2019—2020学年第一学期译林版高一年级英语模块一语法专题—定语从句易错题整理

定语从句（二）考情分析关系副词在高考中的考点主要是：关系副词when,where,why引导定语从句，在从句中作状语，可以根据情况转换成“介词+which”一、关系副词引导的定语从句当定语从句中不缺少主语、宾语或表语时，用关系副词when,where或why引导定语从句。

此时，如果先行词指时间，用when，指地点用where，指原因用why。

【关系副词引导的定语从句】牢记关系词的三个作用：（1)引导定语从句(2)代替先行词(3)在其所修饰的定语从句中担当成分关系代词引导定语从句时，在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语或定语关系副词引导定语从句时，在从句中充当状语关系副词=介词+关系代词why =for whichwhere=in/at/on/...which(介词同先行词或谓语动词搭配）when=at/during/on/in/...which(介词同先行词或谓语动词搭配）1.where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。

The place where were to have the Speech Contest has not been decided yet.我们举行演讲比赛的地点还未定下来。

That is a beautiful campus where I made a lot of dreams.那是一座我曾经在那儿有过许多梦想的美丽的校园。

2.when引导定语从句表示时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。

He came at a time when we needed help他在我们需要人帮忙的时候来了。

We don't know the exact time when the English Evening will be held.我们不知道英语晚会举行的确切时间。

3.why指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。

He didn't tell her the reason why he was so happy.他没有告诉她为什么他那么高兴。

非限制性定语从句考情分析高考命题中，大多数定语从句的考点出现在非限制性定语从句中。

一、非限制性定语从句定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。

限制性定语从句把它的先行词限定在特定的意义之内，对先行词起限定的作用，是先行词必不可少的修饰语。

非限制性定语从句不对先行词起限定的作用，不是先行词必不可少的修饰语，只对先行词起补充说明的作用，没有它，整个句子的意思不会受到影响，仍然完整。

非限制性定语从句和它的先行词之间通常要用逗号隔开；而限制性定语从句和它的先行词之间不能用逗号隔开。

非限制性定语从句中除了不用that以外，其他关系词都可使用，使用方法与限制性定语从句一样。

The supermarket,which was opened two months ago,is now closed down.两个月前开的那家超市，现在已经倒闭了。

The book,which you're reading,is mine.你正在读的那本书是我的。

Nanjing,where I lived for five years,is very hot in summer.南京夏天非常热，我在那里生活了五年。

Your father,whom I respect very much,is a kind old man.你父亲是个很和善的老人，我很尊重他。

以下情况只能用which，不能用that:引导非限制性定语从句(包括指代整个主句的意思时)；介词+关系代词的结构中。

巧记：非限制性定语从句不用that。

【基本用法】（1)限制性定语从句因与先行词关系密切，所以不可以用逗号将其与主句隔开；而非限制性定语从句与先行词关系不十分密切，所以可以用逗号将其与主句隔开。

Do you remember the girl who taught us English? 你还记得教我们英语的那个女孩儿吗？My new car,for which I paid several thousand dollars, isn't running well.我花了几千美元买的新车不好开。

牛津高中英语－模块一第一单元一定语从句：定语从句的介绍1．就像是一个形容词或介词短语修饰名词一样，定语从句也可以修饰名词。

定语从句所修饰的名词称为先行词。

形容词：The green team介词短语：The team in green定语从句：The team who were wearing green2．定语从句通常由关系代词来引导，如which,that, who, whom, whose,或关系副词来引导，如when,where, why。

关系代词可以在定语从句中担当主语，宾语，表语，定语；关系副词可以在定语从句中担当状语。

如：做主语The trees which are on the school campus have lost their leaves.做宾语The student whom we saw just now is the best runner in ourschool.做表语Jack is no longer the lazy boy that he used to be.做定语She has a brother whose name I can’t remember.做状语The school where he studied is in Shenzhen.二定语从句：关系代词：that，which，who，whom，和whose1．在定语从句中，that和which用来指代物。

如：This is the story that /which we wrote for our storytelling contest.2．在定语从句中，who用来指代人。

如：I am going to see a friend who has just come back from the UK.3．当who在定语从句中做宾语时，可以用whom来取代，且whom比who更正式。

如：I don’t know the name of the teacher who/whom I saw in the computerroom the other day.4．当关系代词在定语从句中做宾语时，who，whom，which和that可以被省略。

高中英语定语从句语法易错点整理及解析定语从句引导定语从句的关系代词有that,which,who（宾格whom），所有格whose）和关系副词where when why等，关系代词或关系副词在定语从句中充当一个成分，关系代词that，which,who,whom 等在从句中分别作主语或宾语，whose在从句中作定语，而关系副词when,where,why等在从句中作状语。

例如：① I will never forget the days when/in which we worked together.② I will never forget the days which/that we spent together.解析在句①中，表示时间的名词the days在从句中充当的是状语，所以用关系副词when来代指，引导定语从句修饰先行词the days；而在句②中，表示时间的名词the days在从句中充当的是动词spent的宾语，所以用关系代词that或which来代指。

同样，表示地点或原因的名词如果在从句中作状语，则用关系副词where或why来代指；如果在从句中作动词的宾语，则用which 或that来代替。

例如：① This is the factory where/in which I worked.（作状语）② This is the factory that/which I visited years ago.（作宾语）注：当先行词为time,reason,place时，引导词可以省略。

例如：① This was the first(when/what)I had serious trouble with my boss.② That is the reason(why)I did it.③This is the place(where)we met yesterday.另外，定语从句中谓语动词数应与先行词数一致。

定语从句(一)考情分析定语从句是英语中最为重要的语法，是中国人学习英语的难点之一，也是高考的常客。

其热点考查内容如下：一、在完形填空中通过定语从句考查先行词的选择；在阅读理解中考查对定语从句的理解和与其他各种从句在意义上的转换；三、在语法填空和短文改错中直接考查对关系词的选择根据先行词派生的主谓一致，定语从句的时态等；四、在书面表达中考查通过定语从句给作文润色。

所谓从句，就是一个主谓结构，相当于整个句子(这样的句子叫复合句)的一个成分，因此，从句不能单独使用。

在复合句中修饰名词或代词，作定语的句子叫定语从句。

定语从句所修饰的词叫“先行词”，因为它总是处在定语从句的前头，比定语从句先行一步。

引导定语从句的词叫关系词，包括关系代词和关系副词。

下面通过两个实例来说明定语从句及其相关成分的分布情况：whom在从句中作宾语在从句中作主语一、关系代词概说关系词在定语从句的构成里起至关重要的作用。

我们甚至可以说，掌握不好关系词就无法掌握定语从句，也无法理解文中带有定语从句部分的意思。

因此，我们首先讨论一下关系词的有关问题。

定语从句中的关系词只有两类：关系代词和关系副词；没有连词。

也就是说，定语从句中的所有关系词不但都有具体的意义而且都在从句中担任一定的成分。

关系代词有who, whose,whom,that, which等，用来引导定语从句。

关系代词在定语从句中通常作主语、宾语、定语或表语；另一方面它们又代表主句中被定语从句所修饰的那个名词或代词(这样的名词和代词叫作先行词)。

关系代词图示1.关系代词：who,whom, whose, which,that等。

(1)vho用于代替“表示人的意义”的先行词，并且在从句中作主语；在现代英语里，也可取代whom在从句中作动词的宾语。

I have no idea about the man who wrote the article.我不认识写这篇文章的那个人。

(2)whom用于代替“表示人的意义”的先行词，并且在从句中作动词或介词的宾语。

牛津译林版高一英语上册模块一语法总结一、有关定语从句的一些要点I. 只能用“that”的情况1．先行词为anything/everything/all/any/little等不定代词时注：有时all/everything/anything + that定语从句= what+名词性从句（如宾语从句）We’ll do all (that) we can to help you （= what we can）The way he solved the problem was different from what we were used to.（=the way that we were used to）2．先行词前有序数词,最高级,all /any / the very / the right / the only修饰时3．先行词既有人又有物时We talked about the things and teachers that we all knew.4．引导词在从句中作表语时My hometown is no longer a small village that it used to be.(that在从句中做表语)5．避免重复时Who is the person that you want to see.II. 不能用that 的情况1.介词之后The prize for which he worked so hard was a new bicycle.非限制性定语从句中，“，”之后Football,which is a very interesting game, is played all over the world. III. whose的使用：既指人又指物，替代his, her, their, its及名词所有格(如：Tom’s/the school’s) The book, whose cover is broken, is not mine. (=the cover of which = of which the cover)IV. 先行词为表时间/地点/原因的名词时，用where, when, why还是用that/which若从句中被替代部分：作主语或宾语，用that/which;作状语, 用where/when/why (往往=“介词+which”)1．My sister works in a beautiful city, _where_there are a lot of parks. (=in which)2．The place_that/which_ interests the children most is Disneyland.(从句中作主语)3．I often thought of my childhood, when I lived on a farm. (替代in my childhood)4．Next winter,__which you’ll spend in Harbin, I’m sure, will be an exciting holiday.(作spend的宾语)5．Mary had to go to Beijing on business on June15, which h appened to be her son’s birthday.（作主语）6．This is the very reason __that_ you all know. (作know的宾语)V. as引导的定语从句，which指代一句话/一件事1．the same/as/such/so…as(定语从句):先行词前有“such/ so, the same/as ”修饰时，定语从句用“as”引导★比较：such /so…+名词＋as ( 定语从句, as起替代作用，从句结构不完整“象／如…的…”) such /so…+名词＋that (状语从句，从句结构完整“如此…以致于…”)Please lend me the same tool as was used the other day.Mr. Wang is so good a teacher as all the students love and respectMr. Wang is such a good teacher that all the students love and respect him 2．as引导非限制性定语从句，指代逗号前后的整个句子，可置于句首、句中或句末。

高中英语学习材料***鼎尚图文理制作***定语从句错题集锦1.The thought of going back home was ________ kept him happy while he was workingabroad.A. all thatB. allC. whichD. that2. ---Do you have anything to say for yourselves?--- Yes, there’s one point______ we must insist on.A. whyB. whereC. howD. /3. After graduation she reached a poiont in her career _______ she needed to decide what to do.A. thatB. whatC. whichD. where4. She’ll never forget her stay there ______ she found her son who had gone missing two years before. A. that B. which C. where D. when5. All the neighbors admire this family, ______ the parents are treating their child like a friend.A. whyB. whereC. whichD. when6. Later in this chapter cases will be introduced to readers _______ consumer complaints have resulted in changes in the law.A. whereB. whenC. whoD. which7. Occasions are quite rare ______ I have time to spend a day with my kids.A. whoB. whichC. whyD. when8. Those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity _______ sight matters more than hearing. A. when B. whose C. which D. where9. ---Is that the small town you often refer to?---Right, just the one _______ you know I used to work for years.A. thatB. whichC. whereD. what10. For many cities in the world, there is no room to spread out further, _______ New York is an example. A. for which B. in which C. of which D. above which11. Human facial expressions differ from those of animals in the degree _______ they can be controlled on purpose.A. with whichB. to whichC. of whichD. for which12. We saw several natives advancing towards our party, and one of them came up to us, _______ we gave some bells and glasses.A. to whichB. to whomC. with whomD. with which13. I saw a woman running toward me in the dark. Before I could recognize who she was, she had run back in the direction ________ she had come.A. of whichB. by whichC. in whichD. from which14. He regularly checked his secret drawers, ________ were stored some precious paintings and jewels. A. that B. which C. whom D. where15. Culture refers to a group or community _______ we share common experiences that shape the way we understand the world.A. with whichB. thatC. for whichD. what16. When people talk about the places of interest in China, the first _______ comes into mind is the Summer Palace.A. oneB. thatC. of themD. of which17. Is this research center ______ you visited the modern equipment last year?A. whereB. thatC. the one thatD. the one where18. The audience, ________ were students, enjoyed the performance.A. most of themB. most of whatC. most of whichD. most of whom19. Mr Little, ________ department Mr King worked, called at the hospital on the same evening.A. whoseB. in whoseC. in whichD. which20. ---Why does Jack prefer this lab?---Because here he is free to do his research _______ he wants.A. some wayB. any wayC. whatD. in which21. I, who ______ a friend of yours, will do all ________ I can to help you.A. am; whatB. is; /C. is; whatD. am; /22. About a thousand species of animals are in danger of extinction, and the rate _______ they are being destroyed has increased.A. whichB. thatC. by whichD. at which23. You’d better let the children read such books _______ will make them better and cleverer.A. whichB. thatC. whoD. as24. A war is so cruel that it always causes great losses, _______ has happened in Iraq and other countries. A. what B. which C. as D. it25. _______ I explained on the phone, your request will be considered at the next meeting.A. WhenB. AfterC. AsD. Since26. By serving others, a person focuses on someone other than himself or herself, _______ can be very eye-opening and rewarding.A. whoB. whichC. whatD. that27. We shouldn’t spend our money testing so many people, most of _______ are healthy.A. thatB. whichC. whatD. whom28. The course normally attracts 20 students per year, ________ up to half will be from overseas.A. in whomB. for whomC. with whomD. of whom29. Look out! Don’t get too close to the house _______ roof is under repair.A. whoseB. whichC. of whichD. what30. She cheated in the exam, _______ was more than we could expect.A. asB. whichC. thatD. it。