2010.9中级口译真题
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2010年9月中级口译真题Part A: Spot DictationDirections: In this part of the test, you will hear a passage and read the same passage with blanks in it. Fill in each of the blanks with the word or words you have heard on the tape. Write your answer in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. Remember you will hear the passage ONL Y ONCE.British people are far more sophisticated about beverages than they were 50 years ago. Witness the Starbucks revolution and you'll know where ___________ (1) goes. However, spurred on by recent studies suggesting that it can cut the risk of ___________ (2) and retard the aging process, tea is enjoying a ___________ (3).Although tea is available in more places than ever, it remains to be _____________ (4) of a typical British family.If you are invited to an English home, _____________ (5) in the morning you get a cup of tea. It is either brought in by a heartily _____________ (6) or an almost malevolently silent maid. When you are _____________ (7) in your sweetest morning sleep you must not say: 'Go away, you _____________ (8).' On the contrary, you have to declare with your best five o'clock smile: 'Thank you very much. I _____________ (9) a cup of tea, especially in the morning.' If they leave you alone with the liquid you may pour it _____________ (10)!Then you have ___________ (11)。
9月中级口译真题+参考答案(4)Questions 16-20We are moving inexorably into the age of automation. Our aim is not to devise a mechanism which can perform a thousand different actions of any individual man but, on the contrary, one which could by a single action replace a thousand men.Industrial automation has moved along three lines. First there is the conveyor belt system of continuous production whereby separate operations are linked into a single sequence. The goods produced by this well-established method are untouched by the worker, and the machine replaces both unskilled and semiskilled. Secondly, there is automation with feedback control of the quality of the product: here mechanisms are built into the system which can compare the output with a norm, that is, the actual product with what it is supposed to be, and then correct any shortcomings. The entire cycle of operations dispenses with human control except in so far as monitors are concerned. One or two examples of this type of automation will illustrate its immense possibilities. There is a factory in the U.S.A. which makes 1,000 million electric light bulbs a year, and the factory employs three hundred people. If the preautomation techniques were to be employed, the labour force required would leap to 25,000. A motor manufacturing company with 45,000 spare parts regulates their entire supply entirely by computer. Computers can be entrusted with most of the supervision of industrial installations, such as chemical plants or oil refineries. Thirdly, there is computer automation, for banks, accounting departments, insurance companies and the like. Here the essential features are the recording, storing, sorting and retrieval of information.The principal merit of modern computing machines is the achievement of theirvastly greater speed of operation by comparison with unaided human effort; a task which otherwise might take years, if attempted at all, now takes days or hours.One of the most urgent problems of industrial societies rapidly introducing automation is how to fill the time that will be made free by the machines which will take over the tasks of the workers. The question is not simply of filling empty time but also of utilizing the surplus human energy that will be released. We are already seeing straws in the wind: destructive outbursts on the part of youth whose work no longer demands muscular strength. While automation will undoubtedly do away with a large number of tedious jobs, are we sure that it will not put others which are equally tedious in their place? For an enormous amount of sheer monitoring will be required. A man in an automated plant may have to sit for hours on and watching dials and taking decisive action when some signal informs him that all is not well. What meaning will his occupation bear for the worker? How will he devote his free time after a four or five hour stint of labour? Moreover, what, indeed, will be the significance for him of his leisure? If industry of the future could be purged of its monotony and meaninglessness, man would then be better equipped to use his leisure time constructively.16. The main purpose of automation is _________.(A)to devise the machine which could replace the semi-skilled(B)to process information as fast as possible(C)to develop an efficient labor-saving mechanism(D)to make an individual man perform many different actions17. The chief benefit of computing machines is ________.(A)their greater speed of operation(B)their control of the product quality(C)their conveyor belt system of continuous production(D)their supervision of industrial installations18. One of the problems brought about by automation in industrial societies is _________.(A)plenty of information(B)surplus human energy(C)destructive outbursts(D)less leisure time19. Which of the following best explains the use of ‘stint’ (para.4)?(A)Effort.(B)Force.(C)Excess.(D)Period.20. According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?(A)There is no automation with feedback control of the quality of the product.(B)Computers are reliable in any supervision of industrial installations.(C)The essential features for banks are the recording and sorting of information.(D)Automation will undoubtedly eliminate numerous tedious jobs.Questions 21-25The city water pipes in Rome were usually of baked clay or lead; copper was sometimes used and also hollowed stone. For the large supply conduits leading to the city the Romans used covered channels with free water surfaces, rather than pipes. Perhaps this choice was a matter of economics, for apparently they could make lead pipes up to 15 inches in diameter. While pipes can follow the profile of undulatingground, with the pressure increasing in the lower areas, channels cannot. They must slope continuously downwards, because water in channels does not normally flow uphill; and the grade must be flat, from 1 in 60 in small channels to perhaps 1 in 3,000 in large ones, to keep the water speed down to a few feet per second. Thus the main supply channels or aqueducts had long lengths of flat grade and where they crossed depressions or valleys they were carried on elevated stone bridges in the form of tiered arches. At the beginning of the Christian era there were over 30 miles of these raised aqueducts in the 250 miles of channels and tunnels bringing water to Rome. The channels were up to 6 feet wide and 5 to 8 feet high. Sometimes channels were later added on the tops of existing ones. The remains of some of these aqueducts still grace the skyline on the outskirts of Rome and elsewhere in Europe similar ruins are found.Brick and stone drains were constructed in various parts of Rome. The oldest existing one is the Cloaca Maxima which follows the course of an old stream. It dates back at least to the third century B.C. Later the drains were used for sewage, flushed by water from the public baths and fountains, as well as street storm run-off.The truly surprising aspect of the achievements of all the ancient hydraulic artisans is the lack of theoretical knowledge behind their designs. Apart from the hydrostatics of Archimedes, there was no sound understanding of the most elementary principles of fluid behaviour. Sextus Frontinus, Rome’s water commissioner around A.D. 100, did not fully realize that in order to calculate the volume rate of flow in a channel it is necessary to allow for the speed of the flow as well as the area of cross-section. The Romans’ flow standard was the rate at which water would flow through a bronze pipe roughly 4/3 inch in diameter and 9 inches long. When this pipe was connected to the side of a water-supply pipe or channel as a delivery outlet, it was assumed that theoutflow was at the standard rate. In fact, the amount of water delivered depended not only on the cross-sectional area of the outlet pipe but also on the speed of water flowing through it and this speed depended on the pressure in the supply pipe.21. The Romans used all of the following to make water pipes EXCEPT _________.(A)earth (B)wood (C)copper (D)stone22. Covered channels were used instead of pipes to supply large quantities of water probably because _________.(A)the Romans could build them more cheaply(B)these channels could follow uneven ground more easily(C)the Romans could not build large pipes(D)these channels avoided rapid changes of pressure23. The use of ‘grace’ in line 15 suggests that the aqueducts today are _________.(A)hideous (B)divine (C)useful (D)attractive24. In order to calculate the volume of water flowing through a pipe, it is important to know its speed and ________.(A)the area across the end of the pipe (B)the length of the pipe(C)the water pressure in the pipe (D)the level from which the water falls25. The main subject of the passage is concerned essentially with __________.(A)the classical scientific achievements(B)the theoretical Greek hydrostatics(C)the ancient Roman hydraulic system(D)the early European architectural designingQuestions 26-30Every day of our lives we are in danger of instant death from small high-speed missiles from space-the lumps of rocky or metallic debris which continuously bombard the Earth. The chances of anyone actually being hit, however, are very low, although there are recorded instances of ‘stones from the sky’ hurting people, and numerous accounts of damage to buildings and other objects. At night this extraterrestrial material can be seen as ‘fireballs’ or ‘shooting stars’, burning their way through our atmosphere. Most, on reaching our atmosphere, become completely vaporised.The height above ground at which these objects become sufficiently heated to be visible is estimated to be about 60-100 miles. Meteorites that have fallen on buildings have sometimes ended their long lonely space voyage incongruously under beds, inside flower pots or even, in the case of one that landed on a hotel in North Wales, within a chamber pot. Before the era of space exploration it was confidently predicted that neither men nor space vehicles would survive for long outside the protective blanket of the Earth’s atmosphere. It was thought that once in space they would be seriously damaged as a result of the incessant downpour of meteorites falling towards our planet at the rate of many millions every day. Even the first satellites showed that the danger from meteorites had been greatly overestimated by the pessimists, but although it has not happened yet, it is certain that one day a spacecraft will be badly damaged by a meteorite.The greatest single potential danger to life on Earth undoubtedly comes from outside our planet. Collision with another astronomical body of any size or with a ‘black hole’ could completely destroy the Earth almost instantly. Near misses of bodies larger than or comparable in size to our own planet could be equally disastrous tomankind as they might still result in total or partial disruption. If the velocity of impact were high, collision with even quite small extraterrestrial bodies might cause catastrophic damage to the Earth’s atmosphere, oceans and outer crust and thus produce results inimical to life as we know it. The probability of collision with a large astronomical body from outside our Solar System is extremely low, possibly less than once in the lifetime of an average star. We know, however, that our galaxy contains great interstellar dust clouds and some astronomers have suggested that there might also be immense streams of meteorite matter in space that the Solar system may occasionally encounter. Even if we disregard this possibility, our own Solar system itself contains a great number of small astronomical bodies, such as the minor planets or asteroids and the comets, some with eccentric orbits that occasionally bring them close to the Earth’s path.26. According to the writer, the Earth is being continuously bombarded by _________.(A)big bright stars from space(B)man-made space vehicles(C)great interstellar dust clouds(D)small high-speed pieces of rock from space27. The word “vaporised” (para.1)means _________.(A)turned from stones into missiles(B)turned from a fireball into black(C)turned from a solid into a gas(D)turned from meteors into shooting stars28. Why was it once thought that no spacecraft would survive for very long inspace?(A)People believed that spacecraft would be destroyed in a black hole.(B)People believed that spacecraft would be misguided by missiles.(C)People believed that spacecraft would be collided with a star.(D)People believed that spacecraft would be damaged by meteorites.29. What is the greatest danger to life on Earth?(A)Collision with small high-speed missiles.(B)Collision with an astronomical body.(C)Collision with stones from the sky.(D)Collision with spacecrafts.30. According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?(A)Our galaxy contains great interstellar dust clouds.(B)Near misses of bodies smaller than our own planet could be disastrous.(C)The probability of collision with a large astronomical body is very high.(D)The chances of anyone actually being hit by missiles are very high.。
中级口译考试口译考试历届考题总结(新)(★)第一篇:中级口译考试口译考试历届考题总结(新)上海市中级口译考试口译考试历届考题总结[上] 第一期内容,为上海市中级口译考试口译历届试题的前12套考卷的总结.以下内容包括二百六十九个语言点,包括好句子,需要记忆的词组以及常见句型,关注于语言表达的结构功能1.我非常感谢...Thank you very much for...2.热情友好的欢迎辞gracious speech of welcome4.访问...是...A visit to...have...5.多年梦寐以求的愿望has long been my dream6...给予我一次...的机会...(The visit will)give me(an excellent)opportunity to...7.我为...,再次表达(我的愉快之情和荣幸之感)。
I wish to say again that I am so delighted and privileged to...8.(我对您为我到达贵国后所做的一切安排)深表感谢。
I’m deeply grateful for everything you've done for me since my arrival in China.9.(我很高兴)有此机会(来贵公司工作),与中国汽车业的杰出人士合作共事。
I’m very glad to have the opportunity to work in your company with a group of brilliant people in China's automobile industries.10....多年来一直盼望...have been looking forward to...for many years12.你若不在意的话,...If you don't mind,13.去...走走tour around...14.浦江商务旅游公司 note:Pu Jiang Business Travel Company15.国家旅游局the Chinese National Tourist Administration16.经...批准的......approved by...18.以...为主要服务对象provide services mainly to...19.公司的宗旨是...We operate under the principle of...21...及其周边地区...and its surrounding areas22.提供全方位的服务 offer an all-round service to...24.坦诚相待...in an honest partnership25.商务 Reference: business activities26.我们很高兴...It gives us great pleasure to...27.再次接待...note: to play host to...once again29.学校的全体师生员工the faculty, students and staff of the university30.向...表示热烈欢迎...wish to extend one's warm welcome to...31.格林博士和夫人Dr.and Mrs.Green32.我相信...I am convinced that.33.这次对...的访问current visit to...34....必将为......will surely...35.作出(重要)贡献make an important contribution to...36.祝大家...wish you all...37.友好合作关系the friendly relations and cooperations38.我怀着非常愉快的心情(出席本届年会).It is with great pleasure that I am here to attendthis annual meeting.39.值此...之际,...On the occasion of....40.我为能有机会...,向....致以深深的谢意.I would like to express my deep appreciation to...for this opportunity to...41.就...问题进行发言 to address the meeting on the topic of...42....为...提供了(理想的)场所...provides us with an ideal arena where we will...43.我愿借此机会,就全世界范围内的环境保护问题,发表自己的一些看法,与各位一起商讨.I wish to take this opportunity to discuss with you my thoughts on the issue of world-wide environmental protection.44.在这举国同庆的夜晚,...On the occasion of this evening of national celebration,...45.各位来宾all the guests46.光临我们的春节联欢晚会come to this party to celebrate our Spring Festival47.(在座)各位all present here48.轻松,欢快的 most relaxing and delightful49.春节是我国一年中的良辰佳时.The Chinese Spring Festival isa very wonderful and joyous occasion in our tradition.51.外国来宾overseas visitors(guests)52.尽情品尝中国的传统美酒和佳肴have a good time enjoying to one's hearts' content the finest traditional Chinese cuisine and wine53.彼此沟通,增进友谊to get to know each other and to increase our friendship54.最后,我再次感谢各位嘉宾的光临,并祝各位新年身体健康,事业有成,吉祥如意.In closing, I'd like to thank you again for your presence and wish everyone good health, a successful career and the very best of luck in the new year.55.热情的迎接和款待warm reception and hospitality56.The past five days in China,...在中国度过的这五天57.令人愉快,难以忘怀!be truly pleasant and enjoyable and most memorable58.我特别要称颂我们的中国合作者,他们的真诚合作与支持使这项协议得以签署.I particularly want to pay tribute to our Chinese partners for their sincere cooperation and support in concluding these agreements.59.我敬请各位与我一起举杯,为我们两家公司的永久友谊和合作而干杯!May I ask all of you present here to join me in raising your glasses, to the lasting friendship and cooperationbetween our two companies.60.中美合资企业a Sino-American joint venture61.I have to say that...我认为...62.business management 经营管理63.由于...,所以......, Due to...64.直率Reference: direct and straightforward65.I can't say our way of doing business is absolutely superior.我无法断言,我们的经营方式一定在他们之上.66.优点和弊端strong and weak points in...67.近年来,...In recent years...68.business executives 经理人员70....已认识到......have recognized...71.更具人情味的...the more humane way of...72.管理方式management73...在...中(上)存在差异there are differences in...between/among...74.现状current situation75.基于...,...Considering the fact that...,76.轿车目前在中国的占有率为每580人一辆车.There is only one car for every 580 Chinese at present 77.具有极大的诱惑力 be extremely attractive78.(中国已将关税)从(23%)降到了(17%)....cut...from...to...79.创造条件create conditions80....and in turn for the inevitable opening of its auto market to the outside world.进而敞开其汽车市场大门(创造了条件)81.(IBM上海公司的)正式开张典礼official launch of IBM of Shanghai82.各位如此钟情IBM的产品,这对我们的业务来说是一个好兆头.It's a sign of good business that you show so much interest in IBM products.83....,我感到万分荣幸.I regard it as a great honor that...84....期待者...Reference: be looking forward to...85.在...地位...position in...86.富有(中华民族文化)特色的......that ischaracteristic of Chinese national culture.87.安排了...的旅游路线offer you...tour program88.各位将要...You will...89.景点和名胜scenic spots and historical sites90.雄伟的古建筑群magnificent ancient architectural complexes92.真正的 authentic94.中国烹调 Chinese cuisine96.地方风味小吃 local delicacies 97.我国人民传统的热情何好客将使得各位这次访问愉快而难忘.The traditional warmth and hospitality with which the Chinese people entertain our guests will make your visit a pleasant and memorable experience.98....拥有......has...99....,占(人口总数的六分之一)....,constituting one-sixth of her total population劳动妇女working women101.取得(杰出的)成就make outstanding achievements in the fields of...102.各行各业的(年轻妇女)young women in all professions103...迫切希望...be eagerly seeking...104....有权...have the right to...105.参加participate in106....,因此(在社会和家庭中享有经济独立和平等地位).Thereby gaining economic independence and equal status in the society and at home.107.Right now,...现在,...108.elephant--->sheer size 庞大的体形109.zoo attractions 动物园园景110....不难区分...are not difficult to tell apart111....,whereas...这句型可以用作对比列举112.curve down in the middle 中间向下113.我代表我们代表团的全体成员,...On behalf of all the members of my delegation, I...114.During our stay,...在我们逗留期间,...115.impress sb.Deeply 给...留下很深刻的印象116.欢迎各位参加“对外汉语”学习Welcome to the Program of “Chinese as a Foreign language 117.近年来,世界各地学汉语者与日俱增.a worldwide interest in Chinese is increasing at an accelerating tempo118.从某种意义上说,汉语是一种很古老的语言,其最早的汉字已有近四千年的历史了.In a sense,...,with its earliest writings dating back nearly for thousand years.119.随着...,...With...,...120.我将适时介绍...I will discuss in due time...121.(汉语)对(中华民族的文化和思维)所产生的影响.the influence of the Chinese language on the cultural and intellectual development of the Chinese nation122.对于这门拥有世界上使用人数最多,文学历史最悠久的语言来说,这股学习热潮早该出现了.Considering that Chinese has the largest number of speakers in the world and the greatest depth in its literature, this interest is long overdue.123.受到/接受完整的中等教育receive a full secondary education124.显然这一现象已经影响了全民科学和文化水平的提高,与现代社会格格不入.This fact has obviously affected the improvement of general scientific and cultural levelsand is fully incompatible with a modernized society.125.因此,中国在努力发展经济的同时必须努力控制人口数量,并且提高人口素质.Therefore,China's efforts to develop the economy must be accompanied by equally vigorous efforts to control the population and improve its quality.126,人口增长也是中国普及中等教育比较缓慢的一个重要原因.note:原因不一定就是reason,”重要“也不一定就是important,注意这里的特殊句型.Population increaseis also a major factor behind China's relative slowness in establishing universal secondary school education.127.有人认为...Some people hold the view that...128.然而,更多人认为...However,more people are of the opinion that...129.深圳应该当好内地与香港之间的桥梁.Shenzhen should continue to play its role as a bridge linking Hong Kong and mainland.130.借助...的优势make use of the advantages of...131....发展成为...develop into...133.今天,我们聚会在一起,...T oday,we meet here to...134.广泛领域 a wide range of areas135....反映了......reflects...136.共同愿望shared desire137.对...产生积极影响have a positive impact on...138.我深信...I am deeply convinced that...139.携手合作work together for...140.本着...原则in the principle of...141.会议的圆满结束a successful conclusion of this meeting142.牢记以下几点 keep certain points in mind143.组建...(企业)set up...144.Now,let me go on to the legal aspect of a joint venture.note:注意”aspect"翻成什么好.下面我接着谈谈合资企业的法律问题145....,...,都要记住这一点....with this in mind.146.You have to understand the extent of your liability for actions of the joint venture.你必须考虑自己对该合资企业的行为承担多少责任.147.关注be concerned about148.现有市场 existing market149.sales area 销售区域150.We are not finished with you.我们跟你还没完呢!151.pick up the pieces and carry on 收拾残局,重整旗鼓,再图进取152.I began my life as the son of immigrants, and with great efforts I worked my way up to the presidency of the Ford Campany.我是作为移民的儿子进入人世的,凭自己的努力,一步步地当上了福特汽车公司地总裁.153.热情接待warm reception154.衷心的感谢heartfelt thanks for155.没有贵方的努力我们无法成功地达成合作协议.Without your effort it would have beenimpossible for us to reach the successful conclusion of our cooperative agreements156.来华投资 come to invest in China157.幅员辽阔has vast land158.劳动力资源丰富abundant human resource159.兴办(企业)establish160.market strategy 市场营销战略161.business dealings :商务运作162.这种投资方法对我们合作双方来说,都有丰厚地经济回报.I would say that this type of investment will yield fat economic returns for both partiesin our partnership.第二篇:中级口译考试段落文化是指一个民族的整体生活方式。
年9月中级口译考试真题,答案与解析Spot Dictation:We all have problems and barriers that block our progress or prevent us from moving into new areas. Our problems might include the fear of speaking in front of a group anxiety about math problemsor the reluctance to sound silly trying to speak a foreign language. It's natural to have problems and barriersbut sometimes they limit our experience so muchwe get bored with life. When that happensconsider the following three ways of dealing with the problem or barrier.One way is to pretend it doesn't exist. Avoid itdeny itand lie about it. It's like turning your head the other wayputting on a fake grinand saying"Seethere's really no problem at all. Everything is fine."In addition to looking foolishthis approach leaves the barrier intactand we keep bumping into it. Soa second approach is to fight the barrierto struggle against it. This usually makes the barrier grow. It increases the barrier's magnitude. A person who is obsessed with weight might constantly worry about being fat. He might struggle with it every daytrying diet after diet. And the more he strugglesthe bigger the problem gets.The third alternative is to love the barrier. Accept it. T otally experience it. Tell the truth about it. Describe it in detail.Applying this process is easier if you remember o ideas. First loving a problem is not necessarily the same as enjoying it. Love in this sense means total and unconditional acceptance. Secondunconditional acceptance is not the same as unconditional surrender. Accepting a problem is different than giving up or escaping from it. Ratherthis process involves escaping into the problemdiving into it headfirstand getting to know it in detail.Often the most effective solutions ewhen we face a problem squarelywith eyes wide openthen we can move through the probleminstead of around it. When you are willing to love your problemsyou drain them of much of their energy.【评析】本文选自Dave Ellis 的著作Being a Master Student其中的一个章节:Love your problems and experience your barriers,本文主要介绍了解决问题的三种办法,第一种是直接无视它,就当不存在;第二种是正视它,挑战它,第三种则是爱上困难,充分体验。
上海市高级口译第二阶段口试真题2010年9月(总分:9.00,做题时间:90分钟)一、口语题Directions:Talk on the following topic for 5 minutes. Be sure to make your points clear and supporting details adequate. You should also be ready to answer any questions raised by the examiners during your talk. You need to have your name and registration number recorded. Start your talk with "My name is " "My registration number is… "(总题数:1,分数:1.00)1.Topic:A Year of Economic RecoveryQuestions for Reference.1. Many economists say that the year 2009 was a year of economic recovery for China. What was the goal of the annual GDP growth rate set by the Chinese Government72. This recovery was due to the forcefulness of the Chinese government's policies. The best-known and most effective measure is the 4-trillion-yuan stimulus plan. The major investment was put in infrastructure construction. Could you explain what infrastructure means? Name and describe one or two instances of infrastructure construction in 2009.3. The economic recovery in 2009 has also improved the life of ordinary Chinese people. Say something about how you and your family, or your relatives or friends, have benefited from this economic recovery?(分数:1.00)__________________________________________________________________________________________正确答案:()解析:二、口译题(总题数:0,分数:0.00)三、Part ADirections:In this part of the test, you will hear 2 passages in English. After you have heard each paragraph, interpret it into Chinese. Start interpreting at the signal.., and stop it at the signal... You may take notes while you are listening. Remember you will hear the passages ONLY ONCE. Now let's begin Part A with the first passage.(总题数:1,分数:4.00)(分数:4.00)__________________________________________________________________________________________正确答案:(很荣幸参加今天这次重要会议。
9月中级口译真题+参考答案(1)Part A: Spot DictationDirections: In this part of the test, you will hear a passage and read the same passage with blanks in it. Fill in each of the blanks with the word or words you have heard on the tape. Write your answer in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. Remember you will hear the passage ONLY ONCE.British people are far more sophisticated about beverages than they were 50 years ago. Witness the Starbucks revolution and you’ll know where ___________ (1)goes. However, spurred on by recent studies suggesting that it can cut the risk of ___________ (2)and retard the aging process, tea is enjoying a ___________ (3).Although tea is available in more places than ever, it remains to be _____________ (4)of a typical British family.If you are invited to an English home, _____________ (5)in the morning you get a cup of tea. It is either brought in by a heartily _____________ (6)or an almost malevolently silent maid. When you are _____________ (7)in your sweetest morning sleep you must not say: ‘Go away, you _____________ (8).’ On the contrary, you have to declare with your best five o’clock smile: ‘Thank you very much. I _____________ (9)a cup of tea, especially in the morning.’ If they leave you alone with the liquid you may pour it _____________ (10)!Then you have ___________ (11); then you have tea at 11 o’clock in the morning; _____________ (12); then you have tea for tea; then after supper; and again at eleven o’clock _____________ (13).You must not refuse any additional cups of tea under the _____________ (14): if it is hot; if it is cold; if you are _____________ (15); if you are nervous; if you arewatching TV; _____________ (16); if you have just returned home; if you feel like it; if you do not feel like it; if you have had no tea ______________ (17); if you have just had a cup.You definitely must not ______________ (18). I sleep at five o’clock in the morning; I have coffee for breakfast; I drink innumerable _____________ (19)during the day; I have the _____________ (20)even at tea-time!Part B: Listening Comprehension1. StatementsDirections: In this part of the test, you will hear several short statements. These statements will be spoken ONLY ONCE, and you will not find them written on the paper; so you must listen carefully. When you hear a statement, read the answer choices and decide which one is closest in meaning to the statement you have heard. Then write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.1. (A)The program on Channel Eight reminds me of TV commercials.(B)The product advertised in the TV commercial cannot help cure my illness.(C)I don’t watch TV that much, because of the omnipresent advertis ements.(D)I have to sit on the sofa, because I am too sick to stand in front of the television.2. (A)The plane arrived at 7:30.(B)The plane arrived at 8:00.(C)The plane arrived at 9:00.(D)The plane arrived at 10:00.3. (A)I’ll ask someone else to read and check this agreement for errors.(B)I’ll think more about the agreement before making a decision.(C)It’s obvious that I’ll discuss the agreement with my assistant first.(D)It’s out of question that I shou ld get into any agreement with you.4. (A)The better members decided to cancel the meeting.(B)Less than half of the committee was away on business trips.(C)It’d be better if no one had attended this morning’s committee meeting……(D)The meeting was cancelled because of low attendance.5. (A)Supermarkets in the inner city and the suburbs are usually owned by the same company.(B)Products in grocery stores are more expensive than those in supermarkets.(C)There is a price difference for the same product even in shops run by the same company.(D)People prefer to shop in supermarkets, which are mostly located in the suburbs, with free parking space.6. (A)Many Americans cannot afford higher education because of the soaring college tuition fees and expenses.(B)Sending their children to college is no longer a bigger challenge for millions of Americans.(C)The American government has set the goal that it will eventually stop funding higher education institutions.(D)Nowadays, American parents have to pay more to send their children to college.7. (A)For many university graduates, the jobs they take will not be related to their academic achievements.(B)Because of economic recession, the number of university students majoring in liberal arts is declining.(C)University students who are interested in liberal arts will have more job opportunities upon graduation.(D)With high unemployment rate, many university students will have to opt for transferring to other majors.8. (A)Good business negotiators will never repeat what other people have already restated.(B)Restating by good business negotiators is not an effective way to check the information.(C)Good business negotiators are sometimes curious about other people’s restatements.(D)Restating what others have said is a good strategy for confirming understanding.9. (A)We cannot reach an agreement, let alone a spoken promise.(B)We’d better draft and then sign a written agreement.(C)We generally keep our promises in business transactions.(D)We hope you understand why we are unable to keep our promises.10. (A)I don’t think you have more to say on that topic.(B)I think we’d better talk about that in detail sometime later.(C)I am truly appreciative if you can elaborate on that topic after lunch.(D)I am busy right now, so we might as well discuss it over lunch today.2. Talks and ConversationsDirections: In this part of the test, you will hear several short talks andconversations After each of these, you will hear a few questions. Listen carefully because you will hear the talk or conversation and questions ONLY ONCE. When you hear a question, read the four choices and choose the best answer to that question. Then write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.Questions 11-1411. (A)Two (B)Three (C)Four (D)Five12. (A)A profit-making private school.(B)A non-profit-making independent school.(C)A state school that is funded by non-governmental sources.(D)A secondary school that is open to the majority of British students.13. (A)Many children are no longer placed in schools according to their academic abilities.(B)Many children can afford to study in private schools, as they become part of the state system.(C)Children from wealthy families no longer choose to go and study in public schools.(D)Cleverer children will be sent to the best private schools in the country for a better development.14. (A)Clever and less bright children will mix well with each other.(B)School authorities will receive more funds from the government.(C)Most students will do well in their entrance examination for the higher education.(D)Every child will have an equal opportunity to go on to higher education.。
9月中级口译真题+参考答案(2)Questions 15-1815. (A)One that is unabridged with detailed definitions.(B)One that contains fewer words and emphasizes on special words.(C)One that contains a broad range of words in common usage.(D)One that spans several volumes and has extensive word histories16. (A)The New Oxford Picture Dictionary(B)The American Heritage Dictionary(C)The Dictionary of Legal Terms(D)The Drinking Water Dictionary17. (A)It lists abbreviations, proper nouns, and tables of measures.(B)It is an unabridged edition providing as many as 500,000 entries.(C)It was randomly compiled and contains as many foreign words as possible.(D)It provides detailed information of famous people and places.18. (A)A school dictionary. (B)A college dictionary.(C)A general dictionary. (D)A specialized dictionary.Questions 19-2219. (A)He’s bought his wife a present. (B)He’s missed an important phone call.(C)He’s dismissed his new sec retary. (D)He’s popped out shopping.20. (A)Talking about the latest fashion.(B)Offering special reductions.(C)Giving bigger discounts to female customers.(D)Pressing on the customer to make a decision.21. (A)Upside down and inside out. (B)Inside out and back to front. (C)With its sleeves as trouser legs. (D)With its pattern upside down.22. (A)A V-necked pullover with short sleeves.(B)A high-necked pullover with long sleeves.(C)A white pullover with a pattern.(D)A blue pullover with a high neck.Questions 23-2623. (A)That of a creator. (B)That of a re-creator.(C)That of a receiver. (D)That of a performer.24. (A)Because we need to concentrate for our quiet thought.(B)Because we want to give full attention to the driving.(C)Because we try to avoid being caught by the patrolling police.(D)Because we intend to be as casual as possible in the driving.25. (A)In the elevator. (B)In the car.(C)In the bathroom. (D)In the church.26. (A)By perceptive and analytical listening.(B)By taking a sonic bath.(C)By attending classical concerts.(D)By listening to an emotional piece of music.Questions 27-3027. (A)His grandfather’s house. (B)His parents’ remarks.(C)A magazine. (D)A coursebook.28. (A)Enjoying visiting zoos. (B)Driving a car.(C)Making money. (D)Taking kids to a museum.29. (A)It died a few years ago. (B)It killed several tourists.(C)It is only a legend. (D)It is a living dinosaur.30. (A)No one has provided an accurate description of the animal.(B)No dead bodies of the animal have ever been found.(C)There are only 500 species living in Loch Ness.(D)The lake is not deep enough for such a huge animal.Part C: Listening and Translation1. Sentence TranslationDirections: In this part of the test, you will hear 5 sentences in English. You will hear the sentences ONLY ONCE. After you have heard each sentence, translate it into Chinese and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)2. Passage TranslationDirections: In this part of the test, you will hear 2 passages in English. You will hear the passages ONLY ONCE. After you have heard each passage, translate it into Chinese and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. You may take notes while you are listening.(1)(2)。
历年英语翻译中级口译考试试题及答案(完整版)Spot DictationIn America there are no nobles or men of letters, and the common folk mistrust the wealthy; Consequently lawyers formthe highest political class and the most cultivated circle of society. They have therefore nothing to gain by innovation, which adds a conservative interest to their natural taste for public order. If I were asked where I place the American aristocracy, I should reply without hesitation that it is not composed of the rich, who are united together by no commontie, but that it occupies the judicial bench and the bar.When I started researching this topic, I found an interesting website “Legal Reform Now”. As the name suggests, this website is devoted to legal reform and it is definitely concerned about the dominance of lawyers in American government. There I read an article by a political science professor from the university of Wisconsin. One observation the UW article confirms is that the legal profession is the dominant profession of the people re-electto public office. For example, about half our representatives and two-thirds of our senators are lawyers. No otherprofession comes close to having the same the number ofpeople in political office. Effectively, lawyers form our nation’s most powerful organized political constituency in America. Lawyers make our laws and lawyers interpret our laws. When judges are appointed, the American bar association isthe only professional organization that is consulted to rate the fitness of potential judicial appointees. Our nation has been in existence for over 200 years and lawyers have beenthis nation’s aristocracy since its formation. Our system works, but do we really want to have a single profession in charge of our nation? Specifically, do we want to have the legal profession in charge? Next t ime you vote, that’s something to think about.评析:这篇文章是关于律师在美国的地位。
中级口译最新笔译真题答案(09.9-10.9)09.91.小说是什么?我认为是人们创造出来的故事。
同时尽管是创造出来的故事,但是小说仍然有一种力量能够让人听上去感觉像真的一样。
真的像什么呢?就像读者所知道的那种生活或者可能的生活样子,像他们所感觉的那种生活。
当然我指的是对于成熟的成年读者而言。
像我们这样的成年读者已经足够长大,不再相信童话故事,不再需要奇异幻想和那些不可能发生的事情。
所以我对你说,小说必须要成熟起来,能够让成年人将之放在生活中试验。
你或许会说:“如果一个人需要事实,他为什么不去看完完全全真实的书呢?自传或者纪录片里都是些令人惊异的真人真事的描述。
这当然正确,但是我对你的建议是事实和所谓的现实之间有着本质的区别。
小说并不仅仅只是叙述人们的经历,小说会添加人们的经历。
而这一点正是小说所具有的活力火花:小说家的想象力有其自己强大的力量。
借助这种想象力小说家并不仅仅创造,他们去感知。
这种想象力不断增强,给原本普普通通的日常生活注入一股力量,使它们变得额外地重要,变得更加地真实。
2.Two wealthy men were recently invited to a buffet reception, which was certainly no lack of social celebrities and scholars. During the dinner, one of the nouveaux riches struck up a conversation with a pundit, the topic being sidetracked somehow to William Shakespeare. The arty-and-crafty rich man was asked if he took strong interest in the great poet. He paused before giving a serious reply, “Just the opposite, I like Scotch much better.” Whose remark sent the rest of the guests tittering. Sensing something was wrong, the second upstart was seen clear off, angry. While driving back, the first guy was chided by the second for his ignorance, “You really know nothing about it, Shakespeare is a sort of beverage, not some imported spirits as you thought!”10.31.在经济衰退中,损失最为惨重的要数中等收入和贫困家庭。
99年9月每年春季,数以万计的中外客商云集申城,参加一年一度的华东出口品交易会。
上海各类商品在这里与全国各地一比短长。
上海的优势在于科技实力,因此高技术产口的出口应成为上海外贸出口增长的“排头兵”。
著名物理学家杨振宁教授曾说:“高科技战场是中国超越发达国家的主战场,也是最后的战场。
”走发展高科技贸易之路,是历史的必然,也是末来的需要。
Every springhundredsof thousands of domesticand foreign businessmen swarminto Shanghai toattendthe annual East China Export CommodityTrade Fair.Here,all kinds of goods from Shanghai compete withthegoodsfrom other places in China. The advantage of Shanghai lies initsadvancedscientific and technologicalstrength, therefore theexport of high-tech products should take the lead in increasing Shanghai’s foreign trade and export.Professor YangZhenning, afamousphysicist,oncesaid, “The high-techbattlefield is themain and the last battlefield for Chinato overtake thedeveloped countries.” It is not only indispensable in history, butalso necessaryinthe future todevelop by way ofpromotinghigh-tech trade.98年3月这所大学的任务是培养德智体全面发展,能熟练运用外语从事外事和文化交流工作的合格人才。
2010.9中级口译真题2010年9月中级口译真题Part A: Spot DictationDirections: In this part of the test, you will hear a passage and read the same passage with blanks in it. Fill in each of the blanks with the word or words you have heard on the tape. Write your answer in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. Remember you will hear the passage ONLY ONCE.British people are far more sophisticated about beverages than they were 50 years ago. Witness the Starbucks revolution and you'll know where ___________ (1) goes. However, spurred on by recent studies suggesting that it can cut the risk of ___________ (2) and retard the aging process, tea is enjoying a ___________ (3).Although tea is available in more places than ever, it remains to be _____________ (4) of a typical British family.If you are invited to an English home,_____________ (5) in the morning you get a cup of tea. It is either brought in by a heartily _____________ (6) or an almost malevolently silent maid. When you are _____________ (7) in your sweetest morning sleep you must not say: 'Go away, you _____________ (8).' On the contrary, you have to declare with your best five o'clock smile: 'Thank you very much. I _____________ (9) a cup of tea, especially in the morning.' If they leave you alone with the liquid you may pour it _____________ (10)!Then you have ___________ (11); then you have tea at 11 o'clock in the morning; _____________ (12); then you have tea for tea; then after supper; and again at eleven o'clock _____________ (13).You must not refuse any additional cups of tea under the _____________ (14): if it is hot; if it is cold; if you are _____________ (15); if you are nervous; if you are watching TV; _____________ (16); if you have just returned home; if you feel like it; if you do not feel like it;if you have had no tea ______________ (17); if you have just had a cup.You definitely must not ______________ (18). I sleep at five o'clock in the morning; I have coffee for breakfast; I drink innumerable _____________ (19) during the day; I have the _____________ (20) even at tea-time!Part B: Listening Comprehension1. StatementsDirections: In this part of the test, you will hear several short statements. These statements will be spoken ONLY ONCE, and you will not find them written on the paper; so you must listen carefully. When you hear a statement, read the answer choices and decide which one is closest in meaning to the statement you have heard. Then write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.1. (A) The program on Channel Eight reminds me of TV commercials.(B) The product advertised in the TVcommercial cannot help cure my illness.(C) I don't watch TV that much, because of the omnipresent advertisements.(D) I have to sit on the sofa, because I am too sick to stand in front of the television.2. (A) The plane arrived at 7:30.(B) The plane arrived at 8:00.(C) The plane arrived at 9:00.(D) The plane arrived at 10:00.3. (A) I'll ask someone else to read and check this agreement for errors.(B) I'll think more about the agreement before making a decision.(C) It's obvious that I'll discuss the agreement with my assistant first.(D) It's out of question that I should get into any agreement with you.4. (A) The better members decided to cancel the meeting.(B) Less than half of the committee was away on business trips.(C) It'd be better if no one had attendedthis morning's committee meeting……(D) The meeting was cancelled because of low attendance.5.(A) Supermarkets in the inner city and the suburbs are usually owned by the same company.(B) Products in grocery stores are more expensive than those in supermarkets.(C) There is a price difference for the same product even in shops run by the same company.(D) People prefer to shop in supermarkets, which are mostly located in the suburbs, with free parking space.6. (A) Many Americans cannot afford higher education because of the soaring college tuition fees and expenses.(B) Sending their children to college is no longer a bigger challenge for millions of Americans.(C) The American government has set the goal that it will eventually stop fundinghigher education institutions.(D) Nowadays, American parents have to pay more to send their children to college.7. (A) For many university graduates, the jobs they take will not be related to their academic achievements.(B) Because of economic recession, the number of university students majoring in liberal arts is declining.(C) University students who are interested in liberal arts will have more job opportunities upon graduation.(D) With high unemployment rate, many university students will have to opt for transferring to other majors.8. (A) Good business negotiators will never repeat what other people have already restated.(B) Restating by good business negotiators is not an effective way to check the information.(C) Good business negotiators are sometimes curious about other people's restatements.(D) Restating what others have said is a good strategy for confirming understanding.9. (A) We cannot reach an agreement, let alone a spoken promise.(B) We'd better draft and then sign a written agreement.(C) We generally keep our promises in business transactions.(D) We hope you understand why we are unable to keep our promises.10. (A) I don't think you have more to say on that topic.(B) I think we'd better talk about that in detail sometime later.(C) I am truly appreciative if you can elaborate on that topic after lunch.(D) I am busy right now, so we might as well discuss it over lunch today.2. Talks and ConversationsDirections: In this part of the test, you will hear several short talks and conversations Aftereach of these, you will hear a few questions. Listen carefully because you will hear the talk or conversation and questions ONLY ONCE. When you hear a question, read the four choices and choose the best answer to that question. Then write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.Questions 11-1411. (A) Two (B) Three (C) Four (D) Five12. (A) A profit-making private school.(B) A non-profit-making independent school.(C) A state school that is funded by non-governmental sources.(D) A secondary school that is open to the majority of British students.13. (A) Many children are no longer placed in schools according to their academic abilities.(B) Many children can afford to study in private schools, as they become part of the state system.(C) Children from wealthy families no longer choose to go and study in public schools.(D) Cleverer children will be sent to the best private schools in the country for a better development.14. (A) Clever and less bright children will mix well with each other.(B) School authorities will receive more funds from the government.(C) Most students will do well in their entrance examination for the higher education.(D) Every child will have an equal opportunity to go on to higher education.Questions 15-1815. (A) One that is unabridged with detailed definitions.(B) One that contains fewer words and emphasizes on special words.(C) One that contains a broad range of words in common usage.(D) One that spans several volumes and has extensive word histories16. (A) The New Oxford Picture Dictionary(B) The American Heritage Dictionary(C) The Dictionary of Legal Terms(D) The Drinking Water Dictionary17. (A) It lists abbreviations, proper nouns, and tables of measures.(B) It is an unabridged edition providing as many as 500,000 entries.(C) It was randomly compiled and contains as many foreign words as possible.(D) It provides detailed information of famous people and places.18. (A) A school dictionary. (B) A college dictionary.(C) A general dictionary. (D) A specialized dictionary.Questions 19-2219. (A) He's bought his wife a present. (B) He's missed an important phone call.(C) He's dismissed his new secretary. (D) He's popped out shopping.20. (A) Talking about the latest fashion.(B) Offering special reductions.(C) Giving bigger discounts to female customers.(D) Pressing on the customer to make a decision.21. (A) Upside down and inside out. (B) Inside out and back to front.(C) With its sleeves as trouser legs. (D) With its pattern upside down.22. (A) A V-necked pullover with short sleeves.(B) A high-necked pullover with long sleeves.(C) A white pullover with a pattern.(D) A blue pullover with a high neck.Questions 23-2623. (A) That of a creator. (B) That of a re-creator.(C) That of a receiver. (D) That of a performer.24. (A) Because we need to concentrate for our quiet thought.(B) Because we want to give full attention to the driving.(C) Because we try to avoid being caught by the patrolling police.(D) Because we intend to be as casual as possible in the driving.25. (A) In the elevator. (B) In the car.(C) In the bathroom. (D) In the church.26. (A) By perceptive and analytical listening.(B) By taking a sonic bath.(C) By attending classical concerts.(D) By listening to an emotional piece of music.Questions 27-3027. (A) His grandfather's house. (B) His parents' remarks.(C) A magazine. (D) A coursebook.28. (A) Enjoying visiting zoos. (B) Driving a car.(C) Making money. (D) Taking kids to amuseum.29. (A) It died a few years ago. (B) It killed several tourists.(C) It is only a legend. (D) It is a living dinosaur.30. (A) No one has provided an accurate description of the animal.(B) No dead bodies of the animal have ever been found.(C) There are only 500 species living in Loch Ness.(D) The lake is not deep enough for such a huge animal.Part C: Listening and Translation1. Sentence TranslationDirections: In this part of the test, you will hear 5 sentences in English. You will hear the sentences ONLY ONCE. After you have heard each sentence, translate it into Chinese and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)2. Passage TranslationDirections: In this part of the test, you will hear 2 passages in English. You will hear the passages ONLY ONCE. After you have heard each passage, translate it into Chinese and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. You may take notes while you are listening.(1)(2)We are moving inexorably into the age of automation. Our aim is not to devise a mechanism which can perform a thousand different actions of any individual man but, on the contrary, one which could by a single actionreplace a thousand men.Industrial automation has moved along three lines. First there is the conveyor belt system of continuous production whereby separate operations are linked into a single sequence. The goods produced by this well-established method are untouched by the worker, and the machine replaces both unskilled and semiskilled. Secondly, there is automation with feedback control of the quality of the product: here mechanisms are built into the system which can compare the output with a norm, that is, the actual product with what it is supposed to be, and then correct any shortcomings. The entire cycle of operations dispenses with human control except in so far as monitors are concerned. One or two examples of this type of automation will illustrate its immense possibilities. There is a factory in the U.S.A. which makes 1,000 million electric light bulbs a year, and the factory employs three hundred people. If the preautomationtechniques were to be employed, the labour force required would leap to 25,000. A motor manufacturing company with 45,000 spare parts regulates their entire supply entirely by computer. Computers can be entrusted with most of the supervision of industrial installations, such as chemical plants or oil refineries. Thirdly, there is computer automation, for banks, accounting departments, insurance companies and the like. Here the essential features are the recording, storing, sorting and retrieval of information.The principal merit of modern computing machines is the achievement of their vastly greater speed of operation by comparison with unaided human effort; a task which otherwise might take years, if attempted at all, now takes days or hours.One of the most urgent problems of industrial societies rapidly introducing automation is how to fill the time that will be made free by the machines which will take overthe tasks of the workers. The question is not simply of filling empty time but also of utilizing the surplus human energy that will be released. We are already seeing straws in the wind: destructive outbursts on the part of youth whose work no longer demands muscular strength. While automation will undoubtedly do away with a large number of tedious jobs, are we sure that it will not put others which are equally tedious in their place? For an enormous amount of sheer monitoring will be required. A man in an automated plant may have to sit for hours on and watching dials and taking decisive action when some signal informs him that all is not well. What meaning will his occupation bear for the worker? How will he devote his free time after a four or five hour stint of labour? Moreover, what, indeed, will be the significance for him of his leisure? If industry of the future could be purged of its monotony and meaninglessness, man would then be better equipped to use his leisure time constructively.16. The main purpose of automation is _________.(A) to devise the machine which could replace the semi-skilled(B) to process information as fast as possible(C) to develop an efficient labor-saving mechanism(D) to make an individual man perform many different actions17. The chief benefit of computing machines is ________.(A) their greater speed of operation(B) their control of the product quality(C) their conveyor belt system of continuous production(D) their supervision of industrial installations18. One of the problems brought about by automation in industrial societies is _________.(A) plenty of information(B) surplus human energy(C) destructive outbursts(D) less leisure time19. Which of the following best explains the use of 'stint' (para.4)?(A) Effort.(B) Force.(C) Excess.(D) Period.20. According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?(A) There is no automation with feedback control of the quality of the product.(B) Computers are reliable in any supervision of industrial installations.(C) The essential features for banks are the recording and sorting of information.(D) Automation will undoubtedly eliminate numerous tedious jobs.Questions 21-25The city water pipes in Rome were usually of baked clay or lead; copper was sometimesused and also hollowed stone. For the large supply conduits leading to the city the Romans used covered channels with free water surfaces, rather than pipes. Perhaps this choice was a matter of economics, for apparently they could make lead pipes up to 15 inches in diameter. While pipes can follow the profile of undulating ground, with the pressure increasing in the lower areas, channels cannot. They must slope continuously downwards, because water in channels does not normally flow uphill; and the grade must be flat, from 1 in 60 in small channels to perhaps 1 in 3,000 in large ones, to keep the water speed down to a few feet per second. Thus the main supply channels or aqueducts had long lengths of flat grade and where they crossed depressions or valleys they were carried on elevated stone bridges in the form of tiered arches. At the beginning of the Christian era there were over 30 miles of these raised aqueducts in the 250 miles of channels and tunnels bringing water to Rome. Thechannels were up to 6 feet wide and 5 to 8 feet high. Sometimes channels were later added on the tops of existing ones. The remains of some of these aqueducts still grace the skyline on the outskirts of Rome and elsewhere in Europe similar ruins are found.Brick and stone drains were constructed in various parts of Rome. The oldest existing one is the Cloaca Maxima which follows the course of an old stream. It dates back at least to the third century B.C. Later the drains were used for sewage, flushed by water from the public baths and fountains, as well as street storm run-off.The truly surprising aspect of the achievements of all the ancient hydraulic artisans is the lack of theoretical knowledge behind their designs. Apart from the hydrostatics of Archimedes, there was no sound understanding of the most elementary principles of fluid behaviour. Sextus Frontinus, Rome's water commissioner around A.D. 100, did not fully realize that in order to calculate the volumerate of flow in a channel it is necessary to allow for the speed of the flow as well as the area of cross-section. The Romans' flow standard was the rate at which water would flow through a bronze pipe roughly 4/3 inch in diameter and 9 inches long. When this pipe was connected to the side of a water-supply pipe or channel as a delivery outlet, it was assumed that the outflow was at the standard rate. In fact, the amount of water delivered depended not only on the cross-sectional area of the outlet pipe but also on the speed of water flowing through it and this speed depended on the pressure in the supply pipe.21. The Romans used all of the following to make water pipes EXCEPT _________.(A) earth (B) wood (C) copper (D) stone22. Covered channels were used instead of pipes to supply large quantities of water probably because _________.(A) the Romans could build them more cheaply(B) these channels could follow uneven ground more easily(C) the Romans could not build large pipes(D) these channels avoided rapid changes of pressure23. The use of 'grace' in line 15 suggests that the aqueducts today are _________.(A) hideous (B) divine (C) useful (D) attractive24. In order to calculate the volume of water flowing through a pipe, it is important to know its speed and ________.(A) the area across the end of the pipe (B) the length of the pipe(C) the water pressure in the pipe (D) the level from which the water falls25. The main subject of the passage is concerned essentially with __________.(A) the classical scientific achievements(B) the theoretical Greek hydrostatics(C) the ancient Roman hydraulic system(D) the early European architecturaldesigningQuestions 26-30Every day of our lives we are in danger of instant death from small high-speed missiles from space-the lumps of rocky or metallic debris which continuously bombard the Earth. The chances of anyone actually being hit, however, are very low, although there are recorded instances of 'stones from the sky' hurting people, and numerous accounts of damage to buildings and other objects. At night this extraterrestrial material can be seen as 'fireballs' or 'shooting stars', burning their way through our atmosphere. Most, on reaching our atmosphere, become completely vaporised.The height above ground at which these objects become sufficiently heated to be visible is estimated to be about 60-100 miles. Meteorites that have fallen on buildings have sometimes ended their long lonely space voyage incongruously under beds, inside flower pots oreven, in the case of one that landed on a hotel in North Wales, within a chamber pot. Before the era of space exploration it was confidently predicted that neither men nor space vehicles would survive for long outside the protective blanket of the Earth's atmosphere. It was thought that once in space they would be seriously damaged as a result of the incessant downpour of meteorites falling towards our planet at the rate of many millions every day. Even the first satellites showed that the danger from meteorites had been greatly overestimated by the pessimists, but although it has not happened yet, it is certain that one day a spacecraft will be badly damaged by a meteorite.The greatest single potential danger to life on Earth undoubtedly comes from outside our planet. Collision with another astronomical body of any size or with a 'black hole' could completely destroy the Earth almost instantly. Near misses of bodies larger than or comparablein size to our own planet could be equally disastrous to mankind as they might still result in total or partial disruption. If the velocity of impact were high, collision with even quite small extraterrestrial bodies might cause catastrophic damage to the Earth's atmosphere, oceans and outer crust and thus produce results inimical to life as we know it. The probability of collision with a large astronomical body from outside our Solar System is extremely low, possibly less than once in the lifetime of an average star. We know, however, that our galaxy contains great interstellar dust clouds and some astronomers have suggested that there might also be immense streams of meteorite matter in space that the Solar system may occasionally encounter. Even if we disregard this possibility, our own Solar system itself contains a great number of small astronomical bodies, such as the minor planets or asteroids and the comets, some with eccentric orbits that occasionally bring them close to the Earth's path.26. According to the writer, the Earth is being continuously bombarded by _________.(A) big bright stars from space(B) man-made space vehicles(C) great interstellar dust clouds(D) small high-speed pieces of rock from space27. The word "vaporised" (para.1) means _________.(A) turned from stones into missiles(B) turned from a fireball into black(C) turned from a solid into a gas(D) turned from meteors into shooting stars28. Why was it once thought that no spacecraft would survive for very long in space?(A) People believed that spacecraft would be destroyed in a black hole.(B) People believed that spacecraft would be misguided by missiles.(C) People believed that spacecraft would be collided with a star.(D) People believed that spacecraft wouldbe damaged by meteorites.29. What is the greatest danger to life on Earth?(A) Collision with small high-speed missiles.(B) Collision with an astronomical body.(C) Collision with stones from the sky.(D) Collision with spacecrafts.30. According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?(A) Our galaxy contains great interstellar dust clouds.(B) Near misses of bodies smaller than our own planet could be disastrous.(C) The probability of collision with a large astronomical body is very high.(D) The chances of anyone actually being hit by missiles are very high.SECTION 3: TRANSLATION TEST (1) (30 minutes)Directions: Translate the following passage into Chinese and write your version in thecorresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.The economic system of the United States is principally one of private ownership. In this system, consumers, producers and government make economic decisions on a daily basis, mainly through the price system. The dynamic interaction of these three groups makes the economic function. The market’s primary force, however, is the interaction of producers and consumers; hence the “market economy” designation.As a rule, consumers look for the best values for what they spend while producers seek the best price and profit for what they have to sell. Government, at the federal, state, and local level, seeks to promote public security, assure reasonable competition, and provide a range of services believed to be better performed by public rather than private enterprises. Generally, there are three kinds of enterprises: single-owner operated businesses, partnershipsand corporations. The first two are important, but it is the latter structure that best permits the amassing of large sums of money by combining the investments of many people who, as stockholders, can buy and sell their shares of the business at any time on the open market. Corporations make large-scale enterprises possible.SECTION 4: TRANSLATION TEST (2) (30 minutes)Directions: Translate the following passage into English and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.进入耶鲁大学的校园,看到莘莘学子青春洋溢的脸庞,呼吸着书香浓郁的空气,我不由回想起40年前在北京清华大学度过的美好时光。