仙霞岭一级水电站设计计算书

目录1 设计资料 ................................................................................................................................. - 1 -2 水轮机 ..................................................................................................................................... - 1 -2.1 水电站水头的确定........................................................................................................... - 1 -2.1.1Hmax的确定........................................................................................................... - 1 -2.1.1.1 校核洪水位+满发 ...................................................................................... - 1 -2.1.1.2 设计洪水位+满发 ...................................................................................... - 1 -2.1.2Hmin的确定 ........................................................................................................... - 2 -2.1.2.1死水位+2台机组发电（死水位条件下一般不能保证机组满发）......... - 2 -2.1.3 Hr,Hav的确定........................................................................................................ - 3 -2.2 水轮机型号的选择........................................................................................................... - 3 -2.2.1 HL180型水轮机方案主要参数选择 .................................................................... - 3 -2.2.1.1 转轮直径..................................................................................................... - 3 -2.2.1.2 转速n ......................................................................................................... - 3 -2.2.1.3 效率η及单位参数修正............................................................................. - 3 -2.2.1.4 工作范围的检验......................................................................................... - 4 -2.2.2 HL200型水轮机方案主要参数选择 .................................................................... - 4 -2.2.2.1转轮直径...................................................................................................... - 4 -2.2.2.2转速n .......................................................................................................... - 5 -2.2.2.3效率η及单位参数修正.............................................................................. - 5 -2.2.2.4工作范围的检验.......................................................................................... - 5 -2.3 调速设备的选择............................................................................................................... - 6 -2.3.1调速功计算............................................................................................................. - 6 -2.3.2 接力器的选择........................................................................................................ - 6 -2.3.3 调速器的选择........................................................................................................ - 7 -2.3.4油压装置的选择..................................................................................................... - 7 -2.4 蜗壳尺寸计算................................................................................................................... - 7 -2.5尾水管尺寸计算................................................................................................................ - 8 -3 发电机 ..................................................................................................................................... - 9 -3.1 主要尺寸估算................................................................................................................... - 9 -3.1.1极距τ..................................................................................................................... - 9 -D........................................................................................................... - 9 -3.1.2定子内径il(采用空冷) ............................................................................ - 9 -3.1.3定子铁芯长度tD .................................................................................................. - 9 -3.1.4定子铁芯外径a3.2 外形尺寸估算................................................................................................................... - 9 -3.2.1 平面尺寸估算................................................................................................................ - 9 -D................................................................................................ - 9 -3.2.1.1定子机座外径13.2.1.2风罩内径2D ..................................................................................................... - 10 - 3.2.1.3转子外径3D ..................................................................................................... - 10 - 3.2.1.4下机架最大跨度4D ......................................................................................... - 10 - 3.2.1.5推力轴承外径6D 和励磁机外径7D ............................................................... - 10 - 3.2.2 轴向尺寸估算.............................................................................................................. - 10 -3.2.2.1定子机座高度1h .............................................................................................. - 10 - 3.2.2.2上机架高度2h .................................................................................................. - 10 - 3.2.2.3推力轴承高度3h 、励磁机高度、副励磁机高度5h 与永磁机高度6h ....... - 10 - 3.2.2.4下机架高度7h .................................................................................................. - 11 - 3.2.2.5定子支座支承面至下机架支承面或下挡风板之间的距离8h ....................... - 11 - 3.2.2.6下机架支承面主主轴法兰底面距离 ................................................................ - 11 - 3.2.2.7转子磁轭轴向高度10h ..................................................................................... - 11 - 3.2.2.8发电机主轴高度11h ......................................................................................... - 11 - 3.2.2.9定子铁芯水平中心线至法兰盘底面距12h ..................................................... - 11 -3.3 水轮发电机重量估算 ..................................................................................................... - 11 - 4引水建筑物 ........................................................................................................................... - 12 - 4.1 基本尺寸 ........................................................................................................................ - 12 -4.1.1 隧洞尺寸.............................................................................................................. - 12 - 4.1.2 闸门断面.............................................................................................................. - 12 - 4.1.3 渐变段尺寸 .......................................................................................................... - 12 - 4.1.4 拦污栅断面 .......................................................................................................... - 12 - 4.1.5进水口轮廓尺寸 ................................................................................................... - 13 - 4.1.6 有压进水口高程 .................................................................................................. - 13 - 4.1.7 压力钢管尺寸 ...................................................................................................... - 13 -4.1.7.1 主管尺寸 ................................................................................................... - 13 - 4.1.7.2 支管尺寸 ................................................................................................... - 13 -4.2 托马断面 ........................................................................................................................ - 14 -4.2.1 引水隧洞的水头损失 .......................................................................................... - 14 -4.2.1.1 沿程水头损失f h ..................................................................................... - 14 - 4.2.1.2 局部水头损失 ........................................................................................... - 14 -4.2.2 压力管道的水头损失.......................................................................................... - 16 -4.2.2.1 沿程水头损失........................................................................................... - 16 -4.2.2.2 局部水头损失........................................................................................... - 16 -4.2.3 蝴蝶阀处水头损失（4个蝴蝶阀）................................................................... - 16 -4.3 调压室比选 .................................................................................................................... - 17 -4.3.1 简单式调压室...................................................................................................... - 17 -4.3.1.1 最高水位的计算....................................................................................... - 17 -4.3.1.2 波动第二振幅的计算............................................................................... - 17 -4.3.1.3 最低水位的计算....................................................................................... - 18 -4.3.2 差动式调压室...................................................................................................... - 18 -4.3.2.1 最低水位的计算....................................................................................... - 18 -4.3.2.2 最高水位的计算....................................................................................... - 19 -5 挡水建筑物及泄水建筑物.................................................................................................... - 21 -5.1 挡水建筑物——非溢流坝............................................................................................. - 21 -5.1.1 坝底宽度.............................................................................................................. - 21 -5.1.2坝顶宽度............................................................................................................... - 21 -5.1.3坝顶高程............................................................................................................... - 21 -5.1.3.1 设计洪水位条件下................................................................................... - 22 -5.1.3.2 校核洪水位条件下................................................................................... - 22 -5.1.4 稳定和应力校核.................................................................................................. - 23 -5.1.4.1 正常蓄水位条件下................................................................................... - 23 -5.1.4.2 设计洪水位条件下................................................................................... - 26 -5.1.4.3 校核洪水位条件下................................................................................... - 31 -5.2 泄水建筑物——溢流坝................................................................................................. - 34 -5.2.1 堰顶高程的确定.................................................................................................. - 34 -5.2.2 确定堰的WES曲线参数 ................................................................................... - 34 -5.2.3 反弧段设计.......................................................................................................... - 35 -5.2.4 溢流坝消能抗冲刷措施...................................................................................... - 35 -6 厂房 ....................................................................................................................................... - 37 -6.1 长度 ................................................................................................................................ - 37 -6.1.1机组段长度L1.................................................................................................... - 37 -6.1.2端机组段长度L2................................................................................................ - 37 -6.1.3装配厂长度L3.................................................................................................... - 37 -6.2 宽度 ................................................................................................................................ - 37 -6.3 厂房各层高程确定......................................................................................................... - 38 -6.3.1 水轮机安装高程.................................................................................................. - 38 -6.3.2 尾水管底板高程.................................................................................................. - 38 -6.3.3 水轮机层地面高程.............................................................................................. - 38 -6.3.4 定子安装高程...................................................................................................... - 38 -6.3.5 发电机层地面高程.............................................................................................. - 38 -6.3.6 装配厂层地面高程.............................................................................................. - 38 -6.3.7 吊车轨顶高程...................................................................................................... - 38 -6.3.8 厂房顶高程.......................................................................................................... - 38 -7 专题 ....................................................................................................................................... - 39 -7.1构架图 ............................................................................................................................. - 39 -7.2水电站厂房总体承受的荷载.......................................................................................... - 39 -7.2.1恒载 ...................................................................................................................... - 39 -7.2.2活荷载................................................................................................................... - 40 -7.3 荷载组合 ........................................................................................................................ - 42 -7.4 有限元计算 .................................................................................................................... - 42 -7.5 计算结果截图................................................................................................................. - 44 -7.5.1工况1 ................................................................................................................... - 44 -7.5.2工况2 ................................................................................................................... - 46 -7.5.3危险截面............................................................................................................... - 48 -7.6 计算成果分析................................................................................................................. - 53 -7.6.1横梁配筋计算....................................................................................................... - 53 -7.6.1.1正截面抗弯................................................................................................ - 53 -7.1.6.2斜截面抗剪................................................................................................ - 54 -7.6.2立柱配筋计算....................................................................................................... - 54 -7.6.2.1 A-A截面.................................................................................................... - 54 -7.6.2.2 B-B截面.................................................................................................... - 56 -7.6.2.3 C-C截面.................................................................................................... - 58 -7.6.2.4 D-D截面 ................................................................................................... - 60 -7.7 小结 ................................................................................................................................ - 61 -1 设计资料本节无实际计算内容2 水轮机2.1 水电站水头的确定2.1.1Hmax 的确定2.1.1.1校核洪水位+满发Z 上=237m ，由Q=10600m 3/s,表2-1 水头试算表（校核洪水位）Q(m 3/s) Z 上(m) Z 下(m) H 毛(m) H 净(m) N(kW) 234.50 237 130.64 106.36 102.11 198733.23 235.00 237 130.64 106.36 102.11 199156.97 235.50 237 130.64 106.36 102.11 199580.71 236.00 237 130.64106.36102.11200004.45经试算Z 下=130.64m237130.64106.36m 96%106.36102.11m H Z Z H H η=-=-===⨯=下毛上毛净2.1.1.2 设计洪水位+满发Z 上=234.5m ，由Q=5500m 3/s表2-2 水头试算表（设计洪水位）Q(m 3/s) Z 上(m) Z 下(m) H 毛(m) H 净(m) N(kW) 234.75 234.5 125.32 109.18 104.81 204219.88 229.80 234.5 125.32 109.18 104.81 199913.65 229.85 234.5 125.32 109.18 104.81 199957.14 229.90234.5125.32109.18104.81200000.64经试算，Z 下=125.32m234.5125.32109.18m 96%109.18104.81m H Z Z H H η=-=-===⨯=下毛上毛净2.1.1.3正常蓄水位+一台机组发电Z 上=230m ，表2-3 水头试算表（正常蓄水位）Q(m 3/s) Z 上(m) Z 下(m) H 毛(m) H 净(m) N(kW) 54.5 230 115.52 114.48 109.90 49713.63 54.6 230 115.52 114.48 109.90 49804.84 54.7 230 115.52 114.48 109.90 49896.06 54.8 230115.52114.48109.90 49987.28经试算，Z 下=115.52m230115.52114.48m 96%114.48109.90mH Z Z H H η=-=-===⨯=下毛上毛净}{max 102.11,104.81,109.90109.90m H ==2.1.2Hmin 的确定2.1.2.1死水位+2台机组发电（死水位条件下一般不能保证机组满发）Z 上=190m ，表2-4 水头试算表（设计低水位）Q(m 3/s) Z 上(m) Z 下(m) H 毛(m) H 净(m) N(kW) 170.15 190 116.31 73.69 70.74 99905.60 170.20 190 116.31 73.69 70.74 99934.96 170.25 190 116.31 73.69 70.74 99964.32 170.30 190 116.31 73.69 70.74 99993.67经试算Z 下=116.31m190116.3173.69m 96%73.6970.74m H H H η=-===⨯=毛毛净min 70.74m H =2.1.3Hr,Hav 的确定max min 0.60.40.4109.900.670.7494.24m r av H H H H ==+=⨯+⨯=2.2 水轮机型号的选择根据水电站的水头范围70.74m~~109.90m ，查《水电站》型谱表，合适的水轮机型号有HL180和HL200两种。