5 中药与方剂翻译解析
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中药方剂:中药方剂及答案解析1、填空题天王补心丹中用量最大的药物是()。
正确答案:生地黄2、问答题香芎汤功效与作用正确答案:风壅齿痛不可忍,或牙齿动摇,并口内生疮者。
3、问答题掀肿膏功效与作用正确答案:赤眼肿痛。
(江南博哥)4、问答题通窍汤功效与作用正确答案:外感风寒,鼻塞声重流涕。
散寒通窍。
5、问答题铁笛丸2功效与作用正确答案:肺热咽干,失音声哑。
润肺利咽。
6、问答题香芎散2功效与作用正确答案:偏正头风。
7、问答题天麻黄膏汤功效与作用正确答案:表有风证,因连日酣饮,其证复来,右口角并眼颇有侧视,及左手左脚腿麻木疼痛。
8、问答题芎术香苏散功效与作用正确答案:四时感冒,头痛发热,鼻塞声重。
9、问答题下虫丸2功效与作用正确答案:虫积。
10、问答题温经汤2功效与作用正确答案:寒气客于血室,血凝不行,致经道不通,绕脐寒疝痛彻,其脉沉紧者。
温经散寒,活血化瘀。
11、问答题魏香散功效与作用正确答案:小儿盘肠内吊,腹中极痛,干啼后偃。
12、问答题新伤续断汤功效与作用正确答案:骨损伤初、中期。
活血祛瘀,止痛接骨。
13、问答题卫生宝丹功效与作用正确答案:痈疽,发背,对口,疔疮,无名肿毒,杨梅,痔疮,打扑损伤,蛇、蝎、疯犬咬伤,伤梅2梅2梅2慲楴汴ㄣ??椥耀?王不留行散114、问答题芎术除眩汤功效与作用正确答案:寒湿上犯,头重眩晕。
15、问答题仙遗粮汤功效与作用正确答案:杨梅疮。
16、问答题文蛤汤功效与作用正确答案:吐后渴欲得水而贪饮者;兼主微风,脉紧头痛。
清里疏表。
17、问答题顽癣浮萍丸功效与作用正确答案:顽癣。
祛风燥湿,清热解毒。
18、问答题五痹汤功效与作用正确答案:风寒湿邪,客留肌肤,手足缓弱,麻痹不仁,或气血失顺,痹滞不仁。
19、问答题杏仁煎2功效与作用正确答案:眼暴赤。
(红眼病)20、问答题消风散4功效与作用正确答案:四时感冒,发热恶寒,头痛声重。
发汗解表。
21、填空题同时含有桃仁、川穹、当归的方剂是();补阳还五汤。
中医常用方剂解析大全English Answer:Introduction.Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has a vastrepertoire of herbal formulas, each with its unique combination of ingredients and therapeutic actions. These formulas have been used for centuries to treat a wide range of conditions, from common ailments to chronic diseases.Analysis of Common Herbal Formulas.1. Four Gentlemen Decoction (`Si Jun Zi Tang` 四君子汤)。
Composition: Ginseng, atractylodes, white peony root, and roasted licorice root.Indications: Spleen and stomach qi deficiency, fatigue, loose stools, abdominal distension.Actions: Tonifies qi, invigorates the spleen, and strengthens digestion.2. Six Harmonizing Decoction (`Liu Wei Di Huang Wan` 六味地黄丸)。
Composition: Cornus fruit, Chinese yam, lycium fruit, rehmannia root, peony root, and alisma rhizome.Indications: Kidney yin deficiency, hot flashes, night sweats, lower back pain.Actions: Nourishes yin, clears heat, and strengthens the kidneys.3. Bu Zhong Yi Qi Tang (补中益气汤)。
07.001方剂prescription,recipe,formula 07.002处方法prescribing method07.003配伍synergy07.004药对couplet medicines07.005方论discourse on prescription 07.006经方classical prescriptions 07.007时方non-classical prescriptions 07.008单方simple recipe07.009复方compound recipe07.010验方experiential effective recipe 07.011秘方secret recipe07.012中成药traditional Chinese patentmedicines and simplepreparations07.013君药sovereign drug07.014臣药minister drug07.015佐药assistant drug07.016佐助药supplementary drug07.017佐制药supplementary inhibitorymedicines07.018反佐药contrary drug07.019使药envoy drug07.020调和药harmonizing drug07.021引经药channel ushering drug 07.022剂型preparation07.023汤剂decoction07.024浓缩煎剂concentrated decoction 07.025膏滋oral thick paste07.026片剂tablet07.027泡腾片effervescent tablet07.028线剂thread formula07.029条剂stripe formula07.030露剂distillate formula07.031膏药plaster;medicinal paste 07.032软膏剂ointment07.033散剂powder07.034丸剂pill, bolus07.035蜜丸honeyed pill07.036水丸watered pill07.037水蜜丸water-honeyed pill 07.038糊丸flour and water paste pill 07.039浓缩丸concentrated pill07.040蜡丸wax pill07.041微丸mini-pill07.042滴丸剂dripping pill07.043颗粒剂granules07.044胶囊剂capsule07.045硬胶囊剂hard capsule07.046软胶囊剂soft capsule07.047微囊剂micro-capsule07.048茶剂medicinal tea07.049糕剂cake07.050栓剂suppository07.051搽剂liniment07.052锭剂lozenge07.053[烟]熏剂smoke fumigant 07.054曲剂fermented medicine 07.055胶剂gel07.056气雾剂aerosol07.057喷雾剂spray07.058灌肠剂enema07.059灸剂moxibustion formula 07.060熨剂compression formula 07.061合剂mixture07.062酊剂tincture07.063酒剂wine07.064浸膏剂extract07.065流浸膏剂liquid extract07.066口服液oral liquid07.067糖浆剂syrup07.068注射剂injection07.069乳剂emulsion07.070滴鼻剂nasal drop07.071滴眼剂eye drop07.072滴耳剂ear drop07.073水煎decoct with water 07.074酒煎decoct with wine 07.075先煎decocted earlier 07.076后下decocted later07.077包煎wrap-boiling07.078另煎decocted separately07.079烊化melt07.080兑入mix07.081生汁兑入mix with fresh juice07.082溶化dissolve07.083冲服administered after dissolved 07.084火候optimal fire07.085文火mild fire07.086武火strong fire07.087临睡服administered before bed time 07.088饭前服administered before meal; a.c.;ante cibum07.089饭后服administered after meal ; p.c.;post cibum07.090空腹服administered at empty stomach 07.091热服administered hot07.092温服administered warm07.093冷服administered cold07.094噙化administered under tongue 07.095顿服administered at draught07.096分服taken separately07.097频服taken frequently07.098药引medicinal usher07.099解表剂superficies-resolving formula 07.100辛温解表剂formula for relieving superficiessyndrome with pungent andwarm natured drugs07.101辛凉解表剂formula for relieving superficiessyndrome with pungent and coolnatrued drugs07.102扶正解表剂formula for strengthening bodyresistance and relievingsuperficies07.103表里双解剂formula for relieving bothsuperficial and internal disorders 07.104解表清里剂formula for relieving superficiesand clearing interior07.105解表温里剂formula for relieving superficiesand warming interior07.106解表通里剂formula for relieving superficiesand catharsis07.107和解少阳剂reconciling shaoyang formula 07.108清热剂heat-clearing formula07.109清气分热剂formula for clearing heat at qilevel07.110清营凉血剂formula for clearing nutrient leveland cooling blood07.111清热解毒剂formula for clearing heat andremoving toxicity07.112清脏腑热剂formula for clearing heat inviscerae07.113清热解暑剂formula for clearing heat andanti-summer- heat07.114清虚热剂formula for clearing asthenicfever07.115温里剂warming interior formula07.116温中散寒剂formula for warming interior fordispersing cold07.117回阳救逆剂formula for restoring yang andrescuing patient from collapse 07.118温经散寒剂formula for warming channel fordispersing cold07.119泻下剂formula for purgation07.120寒下剂cold cathartic formula07.121温下剂warm cathartic formula07.122润下剂moistened cathartic formula 07.123逐水剂drastic diuretics formula07.124补益剂supplementing [and boosting]formula07.125补气剂qi-supplementing formula07.126补血剂blood-supplementing formula07.127气血双补剂formula for benefiting both qi andblood07.128补阴剂yin-supplementing formula07.129补阳剂yang-supplementing formula 07.130阴阳并补剂formula for benefiting both yinand yang07.131固涩剂astringent formula07.132固表止汗剂formula for consolidatingsuperficies for arresting sweating 07.133敛肺止咳剂formula for astringing lung forrelieving cough07.134涩肠固脱剂formula for astringing intestineand arresting proptosis07.135涩精止遗剂formula for astringingspermatorrhea07.136固崩止带剂formula for arresting leucorrheaand metrorrhagia07.137安神剂sedative;tranquillizing formula 07.138消食剂digestive formula07.139开窍剂formula for resuscitation07.140凉开剂cold formula for resuscitation 07.141温开剂warm formula for resuscitation 07.142理气剂carminative formula;qi regulatedformula07.143行气剂formula for activating qi flowing 07.144降气剂formula for descending qi07.145理血剂blood-regulating formula07.146活血剂blood-activating formula07.147止血剂blood-stanching formula07.148治风剂formula for wind disorder07.149疏散外风剂formula for dispersing externalwind07.150平熄内风剂formula for calming downinternal wind07.151祛湿剂desiccating formula07.152和胃燥湿剂formula for harmonizing thestomach and drying dampness 07.153清热祛湿剂formula for clearing heat andeliminating dampness07.154利水渗湿剂formula for diuresis and diffusingdampness07.155温化水湿剂formula for warmly resolvingwatery dampness07.156祛痰剂phlegm-expelling formula07.157温燥化痰剂formula for resolving phlegmwith warm drugs07.158清润化痰剂formula for resolving phlegmwith clear-moistening drugs 07.159治风化痰剂formula for resolving phlegmwith arresting wind07.160驱虫剂anti-helminthic formula07.161涌吐剂emetic formula07.162一贯煎yiguan decoction07.163丁香柿蒂汤dingxiang shidi decoction07.164七宝美髯丹qibao meiran mini-pills07.165七厘散qili powder;qili san07.166九仙散jiuxian powder07.167九味羌活汤jiuwei qianghuo decoction07.168二至丸erzhi pills07.169二妙散ermiao powder07.170二陈汤erchen decoction07.171八正散bazheng powder07.172八珍汤bazhen decoction07.173十灰散shihui powder07.174十枣汤shizao decoction07.175三子养亲汤sanzi yangqin decoction 07.176三甲复脉汤sanjia fumai decoction 07.177三仁汤sanren decoction07.178三物备急丸sanwu beiji pill07.179川芎茶调散chuanxiong chatiao powder;chuanxiong chatiao san07.180大补阴丸da buyin pill;da buyin wan 07.181大定风珠dadingfengzhu pill07.182大建中汤dajianzhong decoction07.183大承气汤dachengqi decoction07.184大柴胡汤dachaihu decoction07.185大秦艽汤daqinjiao decoction07.186大黄牡丹汤dahuang mudan decoction 07.187大黄附子汤dahuang fuzi decoction 07.188小建中汤xiaojianzhong decoction 07.189小金丹xiaojin mini-pills07.190小青龙汤xiaoqinglong decoction 07.191小活络丹xiaohuoluo mini-pills 07.192小柴胡汤xiaochaihu decoction 07.193小续命汤xiaoxuming decoction 07.194小蓟饮子xiaoji drink07.195小儿回春丹xiao'er huichun mini-pills 07.196乌梅丸wumei pills07.197五仁丸wuren pills07.198五皮饮wupi drink07.199五味消毒饮wuwei xiaodu drink07.200五苓散wuling powder;wuling san 07.201五积散wuji powder07.202六一散liuyi powder; 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1.方剂学:是研究和阐明方剂学的基本理论(治法等)、方剂的配伍规律及其临床运用的一门学科.2.方剂:是中医在辨证审因,确定治法的基础上,按照组方原则,选择适当的药物配伍组合,并酌定剂量、确定适宜的剂型及用量而成的处方,是为方剂。
3.治法:即治疗方法.指临床辨明证候之后,在治疗原则的指导下,针对病证的病因病机所拟定的治疗方法。
4.八法:为清代医家程钟龄在《医学心悟》中所提出的8种治疗大法,即所谓:“论治病之方,则有以汗、和、下、消、吐、清、温、补,八法尽之”。
5.调和营卫:是纠正营卫不和,解除风邪的一种治法。
风寒邪自表而入,可引起营卫不和,见头痛发热,恶风汗出,脉浮缓等证候,治以桂枝汤。
方中以桂枝温卫助阳,解肌发表;配白芍药滋养营阴,收敛阴液。
合则既能温卫阳,又可养营阴,从而达到调和营卫的目的。
6.辛甘化阳:是指用辛味药与甘味药相互配伍以增强扶助机体阳气,强壮阳气的治法。
如桂甘汤中以桂枝之辛与甘草之甘相互配伍,辛甘合化为阳,从而起到温心阳,益心气,通心脉、和血气,的作用,用治心阳不振的心动悸等证。
7.酸甘化阴:是指用酸味药和甘味药相互配伍以增强益阴的治法。
化阴,即敛阴、滋阴并进而使阴血日长之意。
临床常用于阴伤之证。
如桂枝汤中以白芍之酸与甘草之甘相合配伍,酸甘并用,既敛又滋,从而起到化阴滋营的作用,以补充营阴的不足。
8.逆流挽舟:指治疗痢疾初起而有表证(外感夹湿型痢疾)的一种方法。
古人认为,痢疾本来是邪气从表内陷于里,这时用败毒散疏表除湿,寓散于通,使表气疏通,里滞亦除,其痢自愈。
亦即邪自外入里,治疗上使邪从外而出,由里出表,好象在逆水中挽船上行的方法,故称。
9.制性存用:指方剂中通过药物的配伍,使某一药物的药性被其它的药物所制约,但又发挥其应有的功效,起到相反相成的作用,如银翘散中的荆芥。
10.热结旁流:是阳明腑实证的一种类型,同样有燥屎内结于肠中,但表现有“下利清水”,即时有排泄出黄臭的粪水,而不见燥屎泻出,况且,其虽有下利而腹痛、腹满不减,说明肠中仍有实热积滞,仍属阳明腑实证,是为“热结旁流”。
方剂学名词解释方剂学是研究方剂的组方原理、配伍规律、临床运用以及方剂与中医理论关系的一门学科。
在中医药学中,方剂是中医治疗疾病的重要手段之一,它由一组特定的药物按照一定的原则组合而成。
下面,我们来详细解释一些方剂学中的常见名词。
方剂:方剂是在辨证审因确定治法之后,选择合适的药物,酌定用量,按照组方结构的要求,妥善配伍而成的。
方剂不是药物的随意堆砌,而是有目的、有法度地将药物组合应用。
君药:君药是方剂中针对主病或主证起主要治疗作用的药物。
其药力居方中之首,是方剂组成中不可缺少的药物。
君药的性能规定和影响着整个方剂的性能。
臣药:臣药有两种意义。
一是辅助君药加强治疗主病或主证的药物;二是针对兼病或兼证起治疗作用的药物。
臣药的药力小于君药。
佐药:佐药的意义较为复杂,主要有佐助药、佐制药和反佐药三种。
佐助药是协助君、臣药以加强治疗作用,或直接治疗次要兼证的药物;佐制药是用以消除或减缓君、臣药的毒性或烈性的药物;反佐药是根据病情需要,使用与君药药性相反而又能在治疗中起相成作用的药物。
使药:使药有两种含义。
一是引经药,即能引方中诸药以达病所的药物;二是调和药,即具有调和诸药作用的药物。
七情配伍:这是中药配伍的一种理论。
包括单行、相须、相使、相畏、相杀、相恶、相反七种情况。
单行是指用单味药治病;相须是指两种性能功效类似的药物配合应用,可以增强原有药物的疗效;相使是指以一种药物为主,另一种药物为辅,两药合用,辅药可以提高主药的功效;相畏是指一种药物的毒性反应或副作用,能被另一种药物减轻或消除;相杀是指一种药物能减轻或消除另一种药物的毒性或副作用;相恶是指一种药物能使另一种药物原有功效降低,甚至丧失;相反是指两种药物合用,能产生或增强毒性反应或副作用。
药对:药对是指在方剂中经常一起使用、相辅相成的两味药物。
它们的组合具有一定的规律性和科学性,能够增强疗效、降低毒性或者产生新的治疗作用。
治法:治法是在辨清证候,审明病因、病机之后,有针对性地采取的治疗法则。
中医常用方剂解析1、麻黄加术汤《千金要略》组成:麻黄15,杏仁 15,桂枝 10,白术 20,甘草 10 煎剂,一日一剂,日三服,温服。
麻黄先煎。
适应症:适应于湿盛伴有小便不利者,以脉浮缓。
头痛,咳喘,浮肿,小便不利,鼻塞为主要指征。
可用于:风湿热,关节炎,急性肾炎,肾病综合症,以及煤气中毒,鼻源性头痛等病症。
方解:麻黄,桂枝解表;麻黄和杏仁一起,宣肺利水;甘草调和诸药;白术和麻黄、杏仁一起,加强利水作用且能治身痛。
在煤气中毒时,这种发散,利水作用有利于解毒和排泄毒物。
药物疗效:麻黄为止喘药,杏仁为止咳药,桂枝为温中药,白术为健脾利湿药,有利尿和降血糖作用。
2、麻黄杏石甘汤《伤寒论》组成:麻黄15杏仁15甘草10石膏20煎剂一日一剂,一日三服早晚温服麻黄先煎。
适应症:多汗,胸闷,口渴,咳喘,呼吸困难。
如气管炎,支气管喘息,心源性喘息,肺炎和此类病症相类同的疾病。
方解:麻黄解表利湿,可治咳喘;杏仁和麻黄协同平喘利湿;石膏解热清肺,甘草调和诸药;麻黄和石膏协同,防止邪气上冲有止汗作用。
麻黄止喘,升压,杏仁为止咳平喘,石膏清热利湿。
3、麻杏薏甘汤组成:麻黄15杏仁15薏苡仁10炙甘草8适应症:用天发汗后而受风体冷,头痛病症。
如肌肉风湿,风湿性关节炎,神经痛,妊娠肾病,肌体麻木,喘息,冻疮等。
方解:麻黄解表,杏仁协同麻黄,平喘利水,薏苡米仁利湿,和甘草协同有止痛作用。
主治范围包括,风、湿、寒、发热,身痛,以及因血燥而致之病症。
治例摘录:例一:病人为60 多男性,主诉颈背痛而强硬,。
经予葛根汤无效,脉浮有力,颈部僵直起床卧床皆需人协助,给予麻杏薏甘汤二剂后,病减半。
四剂病全消例二:病人为老身妇女,热天夜间露宿庭外,黎明起发现左肩剧烈疼痛。
午后加重,给予麻杏薏甘仁汤二剂后病症消失。
附记:本方为常用宣肺平喘利湿方,由麻黄汤去桂枝,加薏仁而成。
4、柴葛解肌汤《伤寒论》六书。
组成:柴胡15葛根10黄苓10桂枝10半夏10芍药10麻黄10石膏(碎) 20干姜8甘草8煎剂,一日一剂,一日三服,温服。
Lesson 16ⅰ.1. Chinese medicinal herbs2. four properties and five flavors3. the part used for medical purpose4. collection of herbs5. processing of herbs6. eliminating impurity/ removal of impurity7. mild/ moderate effect8. relieving exterior syndrome by dispersion9. astringing and checking10. lubricant purgation by softening hardness11. drying dampness to invigorate the spleen12. ascending, descending, sinking and floating13. channel/meridian tropism//channel distribution of medicines14. medication contraindication15. dosage16. pungent and warm herbs with the function of relieving exterior syndrome17. herbs for expelling wind and dampness18. eighteen incompatible herbs and nineteenherbs of mutual antagonism19. herbs for clearing away heat and cooling blood20. herbs for eliminating sputum and stopping coughⅱ.1. The seasons and methods of collecting herbs vary with the parts used for medicinal purpose of the herbal plants.2. Processing of herbs refers to the preparation of crude herbs with water, fire, alcohol and vinegar.3. The aim of processing is to get rid of /eliminate/ remove impurity and make the herbs clean for the convenience of oral taking / administration and storage.4. The processing of herbs can reduce the toxicity,intensity and side-effects of herbs and reinforce the curative effect.5. Cold-natured herbs have the function of clearing away heat, purging fire, and removing toxins/detoxification.6. Cool-natured herbs have the same function with cold-natured herbs except that the former is milder.7. Hot-natured herbs have the function of expelling coldness, warming the interior and invigorating yang.8. Mild-natured/ Neutral herbs fall in between cool-natured herbs and warm-natured herbs.9. Herbs pungent in flavor have the function of dispersing and promoting qi flow and blood circulation.10. Herbs sweet in flavor have the function of tonifying, harmonizing and moderating.11. Herbs sour in flavor have the function of astringing and controlling.12. Herbs bitter in flavor have the function of drying dampness and promoting defecation.13. Herbs salty in flavor have the function of softening hardness for lubricant defecation. 14. The functional tendencies of herbs are marked by ascending, descending, sinking and floating.15. Channel tropism means that certain herbs playa central role in treating certain disorders of the viscera and channels.16. Most herbs have to be used in combination except a few special ones used singularly/in a single way.17. Proper combination of herbs can reinforce the curative effects or reduce toxicity.18. Overuse of herbs with acute/strong toxicity will cause side-effects or intoxication.19. Special attention should be paid to the contraindication of herbs for medication in gestational period.20. The dosage of a singularly-applied herb should be small while the dosage of herbs in a compound prescription should be large.Lesson 17ⅰ.1. Science of prescription/prescriptionology2. compatibility/combinative relationship3. prescription-formulating principle4. modification of prescriptions5. drug form and dosage6. sovereign, minister, assistant and guide7. toxicity of medicinal herbs8. moderating /neutralizing the property of herbs9. guiding action10. mediating all herbs in a prescription11. warming meridians to dissipate cold12. dispersing lung to relieve/sooth asthma13. flexible modification14. clearing away and dispersing stagnated heat15. modification according to symptoms16. processed herbs/prepared slices of Chinese crude herbs17. powder for oral taking18. medicinal extract for external application19. mixed/infused in boiled water for oral taking20. condensed extractⅱ.1. The science of prescription aims to study the compatibility, formulating rule, and clinical application of different herbs in a prescription as well as the pharmacology of compound prescription.2. Modification of herbs refers to the changes of prescription effect by adding or deducting/subtracting one or several herbs, or by changing the compatibility of different herbs ina prescription.3. The function and indication of a prescription vary with the modification of herbs in the prescription.4. The compatibility/combination of Mahuang and Shigao aims to clear away and disperse stagnated heat.5. Under the circumstances of unchanged main syndrome, one or several herbs could be added or deducted according to the changes of symptoms.6. Though there are certain rules for the formulation of prescriptions, the application of the prescriptions is very flexible.7. The advantage of decoction is that the effective elements can be easily absorbed after being taken.8. Herbs with the function of promoting sweating to relieve the exterior syndrome are not suitable for long-term decoction because the main substances of these herbs are volatile oil. 9. For some fresh herbs, they are usually taken by extracting juice.10. Pills are commonly used in chronic diseases because they are slow in absorption.11. The powders for external application, made by grinding medicinal herbs into minute substances, are often spread or pasted on affected areas of the body for topical treatment.12. Medicated wine can generally activate blood to dredge collaterals and expel wind to stop pain, so it is often used to treat rheumatalgia or pains due to sprain, etc.13. Exterior syndrome-relieving prescription, mainly composed of pungent herbs with the function of dispersing exterior pathogenic factors, is used to treat exterior syndromes.14. Mahuang Decoction is very effective in diaphoresis/promoting sweating, so it is used only to treat exterior-excess syndrome due to wind-cold.15. Guizhi Decoction is effective in expelling exogenous pathogenic factors from the skin and muscles and harmonizing yingfen and weifen /ying and wei aspect.16. Wind-expelling prescription is mainly composed of herbs with the function of expelling wind-cold or herbs with the function of eliminating wind-dampness.17. The herbs used in wind-expelling prescriptions are mostly bitter in flavor, warm and dry in property, and yang-lifting in function.18. Dampness-expelling prescription, mainly composed of herbs with the function of expellingpathogenic dampness, is used to treat rheumatism.19. Heat-clearing prescription, mainly composed of cool or cold natured herbs, is used to treat heat syndrome and fire syndrome.20. Purgative prescription, mainly composed of herbs with the function of purgation, is used to purge interior-excess.。
07.001方剂prescription在辨证、辨病,确定立法的基础上,根据组方原则和结构,选择适宜药物组合而成的药方和制剂。
07.002处方法prescribing method根据大量方剂分类,总结出用药规律,以法统方,指导临床用药组方的方法。
07.003配伍synergy采取两种或两种以上中药组合成方,以增效减毒、提高疗效的中医主要用药形式。
07.004药对couplet medicines两味药成对相配,多有协同增效或减毒作用。
07.005方论discourse onprescription 对方剂的名称、药物的组成配伍、功效主治、用量服法及其加减等的论述。
07.006经方classical prescriptions汉代以前经典医药著作中记载的方剂,以张仲景的方剂为代表。
07.007时方non-classicalprescriptions 汉代张仲景之后医家所创制的方剂,与经方相对而言。
07.008单方simple recipe多为用单味药或简单的药味组成的方剂。
07.009复方compound recipe两味药物以上组成的方剂。
古称重方。
07.010验方experiential effectiverecipe临床反复使用而有效的方剂。
07.011秘方secret recipe有效而密不外传的方剂。
07.012中成药traditional Chinesepatent medicines andsimple preparations 临床反复使用、安全有效、剂型固定,并采取合理工艺制备成质量稳定、可控,经批准依法生产的成方中药制剂。
07.013君药sovereign drug又称"主药"。
方剂中对主证或主要症状起主要治疗作用的药物。
07.014臣药minister drug又称"辅药"。
方剂中辅助君药治疗主证的药物。
07.015佐药assistant drug方剂中协助君、臣药以治疗兼证与次要症状,或制约君、臣药的毒性与烈性,或用作反佐的药物的统称。
中医方剂名称的翻译原则与方法【摘要】探讨了一直为医学界翻译人员最为关注的中医方剂名称的翻译问题。
笔者认为如果译者严格按照翻译原则和采用恰当的翻译方法去翻译中医方剂名称,中医方剂名称翻译将会日趋标准化,译者对于方剂名称的翻译水平也会越来越高。
【关键词】方剂名称;翻译;原则与方法Abstract:This article discusses that the translation about the names of the traditional Chinese prescriptions is a vital issue that the interpreters show their greatest concern to.The present writer attempts to discuss if the interpreters closely abide by the three translating principles and properly adapt the translating approaches to translation of the names of the traditional Chinese prescriptions,they will make great contributions to the standardization of this translation and their translation levels about the traditional Chinese prescriptions will be improved a lot.Key words:the names of the prescriptions;translation;principles and approaches在中药方剂学翻译中,方剂名称的翻译一直是医学界翻译人员最为关注的问题。
中医常用方剂解析1、麻黄加术汤《千金要略》组成:麻黄15,杏仁15,桂枝10,白术20,甘草10煎剂,一日一剂,日三服,温服.麻黄先煎。
适应症:适应于湿盛伴有小便不利者,以脉浮缓。
头痛,咳喘,浮肿,小便不利,鼻塞为主要指征。
可用于:风湿热,关节炎,急性肾炎,肾病综合症,以及煤气中毒,鼻源性头痛等病症。
方解:麻黄,桂枝解表;麻黄和杏仁一起,宣肺利水;甘草调和诸药;白术和麻黄、杏仁一起,加强利水作用且能治身痛。
在煤气中毒时,这种发散,利水作用有利于解毒和排泄毒物。
药物疗效:麻黄为止喘药,杏仁为止咳药,桂枝为温中药,白术为健脾利湿药,有利尿和降血糖作用.2、麻黄杏石甘汤《伤寒论》组成:麻黄15 杏仁15 甘草10 石膏20煎剂一日一剂,一日三服早晚温服麻黄先煎。
适应症:多汗,胸闷,口渴,咳喘,呼吸困难。
如气管炎,支气管喘息,心源性喘息,肺炎和此类病症相类同的疾病.方解:麻黄解表利湿,可治咳喘;杏仁和麻黄协同平喘利湿;石膏解热清肺,甘草调和诸药;麻黄和石膏协同,防止邪气上冲有止汗作用。
麻黄止喘,升压,杏仁为止咳平喘,石膏清热利湿.3、麻杏薏甘汤组成:麻黄15杏仁15 薏苡仁10炙甘草8适应症:用天发汗后而受风体冷,头痛病症.如肌肉风湿,风湿性关节炎,神经痛,妊娠肾病,肌体麻木,喘息,冻疮等。
方解:麻黄解表,杏仁协同麻黄,平喘利水,薏苡米仁利湿,和甘草协同有止痛作用。
主治范围包括,风、湿、寒、发热,身痛,以及因血燥而致之病症。
治例摘录:例一:病人为60多男性,主诉颈背痛而强硬,。
经予葛根汤无效,脉浮有力,颈部僵直起床卧床皆需人协助,给予麻杏薏甘汤二剂后,病减半.四剂病全消例二:病人为老身妇女,热天夜间露宿庭外,黎明起发现左肩剧烈疼痛。
午后加重,给予麻杏薏甘仁汤二剂后病症消失。
附记:本方为常用宣肺平喘利湿方,由麻黄汤去桂枝,加薏仁而成。
4、柴葛解肌汤《伤寒论》六书。
组成:柴胡15 葛根10黄苓10桂枝10 半夏10 芍药10麻黄10石膏(碎)20 干姜8 甘草8 煎剂,一日一剂,一日三服,温服。
“药品说明书”的英文表达方式有Instructons,Directions,Package Insert,或简称Insert,也有用Leeflet或Data Sheets①药品名称(Drug NameS),②性状(Description),③药理作用(Pharmacological Actions),④适应症(Indications),⑤禁忌证(Contraindications),⑥用量与用法(DOsage and Administration).⑦不良反应(Adverse Reactions)。
⑧注意事项(Precautions),⑨包装(Package),⑩贮存(Storage),⑾其他项目(Others)。
规格(specification)?镇静剂:sedatives, tranquilizers, sleeping pills, downers, depressants, anxiolytics, soporifics(催眠药), or sedative-hypnotics镇痛剂Analgesic (an-alge-sic)剂型:Pill, powder, ointment, small pill, medicinal liquor , decocting pieces丸,粉,油膏,小丸?药酒,煎剂Big honeyed pill, water-honeyed pill , medicinal wine, tablet, troche(药片、片剂),soft capsule, granule(粒料),syrup(糖浆),watered pill(水丸),plaster(膏药、石膏),aerosol(气雾剂),smeared pill, pasted pill(糊剂),liniment(擦剂),tincture(酊剂),power, concentrated pill (浓缩丸),dripping pill, concentrated decoction (浓缩煎剂)removing ineffective elements like starch and fiber while retaining effective elements like organic acid, alkaloid, essential oil and higher alcohols 有机酸,生物碱,香精油,高级醇中医英语翻译的一些特点1. 采用音译法,阳明(Yangming),功夫(KongFu),太极(Taiji);或使用音义混合译法,如温阳(Warming Yang),阴阳五行(Yin Yang and five elements),孤阴(Single Yin),气分证(Syndrome of Qi system),太阳腑病( Syndrome of Taiyang Fu-organ ),肺阴(the Lung-yin),2. 采用借代法,新造词汇。
【原文】《金匮要略》云:病者,寒热虚实,表里阴阳,各异其态。
故疗病之道,必审证候,辨病机,然后施方药,以调阴阳,和气血,俾病者得以愈。
【译文】《金匮要略》中说道:患病之人,其寒热虚实、表里阴阳各有不同。
因此,治疗疾病的方法,必须仔细审察病情,辨别病机,然后才能施以方药,以调整阴阳,调和气血,使得患者得以康复。
【原文】夫头痛,风邪所致也。
邪气客于太阳,循经上头,故头痛。
宜用川芎、白芷、细辛等药,以散风邪,通窍止痛。
【译文】头痛之病,乃风邪所引起。
邪气侵袭太阳经,沿经上冲头顶,故而头痛。
宜使用川芎、白芷、细辛等药物,以疏散风邪,通畅经络,缓解疼痛。
【原文】胸痹之病,心脉不通,气滞血瘀,故胸中闷痛。
宜用瓜蒌、薤白、半夏等药,以通心脉,行气活血,解痛宽胸。
【译文】胸痹之疾,由于心脉不通,气滞血瘀,故而胸中闷痛。
宜使用瓜蒌、薤白、半夏等药物,以疏通心脉,行气活血,缓解疼痛,宽畅胸臆。
【原文】喘息不得卧,痰饮内停,肺气不宣,宜用麻黄、杏仁、甘草等药,以宣肺气,化痰饮,平喘止咳。
【译文】喘息不得安卧,痰饮内积,肺气不得宣通,宜使用麻黄、杏仁、甘草等药物,以宣发肺气,消除痰饮,平定喘息,止住咳嗽。
【原文】虚劳之病,因劳伤过度,气血耗损,宜用当归、黄芪、人参等药,以补益气血,强壮身体,恢复体力。
【译文】虚劳之疾,由于劳累过度,气血损伤,宜使用当归、黄芪、人参等药物,以补益气血,增强体质,恢复体力。
【原文】妇人妊娠,胎动不安,宜用当归、川芎、白芍等药,以养血安胎,固摄胎元。
【译文】妇人妊娠期间,胎动不安,宜使用当归、川芎、白芍等药物,以养血安胎,稳固胎元。
【原文】小儿惊痫,风痰蒙蔽,宜用牛蒡子、防风、钩藤等药,以祛风痰,镇惊安神。
【译文】小儿惊痫之病,由于风痰蒙蔽,宜使用牛蒡子、防风、钩藤等药物,以祛除风痰,镇定惊慌,安抚神志。
【原文】此皆《金匮要略》之精方药也,学者宜熟读深思,以济世救人。
【译文】以上皆是《金匮要略》中的精华方药,学者应当熟读深思,以便救济世人,救死扶伤。