中级口译资格证书第一阶段考试2004年3月&9月真题

英译中The shape of the world is changing almost as dramatically as this city's skyline. Today the cold war is over. The risk of the global nuclear conflict has been greatly reduced and the free flow of goods and ideas is bringing to life the concept of a global village. But just as all nations can benefit from the promise of this new world, no nation is immune to its perils. We all have a stake in building peace and prosperity, and in confronting threats that respects no borders—terrorism and drug trafficking, disease and environmental destruction. To meet these challenges most effectively, China and the United States must act in concert. Some argue that with the Cold War's end, the strategic importance of the US-China relationship has diminished. I believe they have it exactly backwards. As a new century begins, the importance of strengthening the ties between the United States and China will grow even greater.【参考译文】世界的面貌正在发生引人注目的变化，其变化之快几乎就象这座城市的空中轮廓。

2001年9月考题By the middle of this century, some two thirds of the worlds nation, with at least five billion people, will enjoy a standard of living, which only the advanced economies now have. Some three billion of these people will live in Asia. Collectively, the Asian Countries will have a larger economy than the rest of the world put togethe匸The rest of the world will have to react to this millennial economic shift to Asia, and to the rising power of China. The rest of the world will be divided between the Euro-American countries, and the two big peripheral powers, Japan and Russia. Russia is a huge geographical country, with well educated people, and will eventually recover.In terms of nations, it will be a world of much greater economic equality. Although there will still be poor countries, most will be quite rich. Inside these nations there will be mass prosperity, but with a large minority in serious poverty, and a small number who are very rich.2002年3月考题Foundations are tax-free institutions that are created to give grants to both individuals and nonprofit organizations for activities that range from education, research, and the arts to support for the poor and the upkeep of exotic gardens and old mansions. They provide a means by which wealthy people and corporations can in effect decide how their tax payments will be spent, for they are based on money that otherwise would go to the government in taxes. From a small beginning at the turn of the century they have become a very important factor in shaping developments in higher education and the arts.Think tanks and university research institutes are nonprofit organizations that have been developed to provide settings for experts in various academic disciplines- In this way, they may devote their time to the study of policy alternatives free from the teaching and departmental duties that are part of the daily routine for most members of the academic community. Supported by foundation grants and government contracts, they are a majorsource of the new ideas that are discussed in the policy・formation groups.2006年3月英语中级口译真题As a scourge of the modern society, obesity has become the world's biggest public-health issue today—the main cause of heart disease, which kills more people these days than AIDS, malaria, war. Si nce the World Health Organization labeled obesity an "epidemic” in 2000, reports on its fearful consequences have come thick and Fast.Will public-health warnings, combined with media pressure, persuade people to get thinner, just as they finally put them off tobacco? Possibly. In the rich world, sales of healthier foods are booming and new figures suggest that over the past year Americans got very slightly thinner for the first time in recorded history. But even if Americans are losing a few ounces, it will be many years before the country solves the health problems caused by half a century's dining to excess. And, everywhere else in the world, people are still piling on the pounds. That's why there is now a consensus among doctors that governments should do something to stop them.2008年3月英语中级口译真题Imagine you have two candidates for a job. Their CVs are equally good, and they both give good interview. You cannot help noticing, though, that one is pug-ugly and the other is handsome. Are you swayed by their appearance?If you were swayed by someone's looks, would that be wrong? In the past, people often equated beauty with virtue and ugliness with vice.Even now, the expression "as ugly as sin" has not quite passed from the language. There is, of course, the equally famous expression u beauty is in the eye of the beholderto counter it. Most beholders agree what is beautiful-and modern biology suggests there is a good reason for that agreement. Biology also suggests that beauty may, indeed, be a good rule of thumb for assessing someone of either sex. Not an infallible one, andcertainly no substitute for an in-depth investigation. But, nevertheless, an instinctive one, and one that is bound to contribute to the advantage of the physically well endowed.2008年9月英语中级口译真题In a slowing US economy, job opportunities are shaped by uncertainty. As president of a small college, I am keenly aware of the job market that awaits this yearns graduates. The recent news that Bear Stearns was nullifying a few hundred job offers to business school students fits a pattern of corporate downsizing that isrft lost on college campuses across the USA. But even with the darkening economic clouds, rays of good news await this yearns graduates. Sure, companies are laying off workers, but many are also looking for new talent, especially at the entry level.As more than a million entrants flood the job market, students should know that in a global marketplace, language skills will go a long way. So will flexibility. If a grad is ready to accept an entry-level job, give a little on job requirements and move if the company asks, chances are he'll land a job. So despite the rising job losses, a new graduate should embrace the market as the first challenge of a long career.2000年3月英语中级口译真题Information and communications are central to modern society and organizations. One approach to understand the working environment is to consider an organization as a communications system. An organization that has open lines of communication with valid, honest information going up, down, and throughout the organization will be much more effective and a much better place to work than the organization that attempts to restrict the flow of information or distort and deceive. When leadership attempts to keep workers in the dark, workers tend to become distrustful. This undermines their cooperation.It is easy to understand the value and importance of open, honest communications and valid information. Yet, few organizations are able to function in this manner. In the longrun, poor communication will undermine the entire organization. Restricting communication and distorting information are symptoms of short-range thinking. We must avoid these stupid, short-sighted traps and constantly strive for and open communications system with objective information.参考答案：信息和交流对现代社会和机构是非常重要的。

2004年3月高口笔试参考答案SECTLON1: LISTENLNG TEST (30 minutes)Part A: Spot Dictation1. from hazardous wastes2. environmental standards3. 150 million4. concluded Friday5. minimize risks6. obsolete pesticides7. approved in 1995 8. the legal trade9. is thriving 10. waste management and waste traffic11. a lucrative business 12. the proper cost of recycling13. the temptation is there 14. series of guidelines15. biomedical and healthcare wastes 16. potentially dangerous17. dismantling of ships 18. without the proper containment and control 19. estimated 300 million 20. a pledge from major manufacturersPART B: Listening Comprehension1. B2. C3. B4. C5. D6. C7. D8. D9. B 10. A 11. A 12. D 13. C 14. A 15. C 16. C 17. D 18. C 19. D 20. C SECTION 2: READING TEST1. C2. D3. B4. A5. B6. D7. B8. C9. A 10. D 11. C 12. A 13. D 14. A 15. D 16. C 17. B 18. C 19. D 20. A Section 3: Translation Test鉴于公众不断收到垃圾电子邮件，加利福尼亚决定开展美国历来最为严厉的打击行动。

上海市英语中级口译资格证书第一阶段考试2001年9月(Test Book)SECTION 1: LISTENING TEST(40 minutes)Part A: Spot DictationDirection:In this part of the test, you will hear a passage and read the same passage with blanks in it. Fill in each of the blanks with the words you have heard on the tape. Write your answer in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. Remember you will hear the passage ONLY ONCE.Welcome to this edition of ―Human Nature‖—a series of lectures delivered by the local Community College. Today, we‘d like to discuss another aspect of ___________(1). We are all human, and one part of human nature is to try to ‗sum one another up‘. The first day in class, for example, we ___________(2) the teacher and our classmates. The same is true with our first day ___________(3) where we are most likely to sum up our boss or colleagues. We do this in order to ___________(4) two things. Firstly, to discover what kind of people they are, and secondly, to find out if we might like to ___________(5).There are two main ways in which we sum up other people, that is, by ___________(6). If the person we are watching sends messages through his behaviour and actions that we find ___________(7), our first impression of him will be as an annoying person. We will, therefore, try to avoid or simply___________(8) this kind of person. If one the other hand, we are pleased by what he says as well as the way he speaks, ___________(9), we will probably try to become friendly with him.Some people, however, seem ___________(10) the kind of person they really are. They try their utmost to ___________ (11) their real personality and purposes so that we never know how they feel about us and what they ___________(12). Since we can not e sure of ___________(13) or intentions, we are not sure how we feel about them either.When e get to know people, there are certain things that we tell them ___________ (14). For example, our name, address, ___________ (15), our appearance, our leisure likes and music preferences, the way we sit, ___________ (16). But there will be things that we will not share. As people spend ___________(17), they each encourage the other to ___________(18) more and show more of themselves. In this way, a relationship grows ___________(19)—provided, of course, that we like hat we see and ___________(20)!Part B: Listening Comprehension1. StatementsDirections:In the part of the test, you will hear several short statements. These statements will be spoken ONLY ONCE, and you will not find them written on the paper; so you must listen carefully.When you hear a statement, read the answer choices and decide which one is closest in meaning to the statement you have heard. Then write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.1. (A) Betty brought a week‘s work home because of the cold weather outside.(B) Betty as absent from work seven days while recovering from a cold.(C) Betty did not have enough time to recover from a bad cold.(D) Betty felt quite weak for seven days after she had caught a bad cold.2. (A) Florence has made possible this reception.(B) I don‘t mind if Florence comes to the reception.(C) Florence didn‘t get enough notice to come to the reception.(D) Florence was able to come to the reception.3. (A) Lena has trouble with office work.(B) Lena doesn‘t like her colleagues in the office.(C) Lena intends to become a full-time student.(D) Lena gets on very well in her MBA studies.4. (A) The last thing that the advertiser will do is to grab money from your pocket.(B) Like his father, the advertiser has from his childhood been interested in ice hockey.(C) The advertiser will distribute a free, portable instrument for the treatment of your eye.(D) The advertiser try to make you first interested in his products and then buy them.5. (A) The company charged us 5,000 dollars.(B) The company charged us 10,000 dollars.(C) The company charged us 15,000 dollars.(D) The company charged us 30,000 dollars.6. (A) Any one with a university degree will probably get the job.(B) The applicants, if short-listed, will be trained in a foreign country.(C) No one but those with required certificates are qualified for the job.(D) We need only those applicants who have gained diplomatic experience.7. (A) The new secretary was required to hand in the report.(B) The assistant manager wanted to see the new secretary.(C) The new secretary as reported to the assistant manager.(D) The assistant manager told her to clear up his desk.8. (A) The Chairman didn‘t attend the ceremony at the last minute.(B) The Chairman refused to attend the opening ceremony at the last minute.(C) The Chairman never changes is mind at the last minute.(D) The Chairman made a last-minute decision to attend the ceremony.9. (A) Jack could not repair the lamp and it was repaired by an electrician.(B) The lamp was so badly damaged that Jack had to buy a new one.(C) Jack didn‘t ask an electrician to repair the lamp, although it as badly damaged.(D) Jack could repair the lamp himself, but he didn‘t bother and called in an electrician.10. (A) I know why Mr. Nicholas hasn‘t arrived although he was due earlier.(B) I can‘t understand why Mr. Nicholas is here.(C) Mr. Nicholas is due for the board meeting right away.(D) I have no idea why Mr. Nicholas is late for the meeting.2. Talks and ConversationsDirections: In this part of the test, you will hear several short talks and conversations. After each of these, you will hear a few questions. Listen carefully because you will hear the talk or conversation and questions ONLY ONCE. When you hear a question, read the four answer choices and choose the best answer to that question. Then write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.Questions 11-1411. (A) Ten months(B) Only four years.(C) No more than 14 years.(D) Nearly forty years.12. (A) Satisfied.(B) Negative.(C) Passionate.(D) Cautious.13. (A) The man is always proud of his work.(B) The man feels that he should have quitted earlier.(C) The man is unable to get along with his managers.(D) The man thinks that his managers are very original and competent.14. (A) He is very efficient.(B) He is quite friendly.(C) He is utterly incompetent.(D) He is rather dishonest.Questions 15-1815. (A) It was always barren.(B) It was extensively devastated.(C) It was a colonized land.(D) It was a very fertile area.16. (A) They cultivated the land.(B) They migrated to other places.(C) They left the land without their animals.(D) The fed on their livestock.17. (A) They worked day and night on the land.(B) They raised crops every other year in an area.(C) They used traditional fertilizers.(D) They applied modern technology.18. (A) The growing population.(B) The cease of the sandstorm.(C) The slaughter of animals.(D) The rising prices of agricultural products.Question 19-2219. (A) Metal.(B) Plastic.(C) Paper.(D) Wood.20. (A) It is lightweight.(B) It can be used for making pasta.(C) It is a standard item.(D) It has a built-in clean system.21. (A) He has just bought a new house.(B) He considers his kitchen gadgets out of fashion.(C) He plans to set up a new food store.(D) He needs to arrange for a week-long display.22. (A) Employer and employee.(B) Chef and restaurant owner.(C) Client and sales representative.(D) Customer and supermarket assistant.Questions 23-2623. (A) Tablets.(B) Vitamins.(C) Proteins.(D) Carbohydrates.24. (A) 35.(B) 30.(C) 25.(D) 20.25. (A) People have always believed in a balanced and nutritious diet.(B) Vitamins as food constituents were unknown in the eighteenth century.(C) Today proteins and carbohydrates are not longer constituents of wholesome food.(D) Artificial food constituents in the future will be tastier than present-day natural foods.26. (A) A more balanced diet.(B) Foods with rich vitamins.(C) Highly artificial foods.(D) Meals with many courses.Questions 27-3027. (A) There was a traffic accident.(B) A car was smashed by a falling object.(C) Someone was hit near a high building.(D) A driver was killed in his new car.28. (A) The woman never reads newspapers.(B) The man is always proud of his car.(C) The woman had her new car damaged.(D) The man had his old car insured.29. (A) He had his car hit by a falling chunk.(B) He was fined for speeding in South Street.(C) He had been unable to park his specially-made car.(D) He could not claim from the insurance company.30. (A) He was annoyed.(B) He was pleased.(C) He felt he could have a replacement.(D) He did not care.Part C: Listening and TranslationI. Sentence TranslationDirections:In this part of the test, you will hear 5 English sentences. You will hear the sentences ONLY ONCE. After you have heard each sentence, translate it into Chinese and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.(1) ____________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________(2) ____________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________(3) ____________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________(4) ____________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________(5) ____________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________II. Passage TranslationDirections: In this part of the test, you will hear 2 English passages. You will hear the passage ONLY ONCE. After you have heard each passage, translate it into Chinese and write your version in thecorresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. You may take note while you are listening.(1) ____________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________(2) ____________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________SECTION 2: STUDY SKILLS(50 MINUTES)Direction: In this section you will read several passages. Each one is followed by several questions about it. You are to choose ONE best answer, (A), (B), (C) or (D), to each question. Answer all the questions following each passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in that passage and write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.Questions 1~5Before Felix arrived in Baghdad, Miss Bohun had arranged for him to have lessons with a Mr. Posthorn of the Education Office. Mr. Posthorn was a busy man‘ he not only had his government job but also taught some Arab boys from a wealithy family who hoped eventually to go to an English university. He had agreed to ‗fit Felix in in his spare time‘, which meant that sometimes Felix went to Mr. Posthorn‘s office and was told to study this or that, and occasionally Mr. Posthorn managed to find a spare hour when he dropped in to Miss Bohun‘s and gave Felix some instruction. Most of Felix‘s day was spent in study in his bedroom. He knew he world got get far in this way and he knew also that Mr. Posthorn would have been willing to give him more attention had he, like Miss Bohun, not been disappointed in him. Miss Bohun did not say or do anything that gave Felix any clue as to how he had failed her, but Mr. Posthorn, after testing his knowledge, said without hesitation, ‗What on earth have you been doing with yourself since you left England?‘Felix explained that in Cairo he had taken lessons with an old English lady, an ex-governess to a royal family, who had taught him English composition, French, drawing, geography and history. Unfortunately she had known less Greek, Latin and mathematics than he had. His mother had treated lessons there as a joke, and said: ‗Never mind, darling, when we return to England we‘ll make up for lost time.‘‗Your parents ought to have been ashamed of themselves, keeping you away from school during the most important years of your life. I can‘t understand it,‘ said Mr. Postthorn. ‗Your father was an educated man, wasn‘t he? Felix explained: it wasn‘t my father‘s fault. Mother wouldn‘t let me go back to England when the war started. Father was angry, but Mother said: ―If he goes I may not see him again.‖Mr. Posthorn said: ‗You‘ll never make up for it,‘ but Felix, although he knew it to be a serious matter, could not really care.1. Miss Bohun had arranged for Felix ________ before he arrived.(A) to go to school in the Education Office(B) to have lessons with some Arab boys(C) to study at home every morning(D) to received private tuition2. Felix did not feel the arrangements Miss Bohun had made were satisfactory because ________.(A) he knew Miss Bohun as disappointed in him(B) he could not have regular lessons(C) he had not like Mr. Posthorn(D) he didn‘t like studying at Miss Bohun‘s3. Before he came to stay with Miss Bohun, Felix‘s lessons ________.(A) were shared with some children from a royal family(B) were not suitable in his father‘s eye(C) had not been adequate in some subjects(D) had frequently been interrupted by his mother4. What did Mr. Posthorn think of Felix‘s education?(A) He thought his father had not encouraged him enough.(B) He was surprised that Felix had managed to learn anything at all.(C) He thought Felix had wasted a great deal of valuable time.(D) He believed that Felix could catch up with the other boys later.5. Why didn‘t Felix go back to England when the war started?(A) His parents wanted him to be with them.(B) His mother would not agree to his going.(C) His father intended to teach Felix himself.(D) He himself did not really want to go.Questions 6~10Many folk curse which have been around for centuries may be more therapeutic than previously suspected. A case in point is that of penicillin. Alexander Fleming did not just randomly choose cheese molds to study when he discovered its very important bacteria-killing substance. Moldy cheese was frequently given to patients as a remedy for illness at one time. Fleming just isolated what it was about the cheese which cured the patients.In parts of South America, a powder obtained from grinding sugar cane is used for haling infections in wounds and ulcers. This usage may date back to pre-Colombian times. Experiments carried out on several hundred patients indicate that ordinary sugar in high concentrations is lethal to bacteria. It s suction effect eliminates dead cells, and it generated a glasslike layer which protects the wound and ensures healing.Another example of folk medicine which scientists are investigating is that of Arab fishermen who rub their wounds with a venomous catfish to quicken healing. This catfish excretes a gellike slime which scientists have found to contain antibiotics, a coagulant that helps close injured blood vessels, anti-inflammatory agents, and a chemical that directs production of a gluelike material that aids healing.It is hope that by documenting these folk remedies and experimenting to see if results are indeed beneficial, an analysis of the substances can be made, and synthetic substances can be developed for human consumption.6. This passage is mainly about _______.(A) using folk medicine to replace modern medicine(B) antibiotics in the field of medicine(C) the effectiveness of folk remedies(D) isolating antibiotics in cheese, sugar, and slime7. The word ―therapeutic‖ in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to _______.(A) physiological(B) medicinal(C) traditional(D) psychological8. It can be inferred from the passage that Alexander Fleming _______.(A) discovered moldy cheese(B) isolated infectious patients(C) suspected medicinal properties of molds(D) enjoyed eating different kinds of cheese9. The word ―eliminates‖ in paragraph 2 can be replaced by which of the following?(A) cleanses.(B) excretes.(C) disposes of.(D) kills off.10. We can learn from the passage that _______.(A) bacteria feed on sugar(B) sugar kills unhealthy cells(C) glass is formed from sugar(D) sugar promotes healingQuestions 11~15More tan a hundred years ago, before the Civil War, a crew of bronc-busting cowboys stood outside a large horse corral. With them was their boss Bradford Grimes, a cattleman who owned a large South Texas ranch near the Gulf of Mexico.Inside the corral was a herd of wild mustangs, horses that had never been ridden. They milled around, snorting and rearing.One of the bronc busters roped a strong stallion and held him to be saddled. Then another cowboy climbed up and tried to ride. At first the animal trotted nervously, humping a little and shying from side to side. Then it went off in high jumps, spinning and shaking and jolting its rider. Finally it put its head between its front legs, bucked high in the air, and threw the cowboy off into the dust.Just then Mrs. Grimes, the cattleman‘s wife, came to the ranch house door and cried out. ―Bradford! Bradford! Those Blacks are worth a thousand dollars apiece. One might get killed.‖The cowboys laughed, but they knew she was telling the truth. For they were all Black slaves. Bradford Grimes was their owner.Most of the first Black cowboys were slaves, brought by their masters from the old South. On the plantations in the South, the slaves cut cotton. On the ranches in Texas they had to learn a new trade—breaking horses and handling cattle. Some were taught by Mexican cowboys, some by Indians who knew the ways of horses and cattle.Grimes was only one of hundreds of slave-owning ranchers who ran cattle in Texas. The ranchers had brought their families and slaves from Mississippi, Georgia, and other southern states. They came on horseback, on foot, and in buggies and wagons. They drove hogs, oxen, and stock.Some ranchers settled near the Mexican bornder, but there they found that it was too easy for their slaves to escape. Even slaves as far north as Austin, the capital of Texas, came to think of Mexico as the promised land. As early as 1845, the year that Texas became a state, a Texas newspaper reported the escape of twenty-fie Blacks. ―They were mounted don some of the best horses that could be found,‖ the story said, ―and several of them were armed.‖ Thousands of other Black slaves escaped in the same way.Easy of the Nueces River, farther from the Mexican border, most slaves found it hard to escape. So there they stayed, learning to become cowboys in bleak, rough country and learning to chase wild cattle through heavy coastal brush.All-Black cattle crews were common throughout central and eastern Texas. There were even a few free blacks who owned ranches before the Civil War. Aaron Ashorth was one of them, and he owned 2,500 cattle, as well as some slaves of his own. He employed a white schoolmaster to tutor his children.Black cowboys helped to tame and settle a wild country.11. The word ―bronc-husting‖in the beginning sentence of the passage can be paraphrased as _______.(A) driving hogs(B) cutting cotton(C) breaking horses(D) handling cattle12. Most of the first Black slaves that became cowboys(A) had been brought to Texas by their owners from the old South(B) came on their own to look for the promised land(C) came from the ranches in Mexico looking fro work on Texas cattle ranches(D) had been employed by Bradford Grimes who owned a large South Texas ranch13. How did the Black slaves on the ranches in Texas differ from those on the plantations in the old South?(A) They cut cotton.(B) They escaped from slavery.(C) They took care of cattle.(D) They rode the best horses that could be found.14. What do you think slaves thought about living and working on ranches?(A) They liked it so much they were going to find others to bring back.(B) They were unhappy and wanted to run away.(C) They wanted to buy slaves and start ranches of their own.(D) They enjoyed their working and living conditions in the promised land.15. According to the passage, Blacks helped to _______.(A) tame the animals in Texas(B) solve living problems in Texas(C) conquer the US(D) settle the new territoryQuestions 16~20Film is a medium that might have been especially made for America, a vast country which, by the beginning of the twentieth century, had a large immigrant population, many of whom could hardly speak English. These people would have had little use for the theatre, even if the y lived within easy distance of one, or for most of the books they could buy because they did not have enough English. But the movies – the silent movies – these they could all understand, so hat America had more than any European country was a huge captive audience, a large proportion of them pretty ell uneducated. And what these people wanted were simple stories in which, irrespective of the fact they couldn‘t understand the captions, the action told all.In feeding the growing demand for screen entertainment, America was greatly helped by the First World War, Between 1914 and 1918 the making of films was not exactly high on the lit of any European country‘s priorities. Films continued to be made but not to the same extent as before, and to fill the gap in foreign imports, America had to increase its won production. By the end of the decade, with Hollywood now firmly established as the center of the industry, America a well on its way to monopolizing the world market.But if by the beginning of the 1920s America was the world leader in film production, it was not then—nor has it been since—in the lead hen it comes to developing film as an art form. Hollywood is not interested in art; it is interested in money and the two rarely go together. To Hollywood film is, and really always has been, an industry. There is nothing about this attitude that should make us look down on it. Hollywood quickly recognized film as an entertainment medium with a unique ability to put people onto seats and money in the pockets of producers, distributors and cinema managers and, mostly, left it to other to develop its potential a an art form.Generally speaking the efforts to extend the boundaries of film – to show that it could do more than car chases, romance and clowning – were being made elsewhere. In the 1920s in Germany, for example, expressionism was an artistic movement which used film as a medium. Expressionism is described in the Oxford Companion to Film as ―a movement whose main aim was to show in images man‘s inner world and in particular the emotions of fear, hatred, love and anxiety‖. These days, most serious – and sometimes not so serious – films attempt to do something like that as a matter of course.Meanwhile Russian film-makers were developing advanced techniques in editing and montage –using scenes to give background information, ideas and intellectual points. Hollywood was not slow to learn from its foreign competitors or to take on and adapt their ideas, but with regard to the style and content of film-making, it was and still is far more in the business of learning than of teaching.16. Why id the immigrants in America prefer cinema to other entertainment media?(A) They did not have theatres close enough to their homes.(B) They could not afford to buy books.(C) The movies were easier to understand.(D) The film captions were in simple English.17. What do we learn about the American film industry around 1920?(A) American art films were not as successful as those from other countries.(B) More films were made in America than anywhere else.(C) More American films catered fro the immigration population.(D) The Americans were the first to develop film as an art form.18. What does the author think about Hollywood as an industry?(A) He despises Hollywood‘s interest in making money.(B) He wishes Hollywood would make decent films.(C) He thinks Hollywood films are no better than European ones.(D) He sees nothing wrong with Hollywood‘s attitude.19. What do we learn about expressionism in film?(A) It has become a less serious element in films nowadays.(B) It is no longer limited to German films.(C) In the 1920s, most serious films were expressionist.(D) It was about trying to show strange emotions.20. How has Hollywood responded to its foreign competitors in film-making?(A) It has maintained a more businesslike attitude.(B) It has learned a lot from them about what to put in films.(C) It has responded quickly by copying foreign films.(D) It has tried to teach as much as it has learned.Question 21~25IN RECENT YEARS the basic market principles of competition and choice have expanded into new aspects of American life. Consumers now face a bewildering array of options for air travel phone service, medical care, even postal service. Car buyers can shop on the Internet for the best price at anydealership in their area. In some parts of the country, homeowners can purchase electricity from a menu of companies. All this choice translate into unprecedented consumer power.One of the persistent myths of capitalist culture is that business people love competition. They don ‘t. They spend their waking hours plotting ways to avoid it, and keep prices high. These days they use information technologies that give them intricate data on individual shoppers, and ten present multiple price to get each consumer to cough up the maximum he is willing to pay. The airlines have mastered this game, offering many levels of fares.So how can you make the most of your new power as a consumer? Here are rules to help you find your way.Never pay lit price.In the New Economy, competition is so strong that fewer stores and services are immune to pricing pressure, so sharpen your bargaining skills. Ask retailers to match prices you ‘ve seen on the Internet. Ask hotel clerks if there are better rates available. You ‘ll be surprised how often the answer is yes.Refuse gimmicks.As competition heats up and pushes prices down, businesses scramble to boost their profits by heaping on extras: rustproofing your car, service contracts on your appliances, prepaid gasoline for your rental car. These gimmicks are devised to make you pay more at the last minute and probably aren ‘t a good deal.Don ’t buy on impulse.The information highway is a two-way street. As a consumer, you can get more data. But while you are roaming the Web, businesses are studying your habits and vulnerabilities.Have a weakness for chocolates? Don ‘t be surprised if offers to sell you a box while you ‘re browsing for books. They ‘re using a wrinkle on the last-minute marketing pitch perfected by McDonald‘s : ―Would you like fries with that?‖ The ploy works remarkably well.Say no to platinum prices.Versioning is a tactic used by businesses to separate status-conscious consumers from the bargain-hungry ones —since the former mean bigger profit margins. ―Deluxe ‖ and ―platinum ‖ are code words used to entice status seekers to open their wallets.Add a third price level and the purses of even bargain-hungry shoppers can be pried open. Research shows that many consumers who might pick the lower-priced option hen given just two choices will choose the medium-priced alternative if given three. ―consumers try to avoid extreme options,‖ write Carl Shapiro and Hal R. Varian in their book Information Rules.1 2 3 4。

2004年全国翻译专业资格（水平）测试上海开考东方网3月28日消息：日前从人事部和中国外文局了解到，2004年全国翻译专业资格（水平）考试将于今年5月29日至30日举行，华东师范大学作为该项目的指定考点及培训点，报名工作现已全面展开。

为能更好地评价翻译专业人才水平和能力，促进外语翻译专业人员队伍建设，国家人事部颁布了《翻译专业资格考试暂行规定》，在翻译专业中实行资格（水平）考试并纳入国家职业资格证书制度。

该制度是规范国家翻译人才职称资格标准，也是改变了过去一贯以单一评审的模式对翻译人才进行评价。

通过这类考试，可以为不断规范化的翻译市场和用人单位的职称评审标准提供高质量的服务，同时也可以更好地维护客户和翻译人员双方的利益。

全国翻译专业资格（水平）考试由国家人事部统一规划、中国外文局负责组织实施，是国内最的翻译专业资格（水平）认证。

在未来的几年内所有笔译及口译的译员将持证上岗，且逐步替代现有的职称评定。

从业者必须经过相应的培训及全国统一考试（上半年考试日期2004年5月29、30日）。

该证书在全国范围内有效，翻译专业实行全国统一考试后，各地、各部门不再进行相应语种的专业资格评审工作，各地区、各部门为评定相应专业技术职务任职资格而进行的考试也一律停止。

资格考试根据专业能力划分为四个等级，分别为资深、一级、二级、三级，涉及英、日、俄、德、法、西班牙、阿拉伯等多个语种，目前作为试点，暂时先开展英语二、三级口译、笔译项目。

二级口译、笔译翻译和三级口译、笔译翻译实行统一大纲、统一命题、统一标准的考试办法。

申请人可根据本人的条件，报名参加相应级别口译或笔译翻译的考试。

本考试重在考核学员的实际能力和水平。

凡具有一定外语水平的人员，不分年龄、学历和资历，均可报名参加相应级别的考试。

考试合格者颁发《中华人民共和国翻译专业资格（水平）证书》。

目前，报名工作已在华师大全面开展，此次华师大为开展好这次培训、考试工作，更不遗余力地组织一批精英师资队伍，其中包括中国外文局全国翻译专业资格（水平）考试专家委员会、华东师范大学、上海外国语学院、复旦大学、上海交通大学等资深教授和专家。

上海市英语中级口译资格证书第一阶段考试试题集SECTION 1：LISTENING TEST （40 minutes）Part A: Spot DictationDirections: In this part of the test, you will hear a passage and read the same passage with blanks in it. Fill in each of the blanks with the word or words you have heard on the tape. Write your answer in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. Remember you will hear the passage ONLY ONCE.It is common knowledge that computers can also produce something stupid, as some (1) put it, GIGO, or ’garbage in, garbage out’. This means that if inaccurate information is(2) a computer, the machine will produce the wrong information (3).The reason for this is that computers cannot think (4). For example, imagine that a computer is given the information that (5) has hour legs and that a dog has four legs. The machine might well (6) when producing a list of suggested living-room and dining-room furniture.But today, groups of (7) in the United States, Japan and Europe (8) a new type of computer. These new models will be incapable of makingsuch (9).Instead of being programmed with lots of unrelated (10), the new computers will contain knowledge of subjects that are (11). The machines will then(12) items of information, and will be able to reject conclusions that donot (13).These new computers will already know that dogs are animals that (14), bark, wag their tails and chase other animals. By (15) with features of living-room and dining-room furniture, the computer will conclude that a dog isan (16).Even a present-day computer could (17) if given enough information and enough time. But it has to consider (18) one at a time before selecting the best. This means that it would (19) for even the most powerful computer to reach a (20).Part B: Listening ComprehensionⅠ. StatementsDirections: In this part of the test, you will hear several short statements. These statements will be spoken ONLY ONCE, and you will not find them written on the paper; so you must listen carefully. When you hear a statement, read the answer choices and decide which one is closest in meaning to the statement you have heard. Then write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.1. (A) Michelle wanted to work in London.(B) Michelle quitted his job in London.(C) Michelle asked for a vacation in London.(D) Michelle transferred his money to the London branch.2. (A) Doctor Carter avoids the company of others whenever possible.(B) Doctor Carter is too busy to have a cup of coffee.(C) Doctor Carter is a quite sociable person.(D) Doctor Carter is a lonely man, according to his colleagues.3. (A) Tom checked his embarrassment.(B) Tom bounced the ball against the telephone box.(C) Tom felt embarrassed when he was asked to have a physical check.(D) Tom was embarrassed when his check was returned as worthless.4. (A) We couldn’t have opened five supermarkets there.(B) To think that we have opened only five supermarkets there.(C) We thought that you wanted to open five supermarkets there.(D) We didn’t think that five supermarkets there were quite enough.5. (A) Mrs. Green had to rush to the airport to meet the CEO from Chicago.(B) Mrs. Green refused to attend the opening ceremony in Chicago last Tuesday.(C) Mrs. Green was scheduled to see someone from Chicago last Tuesday.(D) Mrs. Green didn’t accept the CEO’s invitation to work in Chicago at last.6. (A) I’ve never been a cooperative person. (B) I’m very ready to cooperate now.(C) I’ll be a corporate executive. (D) I never want to be an operator.7. (A) The general manager asked them to account for the lying of important documents.(B) The general manager refused to read those accounting papers.(C) The documents are so important that they should be kept in safer places.(D) It is important that the accountant lock his office before leaving for home.8. (A) Every year, the city authorities propose to improve the road conditions on the highway.(B) There have been arguments about the proposed highway extension for a long time.(C) The environmental protection groups are quite satisfied with the proposed highwayextension.(D) Both the administration and the environmentalists are against the building of a newhighway.9. (A) Good management seldom gets better work from employees.(B) Good management can make average employees work better.(C) Average employees can do excellent work under any circumstances.(D) Average employees cannot do excellent work, despite good management.10. (A) No more visitors can be allowed in the exhibition hall.(B) The exhibition hall can hold slightly over 250 visitors.(C) Five hundred visitors wanted to see the Auto Show.(D) More than one thousand visitors saw the Auto Show.Ⅰ. Talks and ConversationsDirections: In this part of the test, you will hear several short talks and conversations. After each of these, you will hear a few questions. Listen carefully, because you will hear the talk or conversation and questions ONLY ONCE. When you hear a question, read the four answer choice and choose the best answer to that question. Then write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.Questions 11~1411. (A) She is out of job. (B) She feels very tired.(C) She has a broken (D) She has a cold.12. (A) Traveling around the country (B) Training hard for a competition(C) Working on a research project (D) Writhing research paper on boxing13. (A) Stay in bed and get some sleep(B) Return the books and post the letters(C) Have a glass of water before going outside.(D) Write a letter of complaint about the air-conditioner14. (A) Because she has to write a report.(B) Because she has just returned from abroad.(C) Because she wants something to read.(D) Because she needs to find a new job.Questions 15~1815. (A)US census officials (B) Government employees(C) People who live in the city (D) Lawyers who work for the Church16. (A) London and Westminster (B) London and Birmingham(C) London and St Asaph (D) London and St Paul’s17. (A) It has a cathedral. (B) It has a population of 4000.(C) It has a large population. (D) It has a city hall.18. (A) Britain (B) USA(C) India (D) JapanQuestions 19~2219. (A) She’s got married. (B) She’s graduated from high school.(C) She’s spent her holiday (D) She’s moved to West Virginia.20. (A) She would have stayed in her hometown for the rest of her life.(B) She would have made a grave mistake in her life career.(C) She would have happy to come to the city to look for a job.(D) She would become a secretary to someone in her village.21. (A) She had left the place in which she was born.(B) She has not been given much job opportunity in the city.(C) She has so far no promotion or transfer.(D) She cannot avoid making mistakes in her routine work.22. (A) Her boyfriend. (B) Her colleague.(C) Her assistant. (D) Her former schoolmate. Questions 23~2623. (A) Keeping warm and dry (B) Drinking a lot of liquid(C) Living close to the hospital (D) Kissing the nose of an animal24. (A) Men who live in windy areas(B) Women who volunteered to stay outside(C) Travelers who take showers(D) People who are under stress25. (A) Because cold viruses can endure adverse climates.(B) Because winters are wet and cold.(C) Because people tend to stay more time indoors.(D) Because the disease may be caused by contaminated foods.26. (A) Men are more likely to suffer from colds.(B) No effective medicine has been found to cure colds.(C) In the winter, people should try to stay outdoors.(D) One could avoid catching colds by taking a hot bath every day.Questions 27~3027. (A) None (B) Thirteen(C) Fourteen (D) Fifteen28. (A) The housewife (B) The elder sisters(C) The servants (D) The nannies29. (A) They had to bring up their families.(B) They had no choice in selecting a spouse.(C) They had to work hard to support their families.(D)They had no chance to receive higher education.30. (A) A woman was financially dependent on her future husband.(B) A man had to ask a girl’s father for permission to marry her.(C) A woman should be ready to give up her job for the marriage.(D) A man should arrange a marriage ceremony in his father’s house.Part C: Listening and TranslationⅠ. Sentence TranslationDirections: In this part of the test, you will hear 5 English sentences. You will hear the sentences ONLY ONCE. After you have heard each sentence, translate it into Chineseand write your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)Ⅰ. Passage TranslationDirections: In this part of the test, you hear 2 passages. You will hear the passages ONLY ONCE. After you have heard each passage, translate it into Chinese and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. You may take notes while you are listening.(1)(2)SECTION 2: STUDY SKILLS (50 minutes)Directions: In this section, you will read several passages. Each passage is followed by several questions based on its content. You are to choose ONE best answer, (A), (B),(C) or (D), to each question. Answer all the questions following each passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in that passage and write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. Questions 1~5In some rural agricultural societies, the collection of available fuel such as firewood, dung cake, and agricultural waste can take 200 to 300 person-days per year. As well as being time consuming, the typical patterns of collection lead to deforestation, soil erosion, and ecological imbalances. In the future, experts predict that even if food supplies are adequate for rural populations, fuel supplies for domestic use may not be. In the light of such considerations, a team in India has developed a solar oven for home use. The oven is cheaply constructed, easily operated, and extremely energy efficient. The device consists of an inner and outer metal box, a top cover, and two panes of plain glass. The inner box is painted black to absorb maximum solar radiation. The space between the two boxes is filled with an insulating material, such as rice husks, which are easily available and which, because of their high silicon content, neither attract insects nor rot easily. Other easily available materials for insulation are ground nutshells or coconut shells. An adjustable mirror mounted on one side of the oven box reflects the sunlight into the interior, boosting the temperatures by 15-30 degrees Celsius. This is most useful during the winter when the sun is lower. Inside the oven, a temperature between 80 and 120 degrees Celsius above ambient temperature can be maintained. This is sufficient to cook food gradually but surely. Trials have shown that all typical food dishes can be prepared in this solar device without loss of taste or nutrition.1.This passage is mainly about .(A) deforestation in the rural agricultural societies(B) use of rice husks as an insulation material(C) design and use of a solar oven(D) maintenance of temperature in a solar oven2. All of the following are mentioned as sources of energy of rural agricultural societies EXCEPT .(A) firewood (B) dung cake(C) solar power (D) agricultural waste3.The word “domestic”(paragraph 1) is closest in meaning to .(A) industrial (B) agricultural(C) natural (D) household4. According to the passage, the use of an adjustable mirror increases the oven temperature by .(A) 80-120 degrees Celsius (B) at least 80 degrees Celsius(C) up to 30 degrees Celsius (D) up to 15 degrees Celsius5.According to the passage, the adjustable mirror is most useful .(A) at midday (B) when it is cold(C) When firewood is lacking (D) in improving taste and nutritionQuestions 6~10There must be few questions on which responsible opinion is so utterly divided as on that of how much sleep we ought to have. There are some who think we can leave body to regulate these matters for itself. “The answer is easy,” says Dr.. A. Burton. “With the right amount of sleep you should wake up fresh and alert five minutes before the alarm rings.” If he is right many people must be under sleeping, including myself. But we must remember that some people have a grater inertia than others. This is not meant rudely. They switch on slowly, and they are reluctant to switch off. They are alert at bedtime and sleepy when it is time to get up, and this many have nothing to do with how fatigued their bodies are, or how much sleep they must take to lose their fatigue.Other people feel sure that the present trend is towards too little sleep. To quoteone medical opinion, “Thousands of people drift through life suffering from the effects of too little sleep; the reason is not that can’t sleep. Like advancing colonists, we do seem to be grasping ever more of the land of sleep for our waking needs, pushing the boundary back and reaching, apparently, for a point in our evolution where we will sleep no more. This in itself, of course, need not be a bad thing. What could be disastrous, however, is that we should press to quickly towards this goal, sacrificing sleep only to gain more time in which to jeopardize our civilization by actions and decisions made weak by fatigue.”Then, to complete the picture, there are those who believe that more people are persuaded to sleep too much. Dr H. Roberts, writing in Every Man in, asserts: “It may safely be stated that, just as the majority eat too much, so the majority sleep too much.” One can see the point of this also. It would be a pity to retard our development by holding back those people who are gifted enough to work and play well less than the average amount of sleep, if indeed it does them no harm. If one of the trends of evolutions is that more of the life span is to be spent in gainful waking activity, then surely these people are in the van of this advance.6.The author seems to indicate that .(A) there are many controversial issues like the right amount of sleep(B) among many issues the right amount of sleep is the least controversial(C) the right amount of sleep is topic of much controversy among doctors(D) people are now moving towards solving many controversial issues concerning sleep7.According to the author, sleeping habits .(A) are related to the amount of sleep(B) are inherited from the parents(C) vary from person to person(D) would not change in one’s lifetime8.The world “jeopardize” (paragraph 2) is closest in meaning to .(A) endeavor (B) endanger(C) endorse (D) endow9. In the last paragraph the author points out that .(A) sleeping less is good for human health(B) people ought to be persuaded to sleep less than before(C) it is incorrect to say that people too little(D) those who can sleep less should be encouraged10. We learn from the passage that the author .(A) revises someone else’s opinion(B) explains an opinion of his own(C) favors one of the three opinions(D) comments on three different opinionsQuestions 11~15She looked in the pockets of the black leather jacket he had reluctantly worn the night before. Three of his suits, a pair of blue twill work pants, an old gray sweater with a hood and pockets lay thrown across the bed. The jacket leather was sleazy and damply clinging to her hands. She had bought it for him, as well as the three suits: one light blue with side vents, one gold with green specks, and one reddish that had a silver imitation-silk vest. The pockets of the jacket came softly outward from the lining like skinny milk toast rats. Empty. Slowly she sank down on the bed and began to knead, with blunt anxious fingers, all the pockets in all the clothes piled around her. First the blue suit, then the gold with green, then the reddish one that he said he didn’t like most of all, but which he would sometimes wear if she agreed to stay home, or if she promised not to touch anywhere at all while he was getting dressed.She was a big awkward woman, with big bones and hard rubbery flesh. Her short arms ended in ham hands, and her neck was a squat roll of fat that protruded behind her head as a big bump. Her skin was rough and puffy, with plump mole like freckles down her cheeks. Her eyes glowered from under the mountain of her brow and were circled with expensive mauve shadow. They were nervous and quick when she was flustered and darted about at nothing in particular while she was dressing hair or talking to people.Her troubles started noticeably when she fell in love with a studiously quiet schoolteacher, Mr. Jerome Franklin Washington III, who was ten years younger than her. She told herself that she shouldn’t want him, he was so little and cute and young, but when she took into account that he was a schoolteacher, well, she just couldn’t seem to get any rest until, as she put it, “I were Mr. And Mrs. Jerome Franklin Washington the third, and that’s the truth!”11. The word “sleazy” (paragraph 1) is closest in meaning to .(A) lacking moisture (B) lacking persistence(C) lacking substance (D) lacking confidence12. Jerome’s taste in clothing is probably .(A) worse than the woman’s (B) very loud and flashy(C) different from the woman’s (D) on agreement with the woman’s13. Apparently Jerome will occasionally wear the reddish suit if .(A) She is very good to him (B) she will leave him alone(C) she buys him more clothes (D) she gets a better education14. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true about the woman?(A) She is married to a school teacher.(B) Her eyes move around a lot at times.(C) She is ten years older than Jerome.(D) She has found what she is looking for.15. According to the passage, which of the following can be concluded form the passage about this couple?(A) They will live happily ever after.(B) Their marriage is not harmonious.(C) The couple will adopt children.(D) They will become schoolteachers.Questions 16~20An anthropologist recorded the expenses for ceremonies he attended in a village in Thailand. The following chart provides information on the baths (Thai currency) spent for a wedding.Finances for a Single Wedding in ThailandItem AmountExpensesRice 3 sacks 1,860Pigs 2 head 3,500 Vegetables and Condiments 1,440Invitations 150Wedding Gown Rental 650Flowers (300)Rental Equipment 1,800Pictures (groom paid) (500)Room Decoration 3,000Liquor 2,400Musicians (groom paid) (500)Gifts to Mother-in-law 200Cigarettes 360Other Gifts 520Shoes 150Gold Bracelet 1,270MiscellaneousTotal 17,800Bride Price 30,000From Groom’s Party 5,000From Other Guests 8,000Other Gifts 750Calculated Net -3,050Stated Net -4,00016.The word “anthropologist” (line 1) means someone who .(A) studies the nature of man (B) arranges wedding ceremonies(C) keeps account for newly weds (D) records local events17.According to the information on the chart, the family hosting the ceremony .(A) was rich (B) ended up with a deficit(C) made a profit on gifts (D) relied totally on borrowed money18.From this chart, one could learn about .(A) the Thai kinship structure (B) retail price for cigarettes(C) the nature and procedures of ritual (D) the importance of hospitality to the Thai19.The information on the chart best supports the idea that .(A) increased expenditure results in increased earning in a village in Thailand(B) the economy has been stable for almost fifty years years in a village in Thailand(C) people spend more money on pork than on other items at a Thai wedding(D) gifts to mother-in-law are the most important for the groom at a Thai wedding20.In what major way is a Thai wedding different from an average Chinese wedding?(A) the provision of food (B) the giving of gifts(C) the payment of a bride price (D) the provision of entertainment。

我国英语几种口译证书的区别上海口译证书、教育部翻译证书和人事部翻译证书这三个是现在比较热门的三大翻译考试类型，中高级口译已经日益普及，CATTI证书正在慢热中，其他诸如欧盟口译之类仍然属于高端、职业化的范畴，一般的语言学习者，应该选择哪一种证书呢？一起来看看三者的详细比较吧。

求职英语大全一、自我介绍1) May I come in? 我可以进来吗？2) How are you doing, Mrs. Smith? 你好，史密斯女士。

3) Excuse me. May I see Mrs. Smith? 对不起，我可以见史密斯女士吗？4) Miss Wu? Will you come in please? Take a seat. 吴小姐，请进，坐下吧。

5) I have come here for an interview by appointment. Nice to meet you.我是应约来面试的，非常高兴见到你。

6) I am coming for an interview as required. 我是应邀来面试的。

7) Did you have any difficulty finding our company? 找到我们公司困难吗？8) How do you think of the weather today? 你认为今天的天气如何？Dialogue 1A: May I come in?I: Yes, please.A: How are you doing, Madam? My name is Wujing. I am coming to your company for an interview as requested.I: Fine, thank you for coming. Mr. Wu, Please take a seat. I amAnne Smith, the assistant manager.A: Nice to see you, Mrs. Smith.I: Nice to meet you, too.A: 我可以进来吗？I: 请进。

第三部分模拟试题上海市英语中级口译岗位资格证书考试模拟试题及详解（一）第一阶段考试SECTION 1 LISTENING TEST (45 minutes)（略）SECTION 2 STUDY SKILLS (45 minutes)Directions: In this section, you will read several passages. Each passage is followed by several questions based on its content. You are to choose ONE bestanswer, (A), (B), (C) or (D), to each question. Answer all the questionsfollowing each passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in thatpassage and write the letter of the answer you have chosen in thecorresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.Questions 1～5The head of the Library of Congress is to name Donald Hall, a writer whose deceptively simple language builds on images of the New England landscape, as the nation’s 14th poet laureate today.Mr. Hall, a poet in the distinctive American tradition of Robert Frost, has also been a harsh critic of the religious right’s influence on government arts policy. And as a member of the advisory council of the National Endowment for the Arts during the administration of George H. W. Bush, he referred to those he thought were interfering with arts grants as “bullies and art bashers”.He will succeed Ted Kooser, the Nebraskan who has been the poet laureate since 2004.The announcement of Mr. Hall’s appointment is to be made by James H. Billington, the Librarian of Congress. Mr. Billington said that he chose Mr. Hall because of “the sustained quality of his poetry, the reach and the variety of things he talks about.” Like Mr. Kooser, Mr. Billington said, Mr. Hall “evokes a sense of place.”Mr. Hall, 77, lives in a white clapboard farmhouse in Wilmot, N. H. , that has been in his family for generations, He said in a telephone interview that he didn’t see the poet laureateship as a bully pulpit. “But it’s a pulpit anyway,” he said. “If I see First Amendment violations, I will speak up.”Mr. Hall is an extremely productive writer who has published about 18 books of poetry, 20 books of prose and 12 children’s books. He has won many awards, including a national Book Critics Circle Award in 1989 for “The One Day.”a collection.In recent years much of his poetry has been preoccupied with the death of his wife, the poet Jane Kenyon, in 1995.Robert Pinsky, who was poet laureate from 1997 to 2000 said he welcomed Mr. Hall’s appointment, especially in light of his previous outspokenness about politics and arts. “There is something nicely symbolic, and maybe surprising,” Mr. Pinsky said, “that they have selected someone who has taken a stand for freedom.”The position carries an award of $35,000 and $5,000 travel allowance. It usually lasts a year, though poets are sometimes reappointed.1. Donald Hall _____.A. uses simple English to express the images of the New England landscapeB. dislikes the idea of impacting government by the right side of the religionC. is the 14th poet laureate appointed by the CongressD. is a member of the advisory council of the National Endowment for the Arts2. James H. Billington _____.A. likes the poems with great depth and widthB. speaks highly of poems in simple English rather than complex onesC. prefers the poems with sustained style and expressionD. likes the poems with the knowledge of various things3. The phrase “evokes a sense of place” underlined in Paragraph 4 means to _____.A. make readers think of a place.B. call up memories of nice things to readers.C. remind readers of important places.D. give readers the feeling of large areas.4. Which of the following is NOT true of Donald Hall?A. His family emigrated to the U. S. decades ago.B. He is a direct and upright person.C. He is a powerful person in American Congress.D. His style of poems follows the traditions of America.5. Which of the following is true according to the passage?A. Mr. Hall has published many books and magazines on poems.B. Mr. Hall is a critic of literature in the U. S. .C. Mr. Hall has got many prizes for his talents in writing.D. Mr. Hall has got support from his predecessor【答案与解析】1.B 细节题。

(2004 年 3 月)上海市英语中级口译资格证书第一阶段考试SECTION 1: LISTENING TEST (40 minutes) Part A: Spot DictationDirections: In this part of the test, you will hear a passage and read the same passage with blanks in it. Fill in each of the blanks with the ward or words you have heard on the tape. Write your answer in the corresponding space in you ANSWER BOOKLET. Remember you will hear the passage only once. What is a gesture? A gesture is a movement of the hand or body that expresses ______ (1) or intention. It is an action that sends a ______ (2) from one person to another. To become a gesture, an act has to be seen by someone else and has to ______ (3) some piece of information to them. There are some gestures, however, that have ______ (4) depending on when and where they are used. When an American wants to signal that something is OK, ______ (5), he raises his hand and makes a circle with his thumb and forefinger. This circle-sign has ______ (6) for him, and he might be surprised to ______ (7) that in other countries it can mean something very different. In Japan, for instance, it is the gesture for money. ______ (8), it means zero or worthless. Such differences can, of course, lead to ______ (9)when foreigners meet, But why is it that the same gesture basso many different meanings? When some people want to show that something is ______ (10), they make a sign to show they are holding ______ (11) between the tips of their thumb and forefinger. Many people from all over the world ______ (12) when emphasizing a certain point as they speak. The object they hold is ______ (13), and they simply perform the action of holding it. In this way, they ______ (14) with the thumb and forefinger. In America, this unconscious gesture grew into a ______ (15) meaning exactly right or perfect. This was how the ______ (16) was born. The Japanese sign for money comes from a completely different source. ______ (17), and coins are round. Therefore, making a ______ (18) came to .symbolize money. It is as simple as that. The French sign for nothing or worthless also ______ (19) a simple source. This time, however, the circle does not represent a coin, it only indicates nought. Nought means nothing, ______ (20).Part B: Listening ComprehensionDirections: In this part of the test, you will hear several short statements. These statements will be spoken ONLY ONCE, and you will not find them written on the paper; so you must listen carefully. When you hear a statement, read the answer choices and decide which one is closest in meaning to the statement youhave heard. Then write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. 1. (A) Doris pointed out where the key was. (B) Doris doesn't want to be appointed. (C) Doris is usually a punctual person. (D) Doris doesn't know she has an appointment. 2. (A) Even though the car arrived early, the meeting began late. (B) The meeting was postponed, although we set off early today. (C) We left early today for the meeting, but we were delayed. (D) We started our journey early, so we were early for the meeting. 3. (A) Three years later, the stock market crashed. (B) Half of the stocks in the market were devalued within five years. (C) About 50 % of rite products were more expensive than they had been 3 years before. (D) The country's GNP was reduced by nearly 50% in three years. 4. (A) Tony won't receive additional payment, no matter how hard he works. (B) Tony couldn't understand why his boss is not satisfied with his success (C) Tony is unable to meet his sales quota this year because of the extra load of work. (D) Tony is confident that his work will save the firm from bankruptcy. 5. (A) Everyone knew that Jennifer was the CEO's secretary in Detroit. (B) Jennifer didn't meet the well-known CEO from the headquarters, (C) The CEO was away to meet Jennifer in our headquarters in Detroit. (D) The Detroit headquarters had decided to appoint Jennifer to be a CEO. 6. (A) The manager has refused to see you off at the airport. (B) The manager will be dealing with something urgent in prison. (C) The manager will be attending a welcome party at the airport. (D) The manager has to cancel her previous arrangement. 7. (A) The director told the secretary to finish the survey report on time. (B) The director told the secretary to wind the clock in the office. (C) The director told the secretary to take the report home. (D) The director told the secretary not to rush for the survey report. 8. (A) We intend to withdraw fund on that project, for it is necessary to do so. (B) We should proceed with the project, although we have difficulties. (C) We decide to give up the project, so that we can work on a new one. (D) We have to reject the gift and continue to raise money for that project of ours. 9. (A) High productivity may have negative effects on our own existence. (B) More and better goods and services can raise our living standards. (C) The rising prices of goods and services may lead to the damage of our environment. (D) We should produce high-quality goods to protect our natural resources. 10. (A) After three years of hard work, I have been promoted to department head. (B) After years of work, I think I need to talk with someone about my career. (C) The department head has ruthlessly turned down my request for a salary raise. (D) The department head has postponed the promotion campaign for months.2. Talks and Conversations Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear Several short talks and conversations. After each of these, you will hear a few questions. Listen carefully because you will hear the talk or conversation and questions Only ONCE. When you hear a question, read the four answer choices and choose the best answer to that question. Then write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.Questions 11-1411. (A) In her office. (B) In a cinema. (C) In her home. (D) In a restaurant. 12. (A) The assistant manager has made an appointment with her. (B) Mr. Brown is going to pay a visit to her house. (C) The man has been late for a couple of times. (D) She has to return home first to change her dress. 13. (A) They will go to a party. (B) They will attend a fashion show. (C) They will see a film. (D) They will go home. 14. (A) Because it is their only night together. (B) Because it is the last night for the film show. (C) Because it is their wedding anniversary. (D) Because it is a chance to see the woman in uniform.Questions 15-1815. (A) Its long history. (B) Its large library. (C) Its college system. (D) Its admission qualifications. 16. (A) The accommodation. (B) The award of degrees. (C) The examinations. (D) The programme of studies. 17. (A) They are better than those of other universities. (B) They are open to all the students of the university. (C) They can be attended by students of a particular study. (D) They are given once a week, according to the tutor's advice. 18. (A) In the Fellows' Club. (B) At the restaurant. (C) In the college chapel. (D) On college campus.Questions 19-2219. (A) Because she was not in a hurry. (B) Because she wanted to save money. (C) Because she could enjoy sightseeing. (D) Because she lived near the bus stop. 20. (A) Taxis. (B) The railway. (C) The tube. (D) Double-deckers. 21. (A) To show the excellence of its international air service. (B) To stress the importance of its strategic position. (C) To contrast it with internal air service of other cities. (D) To provide an answer to the problem of traffic congestion. 22. (A) Its advanced technology. (B) Its geographical location. (C) Its changing climate. (D) Its demand for oil in the North Sea.Questions 23-2623. (A) President Roosevelt's death. (B) President Johnson's last days. (C) Eleanor Roosevelt's retirement. (D) Presidents after World War II. 24. (A) Poor people. (B) Migrant workers. (C) Female journalists. (D) Civil rights activists. 25. (A) Because of his old age. (B) Because of his health. (C) Because of his position as US president. (D) Because of his noble family tradition. 26. (A) How to defeat the enemy in the war. (B) How to score more in a poker game. (C) What to say to make others laugh. (D) What to drink to replenish oneself.Questions 27-3027. (A) Because he doesn't want to stay in Bangkok. (B) Because he is tired of surface transport. (C) Because he is afraid of getting sea sickness. (D) Because he has to be back by next Tuesday. 28. (A) They have debts to pay off. (B) They live in a small flat(C) They both work in a firm. (D) They both enjoy travel by air. 29. (A) Reading newspapers and magazines. (B) Watching surface transport on the sea and ground. (C) Lunching on a special kind of fish pie. (D) Eating and drinking his favorites. 30. (A) It is a popular means of transport. (B) It is no better than surface transport. (C) It is safer than other means of transport. (D) It is no longer enjoyable and convenient.Part C: Listening and Translation1. Sentence Translation Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear 5 sentences in English. You will hear the sentences ONLY ONCE. After you have heard each sentence, translate it into Chinese and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)2. Passage Translation Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear 2 passages in English. You will hear the passages ONLY ONCE. After you have heard each passage, translate it into Chinese and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. You may take notes while you are listening. (1)(2)SECTION 2: STUDY SKILLS (50 minutes)Directions: In this section, you will read several passages. Each passage is followed by several questions based on its content. You are to choose ONE best answer, (A), (B), (C) or (D), to each question. Answer all the questions following each passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in that passage and write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.Questions 1-5Faces, like fingerprints, are unique. Did you ever wonder how it is possible for us to recognize people? Even a skilled writer probably could not describe all the features that make one face different from another. Yet a very young child—or even an animal, such as a pigeon—can learn to recognize faces. We all take this ability for granted. We also tell people apart by how they behave. When we talk about someone's personality, we mean the ways in which he or she acts, speaks, thinks and feels that make that individual different from others. Like the human face, human personality is very complex. But describing someone's personality in words is somewhat easier than describing his face. If you were asked to describe what a "nice face" looked like, you probably would have a difficult time doing so. But if you were asked to describe a "nice person," you might begin to think about someone who was kind, considerate, friendly, warm, and so forth. There are many words to describe how a person thinks, feels and acts. Gordon Ports, an American psychologist, found nearly 18000 English words characterizing differences in people's behavior. And many of us use this information as a basis for describing, or typing, his personality. Bookworms, conservatives, military types—people are described with such terms. People have always tried to "type" each other. Actors in early Greek drama wore masks to show the audience whether they played the villain's or the hero's role. In fact, the words "person" and "personality" come from the Latin persona, meaning "mask". Today, most television and movie actors do not wear masks. But we can easily tell the "good guys" from the "bad guys" because the two types differ in appearance as well as in actions. 1. The main idea of this passage is ______. (A) how to distinguish people's faces (B) how to describe people's personality (C) how to distinguish people both inwardly and outwardly (D) how to tell good persons from bad persons without wearing masks 2. The author is most probably a ______. (A) linguist (B) plastic surgeon (C) manager (D) sociologist 3. Which of the following statements is NOT true?(A) People may have different personalities. (B) People differ from each other in appearance. (C) People can learn to recognize human faces. (D) People can describe all human features of others. 4. The reason that it is easier to describe one's personality in words than one's face is that ______. (A) many words are available to describe personality (B) a person's personality is easily distinguished (C) people's personalities are very much alike (D) a person's face is more complex than his personality 5. We learn from the passage that people are classified according to ______. (A) their way of wearing masks (B) their way of speaking and playing (C) their knowledge and behavior (D) their physical appearance and personalityQuestions 6-10Before, whenever we had health, we stated discussing poverty. Why no now? Why is the current politics of wealth and poverty seemingly about wealth alone? Eight years ago, when Bill Clinton first ran for president, the Dow Jones average was under 3,500, yearly federal budget deficits were projected at hundreds of billions of dollars forever and beyond, and no one talked about the "permanent boom" or the "new economy." Yet in that more straitened time, Clinton made much of the importance of "not leaving a single person behind." It is possible that similar "compassionate" rhetoric might yet play a role in the general election. But it is striking how much less talk there is about the poor than there was eight years ago, when the country was economically uncertain, or in previous eras, when the country felt flush. Even last summer, when Clinton spent several days on a remarkable, Bobby Kennedy-like pilgrimage through impoverished areas from Indian reservations in South Dakota to ghetto neighborhoods in East St. Louis, the administration decided to refer to the effort not as a poverty tour but as a "new markets initiative." What is happening is partly a logical, policy-driven reaction. Poverty really is lower than it has been in decades, especially for minority groups. The most attractive solution to it—a growing economy—is being applied. The people who have been totally left out of this boom often have medical, mental or other problems for which no one has an immediate solution. "The economy has sucked in anyone who has any preparation, any ability to cope with modern life," says Franklin D. Raines, the former director of the Office of Management and Budget who is now head of Fannie Mae. When he and other people who specialize in the issue talk about solutions, they talk analytically and long-term: education, development of work skills, shifts in the labor market, adjustment in welfare reform. But I think there is another force that has made this a rich era with barely visible poor people. It is the unusual social and imaginative separation between prosperous America and those still left out. ... It's simple invisibility, because ofincreasing geographic, occupation, and social barriers that block one group from the other's view. 6. The main idea of the passage is that ______. (A) The county is enjoying economic growth (B) The poor are benefiting from today's good economy (C) We were more aware of the poor than we are today (D) There were many more poor people tan there are today 7. The organizational pattern of the first two paragraphs of this passage is ______. (A) order of importance (B) comparison and contrast (C) chronological order (D) classification and division 8. In line 6 of the first paragraph, the word straitened means ______. (A) prosperous (B) difficult (C) relaxing (D) significant 9. From this passage, we can conclude that ______. (A) the status quo of the rich and the poor has changed (B) the good and prosperous economy will soon end (C) poverty will be removed as a result of increased wealth (D) all people benefit from good economic conditions 10. According to the author, one important reason that we do not talk much about poverty is that ______. (A) no one knows what to do about it (B) poverty really is lower than in the past (C) no one has been left out of the current boom (D) the president is not concerned about the poorQuestions 11-15Our visit to the excavation of a Roman fort on a hill near Coventry was of more than archaeological interest. The year's dig had been a fruitful one and had assembled evidence of a permanent military camp much larger than had at first been conjectured. We were greeted on the site by a group of excavators, some of them filling in a trench that had yielded an almost complete pot the day before, others enjoying the last-day luxury of a cigarette in the sun, but all happy to explain and talk about their work. If we had not already known it, nothing would have suggested that this was a party of prisoners from the nearby prison. This is not the first time that prison labour has been used in work of this kind, but here the experiment, now two years old, has proved outstandingly satisfactory. From the archaeologists' point of view, prisoners provide a steady force of disciplined labour throughout the entire season, men to whom it is a serious day's work, and not the rather carefree holiday job that it tends to be for the amateur archaeologist. Newcomers are comparatively few, and can soon beinitiated by those already trained in the work. Prisoners may also be more accustomed to heavy work like shovelling and carting soil than the majority of students, and they also form a fair cross-section of the population and can furnish men whose special skills make them valuable as surveyors, draughtsmen of pottery restorers. When Coventry's Keeper of Archaeology went to the prison to appeal for help, he was received cautiously by the men, but when the importance of the work was fully understood, far more volunteers were forthcoming then could actually be employed. When they got to work on the site, and their efforts produced pottery and building foundations in what until last year had been an ordinary field, their enthusiasm grew till they would sometimes work through their lunch hour and tea break, and even carry on in the rain rather than sit it out in the hut. This was undoubtedly because the work was not only strenuous but absorbing, and called for considerable intelligence. The men worked always under professional supervision, but as the season went on they needed less guidance and knew when an expert should be summoned. Disciplinary problems were negligible: the men were carefully selected for their good conduct and working on a party like this was too valuable a privilege to be thrown away. The Keeper of Archaeology said that this was by far the most satisfactory form of labour that he had ever had, and that it had produced results, in quantity and quality, that could not have been achieved by any other means. A turf and timber fort built near the Roman highway through the middle of England in the first century A.D. had been excavated over an area of 14,000 square feet, and a section of turf rampart and palisade fully reconstructed by methods identical to those employed by the Roman army. The restoration of the Roman fort is being financed by Coventry Corporation as part of a plan to create a leisure amenity area. To this project prisoners have contributed work which otherwise would not have been performed and which benefits the whole community. 11. The visit to the excavation site was ______. (A) of purely archaeological interest (B) fruitful because a complete pot was discovered (C) interesting in more than one way (D) made by a group of prisoners 12. It can be assumed that archaeologists ______. (A) found that the prisoners worked far better than students (B) did not like the prisoners' carefree attitude to work (C) were willing to take only a few prisoners to work on the site (D) were often forced to discipline the prisoners 13. Prisoners demonstrated their attitude to work by ______. (A) spending most of their time sitting in a hut (B) insisting on professional guidance (C) taking no initiative (D) working voluntarily 14. When prisoners were selected for the work ______. (A) many of them refused to co-operate (B) their previous behaviour was taken into account (C) they were told they must work in all weathers (D) they were warned that there would be no privileges15. The Keeper of Archaeology said that ______. (A) he had expected more of the fort to be revealed (B) the palisade was very primitive (C) only prison labour could produce such good results (D) the methods to construct the Roman fort were proved identicalQuestions 16-20Flats were almost unknown in Britain until the 1850s when they were developed, along with other industrial dwellings, for the laboring classes. These vast blocks were plainly a convenient means of easing social conscience by housing large numbers of the ever-present poor on compact city sites. During the 1880s, however, the idea of living in comfortable residential chambers caught on with the affluent upper and upper middle classes, and controversy as to the advantages and disadvantages of flat life was a topic of conversation around many a respectable dinner-table. In Paris and other major European cities, the custom whereby the better-off lived in apartments, or flats, was well established. Up to the late nineteenth century in England only bachelor barristers had established the tradition of living in rooms near the Law Court: any self-respecting head of household would insist upon a West End town house as his London home, the best that his means could provide. The popularity of flats for the better-off seems to have developed for a number of reasons. First, perhaps, through the introduction of the railways, which had enabled a wide range of people to enjoy a holiday staying in a suite at one of the luxury hotels which had begun to spring up during the previous decade. Hence, no doubt, the fact that many of the early luxury flats were similar to hotel suites, even being provided with communal dining-rooms and central boilers for hot water and heating. Rents tended to be high to cover overheads, but savings were made possible by these communal amenities and by tenants being able to reduce the number of family servants. One of the earliest substantial London developments of flats for the well-to-do was begun soon after Victoria Railway Station was opened in 1860, as the train service provided an efficient link with both the City and the South of England. Victoria Street, adjacent to both the Station and Westminster, had already been formed, and under the direction of the architect, Henry Ashton, was being lined, with blocks of residential chambers in the Parisian manner. These flats were commodious indeed, offering between eight and fifteen rooms apiece, including appropriate domestic offices. The idea was an emphatic departure from the tradition of the London house and achieved immediate success. Perhaps the most notable block in the vicinity was Queen Anne's Mansions, partly designed by E. R. Robson in 1884 and recently demolished. For many years, this was London's loftiest building and had strong claims to be the ugliest. The block was begun as a wild speculation, modelled on the American skyscraper, and was nearly 200 feet high. The cliff-like walls of dingy brick completely overshadowed the modest thoroughfare nearby. Although bleak outside, the mansion flats were palatial within, with sumptuously furnished communal entertaining and dining rooms, and lifts to the uppermost floors. Thesuccess of these tall blocks of flats could not have been achieved, of course, without the invention of the lift, or 'ascending carriage' as it was called when first used in the Strand Law Courts in the 1870s. 16. Flats first appeared in Britain in the middle of the 19th century when ______. (A) they were principally built for those families with several servants (B) people were not conscious of the crowded housing of the less well-to-do (C) there was increasing concern over accommodation for the poor (D) people became conscious of the social needs of the rural population 17. English upper-middle-class families preferred to ______. (A) live mainly outside London, where it was healthier and cheaper (B) live near their working place (C) live in the West End (D) live in London, but mainly not in the West End 18. One effect of the railways coming to central London was to stimulate the building of ______ (A) large and well-appointed hotels (B) blocks of self-contained flats (C) rows of elegant town houses (D) flats similar to hotel suites 19. The immediate success of the flats in Victoria Street could be attributed to ______. (A) their French style of architecture (B) their revolutionary style of architecture (C) the ease with which they could be used as offices (D) the unusual number of rooms each flat contained 20. How does the writer refer to the interior and exterior of Queen Anne's Mansions? (A) They were elegantly decorated both inside and outside. (B) They were grim from the outside and had a modest decor inside. (C) They were flashy from the street but nondescript inside. (D) They were plain outside but with lavish interiors.Questions 21-25Troubled by the poor performance of their investments, many people are taking steps to halt erosion of their savings and rethink their financial plans. They are not sure what to do to maximize returns in light of stock market fluctuations, new tax laws, low interest rates and skyrocketing real estate values. "On an emotional level, people are petrified of making a mistake and losing more money," says financial counselor Denise Hughes. "The do-it-yourself investor of the 1990s is more comfortable now doing nothing." But doing nothing isn't better than doing something smart, especially as college, weddings and retirement loom. Here's what financial advisors are recommending to their clients: Plan for financial aid Most parents don't save nearly enough for children's education. They assume that investing in a 529 college plan is the best place for your savings,While a 529 plan offers tax-free growth and withdrawals for college costs—and in some cases a tax deduction—colleges look at these savings when sizing up eligibility and how much they will fork over. The same scrutiny is given to funds saved in a Coverdell IRA and in an account opened in your child's name. Do save aggressively for college in a taxable account in your name if your household income is below $ 100,000. In this case, your child will likely qualify for some financial aid. Do invest in a 529 savings plan if your income is higher than $100,000 and will likely remain at or above that level when your child enters college. In this case, the 529 plan is great because you probably won't qualify for financial aid anyway. Expect ups and downs Stung by three straight years of stock market declines, many people have been shifting to lower-risk investments. But just as taking too much risk can hurt your portfolio's growth rate, so can hiding out in ultra, safe investments; paying 1% or less. Do consider investing in funds that you'll hold on to for more than a year. Under the new tax law, long-term capital gains are taxed at a maximum of 15%, down from 20%. Do look at stock funds that pay dividends. Dividends on stocks used to be taxed at your personal income tax rate, Under the new law, they are now taxed at no more than 15%. Investing in these funds will not only hold down taxes but also sustain your portfolio's value in tough times. Forget high fees Over the next ten years, achieving the kind of double-digit returns we experienced over the past 20 years will be much harder, predicts Harold Evensky, a certified financial planner. "In the 1990s, the average rate of return for a portfolio allocated 60% to stocks and 40% to bonds was 13.2% after taxes and transaction expenses." Over the coming decade, this rate is expected to be closer to 5.5% as the 50-year historical average returns to the neighborhood of 8%. Don't pay unnecessarily high investment costs and fees. For example, if you can save half a percentage point on your fund expense ratio (the fee that funds charge you each year to manage your money), your average investment return could be 6% instead of 5%, he says. Feather your nest egg Do estimate how much cash you'll need each year to sustain your standard of living when you reach retirement and withdraw from your IRA and your other retirement accounts. With this yearly sum in mind, calculate how big your nest egg has to be to produce that income stream, assuming that your portfolio's value earns a conservative 5% to 6% a year. 21. Which of the following is NOT true about the investors of the 1990s? (A) They might need professional help. (B) They live a comfortable life now with nothing to do. (C) They are afraid of making wrong decisions and losing money. (D) They are trying to protect what they make and save rather than taking risks. 22. According to the passage, a 529 savings account ______. (A) is the best choice for low-income families (B) offers tax-free growth and withdrawals (C) works best for those who are not qualified for financial aid (D) should start in your child's name。