2020年职称英语新增文章：教材理工类第七篇

理工类职称英语新增标准化管理处编码[BBX968T-XBB8968-NNJ668-MM9N]【经典资料，ＷＯＲＤ文档，可编辑修改】【经典考试资料，答案附后，看后必过，ＷＯＲＤ文档，可修改】第八篇What Is a DreamFor centuries, people have wondered about the strange things that they dream about. Some psychologists say that this nighttime activity of the mind has no special meaning. Others，however， think that dreams are an important part of our lives. In fact, many experts believe that dreams can tell us about a person’s mind and emotions.Before modern times, many people thought that dreams contained messages from God. It was only in the twentieth century that people started to study dreams in a scientific way.The Austrian psychologist, Sigmund Freud，was probably the first person to study dreams scientifically. In his famous book, The interpretation of Dreams (1900), Freud wrote that dreams are an expression of a person’s wishes. He believed that dreams allow people to express the feelings, thoughts, and fears that they are afraid to express in real life. 1The Swiss psychiatrist Carl Jung，however，had a different idea about dreams. Jung believed that the purpose of a dream was to communicate a message to the dreamer. He thought people could learn more about themselves by词汇：psychologist/sakl?dst /n．心理学家psychiatrist/sai'kai?trst/n．精神病学家(医生)Austrian /strn /adj．奥地利的gender /dend/ n．性别注释：．Sigmund Freud西格蒙德弗洛伊德（1856—1939)，犹太人，奥地利精神病医生及精神分析学家。

2008年职称英语等级考试教材理工类新增内容完整版第七篇Moderate earthquake strikes EnglandModerate earthquake strikes EnglandA moderate earthquake struck parts of southeast England on 28 April 2007, toppling chimneys from houses and rousing residents from their beds. Several thousand people were left without power1 in Kent County2. One woman suffered minor head and neck injuries."It felt as if the whole house was being slid across like a fun-fair ride3," said the woman.The British Geological Survey said the 4.3-magnitude quake4 struck at 8:19 a.m. and was centered under the English Channel5, about 8.5 miles south of Dover6 and near the entrance to the Channel Tunnel7.Witnesses said cracks appeared in walls and chimneys collapsed across the county. Residents said the tremor had lasted for about 10 to 15 seconds."I was lying in bed and it felt as if someone had just got up from bed next to me," said Hendrick van Eck, 27, of Canterbury8 about 60 miles southeast of London. "I then heard the sound of cracking, and it was getting heavier and heavier9. It felt as if someone was at the end of my bed hopping up and down."There are thousands of moderate quakes on this scale around the world each year, but they are rare in Britain. The April 28 quake was the strongest in Britain since 2002 when a 4. 8-magnitude quake struck the central England city of Birmingham10.The country's strongest earthquake took place in the North Sea in 1931, measuring 6.1 on the Richter scale11. British Geological Survey scientist Roger Musson said the quake took place on 28 April in an area that had seen several of the biggest earthquakes ever to strike Britain, including one in 1580 that caused damage in London and was felt in France12. Musson predicted that it was only a matter of time13before another earthquake struck this part of England. However, people should not be scared too mush by this prediction, Musson said, as the modern earthquake warning system of Britain should be able to detect a forthcoming quake and announce it several hours before it takes place. This would allow time for people to evacuate and reduce damage to the minimum.词汇：moderate / m d r t/ adj. 中等的magnitude / m n tju:d/ n. 值，强度量topple / t pl/ v. 倾倒，震倒tremor / trem / n. 震动rouse /r z/ v. 唤醒hop /h p/ v. 齐足跳起fun-fair / f n fe / n. 公共露天游乐场scale /sk l/ n. 震级forthcoming / f : k m / adj. 即将来临的evacuate / v kju t/ v. 疏散geological / d l d k l/ adj. 地质的注释:1.power：电力2.Kent County：肯特郡[位于英格兰东南部]3.It felt as if the whole house was being slid across like a fun-fair ride：它(地震)给人的感觉是整幢房子就像游乐场的滑行机一样在滑动。

2020年职称英语《理工类》概括大意练习（3）1 If a super-flu strikes,face masks may not protect you. Whether widespread use of masks will help,or harm,during the next worldwide flu outbreak is a question that researchers are studying furiously. No results have come from their mask research yet. However,the government says people should consider wearing them in certain situations anyway,just in case1.2 But it's a question the public keeps asking while the government are making preparations for the next flu pandemic. So the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention （CDC）came up with2 preliminary guidelines. "We don't want people wearing them everywhere，" said the CDC. "The overall recommendation really is to avoid exposure."3 When that's not possible3,the guidelines say to consider wearing a simple surgical mask if you are in one of the three following situations. First,you're healthy andcan't avoid going to a crowded place. Second,you're sick and think you may have close contact with the healthy,such as a family member checking on you4. Third,you live with someone who's sick and thus might be in the early stages of infection,but still need to go out.4 Influenza pandemics can strike when the easy-to-mutate flu virus shifts to a strain that people never have experienced. Scientists cannot predict when the next pandemic will arrive,although concern is rising that the Asian birdflu might trigger one if it starts spreading easily from person to person.5 During the flu pandemic,you should protect yourself. Avoid crowds,and avoid close contact with the sick unless you must care for someone. Why aren't masks added to this self-protection list？ Because they can help trap virus-laden droplets flying through the air with a cough or sneeze. Simple surgical masks only filter the larger droplets. Besides,the CDC is afraid masks may create a false sense of security. Perhaps someone who should have stayed home would don an ill-fitting mask and hop on the subway5 instead.6 Nor does flu only spread through the air6. Say7 someone covers a sneeze with his or her hand,then touches a doorknob or subway pole8. If you touch that spot next and then put germy hands on your nose or mouth,you've been exposed. It's harder to rub your nose while wearing a mask and so your face may get pretty sweaty under masks. You reach under to wipe that sweat,and may transfer germs caught on the outside of the mask straight to the nose. These are the problems face masks may create for their users.7 Whether people should or should not use face masksstill remains a question. The general public has to wait patiently for the results of the mask research scientists are still doing.练习：1.Paragraph 2 _________.2.Paragraph 3 _________.3.Paragraph 5 _________.4.Paragraph 6 _________.A Reasons for Excluding Masks from the Self-protection ListB Effort to Stop Flu from SpreadingC When to Use Face MasksD Guidelines on Mask UseE Warnings from the CDCF Danger of Infection through Germy Hands and Masks5.The scientists are trying to find out if masks may or may not _________.6.The CDC is afraid that the public may _________.7.The public will not know the answer about masks until scientists _________.8.We can infer from the passage that the US authorities _________.A overuse face masksB deal with the mask problem seriouslyC rub their faces and noses in the subwayD protest against the mask guidelinesE help protect people from being attacked by a fluF announce the results of their mask research答案与题解：1.D 第二段说美国疾病控制和预防中心出台口罩使用原则，防止公众过度使用口罩。

职称英语考试《理工类》章节练习题精选及答案0517-661、The Threat to KiribatiThe people of Kiribati are afraid that one day in the not-too-distant future, their country will disappear from the face of the earth-literally. Several times this year, the Pacific island nation has been flooded by a sudden high tide. These tides, which swept across the island and destroyed houses, came when there was neither wind nor rain. "This never happened before," say the older citizens of Kiribati.What is causing these mysterious high tides? The answer may well be global warming. When fuels like oil and coal are being burned, pollutants (污染物) are released. These pollutants trap heat in the earth's atmosphere. Warmer temperatures cause water to expand and also create more water by melting glaciers (冰川) and polar (极地的) ice caps.If the trend continues, scientists say, many countries will suffer, Bangladesh, for example, might lose one-fifth of its land. The coral (珊瑚) island nations of the Pacific, like Kiribati and theMarshall Islands, however, would face an even worse fate-they would be swallowed by the sea. The loss of these coral islands would be everyone's loss. Coral formations are home to more species than any other place on earth.The people of these nations feel frustrated. The sea, on which their economies have always been based, is suddenly threatening their existence. They don't have the money for expensive technological solutions like seawalls. And they have no control over the pollutants, which are being released mainly by activities in large industrialized countries. All they can do is to hope that industrialized countries will take steps to reduce pollution.The people of Kiribati worry that one day their country will be taken away by a sudden high tide.【单选题】A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned正确答案:A答案解析:题干大意：基里巴斯人民担心也许有一天他们的国家会被一个突然的高潮卷走。

Primer on Smell嗅觉入门In addition to bringing out the flavor of food, what does the sense of smell do for us?嗅觉除了能让我们感受到食物的气味外，还能做什么？Smell “gives us information about place, about where we are,” says Randall Reed, a Johns Hopkins University professor whose specialty is the sense of smell. And smell tells us about people.“Whether we realize it or not, we collect a lot of information about who is around us based on smell,” says Reed.美国约翰霍普金斯大学研究嗅觉的专家Randall Reed教授指出，气味能提供给我们关于位置，关于我们在哪儿，以及有关人的信息。

“无论我们是否意识到，我们能根据气味收集到许多关于谁在我们身边的信息”， Reed讲道。

Even at a distance, odors can warn us of trouble —spoiled food, leaking gas, or fire. “It’s a great alert,” offers Donald Leopold, a doctor at Johns Hopkins. For example, if something in the oven is burning, everyone in the house knows it.即使还隔着一段距离，气味就能提醒我们注意很多麻烦：变质的食物，煤气泄漏，或是火灾。

职称英语理工类C级新增文章文稿归稿存档编号：[KKUY-KKIO69-OTM243-OLUI129-G00I-FDQS58-MG129]【经典资料，ＷＯＲＤ文档，可编辑修改】【经典考试资料，答案附后，看后必过，ＷＯＲＤ文档，可修改】2015年职称英语理工类C级新增文章完形填空（2篇）第三篇 Germs on Banknotes第十篇Chicken Soup for the Soul：Comfort Food FightsLoneliness阅读理解（2篇）第六篇 Making Light of1 Sleep第十九篇 Graphene's Superstrength1第三篇 Germs on BanknotesPeople in different countries use different types of 1 yuan in China, pesos in Mexico, pounds in the United Kingdom, dollars in the United States, Australia and New Zealand. They may use 2 currencies, but these countries, and probably all countries, still have one thing in common1: Germs on the banknotes.Scientists have been studying the germs on money for well over2 100 years. At the turn of the 20th 3 , some researchers began to suspect that germs living on money could spread disease.Most studies of germy money have looked at the germs on the currency 4 one country. In a new study, Frank Vriesekoop3 and other researchers compared the germ populations found on bills of different 5 .。

职称英语考试《理工类》章节练习题精选及答案0517-111、Science Fiction1 Amongst the most popular books being written today are those that are usually classified asscience fiction. Hundreds of titles are published every year and are read by all kinds of people.Furthermore, some of the most successful films of recent years have been based on science fiction stories.2 It is often thought that science fiction is a fairly new development in literature, but its ancestors can be found in books written hundreds of years ago. These books were often concerned with the presentation of some forms of ideal society,a theme that is still often found in modern stories.3 Most of the classics of science fiction, however, have been written within the last hundred years. Books by writers such as Jules Verve and H. G Wells, to mention just two well known authors, have been translated into many languages.4 Modern science fiction writers don't write about men from Mars or space adventure stories. They are more interested in predicting the results of technical developments on society and the human mind; or in imagining future worlds that are a reflection of the world that we live in now. Because of this their writing has obvious political undertones (涵义).5 In an age where science fact frequently overtakes (超过) science fiction, the writers may find it difficult to keep ahead of scientific advances. Those who are sufficiently clear-sighted to see the way we are going, however, may provide a valuable lesson on how to deal with the problems which society will inevitably face as it tries to master its new technology.Works of modern science fiction have____.【单选题】A.concerned with the problems that we will have to solve in the futureB.reading books of science fictionC.political implicationD.a recurrent themeE.read worldwideF.translated into many languages正确答案:C答案解析:本题答案的依据在第4段最后一句，该句说Because of this their writing has obvious political undertones （由于这一原因，他们的作品带有明显的政治涵义）。

2020年职称英语《理工类》概括大意练习（5）1 A few countries are using powerful electromagnets to develop high-speed trains,called maglev trains.Maglev isshort for magnetic levitation 1 ,which means that thesetrains float over a guide way using the basic principles of magnets to replace the old steel wheel and track trains.2 If you've ever played with magnets,you know that opposite poles attract and like poles repel each other2.This is the basic principle behind electromagneticpropulsion.Electromagnets are similar to other magnets inthat they attract metal objects,but the magnetic pull is temporary.You can easily create a small electromagnetyourself by connecting the ends of a copper wire to the positive and negative ends of an AA-cell battery3.Thiscreates a small magnetic field.If you disconnect either endof the wire from the battery,the magnetic field is taken away.3 The magnetic field created in this wire-and-battery experiment is the simple idea behind a maglev train rail system.There are three components to this system： A large electrical power source,metal coils lining a guide way or track,and large guidance magnets attached to the underside of the train.4 The big difference between a maglev train and a conventional train is that maglev trains do not have an engine —— at least not the kind of engine used to pull typical train cars along steel tracks4.The engine for maglev trains is rather innoticeable.Instead of using fossilfuels,the magnetic field created by the electrified coils inthe guideway walls and the track combines to propel thetrains5.5 The magnetized coil running along the track,called a guideway,repels the large magnets on the train's undercarriage,allowing the train to levitate between 1 to 10 cm above the guideway.Once the train is levitated,power is supplied to the coils within the guideway walls to create a unique system of magnetic fields that pull and push~ th train along the guideway.The electric current supplied to the coils in the guideway walls is constantly alternating to change the polarity of the magnetized coils.This change in polarity causes the magnetic field in front of the train to pull the vehicle forward,while the magnetic field behind the train adds more forward thrust.6 Maglev trains float on a cushion of air',eliminating friction.This lack of friction allows these trains to reach unprecedented ground transportation speeds of more than 500 kph,or twice as fast as the fastest conventional train.At 500 kph,you could travel from Paris to Rome in just over two hours.练习：1.Paragraph 32.Paragraph 43.Paragraph 54.Paragraph 6A The Main Components of the Maglev Train SystemB High-speed Maglev due to Zero FrictionC The Working Principle of the Maglev TrainD Differences between Polarity and Magnetic FieldE Comparison of Maglev Trains with Traditional OnesF Maglev with a Powerful Motor5.Several countries in the world are using strong electromagnets6.You can connect a wire to the positive and negative ends of a battery .7.A unique system of magnetic fields is created by the coils8.The frictionless maglev train enables youA to develop a maglev train rail systemB To explain why maglev trains are fasterC to pull and push the train forwardD to create a magnetic fieldE to experiment with the maglev trainF to travel from Paris to Rome in about two hours答案与题解：1.A 第三段了举了磁浮列车的三个组成部分，动力源、金属线圈和此贴。

2020年职称英语考试真题理工类C （阅读理解）第三部分：概况大意与完成句子New research lights the way to super-fast computers1) New research published today in the journal Nature Communications, has demonstrated how glass can be manipulated to create a material that will allow computers to transfer information using light. This development could significantly increase computer processing speeds and power in the future.2) The research by the University of Surrey, in collaboration with the University of Cambridge and the University of Southampton, has found it is possible to change the electronic properties of amorphous chalcogenides, a glass material integral to data technologies such as CDs and DVDs. By using a technique called ion doping, the team of researchers have discovered a material that could use light to bring together different computing functions into one component, leading to all-optical systems.3) Computers currently use electrons to transfer information and process applications. On the other hand, data sources such as the internet rely on optical systems; the transfer of information using light. Optical fibres are usedto send information around the world at the speed of light, but these signals then have to be converted to electrical signalsonce they reach a computer, causing a significant slowdown in processing.4) "The challenge is to find a single material that can effectively use and control light to carry information arounda computer. Much like how the web uses light to deliver information, we want to use light to both deliver and process computer data,"said project leader, Dr Richard Curry of the University of Surrey.5) "This has eluded researchers for decades, but now we have now shown how a widely used glass can be manipulated to conduct negative electrons, as well as positive charges, creating what are known as 'pn-junction' devices. This should enable the material to act as a light source, a light guide and a light detector - something that can carry and interpret optical information. In doing so, this could transform the computers of tomorrow, allowing them to effectively process information at much faster speeds."6) The researchers expect that the results of this research will be integrated into computers within ten years. In the short term, the glass is already being developed and used in next-generation computer memory technology known as CRAM, which may ultimately be integrated with the advances reported.23. ______________ Paragraph 224. ______________ Paragraph 325. ______________ Paragraph 426. ______________ Paragraph 5A. Expectation of the discoveryB. the problem of current computersC. A new findingD. The purpose of the researchE. Public reaction to the discoveryF. The use of the new material27. _____ The result of the research can help computers toincrease ____28. ________________________________________ Current computers transfer information using _________________29. ____________________ The new glass material makes it possible to fulfill different computing function30. Glass is used in the research to carry and processA. optical informationB. processing speedsC. electronsD. positive chargesE. data technologiesF. all-optical systemsWhy Buy Shade-Grown Coffee?When people argue about whether coffee is good for health, they're usually thinking of the health of the coffee drinker. Is it food for your heart? Does it increase blood pressure? Does it help you concentrate? However, coffee affects the health of the human population in other ways, too.。

2012-职称英语理工类教材新增内容第四＋五篇Small But WiseOn December 14, NASA1 blasted a small but mighty telescope into space. The telescope is called WISE and is about as wide around as a trashcan. Don't let its small size fool you: WISE has a powerful digital camera, and it will be taking pictures of some the wildest objects2 in the known universe, including asteroids, faint stars, blazing galaxies3and giant clouds of dust where planets and stars are born."I'm very excited because we're going to be seeing parts of the universe that we haven't seen before, "said Ned Wright, a scientist who directs the WISE project.Since arriving in space, the WISE telescope has been circling the Earth, held by gravity in a polar orbit4 (this means it crosses close to the north and south poles with each lap5). Its camera is pointed outward, away from the Earth, and WISE will snap a picture of a different part of the sky every 11 minutes. After six months it will have taken pictures across the entire sky.The pictures taken by WISE won't be like everyday digital photographs, however. WISE stands for "Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer." As its name suggests, the WISE camera takes pictures of features that give off infrared radiation6.Radiation is energy that travels as a wave. Visible light, including the familiar spectrum of light7 that becomes visible in a rainbow, is an example of radiation. When an ordinary digital camera takes a picture of a tree, for example, it receives the waves of visible light that are reflected off the tree. When these waves enter the camera through the lens, they're processed by the camera, which then puts the image together.Waves of infrared radiation are longer than waves of visible light, so ordinary digital cameras don't see them, and neither do the eyes of human beings. Although invisible to the eye, longer infrared radiation can be detected as warmth by the skin.That's a key idea to why WISE will be able to see things other telescopes can't. Not everything in the universe shows up in visible light. Asteroids, for example, are giant rocks that float through space — but they absorb most of the light that reaches them. They don't reflect light, so they're difficult to see. But they do give off infrared radiation, so an infrared telescope like WISE will be able to produce images of them. During its mission WISE will take pictures of hundreds of thousands of asteroids.Brown dwarfs8 are another kind of deep-space object that will show up in WISE's pictures. These objects are "failed" stars — which means they are not massive enough to jump start9 the same kind of reactions that power stars such as the sun. Instead, brown dwarfs simply shrink and cool down. They're so dim that they're almost impossible to see with visible light, but in the infrared spectrum they glow.词汇：trashcan / 'træʃ,kæn/n．垃圾箱infrared/'infrə'red/ adj．红外线asteroid/'æstərɔid/ n.小行星dwarf/dwɔ:f/ n. 矮星注释：1.NASA （美国国家航空航天局）是缩写词，全称是National Aeronautics and Space Administration。