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翻译方法和技巧之分译法、合译法翻译方法和技巧之分译法、合译法 Division & Combination* 翻译英语句子时，有时我们可把原文的句子结构整个保存下来或只稍加改变即可，但在不少情况下则必须将原来的句子结构作较大的改变。
* 分译法和合译法是改变原文句子结构的两种重要方法。
* 所谓分译法是指把原文的一个简单句译成两个或两个以上的句子。
* 所谓合译法是指把原文两个或两个以上的简单句或一个复合句在译文中用一个单句来表达。
* 一、分译法* (一)把原文中的一个单词译成句子，使原文的一个句子分译成两个或两个以上的句子。
* 1.副词They, *not surprisingly, did not respond at all.他们根本不回答，这是不足为怪的。
* 2.形容词* Chairman Mao might have spoken with understandable pride of his policyof “self-reliance”.* 毛主席在谈到他的“自力更生”政策时，也许有些自豪感，这是可以理解的。
* That region was the most identifiable trouble place.那个地区是个麻烦的地方，这是大家很容易看到的。
* 3.名词* A movie of me leaving that place would look like a shell leaving a rifle.* 我离开那个地方的速度之快，要是拍成电影的话，会像出膛的子弹一样。
* He shook his head and his eyes were wide, then narrowed in indignation.他摇了摇头，双目瞪地圆圆的。
* (二)把原文中的一个短语译成句子，使原文的一个句子分译成两个或两个以上的句子。
* 1.分词短语* She sat with her hands cupping her chin, staring at a corner ofthe littlekitchen.* 她坐在那儿双手托着下巴，眼睛凝视着小厨房的一角。
Division1)There was intensive fighting along the main road to the coast, so the convoynavigated through the maze of mountain tracks, some hardly wider thanthe truck wheels, with a sheer drop thousands of feet to the valley.2)2) Periodically I go back to a churchyard cemetery on the side of anAppalachian hill in Northern Virginia to call on family elders.3)She had seen the dictionary, flying over the pavement of the little garden, fellat length at the feet of the astonished Miss Jemima…4)I pass my hands lovingly about the smooth skin of a silver birch or therough shaggy bark of a pine.1）The conservatory of Flowers, a Victorian greenhouse as elegant as a palace, transports you to the steaming tropics, while the vast Strybing Arboretum invites you to get lost in every environment from biblical gardens to redwood forests.2）Royal advisers, wishing to keep the monarchy popular, decided to alternate the images of majesty and pomp with those of a nomal, hard-working family whose values reflected those of middle-class Britons.3）Nevertheless, Pip vows to help Magwitch who tells him the man who struggled with him on the moor was a sworn enemy named Arthur Compeyson.Combination1)They sat down in the waiting-room to do some reading. People came to andfro there.2)Raccoon coats are unsanitary. They shed. They smell bad. They weight toomuch. They’re unsightly.3) A shell landed within thirty feet of the cobra. The grass waved. The groundshook.4) Mother put Jamie in the shade, then went back to chopping cotton. She returned frequently to nurse the baby.。
四种翻译方法1.直译和意译所谓直译，就是在译文语言条件许可时，在译文中既保持原文的内容，又保持原文的形式——特别指保持原文的比喻、形象和民族、地方色彩等。
每一个民族语言都有它自己的词汇、句法结构和表达方法。
当原文的思想内容与译文的表达形式有矛盾不宜采用直译法处理时，就应采用意译法。
意译要求译文能正确表达原文的内容，但可以不拘泥与原文的形式。
（张培基）应当指出，在再能确切的表达原作思想内容和不违背译文语言规范的条件下，直译有其可取之处，一方面有助于保存原著的格调，另一方面可以进新鲜的表达方法。
Literal translation refers to an adequate representation of the original. When the original coincides or almost tallies with the Chinese language in the sequence of vocabulary, in grammatical structure and rhetorical device, literal translation must be used.Free translation is also called liberal translation, which does not adhere strictly to the form or word order of the original.（郭著章）直译法是指在不违背英语文化的前提下，在英译文中完全保留汉语词语的指称意义，求得内容和形式相符的方法。
意译是指译者在受到译语社会文化差异的局限时，不得不舍弃原文的字面意义，以求疑问与原文的内容相符和主要语言功能的相似。
（陈宏薇）简单地说，直译指在译文中采用原作的的表达方法，句子结构与原句相似，但也不排除在短语层次进行某些调整。
意译指在译文中舍弃原作的表达方法，另觅同意等效的表达方法，或指对原作的句子结构进行较大的变化或调整。
切分 (Division)所谓切分就是指根据汉语的句法特点，把英语的句⼦分解成两个或两个以上的单位，以求译⽂在正确传达原⽂的思想内容的前提上明⽩晓畅。
Ø 单词分译单词分译是指把原⽂中的⼀个单词分译成⼀个句⼦。
⽬的：1、句法上的需要2、修辞上的需要1) At present people have a tendency to choose the safety of the middle-ground reply.现在，⼈们都倾向于采取不偏不倚的态度来回答问题，因为它安全，不招风险。
2) The inside of each tent depended on the personality of its occupants.每个帐篷内怎么布置，这就要看各个使⽤者的性格了。
3) Aunt Julia vainly asked each of her neighbours in turn to tell her what Gabriel had said.朱莉亚姨妈接连向坐在旁边的⼈打听加布⾥埃尔刚才说了些什么，却没有问出个所以然来。
4) The American commander, Admiral Nimitz, was understandably reluctant to join the battle.美军司令上将尼⽶兹怠于出战，这是可以理解的。
Ø 短语分译短语分译是指把原⽂中的⼀个短语分译成⼀个句⼦。
1) The intent to make an immediate gift must be clear and unmistakable, and the transfer must take immediate and permanent effect.直接赠与的意向必须明⽩⽆误，转让⾏为必须⽴即产⽣效⼒，且该效⼒应具有永久性。
2) Built in 1192, the bridge is over 700 hundred years old.这座桥是1192年修建的，⾄今已经有700多年的历史了。
