete dam渠道channel2. 结构构件构件member 部件component; assembly parts 梁beam截面section 板slab; plate 柱column 墙wall 壳shell 桁架truss框架frame刚架rigid frame排架bent frame 简支梁simply supported beam 悬臂梁cantilever beam 连续梁continuous beam 叠合梁superposed beam 伸缩缝expansion and contraction joint截水沟(天沟)catch ditch;intercepting channel 排水沟drainage ditch 护坡slopeprotection;revetment 挡土墙retaining wall 止水sealing; seal;节点joint桩pile沉降缝settlement joint 防震缝aseismic joint施工缝construction joint基础梁foundation beam 桩承台pile cap;bearing platform底板 bottom slab水池顶板basin top slab现浇墙板cast-in-place wallpanel预制墙板pre-cast wall panel 钢筋混凝土框架reinforced concreteframe 钢筋混凝土柱reinforced concrete column先张法预应力混凝土管桩pretensioned spun concrete piles 钢筋混凝土现浇板 cast-in-placereinforced concrete slab斜梁 stringer 平台梁 beams of platform 女儿墙 parapet人孔盖板 manhole cover集水坑catchment pit 溢流槽 flood relief channel 爬梯ladder牛腿 bracket仪表槽盒支架instrument trench support 电缆支架cable trench support 支撑brace支架support3. 结构材料预埋件embedded plate 钢板steel plate 钢圆环 steel ring plate 雨水篦子板 rain water grating 钢筋reinforcing bar I 级 grade I热轧光圆钢筋hot rolled plain steel bars 热轧带肋钢筋hot rolled ribbed steel bars插筋anchor rebar 钢筋锚固长度bond length of rebars 钢筋搭接bar splicing 箍筋stirrup 纵向钢筋longitudinal bar 弯起钢筋bent-up bar钢筋间距rod spacing;bar spacing搭接长度overlapping length 胀锚螺栓 expansion bolts 螺母nut锚栓anchor bolt地脚螺栓foundation boltM30六角螺帽M30 six angle screw cap 外露100，丝扣80outcrop 100mm，thread 80mm垫片 washerC40混凝土C40 concrete: class 40早强剂early-strength admixture细石混凝土fine aggregate concrete 防冻附加剂antifreeze admixture 配合比mixture ratio抗渗等级P8 seepage class:抗压强度compression strength 混凝土保护层厚度minimum concrete cover 普通硅酸盐水泥ordinary portland cement 砂sand卵石pebble 碎石crushed stone砾石gravel骨料aggregate 水泥cement 粘土砖clay brick 垫层cushion4. 地基基础扩展基础spread foundation 地基ground,foundation soils 刚性基础rigid foundation 独立基础single footing 联合基础combined footing 条形基础strip founcation 壳体基础shell foundation 箱形基础box foundation 筏形基础raft foundation 桩基础pile foundation沉井基础open caisson foundation大直径桩基础cylinder pile foundation 土岩组合地基soil-rock composite ground地基允许变形值allowable subsoil deformation地基处理ground treatment 复合地基composite foundation 强夯dynamic compaction 支档结构retaining structure 基坑工程excavation engineering 高应变动力检测high strain dynamic testing of piles单桩竖向抗压静载试验vertical compressionbearing capacity static test forsingle pile 单桩水平静载试验lateral bearing capacity static test for single pile单桩竖向抗拔静载试验vertical up-lifting bearing capacitystatic test forsingle pile 单桩竖向抗压极限承载力vertical ultimate compress bearing capacity of a single pile桩侧摩阻力skin frictionresistance 桩顶水平位移lateral displacement 桩端阻力end bearingresistance单桩静载试验static test of single pile单桩水平极限承载力ultimate lateralbearing capacity fora single pile单桩竖向抗拔极限承载力ultimate vertical up-lifting bearing capacity for a single pile 素填土 Plain Fill 粉土Silt粉质粘土 Silty Clay 淤泥质粉质粘土Sludgy Silty Clay 粉砂Silty Sand 高压缩性 high compressibility 中粗砂medium sand 中等压缩性 medium compressibility 中细砂fine sand低压缩性 low compressibility 可塑~硬塑状态 plastic-hard plastic 泥质粉砂岩 Muddy Silty stone 流塑状态 flow plastic粉砂质泥岩 Silty mudstone 局部软塑状态 partly soft plastic 泥岩 Mudstone饱和saturated 强风化 high weathered 松散incompact中等风化 medium weathered 轻微裂缝 slight defective pile 断桩 breakage of pile桩身完整pile of body integrity缩颈pile diameter reduction缺陷 defect压缩系数coefficient of compressibility 渗流 seepage flow内聚力（粘聚力）cohesion5. 钢结构钢结构 steel structure 底漆paint primer涂层coating 中间漆intermediate painting 油漆，涂料 paint 面漆 finish coat 流坠hanging透底 disclosure皱皮 wrinkle 漏涂 miss painting 返锈 rust again漆膜厚度 film thickness 结构构件 structural member 垂直支撑vertical bracing 桁架truss小立柱 post WA325钢格栅板 WA325 grating 斜梁 stringer踏步板 treads钢梯 steel stairway 踏步钢格板 grating for stair tread 斜梯栏杆 guard rails不锈钢栏杆 stainless steel handrail预制场地 prefabrication area 平台栏杆 GR of platform原材料 raw material半成品 semi-finished goods 除锈 remove rust, cleaning 切割 cutting 喷砂 sand blasting 打磨坡口 grinding型钢 section steel 热轧工字钢hot-rolled I-beam steel 热轧钢板 hot-rolled plates 热轧不等边角钢hot-rolled unequal-legangle steel热轧等边角钢hot-rolled equal-leg angle steel热轧H型钢hot-rolled H steel 热轧槽钢hot-rolled channel steel 无缝钢管 seamless steel pipes扁钢 strap steel 不锈钢板stainless steelplate 垂直度 verticality 分片组装be assembled bysections现场成框framed at site焊缝 weld seam V型坡口V-type bevel 焊缝高度 weld height 焊枪 welding gun 焊缝长度 weld length 焊机 welding machine 气焊 gas welding 焊炬welding torch 电焊 electric welding 自动和半自动电弧焊automatic andsemi-automatic welding 手工焊 hand welding对焊 butt welding 焊条 weld rod, electrode 角焊缝 fillet 间断焊接 gap welding 咬边 undercut 针孔 pinhole 夹渣 slag裂纹 crack烧穿 burning out 漏焊 losing welding 弧坑 concavity 未焊透lack of fusion 打磨 grind火焰切割 torch cutting 喷砂除锈The sand blasting 机械钻孔drill by machine预拉力 prestressed 高强度大六角头螺栓连接副Set of big hexagonal high-strength bolt 抗滑移系数Slide coefficient of faying surface 扭矩系数torsional moment coefficient终拧扭矩final torsional moment6. 荷载、强度、可靠度剪力shear 剪切变形shear deformation压力pressure延伸率percentage of elongation 剪切模量shear modulus 拉力tension 应力stress应变strain应力集中concentration of stress应力松弛stress relaxation 应力图stress diagram 应力状态state of stress位移 displacement 弹性变形 elastic deformation 变形 deformation 塑性变形 plastic deformation 应变 strain剪应变 shear strain 线应变 linear strain 主应变 principal strain 轴向力 normal force 主应力 principal stress 正应力normal stress预应力prestress应力应变曲线stress-strain curve 裂缝crack抗压强度compressive strength 抗弯强度bending strength 抗扭强度torsional strength 抗拉强度tensile strength 屈服yield屈服点yield point屈服荷载yield load 屈服极限limit of yielding屈服强度yield strength 屈服强度下限lower limit of yield 荷载load横截面section, cross 承载力bearing capacity 承重结构bearing structure 弹性模量elastic modulus 塑性plasticity延性ductileity受弯构件member in bending 轴向拉力axial tension 受拉区tensile region 可靠性reliability 受压区compressive region 粘结力cohesive force 配筋率reinforcement ratio 偏心受拉eccentric tension 配箍率stirrup ratio 偏心受压eccentric compression 泊松比Poisson’s ratio 偏心距eccentric distance 跨度span疲劳强度fatigue strength 跨高比span-to-depth ratio 偏心荷载eccentric load设计限值 limiting design value截面宽度 breadth of section 截面高度 height of section 截面厚度 thickness of section 截面直径 diameter of section 截面面积area of section 截面周长 perimeter of section 截面模量（抵抗矩）section modulus截面惯性矩 second moment of area截面极惯性矩polar second moment of area截面回转半径 radius of gyration 长细比 slenderness ratio 偏心矩 eccentricity 偏心率 relative ecdentricity 振动 vibration 自振频率 natural frequency 加速度 acceleration 振周期natural period of vibration频率 frequency振幅 amplitude of vibration 自由度 degree of freedom 振型 mode of vibration 阻尼 damp共振resonance强迫振动 forced vibration 设计荷载design load 挠度deflection 设计强度design strength 构造construction 脆性破坏brittle failure 延性破坏ductile failure 可靠性 reliability适用性 serviceability安全性 safety耐久性 durability设计基准期 design reference period可靠概率 probability of survival 可靠指标 reliability index 失效概率probability of failure 概率设计法 probabilistic method极限状态设计法 limit states method 容许应力设计法permissible stresses method正常使用极限状态 serviceability limit states承载能力极限状态 ultimate limit states 极限状态 limit states分项系数partial safety factor体分布力 force per unit volume 作用 action力矩moment of force线分布力 force per unit length永久作用 permanent action 面分布力 force per unit area 可变作用 variable action 偶然作用 accidental action 静态作用 static action 固定作用 fixed adtion 动态作用 dynamic action 自重 self weight 温度作用 temperature action 施工荷载 site load地震作用 earthquake action 土压力 earth pressure 水压力 water pressure 风荷载 wind load雪荷载 snow load 风振wind vibration 吊车荷载crane load 屋面活荷载floor live load 浮力 buoyance浪压力（波浪力） wave pressure 泥沙压力 silt pressute 冰压力 ice pressure 冻胀力 frost heave force 静水压强 hydro-static pressure 静水总压力total hydro-static pressure动水压强 hydro-dynamic pressure压力水头 pressure head 作用代表值 representative value of an action作用准永久值quasi-permanent value of an action作用标准值 characteristic valueof an action作用组合值combination value of actions作用设计值design value of an action作用效应 effects of actions 作用组合值系数coeffcient forcombination value ofactions作用效应系数 coefficient of effects of actions作用效应基本组合fundamentalcombination foraction effects 短期效应组合 combination for short-term action effects 作用效应偶然组合accidentalcombination foraction effects 长期效应组合combination for long-term action effects 轴线axes标高elevation; datum mark 坐标coordinate基准点，标高datum mark中心标高center elevation 绝对标高absolute elevation 相对标高relative elevation 平面控制plane control 高程控制elevation control 水准点bench mark经纬仪transit坐标控制点coordinate control points水准仪surveyor level 测杆surveying rod 钢卷尺steel tape测距仪range finder7. 土建施工挖掘 excavate 履带式推土机crawler dozer 挖土机 excavator 履带式起重机crawler crane 反铲挖土机back digger 压路机 road roller挖沟机 trench digger 翻斗车 tipping skip 铲运机 scraper自卸卡车 dumping truck 洒水车 sprinkler 回填back fill 土方工程 earth work 蛙式打夯机 frog rammer 钢筋切断机 bar cutter 钢筋弯曲机 angle--bender基坑foundation pit 双排竖管脚手架independent scaffold 脚手架scaffold管子脚手架pipe scaffold 单排竖管脚手架putlog scaffold 满堂脚手架full framing 立杆 the standing pole 扫地杆 ground bars 横杆 ledger脚手板 scaffold board 防护栏 protective barrier,guard rail 隔离剂 isolating agent 扣件 coupler旋转扣件swivel coupler 十字扣件double coupler 套筒扣件sleeve coupler 钢筋加工 rebar fabrication 铁丝 iron wire钢筋连接 rebar connection 绑扎lashing 搭接 lap焊接 welding搭接接头 lap joint 焊接接头 welded joint 搭接焊lap welding 砂浆垫块mortar block制模，模板工程formwork 组合钢模板 combined steel formwork 模板form模板配板 formwork configuration 模板支设 formwork erection 安装偏差 installation deviation 模板接缝the formwork joint泵送混凝土pumping of concrete 混凝土中心搅拌站 centralized concretemixing plant 浇灌混凝土concrete pouring, depositing concrete,模板拆除 formwork removal 混凝土搅拌汽车concrete mixer truck 混凝土搅拌concrete agitation 插入式振捣器 insertion type vibrator 振捣混凝土 vibrated concrete 平板振动器 plate vibrator 抹子，泥刀 trowel 抹灰，抹光 toweling坍落度slump两组试块two sets of testing blocks混凝土取样witness sampling of concrete混凝土施工缝处理treatment of concrete construction joint 初凝 initial set终凝final set初凝时间 initial setting time 终凝时间final setting time 混凝土养护concrete curing 草垫 straw mattress回填back fill回填夯实backfill consolidation 1:2水泥砂浆20厚1:2 cenment mortar thickness 20mm 找平层leveling blacket 抹灰plastering 抹平，找平screeding 抹灰底层rendering coat 抹光，压光trowel finish灌缝；灌浆grout抹灰罩面层setting coat二次灌浆post-grouting填料filling翼环plate ring套管pipe sleeve石棉水泥asbestos cement油麻oil-- hemp橡胶止水带rubber water stop密封胶joint sealant沥青涂层asphalt coating填缝板joint filler镀锌铁皮galvanized iron sheet。

土木工程专业英语分类词汇目录1.一般术语12.房屋建筑结构术语33.公路路线和铁路线路术语44.桥、涵洞和隧道术语55.水工期建筑物术语66.结构构件和部件术语87.地基和基础术语108. 结构可靠性和设计方法术语119. 结构上的作用、作用代表值和作用效应术语1210. 材料性能、构件承载能力和材料性能代表值术语1411.几何参数和常用量程术语1512.工程结构设计常用的物理学、数理统计171.一般术语1 buildingandcivilengineeringstructures 工程结构2 designofbuildingandcivilengineeringstructures 工程结构设计3 buildingengineering 房屋建筑工程4 civilengineering 土木工程5 highwayengineering 公路工程6 railwayengineering 铁路工程7 port(harbour)andwaterwayengineering 港口与航道工程8 hydraulicengineering 水利工程9 hydraulicandhydroelectricengineering 水利发电工程（水电工1constructionworks 建筑物（构筑物）1structure 结构1foundation 基础1foundationsoil;subgrade;subbase;ground 地基1timberstructure 木结构1masonrystructure 砌体结构1steelstructure 钢结构1concretestructure 混凝土（砼）结构1specialengineeringstructure 特种工程结构1building 房屋建筑2industrialbuilding 工业建筑2civilbuilding;civilarchitecture 民用建筑2highway 公路2highwaynetwork 公路网2freeway 高速公路2arterialhighway 干线公路2feederhighway 支线公路2railway;railroad 铁路（铁道）2standardgaugerailway 标准轨距铁路2broadgaugerailway 宽轨距铁路3narrowgaugerailway 窄轨距铁路3railwayterminal 铁路枢纽3railwaystation 铁路车站3port;harbour 港口3marinestructure 港口水工建筑物3navigationstructure;navigationconstruction 通航（过船）建筑物3lighthouse 灯塔3waterconservancy 水利3 8 multipurposehydraulicproject;keywater-controlproject;hydro-junction水利枢纽3reservoir 水库4 0 hydraulicstructure;marinestructure;maritimeconstruction水工建筑物4waterretainingstructure;retainingworks 挡水建筑物4intakestructure 进水（取水）建筑物4outletstructure;outletworks;sluiceworks 泄水建筑物4conveyancestructure 输水建筑物4 5 regulatingstructure;trainingstructurerectificationstructure整治建筑物4 6 hydro-electricstation;hydropowerstation 水电站水泵站（抽水站、扬水4pumpstation 提水站）4safetydevice 安全设施2. 房屋建筑结构术语1 mixedstructure 混合结构2 slab-columnsystem 板柱结构3 framestructure 框架结构4 archstructure 拱结构5 folded-platestructure 折板结构6 shellstructure 壳体结构7 spacetrussstructure 风架结构8 cable-suspendedstructure 悬索结构9 pneumaticstructure 充气结构1shearwallstructure 剪力墙（结构墙）结构1frame-shearwallstructure 框架—剪力墙结构1tube 筒体结构1suspended 悬挂结构1high-rise 高耸结构3. 公路路线和铁路线路术语1 highway 公路路线2 highwayalignment 公路线形3 horizontalalignment 平面线形4 verticalalignment 纵面线形5 routeselection 公路选线6 routelocation 公路定线7 horizontalcurve 平面线8 verticalcurve 竖曲线9 gradechangepoint 变坡点1routeintersection 路线交叉1permanentway 铁路线路1railwaylocation 铁路选线1location 铁路定线1mainline 正线1sidings 站线1minimumradiusofcurve 最小曲线半1gradesection 坡段1maximum 最大坡度1grade 平面交叉2grade 立体交叉4. 桥、涵洞和隧道术语1 simplesupportedgirderbridge 桥2 continuousgirderbridge 简支梁桥3 cantilevergirderbridge 连续梁桥4 simplesupportedgirderbridge 悬臂梁桥5 cablestayedbridge 斜拉（斜张）桥6 suspensionbridge 悬索（吊）桥7 trussedbridge 桁架桥8 framebridge 框架桥9 rigidframebridge 刚构（刚架）桥1archbridge 拱桥1submersiblebridge 漫水桥1pontoonbridge 浮桥1rightbridge 正交桥1skewbridge 斜交桥1gradeseparatedbridge;overpassbridge 跨线（立交）桥1viaduct 高架桥1mainspan 正（主）桥1approachspan 引桥1curvedbridge 弯桥2rampbridge 坡桥2combinedbridge;highwayandrailwaytransitbridge 公路铁路两用桥2movablebridge 开合桥2single-trackbridge 单线桥2double-trackbridge 双线桥2bridgesuperstructure 桥跨结构（上部结2bridgefloorsystem 桥面系2bridgebearing;bridgesupport 桥支座2bridgesubstructure 桥下部结构2bridgetower 索塔（桥塔）3abutment 桥台3pier 桥墩3culvert 涵洞3tunnel 隧道（洞）3tunnelportal 隧道洞口（洞门）3tunnelsurroundingrock 隧道（洞）围岩3tunnellining 隧道（洞）衬砌5. 水工期建筑物术语1 dam 坝2 damaxis 坝轴线3 gravitydam 重力坝4 archdam 拱坝5 buttressdam 支墩坝6 earth-rockdam;embankmentdam 土石坝7 concretedam 混凝土坝8 rubberdam;flexibledam;fabricdam 橡胶坝9 spurdike;groin 丁坝1trainingdike 顺坝1spillway 溢洪道1weir 堰（溢流堰）1cofferdam 围堰1hydraulictunnel 水工隧洞1deepwaterintake 深式进水口1damtypehydropowerstation 堤坝式水电站1diversionconduittypehydropowerstation 引水（引水道）式水1tidalpowerstation 潮汐电站1pumpedstoragepowerstation 抽水蓄能电站2powerhouseofhydropowerstation 水电站厂房2forebay 前池2pressureconduit 压力管道2surgechamber 调压室2tailrace 尾水渠2navigationlock 船闸2shiplift;shipelevator 升船机2sluice;barrage 水闸2channel 渠道2aqueduct;bridgedflume 渡槽3chute 陡坡3drop 跌水3gallerysystem 坝内廊道系统3energydissipatingandanti-scourfacility 消能防冲设施3seepagecontrolfacility 防渗设施3drainagefacility 排水设施3reversefilter 反滤设施（倒滤设施）3turbine-pumpstation 水轮泵站3ramstation 水锤泵站3underdamculvert 坝下埋管4siltingbasin 沉消池4dike;levee 堤4breakwater;mole 防波堤4wharf;quay 码头4slopedwharf 斜坡码头4dolphinwharf 墩式码头4gravityquay-wall 重力式码头4sheet-pilequay-wall 板桩码头4openpieronpiles;high-pilewharf 高桩码头4floatingpier;pontoonwharf 浮（趸船）5dock 船坞5ship-buildingberth 船台5slipway 滑道6. 结构构件和部件术语member构件 component;assemblyparts 部件 section截面 beam;girder 梁 arch拱 slab;plate 板 shell 壳 column 柱 wall 墙 truss 桁架 frame 框架 bentframe 排架 rigidframe刚架（刚构） simplysupportedbeam 简支梁 cantileverbeam悬臂梁beamfixedatbothends 两端固定梁 continuousbeam 连续梁 superposedbeam 叠合梁 pile桩 sheetpile 板桩 pavement 路面 carriageway行车道 speed-changelane 变速车道 sidewalk人行道 laneseparator 分隔带 bicyclepath 自行车道 roadshoulder公路路肩 subgradesideditch路基边沟 catchditch;interceptingchannel 截水沟（天drainageditch排水沟 slopeprotection;revetment 护坡 retainingwall 挡土墙 railwaytrack 铁路轨道 rail 钢轨 sleeper轨枕 trackskeleton 轨排 bed 道床 ballast 道碴 turnout道岔railwayshuntinghump 铁路调车驼峰 continuousweldedrail无缝线路1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 91011121314151617181920212223242526272829303132333435363734railfastening 钢轨扣件4guardrail 护轮轨4railwayshoulder 铁路路肩4wharfshoulder 码头胸墙4relievingslab 卸荷板4berthingmember 靠船构件4mooringpostbollard 系船柱4mooringring 系船环5sluicechamber 闸室5sluicegate;lockgate 闸门5sluicepier 闸墩5apron 护坦5apronextension;apron 海漫5stillingbasin 消能池（消力5rollerbucket 消能戽（消力5apron;imperviousblanket 防渗铺盖5imperviouscurtain;cut-off 防渗帷幕5sealing;seal;water-stop 止水6connection 连接6joint 节点6expansionandcontractionjoint 伸缩缝6settlementjoint 沉降缝6seismicjoint 防震缝6constructionjoint 施工缝7. 地基和基础术语1 spreadfoundation 扩展（扩大）2 rigidfoundation 刚性基础3 singlefooting 独立基础4 combinedfooting 联合基础5 stripfoundation 条形基础6 shellfoundation 壳体基础7 boxfoundation 箱形基础8 raftfoundation 筏形基础9 pilefoundation 桩基础1opencaissonfoundation 沉井基础1cylinderpilefoundation;cylindercaissonfoundation 管柱基础1caissonfoundation 沉箱基础1subgradeofhighway(railway);formation 路基1bed;bedding 基床8. 结构可靠性和设计方法术语1 reliability 可靠性2 safety 安全性3 serviceability 适用性4 durability 耐久性5 basicvariable 基本变量6 designreferenceperiod 设计基准期7 probabilityofsurvival 可靠概率8 probabilityoffailure 失效概率9 reliabilityindex 可靠指标1calibration 校准法1deterministicmethod 定值设计法1probabilisticmethod 概率设计法1permissible(allowable)stressesmethod 容许应力设计法1ultimatestrengthmethod 破坏强度设计法1limitstatesmethod 极限状态设计法1limitstates 极限状态1limitstateequation 极限状态方程1ultimatelimitstates 承载能力极限状1serviceabilitylimitstates 正常使用极限状态2partialsafetyfactor 分项系数2designsituation 设计状况2persistentsituation 持久状况2transientsituation 短暂状况2accidentalsituation 偶然状况9. 结构上的作用、作用代表值和作用效应术语1 action 作用2 load 荷载3 forceperunitlength 线分布力4 forceperunitarea 面分布力5 forceperunitvolume 体分布力6 momentofforce 力矩7 permanentaction 永久作用8 variableaction 可变作用9 accidentalaction 偶然作用1fixedaction 固定作用1freeaction 自由（可动）作用.1staticaction 静态作用1dynamicaction 动态作用1repeatedaction;cyclicaction 多次重复作用1lowfrequencycyclicaction 低周反复作用1selfweight 自重1siteload 施工荷载1earthpressure 土压力1temperatureaction 温度作用2earthquakeaction 地震作用2explosionaction 爆炸作用2windload 风荷载2windvibration 风振2snowload 雪荷载2craneload 吊车荷载2floorliveload;roofliveload 楼面、屋面活荷载2loadonbridge 桥（桥梁）荷载2deadloadonbridge 桥（桥梁）恒荷载2liveloadonbridge 桥（桥梁）活荷载3standardhighwayvehicleload 公路车辆荷载标3standardrailwayliveload 中国铁路标准活3shipload 船舶荷载3craneandvehicleload 起重运输机械荷3shipimpactforce 船舶撞击力3shipbreastingforce 船舶挤靠力3mooringforce 船舶系缆力3waterpressure 水压力3buoyantforce;floatage 浮力3upliftpressure 扬压力4wavepressure;waveforce 浪压力（波浪力）4icepressure 冰压力4siltpressure 泥沙压力4frostheaveforce;frostheavepressure 冻胀力4representativevalueofanaction 作用代表值4characteristicvalueofanaction 作用标准值4quasi-permanentvalueofanaction 作用准永久值4combinationvalueofactions 作用组合值4partialsafetyfactorforaction 作用分项系数4designvalueofanaction 作用设计值5coefficientforcombinationvalueofactions 作用组合值系数5effectsofactions 作用效应5coefficientofeffectsofactions 作用效应系数5normalforce 轴向力5shearforce 剪力5bendingmoment 弯矩5bimoment 双弯矩5torque 扭矩5stress 应力5normalstress 正应力6shearstress;tangentialstress 剪应力6principalstress 主应力6prestress 预应力6displacement 位移6deflection 挠度6deformation 变形6elasticdeformation 弹性变形6plasticdeformation 塑性变形6imposeddeformation 外加变形6restraineddeformation 约束变形7strain 应变7linearstrain 线应变7shearstrain;tangentialstrain _、r-i、一-花亠7principalstrain 主应变7combinationforactioneffects 作用效应组合7fundamentalcombinationforactioneffects 作用效应基本组7accidentalcombinationforactioneffects 作用效应偶然组7combinationforshort-termactioneffects 短期效应组合7combinationforlong-termactioneffects 长期效应组合7limitingdesignvalue 设计限值10. 材料性能、构件承载能力和材料性能代表值术语1 resistance 抗力2 strength 强度3 compressivestrength 抗压强度4 tensilestrength 抗拉强度5 shearstrength 抗剪强度6 flexuralstrength 抗弯强度7 yieldstrength 屈服强度8 fatiguestrength 疲劳强度9 ultimatestrain 极限应变1modulusofelasticity 弹性模量1shearmodulus 剪变模量1modulusofdeformation 变形模量1poissonratio 泊松比1bearingcapacity 承载能力1compressivecapacity 受压承载能力1tensilecapacity 受拉承载能力1shearcapacity 受剪承载能力1flexuralcapacity 受弯承载能力1torsionalcapacity 受扭承载能力2fatiguecapacity 疲劳承载能力2stiffness;rigidity 刚度2crackresistance 抗裂度2ultimatedeformation 极限变形2stability 稳定性2spatialbehaviour 空间工作性能2brittlefailure 脆性破坏2ductilefailure 延性破坏2partialsafetyfactorforresistance 抗力分项系数2characteristicvalueofapropertyofamaterial 材料性能标准值3partialsafetyfactorforpropertyofmaterial 材料性能分项系数3designvalueofapropertyofamaterial 材料性能设计值3normalvalueofgeometricparameter 几何参数标准值11. 几何参数和常用量程术语1 heightofsection;depthofsection 截面高度2 breadthofsection 截面宽度3 thicknessofsection 截面厚度4 diameterofsection 截面直径5 perimeterofsection 截面周长6 areaofsection 截面面积7 firstmomentofarea 截面面积矩8 secondmomentofarea;momentofinertia 截面惯性矩9 polarsecondmomentofarea;polarmomentofinertia截面极惯性矩1sectionmodulus 截面模量（抵抗矩）1radiusofgyration 截面回转半径1eccentricity 偏心矩1relativeeccentricity 偏心率1length 长度1span 跨度1rise 矢高1slendernessratio 长细比1longitudinalgradient 纵坡1superelevation 超高2sightdistance 视距2widthofsubgrade 路面宽度2widthofsubgrade 路基宽度2clearanceofhighway 公路建筑限界2gauge 轨矩2railroadclearance 铁路建筑限界2clearanceunderbridge 桥下净空2constructionheightofbridge 桥建筑高度2clearanceabovebridgefloor 桥建筑限界2clearanceoftunnel 隧道建筑限界3berth 泊位3additionaldepth;residualdepth 富余水深3wavecharacteristics;waveparameters 波浪要素3tidelevel 潮位3waterlevel 水位3designwaterlevel 设计水位3damheight 坝高3damlength 坝长3freeboard 安全超高（富余高度）3deadwaterlevel 水库死水位4normal(pool)level 水库设计（正常）蓄4designfloodlevel 水库设计洪水位4exceptionalfloodlevel 水库校长核洪水位4deadstorage 水库死（垫底）库容4usablestorage 水库兴利（有效、调节）4totalreservoirstorage 水库总库容total12. 工程结构设计常用的物理学、数理统计1 coefficientoffriction 磨擦系数2 massdensity 质量密度3 force(weight)density 重力密度4 momentofmomentum 动量矩5 dynamicmomentofinertia 转动惯量6 dynamiceffectfactor 动作用系数7 vibration 振动8 acceleration 加速度9 frequency 频率1naturalfrequency 自振（固有）1period 周期1naturalperiodofvibration 自振周期1periodicvibration 周期振动1amplitudeofvibration 振幅1degreeoffreedom 自由度1damp 阻尼1forcedvibration 强迫振动1modeofvibration 振型1resonance 共振2statisticalparameter 统计参数2meanvalue 平均值2meansquaredeviation 、-、八方差2standarddeviation 标准差2coefficientofmeanvalue 均值系数2Z-*/-*•・z-*・・变异系数2probabilitydistribution 概率分布2fractile;quantile 分位数2significancelevel 显著性水平2hydro-staticpressure 静水压强3hydro-dynamicpressure 动水压强3totalhydro-staticpressure 静水总压力3pressuregradient 压力梯度3pressurehead 压力水头3levelhead 位置水头3streamfield 流畅3streamfield 流线3velocityofflow 流速3velocityheadofflow 流速水头3totalhead 总水头4headloss 水头损失4dischargecrosssection 过水断面4wettedperimeter 湿周4hydraulicradius 水力半径4discharge;flowrate 流量4averagevelocity 平均流速4coefficientofroughness 糙率（粗糙系数）4hydraulicslope;energygradient 水力坡度（水力比降）4Reynoldsnumber 雷诺数（re）4Froudenumber 弗汝德数（fr）5waterhammer 水锤（水击）5hydraulicjump 水跃5seepageflow 渗流5coefficientofcompressibility 压缩系数5cohesion 内聚力（粘聚力）5coefficientofconsolidation 固结系数5relativedensity 相对密度5compactness 密实度5modulusofcompressibility 压缩模量5porosity 孔隙比6porosity 孔隙率（度）6liquidityindex 液性指数6plasticity 塑性指数6degreeofsaturation 渗透系数6degreeofsaturation 饱和度6degreeofconsolidation 固结度6porewaterpressure 孔隙水压力6watercontent 含水量6liquidlimit 液限6plasticlimit 塑限7angleofrepose 休止角7angleofexternalfriction 外磨擦角7angleofinternalfriction 内摩擦角7earthquake 地震7earthquakefocus 震源7earthquakeepicenter 震中7epicentraldistance 震中距7earthquakemagnitude 地震震级7earthquakeintensity 地震烈度7earthquakezone 地震区8earthquakeresponsespectrum 反应谱8staticmethod 静力法8equivalentbaseshearmethod 底部剪力法（拟静力8time-historymethod 时程分析法8modeanalysismethod 振型分解法8earthquakedynamicwaterpressure 地震动水压力地震动土压力 砂土液化86earthquakedynamicearthpressure 87liquefactionofsaturatedsoil。

A:asphalt沥青aquifer含水层adiabatic绝热的arch dam拱坝a storage or conservation reservoir蓄水水库accessory附件，配件at the foot of..坝后arch action拱效应abutment坝肩ancillary附属的available 可获得的available material 现有的材料angle折角air-driven气动annual temperature cycle稳定温度appurtenant structure次要建筑物age龄期alkali-aggregate reaction碱骨料反应absorption吸水性B:bus母线，总线be monolithic with与..连成整体bed河床be away from..引水式bulk cement散装水泥bituminous沥青的best advantage最优binding agent胶凝材料buttress dam支墩坝Bulk-mineral 矿物质batch配料batch plant拌和楼bucket料，罐C:construction施工concrete混凝土creep徐变，渗水cutoff截流constant常数condensation凝结conceptual概念上的cyclone气旋collide碰撞convection对流convergence集中conduit管道conduit system输水系统current 流c.大约的cyclopean masonry巨石cf.参阅constrain抑制concrete face面板curvature曲率cupola or double curvature arch dam双曲拱坝cut-off防渗墙categorized分类coarse-grained粗粒度的compact压实consideration考虑因素cure养护cement hydration process水泥硬化过程coarse aggregate粗骨料crane起重机cableway缆机content用量consolidate巩固consolidation密实consistency稠度closest practicable最可行的correct emphasis on恰如其分地强调crushing strength抗压强度cylinder圆柱体cube立方体cutting core取芯样chemical attack化学侵蚀crack裂缝composite material复合材料compressive strength抗压强度compressive stress压应力D:dispose处理，处置deposition沉积作用，沉淀droplet小水滴dew point露点depression洼地dissipate消散diversion system引水系统draft tube尾水管dry mortal干砂浆derivative衍生物dome圆屋顶decked buttress大头坝draw-off抽取discharge排水decked rockfill dam面板堆石坝zoned rockfill dam分区堆石坝discrete离散的defined zone分区designated指定的designation名称durability耐久性dozer推土机distribution分部desirable structure理想结构E:estuary河口evaporation蒸发evapotranspiration蒸散发eutrophication富营养化elevated提高的erosion腐蚀equator赤道energy dissipation消能empoly采用embankment dam土石坝earthfill embankment土坝escalate逐步增强，逐步上升excavate开挖external外部的elastic modules弹性模量F:feasible可行的，切实可行的feed water供水function函数，运行foerbay前池fresh water淡水flood plain洪泛区flood wall防洪墙front锋flow-control valve流量控制阀facing装饰面floor of the valley谷底flat slab buttress平板坝frictional摩擦力的fine aggregate细骨料facilitate使便利fresh concrete新拌制的混凝土fatigue strength疲劳强度flexural strength抗弯强度floor slab楼板G:generate 发电granite花岗岩groundwater地下水geo-membrane土工膜generate 产生gravity dam重力坝gate闸门guide vane导叶generator发电机gallery廊道green cut冲毛gradient梯度given特定的H:hydroelectric power station 水力发电站hydrologic cycle水文循环hydrosphere水圈hail冰雹head水头hydraulic structure水工建筑物horizontal construction joint水平施工缝hollow gravity dam空腹重力坝homogeneous section均质断面horizontal arch水平拱high-capacity mechanical plant重型机械highly mechanized process高度机械化的过程high-pressure air-water jet高压水-气喷射heat generated as cement hydrates水泥水化产生的热量harden硬化的I:interception植物截留impervious不透水的irrigation灌溉infiltration渗透intensity强度intake进水口initially最初地interval间隔integrity完整性impound蓄水instance例子impervious element防渗体intensively集中的intensive密集的incorporate采用impermeability抗渗性installation安装in some manner从某种程度上instantaneous stiffness瞬时刚度J:joint接缝K:karst岩溶Karez,Kariz坎儿井kinetic动力学的，动的L:large power station 大型电站load荷载lithosphere岩石圈levee堤防latent energy潜在能量lightened轻型的labour劳动lean贫M:masonry砖石结构，砌石meander 蜿蜒manifold多支管motion运动，移动merge汇moisture湿气，水气masonry dam圬工坝mechanical energy机械能mass concrete大体积混凝土multiple arch dam连拱坝moisture content含水量mix搅拌monolith坝段，巨型独石mix design配合比设计mixture proportioning配合比main reinforcement主筋N:navigation航运nature of duty工作特性normal maximum water level正常蓄水位nonoverflow section非溢流坝段compaction压实normal法向negative moment负弯矩O:overstressing超限应力P:perched water table上层滞水面pore 毛孔，小孔，气孔precipitation降水percolation渗水，渗漏pondage贮水pressure tunner压力隧道penstock压力管道periods of peak flows蓄水期periods of low flows枯水期power house厂房profile外形，轮廓，剖面pulverized fuel ash(PFA)粉煤灰principal主要的prominent最杰出的passage通过pervious透水的place铺筑，浇筑plant intensive机械化proportion配比preparation备仓perform实施precooling 预冷postcooling 后冷pozzolans火山灰property性质paste binder砂浆，水泥浆prefabricated units预制构件part of a structure结构部位precast concrete预筑混凝土preassemble预先绑扎,预装配permeability渗透性positive moment正弯矩preclude妨碍Q:quartzite石英岩R:runoff径流resettlement移民reservoir水库retaining structure挡水建筑物rainfall降雨rainfall intensity降雨强度rigid dam刚性坝R.C.C.（roller compacted concrete）碾压混凝土rack（trash rack）进水口拦污栅rotor转子rotate旋转rubble碎石rockfill dam堆石坝radius半径rarity罕见river diversion导流readily容易地rail有轨机车rapid placement using construction technique快速浇筑施工工艺relative proportion相对比例right angle直角S:strength强度sufficient足够的storage capacity库容saturation饱和sleet雪籽,霰sublimation升华spillway溢洪道surge tank调压室stator定子switchgear开关装置switch yard 开关站slag矿渣structurally结构上的shell壳体结构seismic disturbance地震扰动stilling basin消力池shaft竖井,轴secondary次要的secondary dam副坝section坝段supporting shoulders (心墙上下游侧的)坝壳slender薄的solid concrete structure实体砼结构site condition坝址条件slump坍落度spread摊铺successive layer连续层spud-type vibrator插入式振捣器mould 铸模，模具specimen试件simulate模拟sleeper枕木static ultimate极限静荷载splitting tensile strength劈裂抗拉强度shear strength抗剪强度stirrup箍筋steelbars钢筋stem from起源于stiffness刚度strain应变stress 应力shrinkage收缩subject受..的影响T:tracker(boat tracker) 纤夫turbid浑浊的transpiration蒸腾topography地形，地势tailwater尾水turbine涡轮transformer变压器step-up升压tailrace尾水渠transverse contraction joints横缝thermal热的term术语tensile stress拉应力tensile strength抗拉强度transverse bars横向钢筋longitudinal steel纵筋timber木材U:uniformly均一地utilize利用undergo 遭受，忍受，经历undesirable segregation and voids不理想的骨料分离和孔隙upstream上游的upstream face上游面V:variant变种volume of concrete混凝土的体积vertical垂直的vibration振捣vulnerability脆弱性vibratory rollers震动碾volume changes体积变化version版本vertical joint纵缝W:watershed流域water conservancy and hydroelectric engineering水利水电工程water table：top of zone of saturation地下水位线wetland湿地weir堰water hammer水锤water load水荷载workability工作度，和易性wet sand-blasting湿沙喷射water/cement ration水灰比weathering风化wear磨损widening开展Y:yield 屈服。

水利水电工程专业英语词汇整理_ZCJ conduit system输水系统 A: current 流 asphalt沥青 c.大约的aquifer含水层 cyclopean masonry巨石 adiabatic绝热的 cf.参阅arch dam拱坝 constrain抑制 a storage or conservation reservoir蓄水水库 concrete face面板 accessory附件，配件 curvature曲率 at the foot of..坝后 cupola or double curvature arch dam双曲拱坝arch action拱效应 cut-off防渗墙 abutment坝肩 categorized分类ancillary附属的 coarse-grained粗粒度的 available 可获得的 compact压实available material 现有的材料 consideration考虑因素 angle折角 cure养护air-driven气动 cement hydration process水泥硬化过程 annual temperature cycle稳定温度 coarse aggregate粗骨料 appurtenant structure次要建筑物crane起重机 age龄期 cableway缆机 alkali-aggregate reaction碱骨料反应content用量 absorption吸水性 consolidate巩固consolidation密实 B: consistency稠度 bus母线，总线 closest practicable最可行的 be monolithic with与..连成整体 correct emphasis on 恰如其分地强调 bed河床 crushing strength抗压强度 be away from..引水式cylinder圆柱体 bulk cement散装水泥 cube立方体 bituminous沥青的 cutting core取芯样 best advantage最优 chemical attack化学侵蚀crack裂缝 binding agent胶凝材料buttress dam支墩坝 composite material复合材料compressive strength抗压强度 Bulk-mineral 矿物质compressive stress压应力 batch配料batch plant拌和楼 D:bucket料，罐 dispose处理，处置 C: deposition沉积作用，沉淀construction施工 droplet小水滴 concrete混凝土 dew point露点 creep徐变，渗水 depression洼地dissipate消散 cutoff截流constant常数 diversion system引水系统 condensation凝结 draft tube尾水管 conceptual概念上的 dry mortal干砂浆 cyclone气旋 derivative衍生物 collide碰撞 dome圆屋顶 convection对流 decked buttress大头坝convergence集中 draw-off抽取 conduit管道 discharge排水decked rockfill dam面板堆石坝 groundwater地下水 zoned rockfill dam 分区堆石坝 geo-membrane土工膜 discrete离散的 generate 产生 defined zone 分区 gravity dam重力坝 designated指定的 gate闸门designation名称 guide vane导叶 durability耐久性 generator发电机gallery廊道 dozer推土机green cut冲毛 distribution分部desirable structure理想结构 gradient梯度 E: given特定的H: estuary河口hydroelectric power station 水力发电站 evaporation蒸发evapotranspiration蒸散发 hydrologic cycle水文循环 eutrophication富营养化 hydrosphere水圈hail冰雹 elevated提高的erosion腐蚀 head水头equator赤道 hydraulic structure水工建筑物horizontal construction joint水平施工缝 energy dissipation消能hollow gravity dam空腹empoly采用重力坝 embankment dam土石坝homogeneous section均质断面 earthfill embankment土坝 horizontal arch水平拱 escalate逐步增强，逐步上升 high-capacity mechanical plant重型机械excavate开挖 highly mechanized process高度机械化的过程 external外部的high-pressure air-water jet高压水-气喷射 elastic modules弹性模量 heat generated as cement hydrates水泥水化产生的F: 热量feasible可行的，切实可行的 harden硬化的 feed water供水 I:function函数，运行 interception植物截留 foerbay前池 impervious不透水的 fresh water淡水 irrigation灌溉 flood plain洪泛区 infiltration渗透flood wall防洪墙 intensity强度 front锋 intake进水口 flow-control valve 流量控制阀 initially最初地 facing装饰面 interval间隔floor of the valley谷底 integrity完整性 flat slab buttress平板坝impound蓄水 frictional摩擦力的 instance例子 fine aggregate细骨料impervious element防渗体 facilitate使便利 intensively集中的 fresh concrete新拌制的混凝土 intensive密集的 fatigue strength疲劳强度incorporate采用 flexural strength抗弯强度 impermeability抗渗性 floor slab楼板 installation安装 G: in some manner从某种程度上 generate 发电instantaneous stiffness瞬时刚度 granite花岗岩 J:joint接缝 periods of peak flows蓄水期 K: periods of low flows枯水期karst岩溶 power house厂房 Karez,Kariz坎儿井 profile外形，轮廓，剖面kinetic动力学的，动的 pulverized fuel ash(PFA)粉煤灰 L: principal主要的large power station 大型电站 prominent最杰出的 load荷载 passage通过lithosphere岩石圈 pervious透水的 levee堤防 place铺筑，浇筑 latent energy潜在能量 plant intensive机械化 lightened轻型的 proportion配比labour劳动 preparation备仓 lean贫 perform实施 M: precooling 预冷masonry砖石结构，砌石 postcooling 后冷 meander 蜿蜒 pozzolans火山灰manifold多支管 property性质 motion运动，移动 paste binder砂浆，水泥浆merge汇 prefabricated units预制构件 moisture湿气，水气 part of a structure结构部位 masonry dam圬工坝 precast concrete预筑混凝土mechanical energy机械能 preassemble预先绑扎,预装配 mass concrete大体积混凝土 permeability渗透性 multiple arch dam连拱坝 positive moment正弯矩 moisture content含水量 preclude妨碍 mix搅拌 Q:monolith坝段，巨型独石 quartzite石英岩 mix design配合比设计 R: mixture proportioning配合比 runoff径流 main reinforcement主筋resettlement移民 N: reservoir水库 navigation航运 retaining structure挡水建筑物 nature of duty工作特性 rainfall降雨 normal maximum water level 正常蓄水位 rainfall intensity降雨强度 nonoverflow section非溢流坝段rigid dam刚性坝 compaction压实 R.C.C.(roller compacted concrete)碾压混凝土normal法向 rack(trash rack)进水口拦污栅 negative moment负弯矩 rotor 转子O: rotate旋转overstressing超限应力 rubble碎石 P: rockfill dam堆石坝 perched water table上层滞水面 radius半径 pore 毛孔，小孔，气孔 rarity罕见precipitation降水 river diversion导流 percolation渗水，渗漏 readily 容易地 pondage贮水 rail有轨机车 pressure tunner压力隧道 rapid placement using construction technique快速penstock压力管道浇筑施工工艺relative proportion相对比例 transpiration蒸腾 right angle直角topography地形，地势 S: tailwater尾水 strength强度 turbine涡轮sufficient足够的 transformer变压器 storage capacity库容 step-up升压saturation饱和 tailrace尾水渠 sleet雪籽,霰 transverse contraction joints横缝 sublimation升华 thermal热的 spillway溢洪道 term术语 surge tank调压室 tensile stress拉应力 stator定子 tensile strength抗拉强度switchgear开关装置 transverse bars横向钢筋 switch yard 开关站longitudinal steel纵筋 slag矿渣 timber木材U: structurally结构上的shell壳体结构 uniformly均一地 seismic disturbance地震扰动 utilize利用 stilling basin消力池 undergo 遭受，忍受，经历 shaft竖井,undesirable segregation and voids不理想的骨料分轴secondary次要的离和孔隙secondary dam副坝 upstream上游的upstream face上游面 section坝段V: supporting shoulders (心墙上下游侧的)坝壳slender薄的 variant变种volume solid concrete structure实体砼结构 of concrete混凝土的体积site condition坝址条件 vertical垂直的 slump坍落度 vibration振捣 spread 摊铺 vulnerability脆弱性 successive layer连续层 vibratory rollers震动碾 spud-type vibrator插入式振捣器 volume changes体积变化 mould 铸模，模具 version版本 specimen试件 vertical joint纵缝 simulate模拟 W: sleeper枕木 watershed流域 static ultimate极限静荷载 water conservancy and hydroelectric engineering水splitting tensile strength劈裂抗拉强度利水电工程 shear strength抗剪强度 water table:top of zone of saturation地下水位线stirrup箍筋 wetland湿地 steelbars钢筋 weir堰stem from起源于 water hammer水锤 stiffness刚度 water load水荷载strain应变 workability工作度，和易性 stress 应力 wet sand-blasting湿沙喷射 shrinkage收缩 water/cement ration水灰比 subject受..的影响weathering风化 T: wear磨损 tracker(boat tracker) 纤夫 widening开展turbid浑浊的 Y: yield 屈服。

水工建筑学中英文专业词汇对照表Aabamuru 挡土墙abrupt change 突变abstraction of river 导流abutment 坝肩abutment deformation 坝座变形abutment pad 坝肩垫座abutment slide 坝肩（岸坡）滑动abutment thrust 坝肩推力access galley 交通廊道access road 通道accommodate 布置active fault 活动断层active storage capacity 有效库容adaptable 适合的adaptation 适应性adit 平垌adjacent blocks 相邻块admixture 掺和料adverse condition 不利条件aerated weir 掺气溢流堰afterbay dam 二道坝age 龄期aggrade 淤积aggregate 骨料aging of dam 坝老化alignment 定线；对中allowance 余幅alteration 改变ambient 环境的analysis of stability against sliding 抗滑稳定分析anchor ice sluice 底冰冲泄闸anchor rod 锚杆angle of incidence 入射角annual regulating reservoir 年调节水库anomaly 不规则anticline 背斜anti-seepage wall 防渗墙appreciable 明显approach channel 开敞溢洪道appurtenance 附属建筑appurtenant features 附属建筑apron 护坦apron extension 护坦延伸段apron extension 海漫apt to 容易aqueduct bridge 渡槽aqueduct 渡槽arch dam 拱坝arch dams with peripheral hinge 边铰拱坝arch element 拱圈arch section 拱段arched gravity dam 拱形重力坝arching 拱作用artesian 承压的artificial material faced dam 人工材料面板坝artificial material-core dam 人工材料心墙坝ash dam 灰坝asphalt concrete 沥青混凝土asphalt concrete core 沥青混凝土心墙asphalt concrete core dam 沥青混凝土心墙坝asphalt concrete facing 沥青混凝土面板asphalt concrete facing dam 沥青混凝土面板坝asphalt concrete seepage prevention 沥青混凝土防渗associated with 与…有关assurance coefficient 保证系数asymmetrical 不对称的augers 螺旋钻augment 放大Austrian method of timbering 奥地利式隧道支撑法automatic gate 自动闸门automatic hydraulic control gate 水力自控闸门auxiliary dam 副坝auxiliary energy dissipater 辅助消能工axis of dam 坝轴线axis of the dam 坝轴线Bback fill 回填backhoe 反向铲backwater effect 回水影响baffle block 消力墩baffle threshold 消力槛balanced weight vertical shiplift 平衡重式垂直升船机bank erosion 岸坡侵蚀bank slope 岸坡bank spillway 岸边式溢洪道barrage 堰坝barrel 圆桶barrier 障碍basin fish ladder 池式鱼梯basin fish pass 池式鱼道batch mix 拌合料batter 坡度beaching of bank 堤岸护坡bearing capacity 承载能力bed rock 基岩bedding layer 垫层bedding plane 底面；层面behavior of dam 大坝特性behavioral measurement 运用观测bell mouth intake 喇叭形进水口benefit 工程效益bentonite 膨润土berms 马道bidder 投标者Bishop method 毕肖普法blanket 铺盖blockage 堵塞blocking dam 锁坝blocking of concrete dam 坝体分缝分块blow-ups 破裂bond 粘合boring operation 钻孔操作borrow area 采料场borrow pit 料坑bottom outlet 底孔bottom rack 底部拦污栅bottom stockade dam diversion 底栏栅坝引水bottom valve 底阀boulder 大石bounded 有界的breakage 破损breakwater 防浪堤breast wall 胸墙bridge over 跨过brittle 脆性的broad valley 宽河谷broadside slipway 侧边滑道bucket 挑流鼻坎（消力戽）bucket lip 鼻坎bucket 吊罐build-in weakness 嵌入式（内部）缺陷build-up 建立bulkhead gate 检修闸门bulkhead lined 堤岸线bulkhead slot 堵水闸门槽bulldozer 推土机buoyant vertical shiplift 浮筒垂直升船机bursting stress 爆破应力butt splice 平接butterfly dam 蝶闸坝butterfly valve 蝴蝶阀buttress dam 支墩坝bypass 旁侧Ccable galley 电缆廊道cable way 索道cables 缆索cantilever 悬臂梁canyon wall 岸墙capillarity 毛细作用cascade reservoirs 串联水库cast iron gate 铸铁闸门catastrophe 灾害category 分类cavitation 空化cavitation erosion 空蚀cement 水泥cemented roof-bolt 洞顶灌浆锚杆centerline 中心线central angle 中心角central core dam 中央心墙坝chain hoist 链式启闭机channel spillway 河床式溢洪道check sluice 节制阀check valve 逆止阀chemical piping 化学管涌chronology 年表chute spillway 正槽式溢洪道chute 泄槽chutetype 泄槽式claim 索赔，索取clamshell 合瓣挖土机classification 分类clay core 黏土心墙clay sloping core 黏土斜墙clay 粘土climatology 气象学clog 阻碍closed drainage 闭合式排水closed lock 闭合船闸closure 合拢coarse aggregate 粗骨料cobble 卵石cofferdam 围堰cohesion 粘性cohesionless 无粘性的coincident with 符合collapse upon wetting 遇水崩界collector 集水管combined discharge 联合泄流combined dissipater 联合消能工combustion 燃烧commensurate with 与…相适应compact 碾压companion test series 试验组compatible with… 与…相适应compensating reservoir 补偿调节水库competent engineers 主管工程师complied with 遵守composite 复合composite dam 复合坝composite rock-fill dam 堆石土坝compressive strength 抗压强度concave bank 凹岸conceive 构想concomitant 伴随的concrete block pitching 混凝土块护坡concrete core 混凝土心墙concrete cut-off wall 混凝土防渗墙concrete cutoffs 混凝土截水墙concrete dam 混凝土坝concrete faced rock-fill dam 混凝土面板堆石坝concrete facing 混凝土面板concrete gravity dam 混凝土重力坝concrete sloping core 混凝土斜墙concrete 混凝土conductivity 传导性conduit 输水道conduit 管道cone valve 锥形阀confined to 限制在connection 坝联接consistent 可靠的；一致的consolidation grouting 固结灌浆consolidation 固结constant center 同中心的construction cost 施工造价construction details 施工详图construction drawings 施工图construction funds 建造费用construction program 施工计划construction sequence 施工程序contact grouting 接触灌浆contact scouring 接触冲刷contamination 污染contemplate 预料contour 等高线contraction joint 收缩缝contract 合同control valve 控制阀controlling factor 控制因素convergence dissipater 收缩式消能工conveyance culvert 输水涵洞conveyance structure 输水建筑物cooling slot 冷却槽coping wall 坝顶拦墙corbel 牛腿core 心墙core type dam 心墙坝corrective measure 改正措施corrugated concrete slab 波纹混凝土板counter reservoir 反调节水库cracks of tunnel 隧洞裂缝crawler 履带creep 徐变crest gallery 坝顶廊道crest overflow 坝顶溢流crest spillway 坝顶溢洪道criteria for design of large dams 大坝设计准则cross section 横剖面cross section of tunnel 隧洞断面crown 冠crown cantilever 拱冠梁crown cantilever method 拱冠梁法crushed stone 碎石crushed zone 破碎带culvert 涵洞cure 养护curtain grouting 帷幕灌浆curvature 曲率cushion abutment 垫座cushion layer 垫层cut slopes 开挖边坡cut-off trench 截水槽cut-off valve 断流阀cut-off wall 齿墙cuts 开挖cyclic loads 周期荷载cylinder 圆柱体cylinder gate 圆筒闸门cylindrical specimens 圆柱试样Ddam 水坝dam across river 拦河坝dam block 坝块dam body 坝体dam crest 坝顶dam crest width 坝顶宽度dam deflection 坝体变位dam design 坝设计dam foundation 坝基dam heel 坝踵dam slope 坝坡dam toe 坝趾dam top 坝顶dam type 坝型dam vibration 坝振动damless intaking 无坝取水dammed intaking 有坝取水dangerous dam 危险坝dangerous reservoir 危险水库dannier fishway 丹尼尔式鱼道dead fault 死断层dead weight 死荷载debris 岩屑deck 面板deck-girder steel 板梁式钢坝decompose 分解deep intake 深式进水口deep intaking 深层取水deep outlet 深式泄水孔deflection of dam 坝挠度deflection 挠度deflector bucket 鼻坎反弧段deformability 可变形性deformable 可变形的deformation modulus 变形模量degradation 降级degree of safety 安全度densified 加密density 密度depression 萧条descriptive terms 术语design code 设计规范design of hydraulic tunnel 水工隧洞设计design of reservoir 水库设计design of spillway 溢洪道设计design specification 设计规范desirability 称心desquamation 剥离detail of dam 坝细部结构details 细部detect 探测detention reservoir 滞洪水库deteriorate 恶化deterioration of dam 大坝损坏detrimental effects 有害的（作用）dewatering 排水diamond-head 金刚钻头diaphragm 防渗板diaphragm plate fish pass 隔板式鱼道differential intake 差动式进水口differential settlement 不均匀沉降diffusivity 扩散dip 顷角dipping towards 倾向direct costs 直接费用directional blasting dam 定向爆破坝discharge capacity 泄量discharge per unit width 单宽流量discharge structure 泄水建筑物discharging 泄水discharging dam section 泄流坝段discontinuity 不连续性discretion 判断dissipater 消能工distress 缺陷divergence dissipater 扩散式消能工diversion aqueducts 导流渡槽diversion bottom outlet 导流底孔diversion dam 导流坝（堤）diversion sluice 分水闸diversion structure 引水建筑物diversion system 引水系统diversion tower 取水塔diversion tunnel 导流隧洞diversion works 引水工程divert 改向double curvature 双曲率的double hinged arch dam 双铰拱坝double way lock 双线船闸double-curvature arch dam 双曲拱坝downstream aprons 下游护坦downstream face 背水面downstream of dam 坝下游downstream slope 背水坡downstream toe 下游坝趾dragline 索铲drain discharge 排水流量drain hole 排水孔drain 排水drainage 排水drainage blanket 排水铺盖drainage device 排水设施drainage galley 排水廊道drainage of concrete dam 混凝土坝排水drainage of earth dam 土坝排水drainage of earth-rock dam 土石坝排水drainage well 排水井draw bar 联杆draw down 下降draw gate 横拉闸门drift 支洞drop chute 跌水陡槽drop spillway 跌水式溢洪道drops 跌水drought 干旱drum gate 鼓形闸门dry area 干燥地区durable 耐久的dynamic reservoir capacity 动库容dynamic similarity 动力相似性Ee.g. = exempli gratia 例如earth and rock dam 土石混合坝earth dam 土坝earth dam with inclined soil core 土质斜心墙坝earth dam with inclined soil wall 土质斜墙坝earth dam with soil core 土质心墙坝earthfill dam 土坝earthquake action 地震作用earthquake damage of dam 坝震害earthquake resistance of dam 坝抗震技术earthquake 地震earth-rock dam 土石坝earth-rolkfill dam 土石坝edge load 边缘荷载elastic modulus 弹性模量elevation 高程elliptical 椭圆的elliptieal arch 椭圆拱embankment dam 填筑坝embankment 土石填方embedded 埋入的emergency gate 事故闸门emergency spilling 非常溢洪emergency spillway 非常溢洪道empirical formulas 经验公式empirical 经验的emptying valve 空放阀end bay 端部闸孔energy dissipater 消能工energy dissipation 消能energy dissipation by surface flow 面流消能energy dissipation by trajectory jet 挑流消能energy dissipation by underflow 底流消能energy dissipation facilities 消能设施energy dissipation structure 消能建筑物energy-dissipating well 消力井engineering cost 工程费用engineering detail drawing 工程详图environment 环境environmental conditions 环境条件erodable 易冲的erosion 冲刷erosion-control dam 防冲坝estimate 估计evaluation of hydraulic engineering 水利工程评价evaluation 评估event 事件excavated material 开挖料excavation 开挖exclude 排除exert 产生exhaust valve 排气阀exit gradient 溢出梯度exit velocity 出口流速exploration adit 勘探平垌exploration 勘测expulsion 排水extrapolate 外插extreme 极端的extreme condition 极限条件extrodos 外拱圈Ffabricated concrete dam 装配式混凝土坝face slab 面板facing dam 面板坝falling sluice 跌落式泄水闸fat clay 肥粘土fault 断层fault gouge 断层泥feasibility 可行性feasibility study 可行性研究feasible 可行的ferrocement gate 钢丝网水泥闸门field investigation 现场调查filler gate 充水闸门fillet 贴角filling culvert 充水涵洞filter 反滤层filter material 反滤料filter zone 反滤体final design 技术设计fine sand 细砂fines 细料finite element method 有限单元法first pour 第一期浇筑first principal stress 第一主应力fish attracting device 诱鱼设备fish collection ship 集鱼船fish ladder 鱼梯fish lift 升鱼机fish lock 鱼闸fish pass 鱼道fish way 鱼道fish pass facilities 过鱼设施fish pass structure 过鱼建筑物fish way design 鱼道设计fissures(scams，cracks) 裂隙（节理；裂缝）fixed axle gate 定轮闸门flap gate 翻转闸门flared 扩大的flaring pier 宽尾墩flat jack 扁千斤顶flat-slab buttress dam 平板坝flatten 变平坦flatter 较平坦的flexible dam 软材料坝flexible 柔性的flight of locks 多级船闸float gate 浮式闸门flood control project 防洪工程flood control reservoir 防洪水库flood control 防洪flood discharge 泄洪flood diversion sluice 分洪闸flood gate 防洪闸门flood hydrograph 洪水水文图flood protection 防洪措施floor pressure arch 底板压力拱flow gauging station 测流堰flow net method 流网法flter layer 过滤层fluctuation 波动flush galley 排沙廊道flush tunnel 排沙洞flushing gate 冲泄闸门foliation 层理footing 底座footing slab 底板forestall 防止formed drains 预留排水formwork 模板foundation treatment 地基处理free drop 跌流free level tunnel 无压隧洞free overflow 自由泄流freeboard 超高frequency 频率friction 摩擦frost heaving 冻胀Froude number 弗汝德数frozen earth dam 冻土坝full mass mix 大体积伴合料functional 有效的Ggallery of sediment transport 输沙廊道gallery 廊道gap 孔隙gate 闸门gate dam 闸坝gate design 闸设计gate groove 闸门槽gate hoist 闸门启闭机gate opening 闸门开度gate seal 闸门止水gate slot 闸门槽gate viration 闸门振动gel 胶体化gemel arch 对拱geological 地质的geologist 地质师geology 地质geomembrane 土工膜geothermal reservoir 地热水库glacial material 冰碛料globe valve 球阀gorge 峡谷gradation 级配graded-channel fish pass 斜槽式鱼道grass 草grass protection 草皮护坡gravel 砾石gravity abutment 重力墩gravity arch dam 重力拱坝gravity dam 重力坝gravity dam on soft foundation 软基重力坝gravity method 重力法grit compartment 沉碴池groin 防波堤ground water 地下水group of siphons 成组虹吸管grout cap 灌浆帽grout curtain 灌浆帷幕grouted(ungrouted) 灌浆（不灌浆）grouting galley 灌浆廊道grouting 灌浆guaranteed efficiency 保证效率guide dam 导水坝guide wall 导流墙gypsum 石膏Hharrow 扒松harsh condition 严厉条件haul 拖拉haul distance 运输距离head loss 水头损失headgate 渠首闸headwater （上游）水头heel 踵height of dam 坝高heightening of dam 坝加高high dam 高坝high pressure gate 深水闸门hoist 启闭机hoisting capacity 启闭力hole plate dissipater 孔板消能工hollow arch dam 空腹拱坝hollow gravity dam 空腹重力坝hollow jet valve 空注阀homogeneous 均匀的homogeneous earth dam 均质坝horizontal drain 水平排水horizontal joint 水平施工缝hydraulic capsule 液压测力计,液压盒hydraulic design 水力设计hydraulic distributor 水力分配器hydraulic excavation 水力开挖hydraulic fill dam 水力冲填坝hydraulic fracture tests 水力断裂试验hydraulic gate 液压闸门hydraulic gradient 水力比降hydraulic hoist 液压启闭机hydraulic jack 液压千斤顶hydraulic jump 水跃hydraulic load cell 液压测力计hydraulic model test 水工模型试验hydraulic piezometer 水力式测压计hydraulic potentilal 水力位势hydraulic pressure test 压水试验hydraulic project 水利工程hydraulic prop 液压立柱hydraulic ram 水锤泵hydraulic stowing 水力充填hydraulic structure 水工建筑物hydraulic structure design 水工建筑物设计hydraulic tunnel 水工隧洞hydraulic uplift pressure 静水浮托力hydraulic vertical shiplift 水压式垂直升船机hydraulic wear 水力磨损hydraulics 水力学hydraulics method 水力学方法hydro-complex 水利枢纽hydrodynamic piezometer 液动式测力计hydrodynamic pressure 动水压力hydroelectic power plant 水力发电厂hydroelectric development 水电工程hydro-junction 水利枢纽hydrology 水文hydropower tunnel 水力发电隧洞hydrostatic head 静水头hydrostatic pressure 静水压力hydrosystem 水利系统hydrotechnic research 水工研究Ii.e. =idest 也就是；即是ice load 荷载ice pressure 冰压力identification 识别impairing 削弱，损害impeded 被阻碍imperfection 缺陷impervious blanket 防渗铺盖impervious core 不透水心墙impervious device 防渗设施impervious measure 防渗措施impervious 不透水的imposed loads 施加的荷载impound 拦蓄in large measure 很大程度in lieu of 代替in situ 现场inaccessibility 不可到达inactive fault 不活动断层inactive storage capacity 死库容inclined shaft fish lock 斜井式鱼道inclined ship lift 斜面升船机incorporated with 结合… independent arch method 纯拱法indetermined 超静定的indirect charge 间接费用inelastic strain 非弹性应变infiltration 渗入inherent 固有的initial setting time 初凝时间inlet 进水口inlet channel 进水道inlet sluice 进水闸inspection galley 检查廊道inspection 监测instantaneous 瞬时的intact 完好intake sluice 进水闸intake tower 进水塔intake works 进水建筑物integral part 主要的部分interbasin diversion 跨流域调水interlock 联结intermediate layer 过渡层interpretation 解释intrados 内拱圈invert elevation 底板高程inverted siphon 倒虹吸irregular settlement 不均匀沉陷irrigation grouting 灌溉隧洞Jjack 千斤顶jetty 丁坝joint grouting 接缝灌浆joint treatment 接缝处理jointing pattern 裂缝类型junction 连接Kkey walls 键槽墙keyed joint 键槽缝keyeway 键槽key-wall 刺墙Lland pier 边墩land wall 岸墙landslide 滑坡large dam 大坝large opening flow 大孔口泄流large reservoir 大型水库large water conservancy project 大型水利工程lateral cofferdam 侧向围堰lateral drainage 侧向排水lateral-flow spillway 侧流式溢洪道layered intaking 分层取水layout 布置layout drawing 布置图leading pile 导桩leakage 渗漏leakage preventive 防渗的leakproof of cofferdam 围堰防渗lean concrete 贫混凝土lean towards 倾向于lies with 依赖于…life time 生命期lift thickness 填筑厚度lifting force 上升lifting power 启门力lifting 上抬lignite 褐煤limestone 石灰岩limit equilibrium method for rigid block 刚体极限平衡法limit of bearing 承载能力lined canal 衬砌渠道lining 衬砌lining thickness 衬砌厚度liquefaction 液化liquid limit 液限loading combination 荷载组合local geology 局部地质local material dam 当地材料坝locality 地点lock chamber 闸室lock filling and emptying system 船闸输水系统lock gate 船闸闸口lock head 闸首locking device 锁闭装置locus 轨迹loe dam 低坝loess 黄土log chute 漂木道（泻木槽）log pass machine 过木机log pass structure 过木建筑物logway 筏道long crested weir 长顶堰long distance diversion project 调水工程long period storage reservoir 多年调节水库longitudinal inclined shiplift 纵向斜面升船机longitudinal joint 纵缝long-term storage 长期库容long-time deflection 持久挠度loose sand 松砂lower reservoir 下池low-speed wind tunnel 低速风洞Mmagnitude 震级；大小main gate 工作闸门maintain 维护masonry dam 圬工坝massive head buttress 大头支墩massive head 大头的massive-head buttress dam 大头坝material storage 储料场maximum credible earthquake 最大可能地震medium hydraulic project 中型水利工程medium reservoir 中型水库membrane seepage prevention 薄膜防渗middle level hole 中孔mine workings 煤矿坑道misleading 误导miter gate 人字闸门model experiment 模型试验modification 修改modulus of deformation 变形模量modulus of elasticity 弹性模量modulus 模量moisture content 含水量mold=mould 模压mole drainage 暗沟排水monitor 监测monolith 坝段monolithic 整体的monolithic gravity dam 整体式重力坝monthly regulating reservoir 月调节水库mound drain 堆石排水体mounting shaft 安装井movable dam 活动坝mowing 除草multi-arch-beam method 多拱梁法multiple arch 连拱multiple gated spillway 多闸门溢洪道multiple purpose reservoir 综合利用水库multiple-arch dam 连拱坝multiseasonal storage 多季调节水库Nnappe 水舌NATM(New Austrian Tunneling Method) 新奥法navigation lock 船闸navigation structure 通航建筑物needle valve 锥形阀negative cutoff 倒截水墙net head 净水头nomenclature 专门术语nominal diameter 标称直径nomography 诺莫图nonbonded 无粘着力的nonhomogeneity 不均匀性nonlinear 非线性nonoverflow dam 非溢流坝non-overflow groin 不过水丁坝non-pressure tunnel 无压隧洞nonuniform foundation 不均匀地基normal channel spillway 正槽式溢洪道norzzle mix 喷射料notch groove 凹槽notch spillway dam 凹口溢流坝nylon dam 尼龙坝Oobservation galley 观测廊道obtuse arch 钝拱obviate 消除offset 抵消ogee spillway 反弧形溢洪道oil-pressure operated hoist 油压启闭机one side water pressure 单侧水压力one-pier elbow draft tube 单墩肘形尾水管one-wall sheer-piling cofferdam 单排板桩围堰open joints 张开缝open spillway 开敞式溢洪道operating basis earthquake 运行期地震optimization design 优化设计optimum water content 最优含水量organic soil 有机土orientation 方向orifice spillway 孔口式溢洪道orifice with suppressed contraction 不完全孔口收缩orifice 孔口orthographic projection 正交投影outcrop 出露outer shell 外壳outer slope 外坡outlet 出水口outlet hole 泄水孔outlet sluice 排水闸outlet structure 泄水建筑物outlet works 泄水建筑物over flow dam 溢流坝overall 总体的overburden deposit 覆盖层overflow 溢流overflow dam 溢流坝overflow earth dam 过水土坝overflow rock-fill dam 过水堆石坝overflow section 溢流坝段overflow slab 溢流面板overflow weir 溢流堰overhang degree 倒悬度overhang 倒悬overhaul 大修oversize aggregate 超径骨料oversize 超尺寸overstressing 超应力overtopping 漫顶Pparapet 防浪墙partial storage 部分蓄水partially penetrating well 不完全渗水井pass horse 渡槽支架peak flood flow 洪峰流量penetrate 穿透；渗透penstock 压力管道percolation 渗漏perforate 穿孔perforated baffle plate 多孔导流板perimetric joint 周边缝peripheral 周边的peripheral joint 周边缝permanent 永久的pertain to 属于…pertinent features 有关特点pervious 透水的phreatic line 浸润线phylosophy 原理physical form 体型pier 闸墩pier and arch system 墩拱系统piezometer head 测压管水头pilot drift 导洞pipe drains 排水孔（管）piping 管涌plain seservoir 平原水库plan 平面图plane gate 平面闸门plastic gate 塑料闸门plastic 塑性的plinth 趾板plunge pool 消力塘poisson's ratio 泊松比polycentered 多圆心的ponding 灌水pore pressure 孔隙压力portal hoist 门式启闭机（门吊）power house dam section 厂房坝段power station at the toe of the dam 坝后式水电站power tansmission 电力输送practical section 实用断面precaution 预防precipitate 促使precipitous 陡峻的preclude 排除preliminary designs 初步设计preloading 预加载pressure diversion system 有压引水系统pressure fishlock 压力式鱼闸pressure rising valve 增压阀pressure tunnel 有压隧洞prestress 预应力prestressed concrete dam 预应力混凝土坝presumption 假定primary section 基本断面principal reservoir 龙头水库probability of occurrence 出现概率profile 剖面图project 工程项目project budget 工程预算project estimate 工程概算project facility 工程建筑物project financing 工程集资project investment 工程投资project layout 枢纽布置project planning 工程规划proper sequence 正常程序proportion 比例prototype 原型pulvino 靠垫pumped storage 抽水蓄能Q quarry 采石场quaternion wall 堤岸墙questionable 有问题的Rradial gate 弧形闸门rainy weather 降雨气候raiser 坝内直井rapid drawdown 骤降rational 合理的rear apron 防冲护底rebound 回弹reconnaissance 踏勘records 记录reference datum 参考基准面reference dimension 参考尺寸refinement 细致regional geology 区域地质regulating reservoir 调节水库regulating valve 调节阀regulator 节制闸reinforced concrete dam 钢筋混凝土坝reinforced concrete gate 钢筋混凝土闸门reinforcement 钢筋relative density 相对密度relief valve 减压阀relief vent 安全通风管relief well 减压井relocation 重新定位removal of form 拆模renforced earth dam 加筋土坝reorienting 重新定向repair 修理repetitional loading 反复荷载representative observations 代表性观测representative samples 代表性试样resemble 类似reservoir 水库reservoir bank 库岸reservoir operation 水库运行reservoir region 库区reservoir 水库reservoirs in parallel 并联水库reshape 重新修改（体型）residual soil 残积土residual strain 残余应变residual stress 残余应力resistance 抗力resonance 共振response spectrum 反应谱restrain 约束restricted location 局限区域retain 保留retaining works 挡水建筑物reveal 表现ridge 山脊rigidity 刚度riprap 乱石护坡riprap 护坡riprap slope protection 抛石护坡riser 上升管道river bank spillway 河岸式溢洪道river diversion 导流river dredging 导流疏浚river sluice 拦河闸rock floor 岩粉rock placement 填石rock-faced dam 堆石护面坝rock-fill dam 堆石坝rocky walls 岩质岸坡rolled dam 碾压坝rolled earth dam 碾压土坝rolled fill compaction 碾压填筑roller bucket 消力戽Roller Compacted Concrete Dam 碾压混凝土坝roller compacted concrete face 碾压混凝土面板roller compacted concrete facing dam 碾压混凝土面板坝roller gate 辊式闸门roller passes 辗压遍数rolling plains 丘陵地区rotary 旋转的roughening trough fishway 加糙槽式鱼道round-head 圆头rubber dam 橡胶坝rugged 不平的；粗糙的run-off 径流runup 波浪爬高Ssaddle spillway 凹口溢洪道safe bearing capacity 安全承载能力safe freeboard 安全超高safety discharge 安全泄量safety factor 安全系数safety load 安全荷载safety regulations 安全规程safety valve 安全阀sag ratio 垂跨比sand-cement 水泥砂浆sandstone 砂岩saturation 饱和scale effects 尺度效应schematic 概略的scouring sluice 冲沙闸screening 筛选screw hoist 螺杆式启闭机seal 止水sealing 封闭seasonal regulating reservoir 季调节水库second-stage concrete 第二期混凝土section 断面图sector gate 扇形闸门sediment accrual 泥沙累积（增长）sediment bottom sluice 排沙底孔sediment ejection outlet 排沙孔seepage 渗流seepage characteristics 渗透特性seepage control of gate foundation 闸基防渗seepage losses 渗漏损失seepage of earth dam 土坝渗流seepage prevention 防渗seepage proof design 防渗设计seepape proof facing plate 防渗面板segmented 分段segregation 分离seismic 地震的seismic action 地震作用seismic design of dam 坝抗震设计seismic shock 地震seismological data 地震资料selection of dam site 坝址选择selection of dam type 坝型选择self collapse dam 自溃坝self collapse spillway 自溃式溢洪道self healing 自愈service bridge 启闭机桥service bridge 工作桥service gate 检修闸门set 凝固settlement 沉降shade into 搭接shaft fish lock 竖井式鱼闸shaft intake 井式进水口shaft spillway 井式溢洪道shaft 竖井shale 页岩shear 剪切裂缝shear strength 抗剪强度shear-friction factor 剪摩系数sheet pile 板桩shell 壳shell dam 硬壳坝shell gate 薄壳闸门shell structure 薄壳结构ship lift 升船机ship reception chamber 承船厢shirt dissipater 裙板消能工shovel 挖土机shrinkage 收缩shutter gate 翻板闸门side caving 边坡崩落side channel spillway 侧槽式溢洪道side channel 旁侧渠道（溢洪道）side load 边荷载side pier 边墩silt 淤沙silt arrester 淤地坝silt pressure 泥沙压力silt releasing sluice 排沙闸siltation dam 淤填坝silting basin 沉沙池silt-releasing sluice 冲沙闸（排沙闸）silt-releasing tunnel 排沙隧洞silty soil 粉质土simplified Bishop method 简化毕肖普法single curvature 单曲率的single lift lock 单级船闸single-center arch 单心圆拱single-curvature arch dam 单曲拱坝siphon 虹吸siphon intake 虹吸式进水口siphon spillway 虹吸式溢洪道sketch 草图ski-jump spillway 滑雪道式溢洪道slab and buttress dam 平板支墩坝slab and buttress 平板与支墩slab and girder 板梁结构slab buttress dam 平板坝slab gate 平板闸门slabby bedrock 层状（板状）岩石slide valve 滑阀slide 滑动sliding gate 滑动闸门slope protection 护坡slope protection of earth-roch dam 土石坝护坡slope stability 边坡稳定sloping core type dam 斜墙坝sloping core 斜墙slot 门槽slot dissipater 窄缝式消能工slotted bucket lip 槽式鼻坎slotted gravity dam 宽缝重力坝slotted spillway bucket 齿槽式挑流鼻坎sluice 水闸sluice across river 拦河闸sluice board 闸底板sluice opening 泄水孔sluice pipe 泄水管道slurry fill dam 水坠坝slurry trench 泥浆槽slurry 泥浆small dam 小坝small hydraulic project 小型水利工程small reservoir 小型水库snow melt 溶雪sockle 基座soft intercalated layer 软弱夹层soil flow 流土soil packed 充填土壤的soil profile 土壤剖面soilwater contents 土壤含水量solar radiation 太阳辐射solid gravity dam 实体重力坝soluble 可溶的solution cavern 溶洞solution cavity 溶洞sound 坚硬的spall 剥落specific heat 比热specifications drawing 技术图纸specified 规定的spillway tunnel 泄洪隧洞spillway 溢洪道splitting 劈裂spray 喷射sprayed concrete 喷混凝土spread footing 扩大柱脚sprinkling 喷射spur dam 丁坝stability against sliding 抗滑稳定性stability of abutment 坝肩稳定stability of dam slope 坝坡稳定stabilization of dam foundation 坝基加固stage construction 分期施工standard pressure 标准压力standing wave 驻波statistical analysis 统计分析stave flume 板条渡槽steel gate 钢闸门steel pile 钢板柱steel radial gate 弧形钢闸门steep abutment 陡坝肩steep bank revetment 陡坡护岸steep bluff 陡峻的削壁steep channel 陡槽stepped dam 台阶坝stepped fish pass 梯级鱼道stiffener 加劲梁stilling basin 静水池stilling pool 消力池stockpiling 堆料stone masonry arch dam 浆砌石拱坝stone masonry dam 砌石坝stone masonry gravity dam 浆砌石重力坝stone pitching 砌石护坡stop log gate 叠梁闸门storage allocation 库容分配strain softening 应变软化strata (stratum）层stratification 分层stratified foundation 层状地基stream bed 河床stream diversion 河流导流stream flowing 河流strengthening of dam 坝加固stress analysis 应力分析stress around opening 孔口应力stress at heel of dam 坝踵应力stress concentration 应力集中strike 走向structural element 结构单元sub-base 下卧层submerged dam 潜坝submerged orifice fish pass 淹没孔口式鱼道suction 虹吸sudden release 突然释放summation 总和sump pump 排水泵superimposed loads 上部荷载surge 冲击surveillance 监视suseeptible 敏感的suspended 悬浮的sustained 持续的sustained overload 持续过载sustained surges 持续涌浪symmetric arch dam 对称式拱坝symmetrical 对称的symmetry 对称Ttail race tunnel 尾水隧洞tailings dam 尾矿坝tailwater 尾水tansition section 渐变段temperature action 温度作用temperature control 温度控制temperature fluctuation 温度变化temperature load 温度荷载temperature stress 温度应力tempered with 按...调正temporary 暂时的tentative 暂定的test fill 试验填筑theoretical computation 理论计算thermal expansion 热膨胀thin arch dam 薄拱坝three-way valve 三通阀throttle valve 节流阀thrust block 推力轴承thrust block 推力块体（重力块）thrust 推力tidal sluice 挡潮闸time history 时程toe slab 趾板token 象征性的top hole 表孔top layer diversion 表层取水topographic 地形的topography 地形trackage 道路；轨迹traffic bridge 交通桥training dam 顺坝training wall 导水墙transition section 过渡段transition zone 过渡区transmit 传送transverse cracking 横缝transverse inclined shiplift 横向斜面升船机transverse joint 横缝trapezoidal 梯形的trapezoidal buttress dam 梯形坝trash rack 拦污栅trash screen 进水格栅trash sluice of fishway 鱼道清污traverse 切断tread 踩踏tremie 导管trench 槽Trial Load Method of Analysis 试荷载法Trial-Load Method 试荷载法triangular gate 三角闸门triangular 三角形的trim 平整trimming 修整tunnel design 隧洞设计tunnel fork 隧洞分岔段tunnel transition 隧洞渐变段tunnel 隧洞twist effects 扭转效应twisted structure 扭转结构twisting 扭转Uunderclay 底粘土undercut 下切underground dam 地下坝underground reservoir 地下水库underlying soil 下卧土层undermine 淘刷underwater tunnel 水下隧洞undulation 起伏unequal settlement 不均匀沉降unlined tunnel 无衬砌隧洞unusual condition 非常条件updated 更新的upland 高地uplift 扬压力upper reservoir 上池upstream aprons 上游铺盖upstream edge 上游边缘upstream face 迎水面upstream of dam 坝上游U-shaped canyon U形峡谷usuall condition 正常条件Vvacuum valve 真空阀valve gate 阀门variable backwater region 变动回水区。