牛津小学英语5A英语语法及练习
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牛津小学英语5A英语语法及练习(总11页)
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There be结构
1、 there be结构表示“某时、某地存在着什么事物或人”。这种句子结构中的there是一个引导词,本身没有词义。be是谓语动词,be根据后面所及主语的不同而用is或are,地点或时间通常放在句子的最后。
2、 there be结构中,be在人称和数上应该与主语保持一致。主语是不可数名词或单数可数名词时用is,是复数时用are。如:There is a book on the desk. There are some books on the desk.
3、 若句子中有几个并列的主语时,be的形式要与离其最近的一个主语在人称和数上保持一致,也就是通常所说的“就近原则”。如:
There is a boy, a girl and two women in the house. There are ten students and a teacher in the classroom.
4、 在陈述句中为了强调地点,也可将介词短语提到句首。如:In the tree there are five birds
5、There be的否定句:there be的否定句式通常在be动词后加not ,如果句中有some,要变成any。如:there are some children in the picture. 画上有一些小孩
6、There be的一般疑问句:仍然采用“一调二改三问号”的方法。把some变成any。
语法及练习8 There be 句型与have, has
There be 句型与have, has的区别
1、There be 句型表示:在某地有某物(或人)
2、在there be 句型中,主语是单数,be 动词用is ; 主语是复数,be 动词用are ; 如有几件物品,be 动词根据最*近be 动词的那个名词决定。
3、there be 句型的否定句在be 动词后加not , 一般疑问句把be 动词调到句首。
4、there be句型与have(has) 的区别:there be 表示在某地有某物(或人);have(has) 表示某人拥有某物。
5、some 和any 在there be 句型中的运用:some 用于肯定句, any 用于否定句或疑问句。 6、and 和or 在there be句型中的运用:and 用于肯定句, or 用于否定句或疑问句。
7、针对数量提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是: How many + 名词复数 + are there + 介词短语 How much +
不可数名词 + is there + 介词短语
8、针对主语提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是: What’s + 介词短语?
Fill in the blank with “have,has”or “there is , there are”
1. I________a good father and a good mother. 2. ____________a telescope on the desk.
3. He_________a tape-recorder. 4. _____________a basketball in the playground.
5. She__________some dresses. 6. They___________a nice garden.
7. What do you___________ 8. ______________a reading-room in the building?
9. What does Mike___________ 10. ______________any books in the bookcase?
11. My father_________a story-book. 12. _______________a story-book on the table.
13. _______________any flowers in the vase? 14. How many students____________in the classroom?
15. My parents___________some nice pictures. 16. _____________some maps on the wall.
17. ______________a map of the world on the wall. 18. David__________a telescope.
19. David’s friends___________some tents. 20. ______________many children on the hill.
Fill in the blank with “ have, has ”
1. I_________ a nice puppet. 2. He_________a good friend.
3. They__________ some masks. 4. We___________some flowers.
5. She___________ a duck. 6. My father____________ a new bike.
7. Her mother___________a vase. 8. Our teacher_________ an English book.
9. Our teachers___________a basketball. 10. Their parents___________some blankets
11. Nancy_________many skirts. 12. David__________some jackets.
13. My friends__________a football. 14. What do you__________
15. What does Mike__________ 16. What do your friends___________
17. What does Helen___________ 18. His brother________a basketball.
19. Her sister_________a nice doll. 20. Miss Li__________an English book.
现在进行时
1、现在进行时表示说话时正在进行或发生的动作,也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。结构:助动词 be ( am / is / are ) +现在分词。
2、现在分词的构成:
(1)大多数动词后可在动词后直接加-ing:sweep-sweeping;drink-drinking
(2)如果动词以不发音的e结尾,则去掉-e,再加-ing,:come-coming;have-having;make-making
(3)请记住,下列单词要双写最后的辅音字母:swim—swimming;let-letting;put-putting;run-running;sit-sitting;forget-forgetting
3、现在进行时的否定形式:主语+be(am/ is/are)+not +doing+其他成分
I am not singing. They aren’t writing. 4、现在进行时的一般疑问句及回答:be(am/ is/are)+ 主语+doing+其他成分
Am I singing Yes, you are . / No, you aren’t.
Are they writing Yes, they are. / No, they aren’t.
5、现在进行时的特殊疑问句及回答:特殊疑问词+be(am/ is/are)+主语+doing+其他成分
What are you doing We are playing basketball.
6、现在进行时表示现在正在发生的事情,往往与now、look、listen等词连用。
We are waiting for you now. What are you doing?
Look! He is opening the window.
一般现在时
1、动词第三人称词形变化(与名词的复数相近)
多数在动词后加s:play-plays;like-likes;
以s,x,sh,ch,o结尾的动词加es:go-goes;wash—washes;
以辅音字母加y结尾,把y改i再加es:fly-flies;study—studies。
2、动词be和 have的变化形式
“我”用am,“你”用are,is用于“他、她、它”
除了第三人称单数用has外,其它人称一律用have。
如:I (We,You, They) have a pen. You have a pen. She (He) has a pen. .
3、否定句:主语+助动词(do/does) + not +动词原形+其它成分
He doesn’t have a dog. We don‘t like the little cat.
4、一般疑问句:助动词(do/does)+主语+动词原形 + 其它成分
Do you like it Yes, I do. / No. I don‘t.
Does he (she) like it Yes, he ( she )does. / No, he (she) doesn’t.
5、特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词 + 一般疑问句
What does he haveWhat do you do on Sunday?
代词
1、代词的种类:
(1)人称代词主格:I , you, he, she, it, we, you, they。在句子中作主语,通常放在句首。在疑问句中,通常放在第二位。如:I am a boy.
(2)人称代词宾格:me, you, him, her, it, us, you , them。在句子中作宾语,通常放在动词或者介词之后。Can you help me.
(3)物主代词:my, your, his, her, its, our, your, their。通常放在名词前,不能单独使用。
They are their teachers. Please give them some flowers.
(4)指示代词:this , that , these , those。前面两个表示单数,后面两个表示复数。如果作为限定词,都可以用the来替代。
(5)疑问代词:who, what, whose, which