Price War

Subject： Teacher：Student：ID Grade17 2 BSBMKG502A 张福玲王娜（Wangna）AndaOne，Evaluation of Harbin "Central Avenue" drugstore price warYou can see some of the industry's "broken window paper" a bold enterprises every year, such as the production of color TV Changhong microwave oven Galanz, production, sell home appliances Gome and so on, these enterprises have a common feature, is that he dares to industry challenges, have the confidence to conclude more reasonable industry rules. Although some of these enterprises will be killed in the fighting, some because of battle and make yourself and industry "cause destruction to both sides", but from the social sustainable development point of view, we should applaud them, because they represent social progress strength, is in line with the market economic environment requirements. Challenges enterprises dare to pierce the windows of paper by the boycott and return is normal, the challenge of enterprises, in the early to consider all aspects of the problem, not the future hopes on speculation effect possible financing opportunities, failed business cases have shown that "the water first to mix the myriad challenges then, the financing for development" idea is wrong. In 1997 Beijing had a supermarket chain called "red apple", pioneered "five benefits", and claims to have 100 stores in a short period of time less than half a year, finally went bankrupt, similar cases are reminding challenge enterprises should have long-term strategy, not a momentary courage. This case is a dynamic case, we cannot say to the challenger in a short period of time, and China market high prices is a comprehensive problem, we can not be optimistic about the premature. However, all the consumers want to see industry challenger has a happy ending, because they appear, the biggest beneficiaries or consumers. Consumers want those who dare to pierce the windows of paper "living Lei Feng" more is better.The drug war although Ha City brought benefits to customers, but out of the many small pharmacies, all participants are "do not have a taste in the heart", by more than a year of price war and make them realize, the drugstore can not only earn not to compensate the sale, after the market will be the strength, and thoughtful service, flexible system for enterprises. "Baofeng" price shock, to the industry and note the fresh air,make people more clearly the nature of the market economy, from the other side of the industry to make an example for the challenger.Although a years, Baofeng did not get what the high profits, but in the street with two shop (later Medicines Co also opened a drug store called Kangtai) divide the world into three parts, and for the future development of enterprises laid a good foundation. People all say the price war is the most primary of war, but in marketing, price war is victory of war.Two, analysis of the causes of false high price of drugsVirtual high drug price is caused by a combination of factors, only from the retail terminal of the medicine price is not fair.The price war is the inevitable stage of market competition, this step will go, just because of their participation, let this stage two or three years earlier in a market in Harbin.With the Thai chain store is the earlier in the chain drug retail business, Heilongjiang province is the first through the GSP certification of enterprises, so that one of the most should play up price war enterprises have weakened. Seen from their reported to a material China business association, from 1 to September, turnover of about 83000000 yuan, rise compared to the same period last year, wool interest rate is about 19%, is actually only 15%, this 15% or with the price before the allocation of data accumulated down, profit is 2300000 yuan bar "". Business losses make development plans of the company become the bubble, chain store has not increased, but somewhat atrophic, stores because of no profit, management is difficult to place and have closed. Chain responsible person, it is now the most difficult period in the development of an enterprise.Although people's chain stores in the price war, strain every nerve, bring forth the new through the old in the service measures, such as free delivery etc.. But the original strength is weaker than the opponent's people in this field delay for a long time in the price war has shown up, at least in the store size, external image is inferior to the two strong competitors.Has always insisted that he is a benign operation, be profitable in Baofeng also had to admit that, 10% of the gross profit of pharmaceutical trading enterprises is too low, after all the drug is a special commodity, rather than food, clothing and other daily necessities, and sell drugs cost much higher. Vice General Manager Wang Guanhua think, a pharmaceutical trading enterprise normal gross margin at least should be maintained at more than 15%.This is a be well-matched in strength of the game, who has the last laugh, who is the winner. The warring parties are looking forward to thisending: after two years of market after the reshuffle, the survival of the fittest, survivors can be in a calm mood to sit down, set a price alliance. Let prices return to a reasonable level -- a business, people, government acceptable level.In the "Baofeng" appeared in the past, Harbin drug retail market basically is the Medicines Co and drug companies of the world, the two company's retail stores -- "T ongtai" and "people", which has more than 40 retail outlets. The cousins had "mianhexinbuhe" competition, but a western medicine, a medicine known each other, communication in price, reach a tacit understanding. Baofeng, such as Stonehenge Kei, raised a great disturbance, the two brothers rush to fight. Located in the central streets of the people and with the Thai chain store opened in Baofeng in second days, were also made substantial advertising the sale of the drug, announced price cuts across the board, to help people. As competition intensifies, in 2001 May, the Medicines Co in Baofeng opened across an area of two thousand or three thousand square meters in Kangtai drug store. Even the Medicines Co internal people declare in no uncertain terms, this both from the large supermarket scale, price, store layout, operation mode of Baofeng is similar to Baofeng.Play with the Thai Central Pharmacy advertising is "the commodity price sales"; Baofeng advertising is "to save every penny" for the people; people's pharmacy advertising is "the drug purchase price sales". Every drugstore price tags are marked with the retail price and preferential price, price attractive price reason, without exception is on.In addition, let a person feel strange is, people who visit drugstores as streams of people busily coming and going like department stores in Kangtai and Baofeng, drug store, the first floor of each drug showcase is People are hurrying to and fro., floor two payment to queue, said at the weekend and daily peak hours, more times than usual. It seems, drugstores competition upgrade, people left. Price war has at least one winner, that consumer.People say that price competition is the low-level competition in the war, based on the price competition, quality competition and service is the inevitable result of competition. Major pharmacies on Center Street in attracting customers and at a low price, also resorted to use all one's skill in quality and service in the war.Baofeng pharmaceutical deputy general manager Wang Guanhua thinks, it is price competition, also is not blindly than whose price is low, but should carefully study the needs of customers. Different age, income, culture level of customer to the acceptable level of drug price is also different, the expensive drugs and low-priced drugs will have their own consumer groups, can win the respective customer groups, is that businesses comprehensive strength competition.Take the initiative to provoke the Baofeng price war, price war is theinevitable stage of market competition, this step will go.As the market competition is not sufficient, there are many huge opportunities, resulting in a price war broke out, the government wants to reduce long-term but not fall down drug prices down. But the price war for a long time, prices rebounded weak don't even see a rebound, so the price war, the harm is great. The Business School of China Medicine University Liang Yi think, simply waved their price war is a double-edged sword, you kill you dead, I hurt, so that the relative order of purchasing power becomes confused, breaking the equilibrium in the market, causing unnecessary consumption in advance, the transfer of risk to the business and the production and operation of enterprises, the long-term and fundamental interests of consumers the damage.。

如何应对价格内战英语作文英文回答：How to Respond to a Price War。

Price wars can be a major challenge for businesses, as they can quickly erode profits and damage brand reputation. However, there are a number of strategies that businesses can use to respond to and survive a price war.1. Understand the Competition。

The first step in responding to a price war is to understand the competition. This includes identifying the competitor or competitors who initiated the price war, as well as their motives for doing so. Once you have a clear understanding of the competition, you can develop a strategy to counter their tactics.2. Assess Your Own Costs。

Once you understand the competition, you need to assess your own costs. This will help you determine whether or not you can afford to match the competitor's prices. If youcan't afford to match their prices, you may need to find other ways to compete, such as offering better customer service or differentiating your product or service.3. Consider Your Brand Reputation。

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THE CONTINUING IMPACT OF THE RUSSIA-UKRAINE WAR ON THE INTERNATIONALCRUDE OIL MARKETSCHOOL OF ECONOMICS AND MANAGEMENTZHEJIANG UNIVERSITY OFSCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGYJUNE 2022ABSTRACTGeopolitics is an important factor affecting the price of international crude oil. Wars between countries can directly affect the international crude oil market. This article briefly analyzes the reasons why the Russia-Ukraine war could affect oil prices quickly and forcefully, and the impact of the war on the oil market and the world economy in the short and long term. We can see that under the influence of the war, oil prices will rise in the short term and the international oil market pattern will change in the long term.Keywords: g eopolitics; war; oil price; oil marketContents1．Introduction (1)2. Why war can easily influence the international oil price (2)3. High oil price impact in international oil market in short term (3)4. High oil price impact in international oil market in long term (3)5．Conclusion (5)References (6)1．IntroductionPetroleum plays an unusual strategic role in modern society. It is the blood of industrial production and also an important strategic material. Oil price fluctuations in deeply affected the economic and social development, it has been highly attention by governments and academia.Over the past decades, the role of non economic exogenous factors such as political disturbances as triggers of volatility in the international oil market has become more prominent (Matar et al. 2013). Geopolitical factors can significantly affect the oil market behavior through several channels. Geopolitical threats attract the attention of the global media and may affect global energy markets investors the required risk premium (Smales 2019).Days after Russia and Ukraine went to war in February 2022, the price of crude oil soared and peaked at a ceiling of $139 a barrel. While there are many other factors to blame, such as epidemic, the most immediate cause of the oil price spike in this time is the war itself. Russia and Ukraine War lead to higher oil price in the world because it decreased the export of Russian crude oil, the international crude oil market was in short supply, the war also destabilized the world and increased the cost of producing each barrel of crude oil. As a result, energy supply prices including gasoline and natural gas have risen in many countries around the world.2.Why war can easily influence the international oil priceSince the history, international crude oil price are very sensitive to geopolitical factors. Geopolitics and the threat of war are the main factors affecting the short-term fluctuations of international oil prices. The Fourth Middle East War in 1973, the Islamic Revolutionary War in 1978, the Iran-Iraq War in 1980, and Kosovo war in 1990, all the war caused international oil prices to soar and triggered oil crisis at that time. Why are international oil prices so sensitive to geopolitics and war? One of the reasons is the extreme imbalance between geopolitics in international crude oil supply and demand in the short term. As we all know, a war needs to consume a large amount of oil, and a country will reserve a large amount of oil resources before launching a war against another country. Russia is the world's second-largest oil producer, its massive foreign exchange reserves and oil consumption can easily change the world oil market supply and demand, and it boost oil price. Another reason is that the war will lead to panic and increase oil supply security concerns in the international oil market. In particular, when panic spreads, geopolitics can have a powerful impact on supply and demand conditions and people's judgment in normal circumstances. Conflict, instability and war disrupted the normal oil production conditions, damage to production facilities, personnel evacuation, cause serious production losses in oil-producing areas. Conflict, instability and war can also affect the safety of oil tankers and pipelines, making maintenance and transportation costs of these facilities rise sharply. Often appears the demand increasing reserves, vendor inventory, cut production, rised, the phenomenon such as speculators to stock up, buyers in the crude oil spot market "purchasing behavior can make the international oil prices rising, about future supply source nervous psychological expectations and buyers' stock up one after another" will cause the oil futures market prices higher. Daniel Yergin, chairman of Cambridge Energy Research Associates (CERA), once said, Crude oil, 10% is about economic, 90% is about political, indicates that geopolitics is a vital factor affecting international crude oil prices.3．High oil price impact in international oil market in shorttermAfter explaining that oil price changes are closely related to the war between Russia and Ukraine. We can analyze the influence of the Russia and Ukraine War on the international crude oil market from two aspects: short term and long term.In the short term, Russia and Ukraine war result in higher international oil price because the war changed the demand and supply of crude oil in the world oil market, and this situation is still going on. When this situation will end depends on when the Russia-Ukraine situation will ease. The supply crunch has forced the world’s other major oil exporters, including the United States, to pump and export more crude oil. For oil exporters, this is undoubtedly conducive to export oil prices higher, but at the same time, oil exporting countries are also accompanied by higher production costs, transportation costs and other problems. Because these processes need energy to support them, and other industries such as transportation also want a share of the oil market's dividends. While oil exporters are making money, oil importers are facing rising oil prices and production costs. People in oil-importing countries have to pay more for gasoline, diesel and other oil products. Just because people have to pay more for oil, people will use their cars less and travel less, which will affect tourism, restaurants and services.4．High oil price impact in international oil market in longtermIn the long term, Russia and Ukraine War not only slowed down the economic development of the two countries directly involved in the war, but also slowed down the economic development of the whole world. First, much of Russia's domestic oilproduction is directly used for war rather than industrial production, which reduces the oil input-output ratio to a large extent. Second, the War triggered the sanctions imposed by the United States, The United Kingdom and other countries on Russia, interrupting the trade between Russia and other countries in the world, especially Europe. As the world's second largest oil exporter and an important exporter of agricultural products and minerals, the sanctions on Russia will undoubtedly affect the world crude oil market and the world economic pattern.Energy is the lifeblood of Russia's economy, and although Europe and The United States have repeatedly stressed that sanctions should avoid the energy sector, it is unlikely that sanctions against Russia will not affect the energy sector, which is the foundation of the country. In the future, as European and American sanctions against Russia gradually deepen, Russia's economy will suffer and many international oil companies will withdraw their investment and leave, which means that even if the dispute is eased, Russia's oil and gas output may be affected and unable to recover. Oil buyers avoid Russian crude oil at present, and Russia's output will decline, as storage capacity dries up. Once yields fall, it takes time to return to higher yields. Russia's oil and gas production and export volume have fallen sharply or even been interrupted due to the conflict between Russia and Ukraine, and at present, traditional producers and exporters such as Iran, Venezuela and Libya are unable to increase export volume due to the sanctions or civil unrest of the United States. Then the global crude oil supply is bound to be seriously affected, and the map of energy production will also be reconstructed. The United States and Saudi Arabia, the other two members of the global oil and gas supply side giants, will have a significant position in the global energy market.5．ConclusionOverall, the Russia and Ukraine War has not only increased the current instability in the oil market and caused a change in the psychological expectations of consumers and producers in the market, but also hindered the development of the world economy as it gradually recovered from the COVID-19 pandemic. Russia and Ukraine War influenced international crude oil price through changing the oil market supply, increasing the cost of producing and transporting oil, causing panic and raise concerns in the international oil market and many other ways. There is no doubt that the war between Russia and Ukraine has had an incalculable impact on international energy markets and the lives of people in many countries, not just now, but for a long time to come. If the war between Russia and Ukraine continues, it will not only lead to high international crude oil prices, but also slow down the world economic recovery in the post-epidemic era.ReferencesLee, CC., Olasehinde-Williams, G., & Akadiri, S.S. (2021).Are geopolitical threats powerful enough to predict global oil price volatility?.Environ Sci Pollut Res28,28720–28731Lechthaler, F., Leinert, L. (2019). Moody oil: What is driving the crude oil price?.Empir Econ57,1547–1578Antonakakis, N., Gupta,R.,Kollias,C.,&Papadamou,S.(2017)Geopolitical risks and the oil-stock nexus over1899-2016. Financ Res Lett23,165-173Hamilton, J.D.(1983). Oil and the macroeconomy since World War Ⅱ. J Polit Econ 91(2),228-248Yun, S., Shin, D.W. (2015). Forecasting the realized variance of the log-return of Korean won US dollar exchange rate addressing jumps both in stock-trading time and in overnight.J. Korean Stat. Soc.44,390–402Kilian,L. (2009) Not all oil price shocks are alike: disentangling demand and supply shocks in the crude oil market. Am Econ Rev. 99(3), 1053-1069Morana,C. (2014) Insights on the global macro-finance interface: Structural sources of risk factor fluctuations and the cross-section of expected stock returns.J Empir Finance 29, 64-79Che,S.B. (2015). Mechanism analysis of geopolitical Influence on international crude oil price. Prices Monthly. 11, 23-25.Ji,T. (2011). The international oil price fluctuation behavior mechanism and prediction model. (Ph.D. Dissertation, Northeast Petroleum University).Jin, Y. J. (2010). The impact of major Emergencies on oil price volatility (Master's thesis, North China University of Technology).。

price war英文定义Price war, as the term suggests, refers to intense competition among businesses where they reduce their prices to gain market share and attract customers. This form of competition often results in slim profit margins and can even lead to some firms exiting the market due to the financial burden.The essence of a price war lies in the fact that competitors are willing to sacrifice their profits in order to outcompete their rivals. This strategy is typically employed when the market is saturated, and there is fierce competition for a limited number of customers. In such a scenario, firms believe that by cutting prices, they can secure a larger chunk of the market and, subsequently, increase their overall profits.However, a price war can have negative consequences for the industry and consumers alike. Firstly, it can lead to a race to the bottom, where prices are driven down to suchlow levels that it becomes difficult for firms to make a profit. This can result in a decrease in product quality,as companies may cut corners to maintain profitability. Secondly, consumers may not always benefit from a price war, as the reduced prices may be offset by a decrease inproduct quality or service levels.Moreover, a price war can be a double-edged sword for businesses. While it can help to secure market share in the short term, it can also damage a firm's reputation andbrand value if it is seen as sacrificing quality for the sake of sales. Additionally, a constant state of price war can lead to a lack of innovation and investment in new products or services, as companies may be too focused on maintaining their market position through price cuts.To avoid the pitfalls of a price war, businesses needto adopt a more strategic approach to pricing. This may involve offering value-added services or products that differentiate them from their competitors, rather than simply cutting prices. By focusing on creating a unique selling proposition, businesses can attract customers basedon the benefits they offer, rather than just the lowest price.In conclusion, a price war can be an effective tactic to gain market share in a competitive environment, but it should be approached with caution. Firms need to carefully consider the long-term consequences of their pricing strategies and ensure that they are not sacrificing their profits, quality, or brand value in the process. By adopting a more strategic approach to pricing, businesses can ensure that they are able to compete effectively while maintaining their profitability and reputation.。

如何应对价格战（How to deal with price war）Price war is a very important marketing means of modern enterprise. It is an important part of enterprise's marketing strategy to make rational use of price lever and implement effective market competition in market operation. On the other hand, the frequent "price war" is contrary to the market and the economic law of non normal means of competition, excessive competition behaviors, often resulting in serious losses for the enterprise in the competition, even the enterprise from the aborted. The reason is that the root cause of the "price war" lies in the current oversupply of products. The same kind of products are surplus, and the products of each production enterprise are identical in appearance and shape. Quality and performance is not big difference, homogenization serious, after-sales service is not in place and other enterprise factors. In our country, the "cheap and fine" is still the main starting point for our residents to choose consumption. So often the price war can be used by the enterprise, and time tested. Household appliances price war intensified, some enterprises have fallen into the "price war" of the cycle, the price dropped lower and lower, but the market is shrinking, corporate profits will decline.The meaning of price warThere is no denying that the existence of price war has its positive meaning. The experts summed up the seven positive roles of the price war:1. price war is the inevitable product of market economy, and it is also an important part of marketing.2., price war canquickly promote market expansion, improve social purchasing power and expand domestic demand. 3., price war can eliminate a group of inferior product producers and those who seek short-term interests, and stop repeated investment, so that social resources can be rationally integrated and utilized. 4., price wars can benefit consumers directly. Enjoy the quality of modern life with less cost. 5., price war can enhance the competitiveness of national brands fighting overseas markets.6., price war to speed up product innovation and marketing practices.7. price war urges Chinese enterprises to optimize their management level and human resource quality.Nevertheless, more small and medium-sized enterprises in the actual operation of the market is forced to participate in a price war, because of the strength of enterprises, price policy, market regulation degree and large enterprises can not be compared, the result is often suffered heavy losses, the market fall, business interests.Causes of price warsIn practice, the price competition of the enterprise and to initiate or participate in the price war, mostly because of the production enterprises in order to expand market share, occupy the market, improve the enterprise competitive price; some enterprises are sometimes in order to revitalize the capital for the development of new products and processing inventory backlog of products, some of it is in order to improve the industry the barriers to entry. In addition, some enterprises have launched a price war for similar products. In order to consolidate their existing market, they have to passivelyfollow blindly and get involved in price wars. For example, in order to improve the barriers to entry of foreign enterprises after China's entry into the WTO, China's enterprises have taken the initiative to initiate price reduction initiatives. In that year, the color TV industry "Changhong" initiative to provoke a price war, other color TV production enterprises have also been followed up.How to set a good price warWhether it is initiated or passive participation, whether large or small and medium enterprises, the price war is inevitable in daily marketing practice, so in the face of fierce price war, the author thinks that should be how to deal with?:First, adopt differentiation strategy for products. According to the product quality strategy, market research shows that different customer groups have different price sensitivity and quality sensitivity. For homogeneous products, because of a very clear comparability, in the price war, high priced products are often at a disadvantage. The adoption of differentiation strategy to deal with the product can obviously reduce the price sensitivity and reduce the adverse effects caused by the price war. This is also one of the most effective methods to deal with price war in most enterprises. Product differentiation processing can focus on the following aspects:1, product appearance, packaging, material, color, process changes. This is the simplest way to highlight the difference between the product and the product by differentiation with the original product. In the actual operation process, the impacton customer price sensitivity in this way is generally small, which is not too great in the price war.2, technological upgrading, technological innovation or major breakthroughs. This is the upgrading of products, products from the inside out are different from the original, from the technical level of the product has been improved. Such as gas water heater from the original straight row upgrade to the current strong platoon, the general air conditioning upgrade to the current intelligent frequency conversion, etc., the product has been upgraded, the price is naturally different. In this way, we can effectively avoid the influence of price war on enterprise products.3, increase product function and added value. Perhaps these functions do not function too much,But it can be clearly distinguished from competitors, thereby reducing the disadvantages caused by price wars. Such as electric water heater products, wireless remote control function, common air conditioning, air purification function, etc.. In this way, even if similar products launched a price war, because of their products added new features, consumers for enterprise products price sensitivity will be significantly reduced. The original location of the Zhongshan company launched at the end of 2001 when the kitchen appliances electric water heater, in order to avoid getting involved in unprofitable price war, will focus on the development of innovation and as an important part of their core strategy, in other major brands and small and medium-sized electric water heater manufacturers have launched cheap products when theopposite, the magnetization of water function increases in ordinary electric water heater products, positioning in the high-end products. Although the price is higher than other electric water heater products, but because of the magnetized water has many benefits such as cosmetics, and some products increase wireless remote control or color display and other functions, in the sale of the terminal marketing strategy to make inroads into the supermarkets around. In a short span of one year, it has made considerable impact and sales volume in all hypermarkets in China, surpassing other brands of similar small and medium electric water heaters. For SMEs, if in a price war frequent industry, then the wise move is to avoid its edge, looking for their own development space. An edge product can be developed. Develop an edge market segment or use an edge sales channel. In the recent PC wars in China, several small computer companies were protected from the price war of PC machines because they found an edge market - - dedicated to developing professional, high-performance applications.Two, adopt flexible means to deal with price war. In actual marketing practices, sometimes price wars are inevitable. This time requires the enterprise calm and flexible manner to deal with. For example, to reduce the price of some goods or services, adopt tiered pricing strategy, increase after-sales service content, provide premium gifts, offer discounts and so on. Northwest Airlines, for example, took a partial price cut in the face of the challenges of the sun country airline. At the time, sun Country Airlines was prepared to take 16 flights from Northwest Airlines to take flight services from 14 Northwest Airlines by ultra cheap round-trip tickets. Northwest Airlines immediately made partial adjustments to its fares. In addition,the Northwest Airlines set a single force thin opponent, in addition to lower ticket prices, it is impossible to play other new tricks, so it also strengthened cooperation with the travel service. Sure enough, it did not take long for Northwest Airlines to repel its opponents. In addition, in the domestic air-conditioning industry sales, some companies often use the gift of electricity, is also an effective way to deal with price war.Three, the introduction of sub brand and "fighter" type for effective blocking. Different consumer groups have different consumer demand for products, and customers in different industries have different price sensitivity. In order to expand the brand market share. Blocking competitors and not because of the price war damage the brand image of products, the timely introduction of sub brand and "fighter" is a very good method. Such as Procter & Gamble Company in the domestic detergent market "Ariel" brand, Huahong electric water heater launched fightertype PTT, have played a very good role in its marketing, not only effectively blocking competitors, consolidate the market, and to further expand the product sales and brand awareness.Four, stick to the brand positioning, grasp the profit center. When the price war cost is too high, the enterprise strength and the condition does not have the time, enterprises can retreat by way of consideration, stick to the brand positioning, grasp the fundamental profit. This point, foreign companies do very well. In the early 90s, the Korean household electrical appliance enterprises entered the period of high growth. There was excessive price competition among enterprises, which wascalled "bleeding competition"". To compete for the market, Korean companies desperately reduce profits, or even sell at below cost prices. Later, shrewd enterprises saw, "price war" can only be prosperous, one can not be brilliant, I have another way. Samsung Corp first turned to create famous brand, development of planar and rectangular big screen TV, expand customer service service and to explore the international market, a multi pronged strategy to get rid of the "price war" problems, maintain brand positioning, to achieve a new leap forward development of enterprises. Home appliance manufacturers should expand the market by understanding the real needs of consumers, and expand China's market with "technological warfare" rather than "price war". American 3M is also one of the best foreign companies to adopt this effective price war strategy. In order to avoid the possible loss to the enterprise by the price war, it will take profit as the starting point, and sometimes hesitate to give up the market share.In the video market as an example, although the video is 3M's early development, but later because the manufacturers on the market more and more, the competition has reached such a pitch that all enterprises have emerged in the product backlog, increasingly meager profits. 3M management of the company decided to withdraw from the video market make a prompt decision, and enterprise human resources and capital invested in all other product innovation. As a result, its losses on the video sales market quickly compensate for other innovations. According to statistics, 40% of 3M's revenue comes from newly developed products.Five, in order to clear inventory enterprise initiative launched price war, in actual operation, should ensure that the existing sales of products will prevail. Adopt differentiated channel strategies, different packaging formats, or promotional material. And to make elaborate plans, quick action, timely grasp of market feedback, public price reasons, so as not to allow consumers to produce a negative impact on the brand.For the price war, both sponsors, participants, or circumvention should adopt different strategies according to specific circumstances, rather than blindly lowering prices or not lowering prices. In the enterprise to encounter or will encounter the price war, we must fully understand the ability, motivation and strategy of competitors, this will enable enterprises to effectively respond to the opponent's price; secondly study on consumer behavior can make the enterprise avoid price war broke out; finally, enterprises to deal with short-term losses and long-term benefit trade-offs necessary when should defend and suffer losses, in order to keep their market territory in order to achieve long-term development.As the domestic enterprises want to go out of the "price war" problems, should learn from the practice of foreign enterprises in response to a price war experience, update the concept of the market, the innovation of enterprise management strategy, fundamentally get rid of excessive competition problems. In the product structure adjustment and brand innovation, new product development efforts, as soon as possible to technological competition to replace the height of price competition. We must unremittingly implement brand creation and create famous brandnames. Improve the quality of enterprise products, create good products, brand strategy to achieve market breakthrough. In the market sales, take the initiative to adjust the main sales direction of the product market, and actively explore new sales areas and sales channels. For example, the accelerated products from the primary market to the two or three tier market, seize the domestic market, while considering expanding foreign markets, to avoid the current domestic vicious competition in the same industry. At the same time, the "after-sales service management" should be promoted to a new level, and the "service marketing" as the core driving force of enterprise competition. In this way, enterprises can effectively avoid the "price war" brought about by the adverse problems, and constantly get new development space in the market.Appeared in the "modern home appliances"。

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下面是小编给大家带来的英语语法介词用法，欢迎大家阅读参考，我们一起来看看吧!英语语法:介词介词介词不能单独使用,必须和名词、代词或动名词构成介词短语，在句中做表语，定语、状语、补语等成分。

根据介词的用法，通常可以分为：时间、地点、趋向和其他四类介词。

一、表示时间的介词：(1) at 示时刻、时间的某一点 at six, at noon, at half past one, at that time / momenton 体的某一天on Sunday, on Friday afternoon, on a cold morning,on the morning of … on March 12th, 2005in 示周、月、季节、年以及泛指的上、下午，晚上in spring, in 2004, in the morning,在his, last，that, next, every 等词前面不用介词this afternoon, last Sunday, every morning区别：next week -------- the next week(2) by “在……前” 多和完成时态连用till “直到……才” I’ll wait here till you come back.until “不到……就不” 常和until连用I’ll not leave until you come back.(3) in 过……以后, 大多用于将来时 after 多用于过去时(4) since + 过去的一个时间点 (表示时间段, 从……开始到现在)for + 一段时间二、表示场所、方向的介词：(1)at 表示比较具体的地点 at 37 Renming Roadin 表示比较宽敞的地点 in Renming Street(2)above斜上方-------below斜下方over正上方-------under 正下方on 两物体有接触(3) between…and..在……和……之间 among在……中间(三者以上)(4) across (从物体表面)跨越, 越过 through (从物体中间)穿透, 穿越(5)in 在……里面(表示静止的位置) into 进入,表示运动方向,常用在表示动作的动词之后, 如 go, come, walk, jump, run 等 into的反义词是out of(6)to 到 (目底地)或方向 towards 指朝着某方向,而不是目的地.He walked towards the beach.三、其它介词1.with (1)在一起; (2)有; (3)用某种工具in 用什么材料或语言，或表示衣着，声调特点等by 用......手段2.Like 象......一样as 作为;按照，象......一样(连词)+ 句子3.for(1)为了(表示目的或原因) (2)(后面加一段时间)表示时间段英语中考：介词短语[介词短语聚焦]“介词+名词/代词”所构成的短语称为介词短语。

如何应对价格内战英语作文1. It's a tough situation when faced with a price war. Prices are being slashed left and right, and it's a battle to stay competitive. But hey, it's all about survival of the fittest in the business world, right?2. So, how do we respond to this price war? Well, one option is to lower our prices too. After all, if everyone else is doing it, why not join the party? It might attract more customers and keep us in the game. Plus, who doesn't love a good bargain?3. On the other hand, we could take a different approach and focus on the value we provide. Instead of engaging in a price war, we can highlight the unique features and benefits of our product or service. Let's show customers why they should choose us, even if we're not the cheapest option.4. Another strategy could be to differentiate ourselvesfrom the competition. We can emphasize our brand'sstrengths and what sets us apart. Maybe we have exceptional customer service, or our product is eco-friendly. Whateverit is, let's make sure customers know why we're worthpaying a little extra for.5. It's also important to remember that price isn't everything. Quality matters too. Sure, some customers might be lured by lower prices, but many others are willing topay more for a better product or experience. Let's focus on attracting those customers who value quality over a bargain.6. In the midst of a price war, it's crucial to stay calm and not make impulsive decisions. We need to analyzethe situation, consider the long-term consequences, and make strategic choices. Knee-jerk reactions might provide short-term relief, but they can harm our business in the long run.7. Lastly, let's not forget about the power of customer loyalty. If we have a strong base of loyal customers wholove our brand, they might be willing to stick with us evenif our prices are slightly higher. Building and nurturing these relationships should be a priority, especially during a price war.In conclusion, there's no one-size-fits-all solution to dealing with a price war. It's a complex situation that requires careful consideration and strategic thinking. Whether we choose to lower prices, emphasize value, differentiate ourselves, focus on quality, or rely on customer loyalty, let's remember that our ultimate goal is to come out stronger and more resilient in the end.。