SUP introduction for SAP

saperpSAPERP: An Integrated Solution for Effective Enterprise Resource PlanningIntroductionIn today's fast-paced business environment, organizations are increasingly relying on Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems to streamline their operations and drive growth. SAPERP is one such integrated software solution that offers a comprehensive suite of tools to aid businesses in managing their resources effectively. This document aims to provide an overview of SAPERP, highlighting its features, benefits, and implementation strategies.1. What is SAPERP?SAPERP, short for SAP Enterprise Resource Planning, is a software solution developed by SAP SE, a renowned market leader in enterprise software applications. It provides organizations with a robust platform to integrate various business functions and streamline overall operations. SAPERP offers modules covering areas such as finance, sales,manufacturing, procurement, human resources, and more, allowing businesses to improve efficiency and maximize profitability.2. Features of SAPERP2.1. Integration and CentralizationOne of the key features of SAPERP is its ability to integrate disparate departments and functions into a centralized system. This enables real-time data sharing and collaboration across the organization, eliminating information silos and improving decision-making processes. By centralizing data, SAPERP facilitates accurate and consistent reporting, leading to improved operational efficiency and better resource utilization.2.2. Financial ManagementSAPERP provides robust financial management capabilities, including general ledger, accounts payable and receivable, cash management, and financial reporting. It allows organizations to automate financial processes, reducing errors and improving financial visibility. SAPERP's financialmodules enable efficient cost tracking, budgeting, and forecasting, helping businesses make informed financial decisions.2.3. Supply Chain ManagementEfficient supply chain management is crucial for organizations looking to gain a competitive advantage. SAPERP offers comprehensive modules for managing the entire supply chain, including procurement, inventory management, warehouse management, and transportation. It empowers businesses to optimize inventory levels, reduce lead time, and increase customer satisfaction through timely deliveries.2.4. Sales and Customer Relationship ManagementSAPERP's sales and customer relationship management modules enable organizations to effectively manage their sales processes and customer interactions. It provides tools for lead management, opportunity tracking, sales forecasting, and order management. Moreover, SAPERP integrates with customer relationship management (CRM) systems to provide a holistic view of customer data, enhancing customer satisfaction and retention.2.5. Human Resources ManagementThe human resources module of SAPERP covers a wide range of functionalities, including employee data management, payroll processing, time and attendance tracking, and talent management. With SAPERP, organizations can automate HR processes, reduce administrative burdens, and ensure compliance with labor laws and regulations. The system also facilitates strategic workforce planning, talent acquisition, and performance management, driving employee engagement and organizational success.3. Benefits of SAPERP3.1. Increased Efficiency and ProductivityBy automating various business processes and eliminating manual data entry, SAPERP improves operational efficiency and productivity. It minimizes errors, reduces redundant tasks, and enables employees to focus on value-added activities, leading to overall process optimization and resource utilization.3.2. Enhanced Decision-makingSAPERP provides real-time data and analytics, enabling organizations to make informed decisions based on accurate and up-to-date information. With customizable reports and dashboards, management can gain insights into key performance indicators, identify trends, and anticipate market demands, facilitating proactive decision-making.3.3. Cost SavingsImplementing SAPERP allows organizations to optimize their resources effectively, leading to cost savings in various areas. By streamlining processes, reducing inventory levels, optimizing supply chain operations, and automating financial management, businesses can minimize operational costs and improve profitability.3.4. Scalability and FlexibilityAs businesses grow and evolve, SAPERP offers scalability and flexibility to adapt to changing requirements. The modular structure of SAPERP allows organizations to add or modify modules as needed without disrupting existing operations.This ensures a future-proof solution that can accommodate expansion and business evolution.4. SAPERP Implementation StrategiesImplementing SAPERP requires meticulous planning and execution to ensure successful adoption and utilization. Here are some key strategies for a smooth SAPERP implementation:4.1. Define Clear ObjectivesOrganizations should clearly define their objectives and desired outcomes before embarking on the SAPERP implementation journey. Defining measurable goals, establishing key performance indicators, and aligning objectives with business strategies will help guide the implementation process.4.2. Engage StakeholdersInvolving all relevant stakeholders, including management, employees, and IT personnel, is critical for a successful SAPERP implementation. Encouraging participation,communicating the benefits, and addressing concerns will foster ownership and commitment among stakeholders.4.3. Thorough Training and Change ManagementComprehensive training programs and change management initiatives are essential to ensure a smooth transition to SAPERP. Providing end-users with the necessary skills and knowledge to utilize the system effectively will maximize the return on investment.4.4. Phased Implementation ApproachA phased implementation approach is often more manageable and less disruptive than a big-bang approach. Breaking down the implementation into smaller, manageable phases allows organizations to address issues effectively and mitigate risks.ConclusionSAPERP offers organizations a comprehensive and integrated solution for efficient resource planning. With its broad rangeof functionalities and modules covering various business functions, SAPERP enables organizations to streamline operations, gain a competitive edge, and maximize profitability. By implementing SAPERP with careful planning and execution strategies, businesses can harness the benefits of an effective ERP system and drive sustainable growth.。

SAP ABAP Programming-IntroductionAuthor:Date: Dec, 2002OverviewSAP/R3的應用程式是在ABAP Workbench 環境中開發, 使用的程式語言SAP命名為ABAP/4(Advanced Business Application Programming), 依不同的功能, 程式型態(Program Type)可分成:Type 1Type 1 程式執行過程第一讓User輸入參數在輸入選擇畫面上, 根據參數條件自Database中讀取資料, 最後將結果顯示在輸出畫面上, 這種程式在SAP上通常稱為報表程式(Reports), 你也能够在程式中使用Submit指令去執行另一支報表程式, 將輸入參數傳入.Type M使用畫面程序操纵(Screen flow logic control)處理程式不同功能, 執行需使用Transaction code啟動程式的第一個畫面(Initial screen), 處理的畫面要使用Screen Painter設計工具, 整個程式由許多的screen所組成, 也被稱作為module pools.Type FType F 程式包含數個Function modules, 不能由transaction code 啟動而是另一支程式所呼叫執行, 因可包含許多的Function modules, 也被稱作為Function groups. 使用的開發工具為Function Builder.Type K不能由transaction code 啟動, 包含數個global classes , Type K程式稱為class definitions. 使用Class Builder為開發工具.Type J同樣不能由transaction code 啟動, 包含數個global interface , Type K程式稱為interface definitions. 使用Class Builder為開發工具.Type S不能由transaction code 啟動, 包含數個副程式(subroutine), Type S程式稱為subroutine pool, 不能包含screen敘述.Type IT ype I 程式稱為includes, 目的在減少程式碼, 能够在另一支ABAP program 使用INCLUDE指令將Type I的程式包含進來, 通常使用在資料宣告及程式區塊ABAP Statement附註說明(Comments): 在每列程式的第一個位置標明* 或在同一列的任一位置以" 標示. 程式每列第一個字必須是ABAP指令, 如WRITE ‘TEST PROGRAM’.每列程式的最後必須以.標示程式結束.指令的型態可分成:宣告資料(Declarative Statements)宣告程式執行所需變數名稱, 如TYPES, DATA, TABLES模組宣告指令(Modularization Statements)在ABAP程式中宣告模組敘述:•Event KeywordsAT SELECTION SCREEN, START-OF-SELECTION, AT USER-COMMAND•Defining keywordsFORM ..... ENDFORM, FUNCTION ... ENDFUNCTION,MODULE ... ENDMODULE.操纵指令(Control Statements)根據資料值條件執行程序, 如IF, WHILE, CASE呼叫指令(Call Statements)呼叫模組程式敘述(modulation statement), 如PERFORM, CALL, SET USER-COMMAND, SUBMIT, LEAVE TO運算指令(Operational Statements)執行資料的運算如WRITE, MOVE, ADD資料庫指令(Database Statements)執行資料庫檔案的處理, 可使用Open SQL或Native SQL語法.Open SQLOpen SQL 依循標準SQL92 語法, 透過資料庫介面至資料庫處理資料, 如SELECT, INSERT, and DELETE. 但不包含資料檔定義語法, 如CREATE TABLE 或CREATE INDEX.Native SQLNative SQL 直截了当存取資料庫不透過資料庫介面, 在一样的ABAP程式並不使用.只使用在某些专门資料庫處理, 如Data Dictionary即是使用Native SQL去Create TableCreating and Change Program Using ABAP Editor使用ABAP Editor直截了当來編輯程式, 執行Transaction code SE38(Tools-> ABAP Workbench -> User Interface -> ABAP Editor)..Source CodeABAP 程式編輯畫面.Variants定義程式執行時輸入欄位的值, 存入指定Variant名稱, 執行程式時可供選取.Attributes定義程式的各項屬性參數.(1).Title:程式描述或功能說明(2).Type :Execute mode: 1: Stand-along Program 如ReportsI: Include ProgramM: Module PoolF: Function GroupS: Subroutine Pool(3).Status :Program development status: P: SAP standard production programK: Customer production programS: System programT: Test program(4).Application: 程式所屬的application module, 如F表Financial acounting(5).Development class: 用於同一SAP系統中各個program, 用於傳至另一SAP系統, 測試程式可使用$TMP•Documentation撰寫程式相關的程式文件.•Text elements指定程式text elements 的內容, 用在程式執行時的輸入提示敘述或報表輸出.Begin to Writing ABAB Program以撰寫顯示系統日期時間的程式為例, 需求輸出為:This is my first ABAP ProgramSystem Date: 12/29/2002System Time: 16:58:51Step1: Assign Program Name執行Transaction code SE38(Tools-> ABAP Workbench -> User Interface -> ABAP Editor).輸入程式名稱為ZCHOU2002001, 第一個字母Z或Y表Add-on Program, 按Step2: Edit Program Attribution輸入Title, Type及Status後按Step3: Assign Development Class輸入指定的Development Class, 假如僅為測試目的, 選擇Step4: Writing Program SourceWRITE指令為將之後的資料輸出在螢幕上, 加上/ 表示跳列Step5: Statement Syntax Check選擇Program-> Check-> Syntax check或按Ctrl + F2檢查語法是否無誤, 需完全沒有錯誤程式才可執行.Step6: Save Program選擇Program-> Save或按Ctrl + S貯存程式.Step7: Active Program選擇Program-> Active或按Ctrl + F3 Active程式, 假如程式未Active則僅能使用ABAP Editor執行, 不能使用Transaction code或由另一程式呼叫.Step8: Execute Program選擇Program-> Execute或按F8執行程式.Step9: Display Result假如程式無誤會至輸出畫面顯示結果:Step10: Left Display Screen按下或F3回Source Screen, 恭喜你! 你已經完成你第一個ABAP/4 Program.Data TypeSAP的資料型態名稱最長為30個字元, 使用型態可分成三類:Predefined Data Type由SAP系統定義的資料型態, 做為程式中資料宣告及檔案欄位型態, 有以下幾種: Type Length Range Initial Value DescriptionC 1 1-65535Byte Space 字串資料, 如’Program’F 8 8Byte 0 浮點數P 8 1-16Byte 0 Packed 數, 用在小數點數I 4 -2^31至2^31-1 0 整數N 1 1-65535Byte ‘00…0’數值所組成的字串D 8 8Byte ‘00000000’日期資料, 格式為YYYYMMDDT 6 6Byte ‘000000’時間資料, 格式為HHMMSSX 1 1-65535Byte X’00’16進位數STRING Dynamic 1-65535Byte Space 長度不固定的字串Local Data Type in Program用在程式中宣告自定的資料型態, 使用TYPES 指令宣告:TYPES <T> [TYPE <type> / LIKE <object>]Example:TYPES: length TYPE I.Example:TYPES: name(10) TYPE C.Example:TYPES: BEGIN OF person,Name(10) TYPE C,Tel(25) TYPE C,END OF person.Example:TYPES: ty_p TYPE p.DATA: gv_p TYPE ty_p.gv_p = 1.Data Type in ABAP Dictionary資料型態名稱由ABAP Dictionary(Transaction code SE11)定義,如上圖標示資料型態名稱為VBAK-NETWR, 長度及其它屬性在Data Element 〝NETWR_AK〞定Data ObjectsData Objects存在於程式執行期間(run time), 在程式中先宣告Object Name, 自資料庫檔案或程式運算得到的結果都要先存入Data Object中供程式其它指令執行.Literals以下是合法的資料表示:Numeric Data1000-3500‘125.56’‘12E2’???小數點數及科學符號資料前後必須以‘標示.Text Data‘Neihu, Taipei’‘Kenny〞s Document’字串前後必須以‘標示.Text Symbols在ABAP Editor中的Text Elements指定, Symbol ID為3碼, 習慣上自001開始編碼:如上圖範例, 程式中使用為WRITE: / text-001.輸出結果為:Delta Electronics Inc,Variables名稱最長為30 Character, 第一個字元必須為英文字母(A-Z), 由文數字及专门字元組成( _ )所組成, 幸免使用专门符號, 使用DATA指令宣告:Example:DATA: age TYPE I.Predefined data type 使用TYPE 參數Example:DATA: money LIKE VBAK-NETWR.Dictionary Object使用LIKE參數Example:DATA: BEGIN OF ADDRESS,CITY(20) TYPE C,STREET(30) TYPE C,TEL LIKE ADRC-TELFX,END OF ADDRESS.宣告Structure ADDRESS包含CITY,STREET,TEL欄位.ConstantsConstants 為在程式中所指定的固定值, 名稱長度最長30個字元,Syntax:CONSTANTS <Object> [TYPES / LIKE <data type>] [DECIMALS n][V ALUE <const> / VALUES IS INITIAL]Example:CONSTANTS: company LIKE VBAK-BUKRS VALUES ‘TW00’.Example:CONSTANTS pdate TYPES D V ALUES SY-DATUM.Predefined Data Objects由SAP系統定義的Data Objects, 如:SPACEData Type為C, 長度1個字元, 是一個Constant, 值為空白字元.System ObjectSY-SUBRC 系統執行傳回值, 0 表示成功SY-UNAME logon 帳號SY-DATUM 系統日期SY-UZEIT 系統時間SY-TCODE 目前的transaction code可至Dictionary查詢Structure SYST得知所有System ObjectProcessing DataAssign ValueSyntax:MOVE <F1> TO <F2>將F1的值存至變數F2 中, 也可寫成F2 = F1Example:MOVE ‘MONEY’TO M_NAME.或M_NAME = ‘CHER’.Syntax:MOVE-CORRESPONDING <Struc1> TO <Struc2>將Structure <Struc1>所有欄位內容存至Structure <Struc2>相同名稱欄位中Example:DATA: BEGIN OF ADDRESS,FIRSTNAME(10) V ALUE ‘LULU’,LASTNAME(10) V ALUE ‘CHOU’,TEL(12) V ALUE ‘4660570’,END OF ADDRESS.DATA:BEGIN OF NAME,FIRSTNAME(10),LASTNAME(10),E_MAIL(30),END OF NAME.MOVE-CORRESPONDING ADDRESS TO NAME.NAME-FIRSTNAME 變成‘LULU’, NAME-LASTNAME 變成‘CHOU’,而NAME-E_MAIL 則不變Syntax:MOVE <F1>[+<O1>] TO <F2>[+<O2>] Example:DATA: F1(10) V ALUE ‘ABCDEFGHIJ’.F2(5).F2 = F1+3(5). 〝自第4個位置開始取出5個字元F2 的內容會變成DEFGHInitial Variable ObjectsSyntax:CLEAR <f>清除變數現在內容, 恢復成初值Example:DATA N TYPE I V ALUE 100.CLEAR N.變數N 的內容變成0Numeric Operand** 乘冪* 乘/ 除+ 加- 減DIV 整數除法MOD 餘數除法在運算符號前後至少需一個空白字元.Example:Amount = Qty * Price.Numeric Function1.ABS( N ): 傳回數值N 的絕對值2.SIGN( N ) :1 if N > 00 if N = 0-1 if N < 03.CEIL(N): 傳回大於數值N的最小整數Example:WRITE CEIL(-5.65) 印出–5.00WRITE CELL(4.54) 印出5.004.FLOOR(N): 傳回小於數值N的最大整數Example:WRITE FLOOR(-5.65) 印出–6.00WRITE FLOOR(4.54) 印出4.005.TRUNC(N): 傳回數值N的整數部分Example:WRITE TRUNC(5.65) 印出5.006.FRAC(N): 傳回數值N 的小數部分Example:WRITE FRAC(5.65) 印出0.657.COS(A),SIN(A),TAN(A): 傳回三角函數cos A, sin A, tan A 的值, A 為弳度量8.EXP(N): 傳回e^N 值8.LOG(N): 傳回log eN 值9.LOG10(N): 傳回log N值10.SQRT(N): 傳回N 的平方根值Date and Time Data Calculation1.日期資料的運算日期資料能够直截了当運算, 如加法與減法的運算Example:DATA: Mdata TYPE D.Mdate = SY-DATUM. 〝如傳回19971015Mdate+6(2) = ‘01’〝Mdate 變成19971001Mdate = Mdate - 1 〝Mdate 變成199709302.時間資料的運算時間格式為‘hhmmss’, 如‘212030’表’21:20:30’Example:DATA: HOURS TYPE I,MINUTES TYPE I,T2 TYPE T V ALUE ‘200000’,T1 TYPE T V ALUE ‘183000’.HOURS = (T2 - T1) / 3600. 〝計算有幾小時MINUTES = (T2 – T1) / 60. 〝計算幾分鐘T2 – T1 得到結果的單位為秒String Object Calculation1.Shifting field contentsSyntax:SHIFT <c> [BY <n> PLACES] [<modes>]<modes> : (1).空白, 字串往左移一位(2).LEFT, 字串往左移n 位(3).RIGHT, 字串往右移n 位(4).CIRCULAR: 字串以環狀方式移位Example:DATA STRI NG(10) VALUE ‘ABCDEFGHIJ’.SHIFT STRING. 〝得到BCDEFGHI’SHIFT STRING BY 2 PLACES RIGHT. 〝得到ABCDEFGH2.Replacing field contentsSyntax:REPLACE <string1> WITH <string2> INTO <c>將字串<c> 中的<string1> 以<string2> 來取代Example:DATA: STRING(10) VALUE ‘ABCDEFGHI’,STR1(3) V ALUE ‘DEF’,STR2(3) V ALUE ‘123’.REPLACE STR1 WITH STR2 INTO STRING.WRITE / STRING. 〝得到ABC123GHI3.Converting to uppercase or lowercase charactersSyntax:TRANSLATE <c> TO UPPER CASE. 〝轉成大寫TRANSLATE <c> TO LOWER CASE. 〝轉成小寫4.Searching character stringSyntax:SEARCH <c> FOR <str>Example:DATA STRING(10) V ALUE ‘ABCDEFGHIJ’.會回存至兩個System Object, SY-SUBRC 和SY-FDPOS, 假设找到則SY-SUBRC 為0 SY-FDPOS 存開始位置, 假设找不到則SY-SUBRC為4, SY-FDPOS為05.String lengthSTRLEN(<c>)Example:LEN = STRLEN(‘XYZABC’). 〝得到6LEN = STRLEN(‘ABC ’ ). 〝得到36.Substring<f>[+<o>][<l>]Example:DATA T(10) VALUE ‘ABCDEFGHIJ’.WRITE / T+2(4). 〝得到CDEF7.Condencing character stringSyntax:CONDENSE <String> [NO-GAPS]去除<String>前後的空白字串, 加上參數NO-GAPS表去除<String>中的所有空白Example:DATA: NAME(20) TYPE C VALUE ‘Green Tea!’.LEN = STRLEN(NAME). 〝得到20CONDENSE NAME.LEN = STRLEN(NAME). 〝得到10CONDENSE NAME NO-GAPS.WRITE:/ NAME. 〝得到的結果是GreenTea! 長度變成98.Concatenating character fieldsSyntax:CONCATENATE <str1> <str2> INTO <str0> [SEPARA TED BY <deli>] 合併<Str1>和<Str2>至<Str0>, 加上[SEPARATED BY <deli>]能够<deli>分隔Example:STR1 = ‘NEIHU’.STR2 = ‘TAIPEI’.CONCATENATE STR1 STR2 INTO NAME.WRITE: / NAME. 〝結果為NEUHUTAIPEICONCATENATE STR1 STR2 INTO NAME SEPARATED BY SPACE.WRITE: / NAME. 〝結果為NEUHU TAIPEI9.Splitting character fieldsSyntax:SPLIT <str0> AT <deli> INTO <str1> <str2>依字元<deli>分割字串<str0>為<Str1>和<Str2>Example:NAME = ‘NEIHU ,TAIPEI’. .SPLIT NAME AT ‘,’ INTO STR1 STR2.WRITE:/ STR1.WRITE:/ STR2.結果為NEIHUTAIPEIFlow ControllingCompared Operand1. = 或EQ : 等於2. <> 或>< 或NE : 不等於3. < 或LT : 小於4.<= 或LE : 小於等於5.> 或GT : 大於6.>= 或GE : 大於等於7.AND : 且8.OR : 或9.NOT : 非Branch Controlling 1. IF 述敘Syntax:IF <Condition1>.<Statement 1 >ELSEIF <Condition2>.<Statement 2>ELSEIF <Condition3>.<Statement 3>…..ELSE.<else Statement >ENDIF.Example:IF 3 > 8.WRITE / ‘3 is less than 8’.ENDIF.2. CASE 敘述Syntax:CASE <變數f>.WHEN <Value1>.<Statement1>WHEN <Value2>.<Statement2>….WHEN OTHERS.<others Statement>ENDCASE.Example:S = ‘A’.CASE S.WHEN ‘X’.WRITE / ‘String is X’.WHEN ‘A’.WRITE / ‘String is A’.WHEN OTHERS.WRITE / ‘String is OTHERS’.ENDCASE.根據Variable S的值(‘A’), 得到輸出結果為String is ALoop ControllingSyntax:WHILE <Condition>.<Statement Block>ENDWHILEExample:I = 1.S=0.WHILE I <= 10.S = S+I.I=I+1.ENDWHILE.WRITE: / ‘ 1+2+3+…+10=’,S.執行結果為: 1+2+3+…+10=551. SY-INDEXSY-INDEX為記錄迴圈次數的System Object. Data type 為整數型態2. Skip to next loopCONTINUE跳至迥圈的下一次Example:I = 1.WHILE I <= 3.IF SY-INDEX = 2.CONTINUE.WRITE: / SY-INDEX.ENDIF.I = I + 1.ENDWHILE.執行結果:133. Condition check for next loopCHECK <Condition>CHECK 條件成立才繼續往下執行迥圈Example:I = 1.WHILE I <= 5.CHECK SY-INDEX BETWEEN 2 AND 4.WRITE / SY-INDEX.ENDWHILE.執行結果:2344. Terminated from loopEXIT跳離迥圈敘述Example:I = 1.WHILE I <= 10.IF SY-INDEX = 4.EXIT.ENDIFWRITE / SY-INDEX.ENDWHILE.執行結果:123Output and Input CommandsWRITE command螢幕上輸出Data Object內容Syntax::WRITE [ / ] <Object> [<Parameters>]Example:WRITE ‘This is sample’.WRITE: ‘COMPANY:’,STFL-CARRID.Represent positionSyntax:WRITE [ / ] [<pos>] [(<len>)] <Object>/ : 先往下一列pos : 螢幕X軸座標(len): 顯示資料的長度Example:WRITE / 6 ‘Second Line’.輸出結果:Second LineExample:DATA: NUMBER TYPE I VALUE ‘1234567890’, TEXT(10) VALUE ‘ABCDEFGHIJ’.WRITE: /(5) NUMBER.WRITE: /(6) TEXT.輸出結果:*7890 aaaABCDEF 〝字串資料由左至右取出5個字元Output FormattingSyntax:WRITE <Object> <Format><Format> Parameters:LEFT-JUSTIFIED 資料靠左顯示CENTERED 資料靠中間顯示RIGHT-JUSTIFIED 資料靠右顯示UNDER <g> 在資料項<g>的X軸開始座標顯示NO-GAP 緊接著顯示, 不留空格USING EDIT MASK <m> 使用內嵌字元顯示, 如11:20:30 USING NO EDIT MASK 不使用內嵌字元NO-ZERO 數字前面0 的部分不顯示NO-SIGN 不顯示正負號DECIMALS <d> 顯示d 位小數位數EXPONENT <e> F(浮點數) exponent 的值ROUND <r> 四捨五入至小數位數下r 位CURRENCY <c> 幣別顯示DD/MM/YY 日期顯示格式MM/DD/YYDD/MM/YYYYMM/DD/YYYYDDMMYYMMDDYYYYMMDDExample:DATA: X TYPE I V ALUE ‘112030’,A(5) V ALUE ’ABCDE’.WRITE X USING EDIT MASK ‘__:__:__’.輸出結果為11:20:30WRITE X USING EDIT MASK ‘$___,___’輸出結果為$112,030SKIP command產生n 個空白列Syntax:SKIP [<n>]單獨一個SKIP會產生一個空白列Example:WRITE ‘PASS1’.SKIP.WRITE ‘PASS2’.輸出結果為:PASS1PASS2Display icons能够顯示R/3 系統所提供的符號或圖示Syntax:WRITE <symbol-name> AS SYMBOLWRITE <icon-name> AS ICONExample:INCLUDE <SYMBOL>INCLUDE <ICON>WRITE: / ‘Phone Symbol:’ , SYM_PHONE AS SYMBOL.WRITE: / ‘Alarm Icon:’ , ICON_ALARM AS ICON.執行結果:要查看系統所提供有那些符號及圖示, 可選擇〝Edit〞下的〝Pattern〞, 選擇〝WRITE〞接下來選擇要查的群組, 如SYM_* 或ICON*, 按下拉查詢即可.Display data as check box以字串資料內容的第一個字元為CHECK BOX的輸出, 假如是空白, CHECK BOX 顯示為空白, 相反則顯示X , 可用在邏輯判斷檢查Syntax:WRITE <Object> AS CHECKBOX.Example:DATA: FLAG1 VALUE ‘‘ .FLAG2 VALUE ‘X’.WRITE: / ‘CHECK FLAG 1:’ , FLAG1 AS CHECKBOX.WRITE: / ‘CHECK FLAG 2:’ , FLAG2 AS CHECKBOX.執行結果:PARAMETERS command差不多的輸入命令, 類似如BASIC的INPUT命令, 輸入Data object內容, 但無法使用F(Floating)資料格式Syntax:PARAMETERS <p> [LIKE <Object> ] [DEFAULT <f>] [LOWER CASE][OBLIGATORY] [AS CHECKBOX][RADIOBUTTON GROUP <rad>]Example:PARAMETERS: NAME(8),AGE TYPE I,BIRTH TYPE D.執行結果:在日期的輸入格式上為MM/DD/YY , MM/DD/YYYY, MMDDYY或MMDDYYYY , 如輸入020215表1965年02月01日, 與02/01/65的輸入是一樣的, 日期輸入範圍為西元1950年至2049年LIKE指定輸入篩選選擇為<Object>資料內容Example:PARAMETERS: MID LIKE VBAK-VBELN.DEFAULT設定輸入的預設值Example:PARAMETERS: COMPANY(20) DEFAULT ‘DELTA’,BIRTH TYPE D DEFAULT ‘19650201’.LOWER CASEABAP/4預設是將字串輸入值自動轉換為大寫, 加上此參數會將輸入的資料轉成小寫,OBLIGATORY強制要求輸入, 螢幕上會出現一個? , 使用者必須要輸入值.AS CHECKBOX輸入CHECKBOX的格式Example:PARAMETERS: TAX AS CHECKBOX DEFAULT ‘X’,NTD AS CHECKBOX.執行結果:RADIOBUTTON GROUP <rad>輸入RADIO BUTTON GROUP 的方式Example:PARAMETERS: BOY RADIOBUTTON GROUP SEX DEFAULT ‘X’,GIRL RADIOBUTTON GROUP SEX.執行結果:SELECT-OPTIONS command條件範圍輸入畫面指令,Syntax:SELEC-OPTIONS <check-option> FOR <table-field>Example:TABLES SPFLI.SELECT-OPTIONS AIRLINE FOR SPFLI-CONNID.將條件的輸入值存放入AIRLINE, 篩選選擇為SPFLI中的CONNID欄位執行結果:可直截了当輸入起始範圍或按下選擇畫面, 輸入完後按下左上角的執行鍵From search help按下輸入項的右邊往下箭頭, 叫出篩選選擇欄位Table中資料項, 選取開始和結束的範圍Selection Options執行時按下〝Edit〞-> 〝Selection options〞輸入Option及Sign參數內容, 螢幕如下:Multi-Options按下最右邊的鍵, 輸入條件選取的範圍, 畫面如下:可輸多個不連續值或條件範圍, 條件輸入完後按下鍵DEFAULT設定開始結束範圍輸入預設值Example:SELECT-OPTIONS: AIRLINE FOR SPFLI-CONNIDDEFAULT ‘2042’TO ‘4555’.NO-EXTENSION設定不要Multi-Option輸入畫面NO INTERVALS設定不要區間範圍輸入畫面LOWER CASE輸入轉換成大寫OBLIGATORY強制要求輸入SELECTION-SCREEN command產生輸入畫面的成效, 如外框等.Insert space lineSyntax:SELECTION-SCREEN SKIP [<n>]Example:SELECTION-SCREEN SKIP 2.產生兩列空白列Under scoreSyntax:SELECTION-SCREEN ULINE / <pos>(length)Example:SELECTION-SCREEN ULINE /10(30).自第10格開始產生長度30的底線Printing block panelSyntax:SELECTION-SCREEN BEGIN OF BLOCK <block>[WITH FRAME [TITLE <title>].…….SELECTION-SCREEN END OF BLOCK <block>.Example:SELECTION-SCREEN BEGIN OF BLOCK RADIO WITH FRAME .PARAMETER R1 RADIOBUTTON GROUP GR1.PARAMETER R2 RADIOBUTTON GROUP GR1.PARAMETER R3 RADIOBUTTON GROUP GR1.SELECTION-SCREEN END OF BLOCK RADIO.執行結果:Internal TablesABAP/4的Internal Table 如同其它語言的Array資料結構, 由許多具有相同欄位的記錄所組成, 在程式執行中存於系統記憶體, 在處理上能够有複製,刪除,新增插入等功能.自SAP R/3 4.0後Table type可分成:Standard TableStandard table具有internal linear index, 在資料讀取時可藉由index或key field至資料位置, key field可指定為可重覆值(non-unique)或不可重覆值, 因此在增加新記錄時速度較快, 但讀取資料視table總筆數而定, 總筆數愈多, 速度愈慢.Sorted Table同樣也具有internal linear index, 在資料讀取時可藉由index或key field至資料位置, 在key field 可指定為可重覆值(non-unique)或不可重覆值, 資料讀取速度相對standard table較快, 新增加記錄時由於key field緣故較慢.Hashed Table沒有internal linear index, 資料讀取時藉由key field 做二元搜尋(binary search), 搜尋速度不受總筆數影響是固定的, key field一定要指定為不可重覆(unique), 較適合用在大量筆數的internal table處理.sapDB table 分为三种类型：1.透亮表〔Transp table〕,那个表中的字段是与数据库里的字段一一对应，是最常用，最多的表。

sap计算机英语书关于 SAP（Systems, Applications, and Products in Data Processing）的计算机英语书籍，有很多不同的选择，涵盖了从基础知识到专业应用的各个方面。

以下是一些可能有用的书籍推荐：1. "SAP for Dummies" by Andreas Vogel and Ian Kimbell 这本书适合初学者，介绍了SAP的基本概念和应用。

2. "SAP ERP Financials: Configuration and Design" by Naeem Arif, Sheikh Tauseef, and Zahid Hussain 这本书侧重于SAP ERP财务模块的配置和设计，适合想要深入了解财务方面的读者。

3. "SAP HANA: An Introduction" by Bjarne Berg 这本书介绍了SAP HANA内存数据库平台的基本概念和应用，适合想要了解SAP HANA技术的读者。

4. "SAP NetWeaver For Dummies" by Dan Woods and Jeffrey Word 这本书介绍了SAP NetWeaver平台的基本知识和应用，适合想要了解SAP的集成和应用开发的读者。

5. "SAP BW/4HANA and BW on SAP HANA: The Comprehensive Guide" by Peter Jones and George K. 这本书深入介绍了SAP BW/4HANA和BW on SAP HANA的技术和应用，适合想要深入了解数据仓库方面的读者。

无论你是想要了解SAP的基础知识，还是想要深入学习特定模块或技术，都可以根据自己的需求选择合适的书籍进行学习。

希望这些推荐对你有所帮助！。

About the T utorialSAP Customer Relationship Management (SAP CRM) is key component of SAP Business Suite and it is used not only to add ress an organization’s short term goals, but it also helps in reducing cost and increase the decision making ability by defining future strategy. SAP CRM also helps in achieving differentiated capabilities to compete effectively and to meet long term objectives.This is a fundamental tutorial that covers the basics of SAP CRM and how to deal with its various components and sub-components.AudienceThis tutorial has been prepared for those professionals who wish to learn the basics as well as the refinements of SAP CRM and execute it in practice.The SAP CRM system is used to support all customer focused business areas like service, marketing, sales, etc. It is also implemented for different customer interaction channels, such as Interaction Centers, Internet, and mobile for E-Commerce.This tutorial is planned to make the reader at ease in getting started with the SAP Customer Relationship Management and its several other utilities.PrerequisitesIt is an uncomplicated and simple tutorial which the readers can easily understand. The conceptions are explained here with a basic knowledge of how a company or an organization deals with its CRM System. However, it will help if you have some prior exposure to customer service, assistance related to sales, complaint handling and other related activities.Copyright and DisclaimerCopyright 2018 by Tutorials Point (I) Pvt. Ltd.All the content and graphics published in this e-book are the property of Tutorials Point (I) Pvt. Ltd. The user of this e-book is prohibited to reuse, retain, copy, distribute or republish any contents or a part of contents of this e-book in any manner without written consent of the publisher.We strive to update the contents of our website and tutorials as timely and as precisely as possible, however, the contents may contain inaccuracies or errors. Tutorials Point (I) Pvt. Ltd. provides no guarantee regarding the accuracy, timeliness or completeness of our website or its contents including this tutorial. If you discover any errors on our website or inthistutorial,******************************************T able of ContentsAbout the Tutorial (i)Audience (i)Prerequisites (i)Copyright and Disclaimer (i)Table of Contents .................................................................................................................................... i i 1.SAP CRM – INTRODUCTION . (1)SAP CRM – Overview (1)Features of SAP CRM (2)2.SAP CRM – ARCHITECTURE (3)Installable Components of SAP CRM (4)Content Types (5)3.SAP CRM – CAPABILITIES (7)4.SAP CRM – INTEGRATION WITH SAP SD (9)Maintaining Divisions in CRM (9)Define Divisions and Distribution Channels for CRM (10)Define Combination of Distribution Channels and Divisions (10)5.SAP CRM – GUI (12)6.SAP CRM – WEBCLIENT UI (14)How to Login to SAP CRM WebClient? (14)WebClient UI Components (16)Header Area (17)Navigation Area (19)Work Area (20)Overview Pages (22)7.SAP CRM – WEB UI CONFIGURATION (24)Configuration of the Navigation Bar (27)8.SAP CRM – SALES (33)CRM Sales Channels and Functions (33)SAP CRM – Sales Functions (33)9.SAP CRM – ACCOUNT PLANNING (35)Key Features of Account Planning (35)General Data in Account Planning (35)10.SAP CRM – ACTIVITY MANAGEMENT (39)Activity Management for Employees (40)11.SAP CRM – OPPORTUNITY MANAGEMENT (41)Classification in Opportunity Management (41)Opportunity Hierarchy (42)What is a Lead in SAP CRM? (43)12.SAP CRM – QUOTATION AND ORDER MANAGEMENT (44)Activity Management for Quotation (44)13.SAP CRM – OUTLINE AGREEMENTS (46)Availability Check (47)14.SAP CRM – TAXES (48)Rebate Processing in CRM Sales (49)15.SAP CRM – MARKETING (51)SAP CRM – Marketing Overview (51)16.SAP CRM – MARKETING PLANNING (53)17.SAP CRM – MARKETING CALENDAR (56)Setting up Views in Marketing Calendar (58)18.SAP CRM – CAMPAIGN MANAGEMENT (60)Campaign Execution (60)19.SAP CRM – SERVICE (61)20.SAP CRM – SERVICE REQUEST MANAGEMENT (64)Service Tickets (64)Service Requests (65)Service Tickets Vs. Service Requests (68)21.SAP CRM – SERVICE CONTRACTS (70)What Does a Service Contract Include? (71)22.SAP CRM – SERVICE ORDER MANAGEMENT (75)Complaints and Returns Management (75)Workflow and Escalation Management (76)Warranty Claim Services (77)23.SAP CRM – INTERACTION CENTER (79)Key Functions of SAP CRM IC (79)Interaction Center Agent Functions (79)Interaction Center Components (80)24.SAP CRM – IC PROFILES & CONFIGURATION (82)Integration of SAP CRM IC (84)IC Manager Profile (85)25.SAP CRM – PRODUCT MASTER (87)Product Information in Product Master (87)Product Relation / Linkages (88)Categories and Hierarchies (91)26.SAP CRM – BUSINESS TRANSACTIONS (92)Business Transaction Types and Categories (92)Business Transaction Functions (96)27.SAP CRM – PRICING (98)Pricing Process (99)Pricing Condition (101)Pricing in CRM WebClient (103)28.SAP CRM – BILLING (106)Billing Documents in a CRM WebClient (106)29.SAP CRM – WEB CHANNEL (111)B2B Scenario (111)B2C Scenario (113)SAP CRM 1 SAP CRM is one of the key modules in an organization which deals with handling customers effectively and efficiently. In t oday’s competitive market environment, it is necessary that companies make changes in a dynamic environment and take care of all the key activities related to customer service.SAP Customer Relationship Management is known as integrated customer relationship management module by SAP that helps any organization to achieve their business goals and allows them to perform all Customer Relationship tasks efficiently. CRM is one of the key components for making business strategy for medium and large scale organizations and it also helps in understanding the customers, their needs and customer service effectively.SAP CRM is part of SAP ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) business suite and is used to implement customize business processes related to Customer Relationship management CRM and to integrate with SAP and non –SAP systems. SAP CRM allows an organization to achieve customer satisfaction by meeting the service expectation and providing products required by customers.SAP CRM – OverviewSAP Customer Relationship Management (SAP CRM) is key component of SAP Business Suite and it is used not only to address an organization’s short term goals , but also helps in reducing cost and increasing decision making ability by defining future strategy. It also supports in achieving differentiated capabilities to compete effectively to meet long term objectives.SAP CRM includes the following sub modules that support key functions of the Customer Relationship Management:∙SAP CRM Sales ∙SAM CRM Marketing ∙SAP CRM Analytics ∙SAP CRM Service ∙SAP CRM Web Channel (E Marketing, CRM Mobile, etc.) ∙SAP CRM Interaction Center IC ∙ SAP HybrisSAP CRM provides you with several benefits, some of which are:∙ It allows you to use cross-industry and industry-specific end-to-end business processes.∙You can use flexible and process-based deployment options.1.SAP CRM ∙It provides you an open adaptable technology platform powered by SAP NetWeaver.Note: With the acquisition of Hybris, SAP CRM Web Channel is no longer in use. All the companies that has CRM Web Channel WCEM license that is valid till Dec 2020 and SAP recommends to use SAP Hybris to manage E-Commerce and Marketing needs. Features of SAP CRMSAP CRM is one of the key component of SAP Business Suite to manage customer relationship related activities. It is used to support all customer focused business areas like service, marketing, sales, etc.This SAP CRM is implemented for different customer interaction channels, such as Interaction Centre, Internet, and mobile for E-Commerce.It has one component known as CRM Analytics that allows an organization to analyze all the information related to ley tasks associated with customer management and use this analytical information for decision making and defining future strategy by providing customers the products that they need, quality of service, assistance in sales related activities, complaint handling etc.CRM Version History∙SAP CRM 2008 (7.0) released in 2009 as part of SAP Business Suite 7.0.∙SAP CRM 2007 (6.0) released in 2007.∙SAP CRM 2006 (5.0) released in 2005.2SAP CRM 3SAP CRM consists of various components that allow you to integrate the CRM module with other SAP and non-SAP modules, internet, mobile devices like smartphones, tablets, and enterprise portal.In the center, it has SAP CRM server which has sub components like: ∙CRM Enterprise Functions ∙ CRM MiddlewareThen there are adapters to communicate with hand held devices and internet. The SAP ECC/R3 system is used for backend, SAP BI system is used for analytical reporting and SAP SCM is used to enhance the capabilities of SAP CRM module.You can also see the SAP CRM architecture and all its listed key components in the following image:∙SAP ERM Server (CRM Enterprise, CRM Middleware, Adapter) ∙SAP ECC as backend system ∙SAP BI for Analytical Reporting ∙SAP SCM ∙Mobile and hand held devices ∙Internet ∙ Enterprise Portal2.SAP CRM4Installable Components of SAP CRMThere are various components that get installed with SAP CRM and provide a large set of functionalities to manage customer relationship.∙CRM Core: This includes the components that are mandatory for CRM system landscape, which includes: ∙o CRM Application Server ABAPo CRM Application Server JavaoSAP GUI and∙CRM Web Client UI.∙CRM Mobile Components: This component is used for a mobile system landscape.∙CRM Handheld Integration: This component is used for CRM handheld integration.Workforce DevelopmentStandalone Components: These components are used to provide additional functionalities. They are optional components shown at the time of installation.Application System:This contains OLTP backend system, BI in NetWeaver, SAP SCM and SAP SRM server.SAP Solution Manager: This is one of the key components for SAP CRM implementation.Content T ypesDifferent content types are available for different components. For example: Content for System landscape directory.The installation program SAPinst can install the CRM Application Server ABAP, CRM Application Server Java and the underlying SAP NetWeaver Application Server in a single installation run. CRM Application Server ABAP and CRM Application Server Java can run in one system using the same database.You can also install the CRM Application Server ABAP and CRM Application Server Java in separate systems.56SAP CRM7The SAP CRM components provide different capabilities. SAP CRM is a complete software suite and is part of the SAP Business software.CRM CoreThe core functions in SAP CRM are provided by CRM Application server ABAP and CRM Application server Java. You can further enhance the core functions by adding other software units. CRM Application server and Java application server enables you operate large range of business processes.To enhance the capabilities, you can add other software like CRM Mobile application to enable use of marketing, sales and service functionalities in offline mode or use of Business Intelligence SAP NetWeaver for analytical reporting.The SAP CRM Application server ABAP consists of the following components:∙ SAP CRM ABAP 6.0 ∙ SAP AP 7.00∙ SAP WEB AS 7.00 (SAP NetWeaver 7.0 Application Server ABAP) ∙SAP CRM UIF 6.0SAP CRM Application Server Java consists of the following components:∙ SAP JAVA data dictionary 5.0 ∙ CRM IPC Mobile 6.0 ∙ CRM IPC MOBILE 6.0∙ CRM JAVA APPLICATIONS 6.0 ∙ CRM JAVA COMPONENTS 6.0 ∙ CRM JAVA WEB COMPONENTS 6.0 ∙ SAP SHARED JAVA APPLIC. 6.0 ∙ SAP SHARED JAVA COMPONENTS 6.0 ∙ SAP SHARED WEB COMPONENTS 6.0 ∙TEALEAF 4.5 (Optional)The SAP NetWeaver Application Server Java consists of the following component:∙SAP WEB AS 7.00You can easily differentiate between CRM core Java components and CRM core non Java components. For a few business processes, you don’t need CRM Application server Java components as they can run on Application Server ABAP components.You should have SAP Core with CRM Java Components (JCRM) for the following business scenarios in SAP CRM:3.SAP CRM CRM Web Channel WCEM: Business scenarios in which you want to use the product configuration. For example: the business process Sales Order Processing in CRM.User Interfaces: The CRM web client is an integrated, clearly arranged web based user interface. You can perform the following functions in the user interface: ∙Clearly arranged page layout∙Flexible and easy-to-use interface configuration∙Toolbar for functions∙Terminology that is suited to the new user interface∙Simple and intuitive navigation∙Easy-to-use personalization∙Enhanced search concept∙Access online help and tutorialsCRM Web Client is based on a web browser, so you would need to install a web browser on the client side. The CRM Web Client is fully based on the CRM Application Server ABAP using Business Server Page (BSP) technology. On the server side, the CRM Web Client is based on a multilayer architecture:∙Presentation Layer∙Business Object Layer∙At the top CRM Web Client UI8SAP CRM9The SAP ECC and CRM are closely integrated with each other and they have to be synchronized in some configurational areas like Sales, Customer master records, Organizational model, etc.Example: An organization model defines the sales area you should use in CRM and check in SAP ECC system. Sales area contains the following components:∙ Sales Organization ∙ Distribution channel ∙DivisionsYou download the data from sales area to ECC system and this is performed when you configure the CRM module. You need to verify the configurational data in ECC before setting up in the CRM.Maintaining Divisions in CRMYou can select if you want to work with divisions in SAP CRM. When you are using CRM with ECC, there is a need to maintain a dummy division or you can also use a header division in CRM so that dummy division for data transfer is not required.Go to CRM -> Master Data -> Organizational Management -> Division Settings -> Define Use of Division and Dummy Division.If you don’t want to define a division in CRM, you can select the check box – “Division not act”. In this case , you would need to enter a dummy division. The division that you enter in this window should be available in the ECC system.To use this division at header level in business transactions in CRM, you can select the indicator- “Header Div Act”.4.Define Divisions and Distribution Channels for CRMYou can also define divisions for CRM in addition to divisions copied from the ECC system. If your CRM system is standalone, then divisions are maintained manually.To define division in CRM, go to CRM -> Master Data -> Organizational Management -> Division Settings -> Define Divisions.In a similar way, you can define distribution channels in Organizational Management as well.Go to CRM -> Master Data -> Organizational Management -> Organizational Data for Sales Scenarios -> Define Distribution Channels.Define Combination of Distribution Channels and DivisionsYou can also define combinations of distribution channels and divisions that can be assigned as attributes to the sales organization to define a sales area.To define a combination of division and distribution channel, go to CRM -> Master Data -> Organizational Management -> Organizational Data for Sales Scenarios -> Define Combination of Distribution Channel and Division1011SAP CRM12The SAP GUI is a front-end tool and is used for system administration and customization in SAP Implementation guide (IMG). There are a few administration tasks and transactions which are available in SAP GUI and are accessible from SAP Easy access. Some of these transactions available in SAP Easy access are discussed below.CIC0: Customer Interaction Center5.SAP CRM COMMPR01: Maintain Products13SAP CRM14SAP GUI is used to perform administration tasks in SAP CRM. To perform customization and configuration of CRM activities, a client tool is recommended by SAP which is known as SAP CRM WebClient User Interface.How to Login to SAP CRM WebClient?You can login to SAP CRM WebClient via SAP GUI. To open the login window, you can use the following transaction code: T-Code: CRM_UI and press Enter.If nothing happens, it shows that you are using an older version of SAP CRM.6.Once you click allow, you will see the following screen with login details.Use Transaction code: BSP_WD_CMPWB and enter the name in the Component field and click Execute.15When you click Execute, you will see the login screen of CRM WebClient UI. Enter the user name and password to login.WebClient UI ComponentsThis SAP CRM WebClient is used to access only those applications for which a user role is assigned and have the authorization. In case there is a user with a single role added to his profile he/she can only login with that role and does not get an option to select the role on the login page.When there are multiple roles assigned to a user, he/she can select one of the available roles in order to log-in to the CRM Web UI.SAP CRM WebClient is divided into three parts, which are:∙Navigation bar∙Header Area∙Work AreaThe entire frame in UI WebClient is known as the Navigation bar. You can navigate to different pages in this Navigation bar. The Header area is at the top and contains the system links, work area title, saved searches, history, etc.16The Work area is a place where changes happen with user actions and where user works. The work area also contains work center groups, overview pages, email inbox, etc.The following is a list of all the components in a SAP CRM WebClient UI: ∙Header and Navigation bar∙Home page∙Work center page∙Search page∙Overview page∙Edit page∙Edit list page∙Search help dialog box∙Value help dialog box∙Personalization dialog box∙Freestyle application pageHeader AreaThe Header area is at the top and its position is fixed in the SAP CRM Web Client. You can also set its height in the CRM as per your requirement.The following are the components that are present in the Header area: ∙System Links in sequence∙Work Area Title∙Page History∙Saved Searches17SAP CRMEnd of ebook previewIf you liked what you saw…Buy it from our store @ https://18。

sap abap面试题Introduction:在准备SAP ABAP面试时，对于常见的问题做好充分准备是非常重要的。

本文将提供一些常见的SAP ABAP面试题及其答案，以帮助读者更好地准备面试。

1. 什么是 SAP ABAP?SAP ABAP（Advanced Business Application Programming）是一种高级业务应用程序编程语言，用于开发和定制SAP应用程序。

2. 请简要介绍 ABAP Workbench。

ABAP Workbench是用于开发、维护和管理SAP应用程序的综合开发环境。

它提供了各种工具和功能，如ABAP编辑器、数据字典、屏幕绘制器等。

3. ABAP程序的结构是怎样的？一个典型的ABAP程序包括一系列的语句块，其中最常见的是“DATA”、“TYPES”、“SELECT”、“LOOP”以及“END”等。

其中，“DATA”部分用于声明变量，而“TYPES”部分用于定义数据类型。

4. 请解释一下 ABAP数据字典。

ABAP数据字典是一个中央的数据定义和管理工具，用于创建和维护数据结构（表、视图、数据类型等）。

它还控制与数据相关的安全性和完整性。

5. 在 SAP 中，什么是交付单（Delivery）？交付单是用于分发和运输SAP应用程序和支持包的工具。

它用于将自定义程序和配置更改从开发系统转移到测试和生产系统。

6. 如何处理 ABAP Debugging？ABAP Debugging是在程序执行期间通过逐行执行代码以进行故障排除和调试的过程。

我们可以通过在调试模式下运行程序并使用断点进行调试。

7. 解释一下 SAP ABAP Monitoring和 Tuning。

SAP ABAP Monitoring用于监控系统中ABAP程序的执行情况，如性能、内存使用情况等。

Tuning则是根据监控结果对ABAP程序进行优化和调整，以提高性能和效率。

8. 如何在 SAP ABAP 中进行异常处理？在ABAP中，我们可以使用TRY...CATCH语句块来处理异常。

SAP Premium Engagement Support Services Description (“PESSD”)SAP高级约定支持服务说明（以下简称“PESSD”）。

SAP Premium Engagement Support Services are in addition to the services provided under the Support Schedule, and may provide professional expertise onsite and/or remotely to assist Licensee in driving continuous business improvement within Licensee’s lines of business, supporting implementation and innovation projects via industry best-practice solution provisioning using SAP’s Innovation Control Center approach and/or to assist Licensee in the handling of orchestration and operations of Licensee’s system landscape using SAP’s Operation Control Center approach, to identify and proactively address top issues in implementation, upgrade and operations.除支持协议中提供的服务之外，SAP高级约定支持服务还包括提供现场和/或远程专业技术，旨在协助被许可方实现其业务线范围内业务的持续改进；通过采用SAP创新控制中心方法部署行业最佳实践解决方案，支持实施与创新项目；和/或采用SAP运维控制中心方法，协助被许可方处理系统架构中的协同和运维，以识别和主动解决实施、升级和运行过程中出现的首要问题。

SAP基础快速指南SAP基礎 - 概述SAP Basis是指SAP系統的治理，包括安裝和配置，負載平稳和在Java堆疊和SAP ABAP上運行的SAP應用程式的性能等活動。

這包括在SAP系統環境中維護與資料庫，作業系統，應用程式和Web伺服器相關的不同服務，以及停止和啟動系統。

SAP Basis治理員的要紧職責包括-•系統安裝和配置•伺服器上的負載平稳•不同元件的性能治理•治理介面和與伺服器集成•治理伺服器和不同的服務在SAP Basis的説明下，不同的SAP模組〔如財務會計，生產計畫，銷售和分銷，SAP EWM和其他模組〕能够相互集成和溝通。

SAP Basis支援在不同作業系統〔如Windows，Unix，AS / 400等〕和不同資料庫〔如SQL Server，Oracle，後端資料庫的IBM DB2〕上安裝和配置SAP應用程式。

該圖定義了涉及SAP基礎顧問角色的關鍵活動。

SAP差不多顧問的角色分為以下幾類：解決方案專家解決方案專家負責-•升級SAP版本的系統架構•SAP資料備份存檔•作業系統和資料庫的遷移•安裝AP / Add On介面分析介面分析師負責-•配置和設置不同模組之間的介面系統治理員系統治理員負責-•監控SAP系統和模組的性能•維護SAP系統運行狀況並執行運行狀況檢查SAP資料庫治理員SAP資料庫治理員負責-•備份和恢復SAP系統的資料庫•治理資料庫物件傳輸和批次處理作業治理員運輸和批次處理作業治理員負責-•治理批次處理作業調度和複製•在系統環境中治理SAP Control Control訪問DDIC經理DDIC經理負責-•治理對資料字典的更换SAP架構師SAP架構師負責-•在SAP系統中設計工作和資料流程•治理SAP大小SAP ABAP專家SAP ABAP專家負責-•ABAP程式的疑難排解和調優•根據SAP對程式應用更正•ABAP程式的編碼和定制根據要求事務代碼有各種事務代碼〔T代碼〕，SAP基礎治理員用於執行分配的任務。

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