中考英语形容词和副词用法总结
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形容词和副词用法总结及练习
一、形容词:
(一)概念:形容词修饰名词,说明事物或人的性质或特征,通常分成两类:
1. 直接说明事物的性质或特征的形容词是性质形容词。
2. 叙述形容词只能作表语,所以又称为表语形容词,大多数以a开头的形容词都属于这一类。
例如:afraid, asleep, awake, alone, alive, awake, ashamed, alike。
其他常见表语形容词:worth, ready, sorry, well
(二)形容词在句中的位置:有的形容词放在被修饰的名词之前,称为前置形容词;少数形容词放在被修饰的名词之后,称为后置形容词。
1)当名词被多个前置形容词修饰时,形容词之间有一个先后顺序问题。一般规则为:
(限定词)→一般描绘性形容词→表示大小、长短、高低的形容词→表示年龄、新旧的形容词→表示国籍、地区、出处的形容词→表示物质、材料的形容词→(名词)。如:
There is a famous fine old stone bridge near the village.
2)【重点】当形容词词组相当于一个定语从句时,或形容词用来修饰somebody, something, anything, nothing 等的时候,便会出现后置形容词。如:
The boy interested in music is my brother. Do you have anything interesting to tell us?
二、副词:
(一)概念:用以修饰动词、形容词或其他副词的词叫做副词。例如:not(不),here(这里),now(现在)。不少副词同时也可用作介词或其它词类。如:
Have you read this book before? (副词,作时间状语)
是介词短语,作时间状语)
He will arrive before ten o’clock.
(介词,before ten o’clock
(二)副词的种类
1、时间副词:
now! 现在开始下雨了!
1)表示发生时间的副词:It’s beginning to rain
2)表示频繁程度的副词,也称频度副词:always, often, usually, sometimes, never, ever, hardly等
一般位于系动词、情态动词和助动词之后,实义动词之前: She often changes her mind.
3)还有一些其他表示时间的副词:He has just had an operation. 他刚动过手术。
2、地点副词:
1)表示地点的副词:She is studying abroad. 她在国外留学。
2)以where 构成的副词也是地点副词:It’s the same
everywhere. 到处都一样。
3、【重点】方式副词
1)英语中有大量方式副词,说明行为方式(回答how的问题):How beautifully your wife dances.
2)表示情绪的副词:She smiled gratefully.
3)还有一些以-ly结尾的副词,表示动作发生的状况:He left the town secretly.
4、【重点】程度副词和强调副词
1)程度副词可修饰动词,表示“到某种程度”:Is she badly hurt? 她伤得重吗?
[说明] 这类副词除修饰动词外,还可修饰形容词(a)或另一副词(b):
a. fairly simple 相当简单quite correct 完全正确
b. wonderfully well 好极了do it very quickly 干得很快
2)【重点】much 是一个特殊的程度副词,它可以:
a. 修饰形容词等:I’m not much good at singing.
b. 修饰比较级:You sing much better than me. Their house is much nicer than ours.
5. 【重点】疑问副词和连接副词
1)疑问副词:疑问副词用来引导特殊问句:
2)连接副词:连接副词意思和词形都和疑问副词一样,但都引导从句或与不定式连用:
how: Do you know how to start this machine? 你知道这台机器怎样启动吗?
我不知道他住在哪儿。(引导宾语从句)
where: I don’t know where he lives.
6. 一些其它类型的副词,如表示方向的副词:Let’s go inside. Take two steps forward.
(三)副词的位置
1. 副词修饰动词时,通常可以放在句首、句中或句末。如:
Usually I do my homework in the evening. (句首)
I often get up at six. (句中) Please speak slowly.
2. 副词修饰形容词或副词时,通常放在形容词或副词的前面如:
These flowers are quite beautiful. (在形容词前)这些花相当漂亮。
He works very hard. (在副词前)他工作很努力。
▲ 但也有例外,如:She is old enough to go to school. (在形容词后)她已到了上学的年龄。
3. 按一般规则, 既有地点状语又有时间状语时,地点状语应放在时间状语之前。如:
We had a meeting in the classroom yesterday afternoon. 我们昨天下午在教室开了一个会。
He watched TV at home last night. 他昨晚在家看电视。
常见形容词用法比较
1.elder 和older
①elder为"年长的",只指人,用来比较年龄长幼,尤指兄弟姐妹的长幼关系,它只能用在名词前作定语,不能用于than引
导的比较状语从句中。如:Jordan has two elder brothers and an elder and a younger sister.
② older为"年龄较大的,较老的,较旧的",可指人,也可指物,作定语或表语,能用在than引导的比较状语从句中。My elder
brother is 7 years older than my younger sister.
2. good 和well
good和well都表示"好"。通常,作定语或表语时用good,作状语时用well;表示"身体好的"用well.
Doing sports is good for us. 做运动对我们有益。(作表语)
Sandy dances well and she is a good dancer. 桑迪舞跳得好,她是个出色的舞者。(well作状语,good作定语)
---How are you? ---I am very well. (作表语,表示"身体好的")
3. huge, big, large,和great
1) huge强调尺寸、体积"庞大"(指体积时,比large, great所指的体积大),容量和数量"巨大",不强调重量。
About ten years ago scientists from the United States found that the large object caused a huge hole in Mexico.
2) big最通俗、常用,强调比正常程度、范围及规模的标准大,修饰人、物或数量。反义词是little或small
My best friend is Xiao Li, but last week in school we had a big fight.
3) large强调远远超过标准的"大",可指数量、容量、体积和面积,比big正式,反义词是small.
So it is proved that the large object had a close relation with the death of dinosaurs and other animals.