Practice Examination 1
Part I Reading Comprehension (40 % )
Questions 1 to 4 are based on the following passage:
According to economic signaling theory，consumers may perceive the frequency with which an unfamiliar brand is advertised as a cue that the brand is of high quality. The notion that -highly advertised brands are associated with high-quality products does have some empirical support. Marquardt and McGann found that heavy advertised products did indeed rank high on certain measures of produt quality. Because large adverti.sing expenditures represent a significant investment on the part of a manufacturer，only companies that expect to recoup these costs in the long run，through consumers' repeat purchases of the product，can afford to spend such amounts.
However，two studies by Kirmani have found that although consumers initially perceive expensive advertising as a signal of high brand quality，at some level of spending the manufacturer's advertising effort may be perceived as unreasonably high，implying low manufacturer confidence in product quality.If consumers perceive excessive advertising effort as a sign of a manufacturer’s desperation，the result may be less favorable brand perceptions. In addition，a third study by Kirmani，of print advertisements，found that the use of color affected consumer conception of brand quality. Because consumers recognize that color advertisemeta are more expensive than black and white，the point at which repetition of an advertosement is perceived as excessive comes sooner for a color advertisement than for a black-and-white advertisement.
1.The primary purpose of the passage is to
A.present findings that contradict one explanation for the effects of a particular advertising practice
B.argue that theoretical explanations about the effects of a particular advertising practice are of limited value without
empirical evidence
C.discuss how and why particular advertising practices may affect consumers' perceptions
D. contrast the research methods used in two different studies of a particular advertisingpractice
2.Kirmani' s res~arch suggests which of the following regarding consumers' expectations about the quality of
advertised products?
A.Those expectations are likely to be highest if a m"anufacturer runs both black-and-white and color advertisements for
the same prodoct.
B.Those expectations can be shaped by the presence of color in an advertisement as well as by the frequency with which
an advertisement appears.
C.Those expectations are usually high for frequently advertised new brands but not for frequently advertised familiar
brands.
D.Those expectations are likely to be higher for products，whose black-and-white advertisements are often repeated than
for those whose color dvertisemens are lessoften repeated.
3.Kirmani' s third study suggests which of the following conclusions about ablack-and-white advertisement?
A.It can be repeated more frequently than a comparable colar advertisement could beforeconsumers begin to suspect
low manufacturer confidence in the quality of the advertised product.
B.It will have the greastest impact on the consumers’ perfections of the quality of theadvertised product if it appears
during periods when a color version of the same advertisement is also being used.
C.It will attract more attention from readers of the print publication in which it appears ifit is used only a few times.
D.It may be perceived by some consumers as more expensive than a comparable coloradvertisement.
4. Kirmani would be most，likely to agree with which of the following statements about consumers'
perceptions of the relationship between the frequency with which a product is advertised and the product’s quality?
A.Consumers' perceptions about the frequency with which an advertisement appears are their primary consideration
when evaluating an advertisement's claims about product quality.
B.Because most consumers do not notice the frequency of advertisement，it has little impact on most customers'
expectations regarding product quality.
C.Consumers perceive frequency of advertisement as a signal about product quality only when the advertisement is for a
product that is newly on the market.
D.The frequency of advertisement is not always perceived by consumers to indicate that manufacturers are highly
confident about their products' quality.
Questions 5 to 8 are based on the following passage:
The idea of the brain as an information processor-a machine manipulating blips of energy according to fathomable rules-has come to dominate neuroscience. However，one enemy of the brain-as-computer metaphor is John R. Searle，a philosopher who argues that since computers simply follow algorithms，they cannot deal with important aspects of human thought such as meaning and content. Computers are syntactic，rather than semantic，creatures. People，on the other hand，understand meaning? because they have somethin g Searle obscurely calls the causal powers of the brain.
Yet how would a brain work if not by reducing what it learns about the world to information-some kind of code that can be transmitted from neuron to neuron? What else could meaning and content be?If the code can be cracked，a computer should be able to simulate it，at least in principle. But even if a computer could simulate the workings of the mind，Searle would claim that the machine would not really be thinking; it would just be acting as if it were. His argument proceeds thus: if a computer were used to simulate a stomach，with the stomach's churnings faithfully reproached on a video screen，the machine would not be digesting real food.It would just be blindly manipulating the symbols that generate the visual display.
Suppose，though，that a stomach were simulated using plastic tubes，a motor to do the churning，a supply of digestive juices，and a timing wechanism.If food went in one end of the device，what came out the other end would surely be digested food. Brains，unlike stomachs，are information processors, and if one information processor were made to simulate another information processor, it is hard to see how one and not the other could be said to think. Simulated thoughts and real thoughts are made of the same element: information. The representations of the world that humans carry around in their heads are already simulations. To accept Searle’s argument，one would have to deny the most fundamental notion in psychology and neuroscience: that brains work by processing information.
5. The main purpose of the passage is to
A. propose an experiment
B. analyze a function
C. refute an argument
D. explain a contradiction
6. Which of the following is most consistent with Searle's reasoning as presented in the passage?
A. Meaning and content cannot be reduced to algorithms.
B. Theprocess of digestion can be simulated mechanically，but not on a computer.
C. Simulated thaughs and real thaughts are essentially similar because they are compased primarily af infarmatian.-
D. A camputer can use “causal pawers”similar to. thase af the human brain when pracessing infarmatian.
7. It can be inferred that the authar af the passage believes that Searle's argument is flawedby. its failure to.
A. distinguish between syntactic and semantic aperatians
B. explain adequately haw peaple，unlike camputers，are able to. understand meaning
C. pravide can crete examples illustrating its claims abaut thinking
D. understand haw camputers use algarithms to. pracess information
8. It can be inferred fram the passage that the authar would agree with Searle on which of the following points?
A. Computers aperate by following algarithms.
B.The human brain can never fully understand its own functions.
C. The camparisan af the brain to. a machine is overtly simplistic.
D. The mast accurate madels af physical processes are computer simulatians.
Questions 9 to 12 are based on the following passage:
Women's grassroots activism and there vision of a new civic cansciausness lay at the heart af sacial refarm in the United States throughout the Pragressive Era" the periad b etween the depression af 1893 and America’s entry into. the Secand WarId? War. Though largely disenfranchised except for school elections, white middle-class wamen refarmers won a variety of victaries，natablyin the improvement of conditions especially for wamen and ehildren.Iranically, though, child labor legislatian pitted wamen of different classes against one another. To the reformers，child labor and industrial homework were equally inhumane practices that should be autlawed，but，as a number af women historians have recently observed, working-class mather did nat always share this view. Given the precarious finances of working-class families and the necessity af paoling the wages af as many family members as possible，working-class families viewedthe passage andenforcement of stringent child labar statutes as a persanal economic disaster and made strenuaus effarts to. circumvent child labar laws. Yet refarmers rarely understoodthis resistance in terms af the desperate ecanamic situatian af working-class families，interpreting it instead as evidence af paar parenting. This is not to dispute wamen reformers' perceptian af child labor as a terribly explaitative practice，but their understanding of child labar and their legislative salutians far ending it failed to take account of the econamic needs of working-class families.
9. The primary purpase af the passage is to
A.explain why women reformers of the Progressive Era failed to achieve their goals
B.discuss the origins of child labor laws in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centunes
https://www.doczj.com/doc/7e3790709.html,pare the living conditions of working-class and middle-class women in the Progressive Era
D. discuss an oversight on the part of women refomers of the Progressive Era
10. The view mentioned in the fourt4 sentence of the passage refers to which of the following?
A. Some working-class mothers' resistance to the enforcement of child labor laws.
B. Reformers' belief that child labor and industrial homeworkshould be abolished.
C. Reformers' opinions about how working-class families raised their children.
D. Certain women historians' observation that there was a lack of concensus between women of different classes on the
issue of child labor anf industrial homework.
11. The author of the passage asserts which of the following about women reformers who tried to abolish child labor?
A. They alienated working-class mothers by attempting to enlist them in agitating for progressIve causes.
B.They underestimated the prevalence of child labor among the working classes.
C.They were correct in their convictiion child labor was deplorable but shortsighted about the impact of child labor
legislation on working-class families.
D.They were aggressive in their attempts to enforce child labor legislation but were unable to prevent working!-class
families from circumventing it.
12. According to the passage，one of the most striking achievements of white middle-class women reformers during the Progressive Era was .
A. gaining the right to vote in school elections
B. mobilizing working class women in the fight against child labor
C. uniting women of different classes in grassroots activism
D. improving women’s and children's working conditions
Questions 13 to 16 are based on the following passage:
A recent study has provided clues to predator-prey dynamics in the late Pleistocene era. Researchers compared the number of tooth fractures in present carnivores with tooth fractures in carnivores that lived 36，000 to 10，000 years ago and that were preserved in the Rancho La Brea tar pits in Los Angeles. The breakage frequencies in the extinct species were strikingly higher than those in the present-day species.
In considering possible explanations for this finding，the researchers dismissed demographic bias because older individuals were. not overrepresented in the fossil samples.They rejected preservational bias because a total absence of breakage in two extinct species demonstrated that the fractures were not the result of abrasion with the pits. They ruled out local bias because breakage data obtained from other Pleistocene sites were similar to the La Brea data. The explanation they consider most plausible is behavioral differences between extinct and presen-day? carnivores-in particular，more contact between the teeth of predators and the bones of prey due to more thorough consumption of carcasses by the extinct species. Such thorough carcass consumption implies to the researchers either that prey availability was low，at least seasonally，or that there was intense competition over kills and a high rate of carcass theft due to relatively high predator densities.
13. The primary purpose of the passage is to .
A. present several explanations for a well-known fact
B. suggest alternative methods for resolving a debate
C. argue in favor of a controversial theory
D. discuss the implications of a research finding
14. According to the passage，compared with Plesitoc ene carnivores in other areasPleistocene carnivores in the La Brea area .
A. included the same species，in approxmately the same proportions
B. had a similar frequency of tooth fractures
C. populated the La Brea area more densely
D. consumed their prey more thoreoughly
15. The researchers' conclusion concerning the absence of demographic bias would be mostseriously undermined if it were found that
A. the older an individual carnivore is, the more likely it is to have a large number of tooth fractures
B. the average age at death of a present-day carnivore is greater than was the average age
at the death of a Plesitocene carnivore
C. in Pleistocene carniore species，older individuals consumed carcasses as thoroughly as did younger individuals
D. the methods used to determine animals ' ages in fossil samples tend to misidentify many older individuals as younger individuals
16. According to the passage，if the researchers had NOT found that two extinct carnivore species were free of tooth breakage，the researchers would have concluded that.
A. the difference in breakage frequencies could have been the result of damage to the fossil remains in the La Brea pits
B. the fossils in the other Pleistocene sites could have higher breakage frequencies thando the fossils in the La Brea
pits
C. Pleistocene carnivore species probably behaved ver￥ similarly to one another with respect to consumption of
carcasses
D. all Pleistocene carnivore species differed behaviorally from present-day carnivore specles
Questions 17 to 20 are based on the following passage:
Traditionally，the first firm to commercialize a new technology has benefited from the
unique opportunity to shape product definitions，forcing followers to adapt to a standard or
invest in an unproven alternative. Today，however，the largest payoffs may go to
companies that lead in developing integrated approaches for successful mass production and
distribution.
Producers of the Beta format for videocassette recorders (VCRs), for example，were
first to develop the VCR commercially in 1975，but producers of the rival VSH ( Video
Home System) format proved to be more successful at forming strategic alliances with other
producers and distributors to manufacture and market their VCR format. Seeking to
maintain exclusive control over VCR distribution, Beta producers were reluctant to form
such? alliances and eventually lost ground to VHS in the competition for the global VCR
market.
Despite Beta's substantial technological head start and the factthat VHS was neither
technically better nor cheaper than Beta, developers of VHS quickly turned a slight early
lead in sales intoa dominant position. Strategic alignments with producers of prerecorded
tapes were more available in VHS format further expanded VHS's share of the market. By
the end of the 1980s，Beta was no longer in production.
1 7. The passage is primarily concerned with.
A. evaluating two comteting technologies
B. tracing the impact of a new technology by narrating a sequence of events
C. reinterpreting an event from contemporary business history
D. illustrating a business strategy by means of a case history
18. According to the passage，consumers began to develop a preference for VCRs in the VHS format because they believed .
A. VCRs in the VHS format were technically better than competing format VCRs
B. VCRs in the VHS format were less expensive than competing format VCRs
C. VHS was the first standard. format for VCRs
D. VHS prerecorded videotapes were more available than those in Beta format
19. According to the passage，today' s successful firms，unlike successful firms in the past，may earn the greatest profits by.
A. investing in research to produce cheaper versions of existing technology
B. being the first to market a competing technology
C. adapting rapidly to a technological standard previously set by a competing firm
D. emphasizing the development of methods for the mass production and distribution of a new technology
20. Which of the following best describes the relation of the first paragraph to the whole passage?
A. It makes a general observation to be exemplified.
B. It outlines a process to be analyzed.
C. It poses a question to be answered.
D. It advances an argument to be disputed.
Part II English-ChineseTranslation (20 % )
21.Archaeology as a profession faces two major problems. First，it is the poorest of the poor. Only paltry sums are available for excavating and even less is available for publishing the results and preserving the sites once excavated. Yet archaeologists deal with priceless objects every day. Second，there is the problem of illegal excavation，resulting in museum-quality pieces being sold to the highest bidder.
22.I would like to make an outrageous suggestion that would at one stroke provide funds for archaeology and reduce the amount of illegal digging. I would propose that scientific archaeological expeditions and government authorities sell excavated artifacts on the??n market. Such sales would provide substantial funds for the excavation and preservation of archaeological sites and the publication of results. At the same time，they would break the illegal excavator’s grip on the market，thereby decreasing the inducement to engage in illegal activities.
23. You might object that professionals excavate to acquire knowledge，not money.Morreover, ancient artifcacts are part of our global cultural heritage，which should be available for all to appreciate，not sold to the highest bidder. I agree. Sell nothing that has unique artistic merit or scientific value. But，you might reply，everything that comes out of the ground has scientific value. Here we part company. Theoretically，you may be correct in claiming that every artifact has potential scientific value. Practically，you are wrong.
I refer to the thousands of pottery vessels and ancient lamps that are essentially duplicates of one another. In one small excavation in Cyprus，archaeologists recently uncovered 2，000 virtually indistinguishable small jugs ina single courtyard. Even precious seal impressions known as I' melekh handles have been found in abundance-more than 4,000examples so far.
The basements of museums are simply not large enough to store the artifacts that are likely to be discovered in the future. There is not enough money even to catalog the finds; as a result，they cannot be found again and become as inaccessible as if they had never been discovered. Indeed，with the help of a computer，sold artifacts could be more accessible than are the pieces stored in bulging museum basements. Prior to sale，each could be photographed and the list of the purchasers could be maintained on the computer. A purchaser could even be required to agree to return the piece if it should become needed for scientific purposes.
24.It would be unrealistic to suggest that illegal digging would stop if artifacts were sold on the open market. But the demand for the clandestine product would be substantially reduced. Who would want an unmarked pot when another w θ、ble whose provenance was known，and that was dated stratigraphically by the，1Onal archaeologist who excavated it?
Part III Chinese-English Translation (20%)
历史的重要原则就是变革。在彻底改变现状的新事件和新观点产生之前，历史为过去的信友提供文件证据。作为一个物种，我们人类有能力使自己形成个性的智力和自由意志。作为个体，我们在自己的兴趣和好恶等的基础之上确立一种个性。作为一个物种，我们确立一种构成所有个性总和的共性。作为个体，作为社会成员，我们扮演的两种角色之间有什么样的联系？它与能力、权力和个体对所谓的“共同意志”的服从有关。
在17世纪，社会契约理论（至少在理论上）有助于解释个体怎样最终服从现代国家这样的权力机构。这些社会契约理论家当中最重要的一位是约翰?洛克(J ohn Locke)，他仿效更早的理论家托马斯·霍布斯(Thomas Hobbes)并假设有一种所有的人都身处
其中的原始状况，该状况被称为“自然状态”。在原始状况中，没有集体的力量，只有分散的个体，他们有绝对的自由做他们认为合适的任何事情。自然状态要受到全能的造物主制定的“自然法则”的指导，其内容是个体不应该侵犯他人的天赋人权一一生命、自由和财产。然而，天赋人权很难得到保障，因为在自然状态中，没有起控制作用的约束力。因此，强者很容易剥削弱者，这就导致了社会契约的产生。据此，一群人可以团结起来并同意放弃他们个人的部分权力以寻求集体，即国家的保护。国家成为行政、立法和司法方面的权力机构，保护正义和天赋人权。
Part IV Writing (20 %)
Directions: In this part，you are required to write a composition entitled Why People Write
Research Papers. You should use your own ideas，knowledge and experience and support
your arguments with examples and relevant evidence. Write at least 200 words.
Part]I English...Chinese Translation
21.考古学行业面临两大问题:首先，该行业最穷。用于发掘的费用很少，用于发表考古学成果、保护曾经发掘过的遗址的费用就更少了，而考古学家每天都同无价之宝打交道。其次，非法发掘导致能够进博物馆的宝物被出售给出价最高的人。
22.我想提出一个惊人的建议，这个建议一下子就能为考古学筹集资金并减少非法发掘的发案率。我提议:科学考古队和政府机构在公开市场上出售人工制品。这些销售行为能为发掘并保护考古学遗址、发表考古学成果筹措大量的资金。与此同时，这些销售行为会削弱非法发掘者对市场的控制，因此减轻从事非法活动的诱惑力。
23.你也许会提出异议:专业人员发掘是为了获取知识而不是金钱。此外，古代人工制品是全球文化遗产的组成部分，它们应让所有的人欣赏，而不应该卖给出价最高的人，我同意这种观点。不要出售特别有艺术或科学价值的东西。在这一点上，我们存在分歧。从理论上讲，宣称每件人工制品有潜在的科学价值也许是正确的。实际上，你错了。
24.指出只要人工制品在公开的市场上出售，非法发掘的行为就会停止的观点是不切实际的;但私下交易的产品的需求量会大为减少。可以买到渊源很清楚、专业的考古学家发掘的、根据地层学标注年代的锅，谁还会要没有特色的锅呢?
PartDr Chinese
The central tenet of history is change. History is the documentation of how things were; before new events and ideas emerged to revolutionize the status quo. As a species，we homo sapiens are equipped with faculties of intelligence and free will that allow us to develop an individual identity. As individuals，we establish an individual identity based on our interests，likes，dislikes，etc. As a species，we establish a collective identity that is the aggregate of all individual identities. What is the link between these two roles that we play，as individuals and as a collective member of society?It has to do with power，authority，and the subjugation of the individual will to what has been called “the general will”.
In the 17th century，the emergence of social contract theory helped to explain (at least in a theoretical way) how individuals came to live under an authority such as the modern state. One of the most important of these social contract theorists，John Locke，took a cue from the earlier theorist Thomas Hobbes and postulated that there was an original condition，in which all humans once existed，called the "state of nature". In the state of nature，there was no collective power，but only scattered individuals，who had abosolute freedom to do whatever they saw fit. The stat~ of nature was to be governed by "the law of nature"，ordained by an omnipotent creator，that individuals should not infringe upon the natural rights of others，specifically their life，liberty or property. How ever, there was no guarantee of this，for in the state of nature there is no controlling force of restraint，and the most powerful could easily exploit the weak. This led to the creation of a social contract，whereby a group of individuals banded together and agreed to give up some of their individual power in order to gain protection fromtheir collectivity，the state，which would act as an executive，legislative and judicial authority，to preserve justice and natural rights.
Part N Writing
Why People Write Research Papers
It is knOwn to all that people have their motives to do anything. Those who writeresearch papers surely have their own motives. According to my empirical research，people who write research papers can be categorized into the following types: First，people write research papers to share with others thier research findings or their viewpoints on natural，social，economic phenomena，etc.
Second，quite anumber of people write research papers to satisfy the needs of their work and studies. For example, a candidate for a master's degree or a doctor's degree have to publish at least two influential research papers in core
journals before getting his or her academic degree. An associate professor wishing to be promoted to a full professor has to publish five research papers in core journals before being promoted to one.
As for me，I write research papers for neither fame nor social status or academic status. I do it merely for readers. By writing research papers，I can display my research findings or academic viewpoints in front of readers. My viewpoints can give rise to readers' deep thought whether they are right or wrong.
Besides，I can exchange my viewpoints with readers having read my papers. In this way，I can make many friends in the academic community，who will be a great help to my writing and teaching career.
2015年考博 单选： 有少部分原题（出自曾建彬《研究生英语》《研究生高级英语》） 阅读理解： 第一篇：Education is one of the key words of our time. A man without an education, most of us believe, is an unfortunate victim of adverse circumstances, deprived of one of the greatest twentieth-century opportunities. Convinced of the importance of education, modern states "invest" in institutions of learning to get back "interest" in the form. of a large group of enlightened young men and women who are potential leaders. Education, with its cycles of instruction so carefully worked out, punctuated by textbooks—that purchasable wells of wisdom—what would civilization be like without its benefits? So much is certain: that we would have doctors and preachers, lawyers and defendants, marriages and births—but our spiritual outlook would be different. We would lay less stress on "facts and figures" and more on a good memory, on applied psychology, and the capacity of a man is to get along with his fellow-citizens. If our educational system were fashioned after its bookless past we would have the most democratic form. of "college" imaginable. Among tribal people all knowledge inherited by tradition is shared by all; it is taught to every member of the tribe so that in this respect every- body is equipped for life. It is the ideal condition of the "equal start" which only our most progressive forms of modern education try to regain. In primitive cultures the obligation to seek and to receive the traditional instruction is binding to all. There are no "illiterates"—if the term can be applied to peoples without a script—while our own compulsory school attendance became law in Germany in 1642, in France in 1806, and in England in 1876, and is still non-existent in a number of "civilized" nations. This shows how long it was before we deemed it necessary to make sure that all our children could share in the knowledge accumulated by the "happy few" during the past centuries. Education in the wilderness is not a matter of monetary means. All are entitled to an equal start. There is none of the hurry, which, in our society, often hampers the full development of a growing personality. There, a child grows up under the ever-present attention of his parents' and therefore the jungles and the savannahs know of no "juvenile delinquency". No necessity of making a living away from home results in neglect of children, and no father is confronted with his inability to "buy" an education for his child. (选自新概念) 第二篇：关于在Internet site上挂条幅广告销售商品的。第一题问：文章开头是什么意思，我选择了，和传统广告一样，互联网广告也是为了促使消费者冲动消费。有一题问：下列哪些选项作者没提及：我选了传统广告在较长的竞争中必然会战胜网络广告方式。有一题关于互联网广告的：我选择了需要做些change来保持他的竞争性什么的。最后一题问作者对互联网广告的态度：uncertain,objective,X,X.另两个记不清了，我选的客观的。 第三篇：关于脸书，推特等这些网络平台火的原因，强调以前的网络平台web1.只是让你看别人提供的content，而web 2.如这些社交平台是让你能跟别人交流自己creat content,而不是enjoy 别人提供的content.一题问：Myspace社交平台火的原因：我选了有content的那个选项。有题问下面哪个选项作者没提及：我选了大家怀念web1.那个选项。 第3篇This reading comprehension focuses on social networks. It's followed by key vocabulary
英语模拟试题（一） 二、语言知识运用（共两小节，计20分） 第一节：单项填空（共10小题，计10分） 从每小题A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出一个能填入句中空白处的最佳答案。 16. —Who’s ________ young man with long hair? —He’s a friend of mine. A. a B. the C. an D. \ 17. —How do you study for a test ? —I study ________ working with a group. A. in B. by C. at D. on 18. —________ do you go for a trip with your family? — About once a year. A. How often B. How soon C. How much D. How long 19. —Would you like some coffee or tea? —________. Water is OK. A. Both B. Either C. Neither D. All 20. Jim came home late last night, ________? A. is he B. doesn’t he C. did he D. didn’t he 21. The young man used to drive to work, but he is used to________ to work now. A. walking B. walked C. walks D. walk 22. —What a beautiful factory! I want to work in it. —Well, workers ________ very much here. A. need B. are needing C. are needed D. will need 23. —Can I park my car here? —No, look at the sign. Which sign does the second speaker refer to (指)? A B C D 24. His father likes going hiking. ________. A. So does his mother B. So is his mother C. So his mother is D. So his mother does 25. Our teacher told us the sun ________ in the east. A. rise B. rose C. rising D. rises 第二节：完形填空（共10小题，计10分） 阅读下面短文，从每小题A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出一个能填入文中相应空白处的最佳答案。 Water is the 26 of all the things we eat and drink. Not many people understand this but 27 quite true. The human(人类) body can go without 28 for a long time. We’ve got many examples for this. Yet two 29 three days without water can usually make people 30 . A person can’t live31 water. Many people don’t understand how32 water the human body needs 33 work well, and many people, especially young people, do not drink enough, 34 in very hot weather. Our body has mostly water, about 65% to 75%. That is to say about two thirds of our body is water. When we do sports, some of the water will get away from our body. 35 we don’t drink some water, we won’t have enough water. And if we don’t have enough water, we’ll feel tired and many of us will get ill. So you know how important water is to us. 26. A. important B. most important C. more important D. different 27. A. it’s B. its C. it D. is 28. A. food B. water C. drink D. meat 29. A . so B. And C. But D. or 30. A. to die B. die C. to died D. died 31. A. have B. with C. without D. in 32. A. many B. much C. little D. few 33. A. and B. the C. / D. to 34. A. even B. ever C. almost D. hardly 35. A. If B. For C. Since D. Because 三、阅读理解（共20小题，计30分） 阅读下面短文，从每小题A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出能回答所提问题或完成所给句子的最佳答案。 A Americans are very direct（直接的）people. When they want something they say “yes” and when they don’t
北京外国语大学考博英语模拟真题及其解析 Directions: In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 1-5, choose the most suitable one from the list A―G to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. A new volcano was being born.Geng duo yuan xiao wan zheng kao bo ying yu zhen ti ji qi jie xi qing lian xi quan guo mian fei zi xun dian hua:si ling ling liu liu ba liu jiu qi ba ,huo jia zi xun qq: qi qi er liu qi ba wu san qi. The volcano in the cornfield grew until it was bigger than the cornfield! 1 People called the volcano the Little Monster because it grew so fast. Scientists came from all over the world to study it and watch it grow. It is not often that people get a chance to watch a volcano from the very beginning. Most of the volcanoes have been here for a very long time. Some have been here so long that now they are cold. They are called dead volcanoes. They have stopped throwing out fire and melted rock and smoke. It is safe to walk on them. Farms are plowed on the quiet slopes, and people have built houses there. Some volcanoes have stopped throwing out hot rock, but they still smoke a little now and then. They are "sleeping" volcanoes. Sometime they may "wake up". 2 Today volcanoes are not so dangerous for people as they were a long time ago. Now we know more about why volcanoes do what they do, and we can usually tell when they are going to do it. 3
成人英语模拟试题二(2) Part II. V ocabulary and Structure (30%) Directions: In this part there are 30 incomplete sentences. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet . 16. When she was busy tidying the room, her little kid is always __________. A. under way B. on the way C. in the way D. by the way 17. If you have trouble _____the poems, the notes on the margins will help you. A. to understand B. understanding C. for understanding D. with understanding 18. I _______with all the windows closed, but now I’d like some fresh air. A. am used to sleep B. am used to sleeping C. used to sleeping
D. used to sleep 19. It ________that the mysterious visitor was an old friend of my grandmother. A. turned up B. turned off C. turned on D. turned out 20. Let’s have a get-together on the weekend, ________? A. shall we B. will we C. shan’t we D. won’t we 21. Living in the central American desert has its problems,________ obtaining water is not the least. A. of which B. for what C. as D. whose 22. Although _______happened in that developed country sounds like science fiction, it could occur elsewhere in the world. A. which B. what
北京大学考博英语模拟题14 Part ⅠVocabulary 1. The attack of the World Trade Center will leave a ______ impression on those who have witnessed the explosion. A.long B.forever https://www.doczj.com/doc/7e3790709.html,sting D.lively 答案：C [解答] 本题空格处是说留下持久的印记。long的意思是“长期的”；forever的意思是“永远”；lasting的意思是“持久的”；lively的意思是“活泼的，逼真的”。四个选项中只有C项符合题意。 2. The magician picked out several persons ______ from the audience and asked them to help him with the performance. A.by accident B.on average C.on occasion D.at random 答案：D by accident偶然的。on average平均的。on occasion有时。at random随意的。 3. British hopes of a gold medal in the Olympic Games suffered ______ yesterday, when Hunter failed to qualify during the preliminary heats. A.a sharp set-back B.severe set-back C.a severe blown-up D.sharp blown-up
扬州中学教育集团树人学校九年级模拟考试 英语试卷 说明： 1.本试卷共8页，包含选择题（第1题～第45题，共45题）、非选择题（第46题～第81题， 共36题）两部分。满分120分，考试时间为100分钟。考试结束后，请将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 2.答题前，考生务必将本人的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡相应的位置上，同时务必在试卷的装 订线内将本人的姓名、准考证号、毕业学校填写好，在试卷第4页的右下角填写好座位号。3.所有的试题都必须在专用的“答题卡”上作答，选择题用2B铅笔作答、非选择题在指定位置用 0.5毫米黑色水笔作答。在试卷或草稿纸上答题无效。 一、单项选择（共15小题；每小题l分，计15分） 在下列各题A、B、C、D四个选项中选择一个能填入题干空白处的最佳答案。 ( )1. Tom told me that he needed a chair and that soon he found _________. A. it B. that C. one D. the one ( )2. I knock at the door several times but ____answered, so I left. A. somebody B. nobody C. anybody D. everybody ( )3. —_____ did your family spend the New Year? —In our hometown. A. Why B. When C. Where D. How ( )4. — How long will it be ________ the Stock Market returns to normal? — At least one year, I guess. A. before B. when C. until D. that ( )5. You are not ______ to smoke here. It’s dangerous. A. supposed B. suggested C. used D. allowing ( )6. — What took you so long? — I got lost. I have no _________ of direction. A. feeling B. ability C. knowledge D. sense ( )7. The best way to make sure that you can keep fit is to ______ healthy eating habits. A. find B. develop C. shape D. prepare ( )8. My computer began to return to the ______ running state after I killed the virus by newly-updated Kill 3000. A. ordinary B. normal C. average D. common ( )9. People _________ are bored are more likely to turn to unhealthy habits like smoking. A. which B. whom C. whose D. who ( )10. Their car broke down while they ________in the desert. A. drove B. were driving C. are driving D. will drive ( )11. Please pass the glasses, my dear. I can __________ read the words in the newspaper. A. hardly B. really C. rather D. clearly ( )12. The computer system _____suddenly while he was surfing the Internet.
模拟20 Part ⅠListening Comprehension (20 %) (略) Part ⅡVocabulary and Structure (10%) Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there arc four choices marked A, B, C and D. Circle the one that best completes the sentence. 1. With price ______ so much, it' s hard for the company to plan a budget. A. fluctuating B. waving C. swinging D. vibrating 2. Noting the murder victim' s pear like figure, she deduced that the unfortunate fellow had earned his living in some ______ occupation. A. treacherous B. prestigious C. ill-paying D. sedentary 3. Educators are now recommending that reasoning skills ______ in the class room since recent tests indicate that many teachers in the past have ignored these skills. A. are emphasized B. must be emphasized C. would be emphasized D. should be emphasized 4. The place did not seem to be popular, for it was completely deserted, and in any case ______ to traffic. A. inaccessible B. inadequate C. insignificant D. incompatible 5. Hardly a week passed ______ he got another new idea. A. that B. for C. but that D. but for 6. Most people spend far more of their leisure time with the mass media than in any other ______. A. business B. occupation C. job D. profession 7. Their ______ -- that their project under way was something entirely new proved to be untrue. A. repetition B. assumption C. impression D. comparison 8. ______ they must put aside their prejudices, ______ . we must be prepared to accept their good faith. A. Just as... so B. Just as... as C. So much... as D. So far... as 9. A light sleeper is usually very ______ to any sound even as inaudible as the humming of a mosquito. A. acute B. keen C. alert D. immune 10. Nobody yet knows how long and how seriously the shakiness in the financial system will the economy. A. knock down B. drag down C. settle down D. put down 11. There is a real possibility that we could finish the task ahead of schedule, ______ enough time. A. being there B. there was C. should there be D. there having been 12. Don't do anything against law again, otherwise, you and your ______ will be caught by the police. A. comrades B. associates C. connection D. relations 13. The trouble seems to be that income tax is progressive, so that the richer you get, the less rich you are than ______. A. what you think you ought to be B. what you thought you ought to be C. what you thought you should be D. you think you ought to be 14. After thirty years of television, people have become "speed watchers"; consequently, if the camera lingers, the interest of the audience ______. A. broadens B. varies C. flags D. clears 15. The education ______ for the coming year is about $4 billion, which is much more than what people expected.
英语模拟试题二 I 语言知识及应用(共两节，满分45分) 第一节完形填空(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分) 1-5 BDCBA 6-10 ACCBC 11-15 BADAD 第二节语法填空f共10小题；每小题1．5分，满分15分) 16．the 17．who／that 18．up 19．to find 20．shook 21．were cheated 22．frightened 23．this 24．nothing 25．truth Ⅱ阅读(共两节，满分50分) 第一节阅读理解(共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分) 26-30．B C C D B 31-35．C D C A C 36-40．ACDCC 41-45．CABAA 第二节信息匹配(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分) 46．D 47．A 48．F 49．E 50．C Ⅲ写作(共两节，满分40分) 第一节基础写作(共1小题；满分15分) One possible version： On May 8，2011，9 of the 130 exhibits that the Hong Kong Liangyi Collection was displaying in the Palace Museum got stolen．The police in Beijing took immediate action and caught the suspect three days later．Although some of the stolen exhibits were recovered，there has been no trace of the other three．This case has drawn much attention to the protection of cultural relics in the society．In my opinion，it is everyone’s duty to protect cultural relics and prevent others from stealing or damaging them． 第二节读写任务(共1小题；满分25分) ’ One possible version： The passage shows a delightful tendency that more teens volunteer for charitable causes．Such action sets an example to their parents．Gaby Lacy from America is an example．
中国人民大学——英语2004年博士研究生入学考试试题 客观题部分 请用铅笔将此部分试题的答案填涂在答题卡上，否则无效！ II. Vocabulary (10 points) PartA (5 points) Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked iL B, C arm 1). Choose the:one thatbest completes the sentence and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square bracket on ANSWER SHEET 1. Example: She prefers foreign wine to that produced__ A. previously B. vLrtually C. primarily D. domestically The sentence should read,; "She prefers foreign wine to that produce domesticany." Therefore, you should choose D. Sample Answer [A] [B] [C] [D] 1. International sport should create goodwill between the nations, but in the present organization of the Olympics somehow encourages__ patriotism. A. obsolete B. aggressive C. harmonious D. amiable Z One call understand others much better by noting the immediate and fleeting reactions of their eyes and __ to expressed thoughts. A. dilemmas B. countenances C. concessions D. junctions 3. People innately _____ for superiority over their peers although it sometimes takes the form of an exaggerated lust for power. A. strive B. ascertain C. justify D. adhere 4. Some scientists have suggested that Earth is a kind of, zoo or wildlife for intelligent space beings, like the wilderness areas we have set up on earth to allow animals to develop naturally while we observe them. A. conservation B. maintenance C. storage D. reserve 5. According to the latest report, consumer confidence___ a breathtaking 15 points .last month, to its lowest level in 9 years. A. soared B. mutated C. plummeted D. fluctuated 6. Melissa is a computer___ that destroyed files in computers and frustrated thousands of users around the world. A. genius B. vires C. disease D. bacteria 7. The emphasis:on examinations is iby far the. worst form of competition in schools. A. negligent B. edible C. fabulous D. disproportionate 8. The boy seemed more _____ to their poverty, after seeing how his grandparents lived. A. reconciled B. consolidated C. deteriorated D. attributed 9. During his two-month stay, in China, Tom never____ a chance to practice his Chinese.
九年级英语模拟试题 （满分: 150分考试时间: 120分钟） 第I 卷（共100分） I. 听力测试。（共30分） 一、听录音，选出正确的答语。句子听一遍。(每小题1.5分，共9分) ( )1. A. To study with a group. B. By studying with a group. C. For studying with a group. ( )2. A. Basketball. B. He’s very kind. C. He is a driver. ( )3. A. Yes, I do. B. No, I didn’t. C. Yes, I’d like to. ( )4. A. No, I don’t think so. B. Yes, they should. C. Yes, they do. ( )5. A. Really? B. Thank you. C. Not at all. ( )6. A. Friday B. September 28th C. Friday, September 28th 二、听录音，根据你所听到的对话及问题选出正确的答语。对话听一遍。(每小题1.5分， 共9分) ( )7. A. It’s rainy. B. It will be rainy soon C. It’s sunny. ( )8. A. By practice conversations with friends. B. By studying grammar. C. By watching Chinese movies. ( )9. A. Peter B. Tim C. Both A and B. ( )10. A. Tall and thin. B. Short and heavy C. She wears glasses. ( )11. A. 80 yuan B. 110 yuan C. 160 yuan ( )12. A. A doctor. B. A teacher C. A soldier. 三、听第一篇短文回答第13到16小题，短文听两遍。(每小题1.5分，共6分) ( )13. Sports can make us___________. A. strong and smart B. beautiful C. rich and famous ( )14. How much exercise we should do? A. The more, the better. B. 30 minutes each time C. Once a week. ( )15. What can we do in a healthy center? A. Eat and drink with friends. B. Do sports with friends. C. Watch movies with friends. ( )16. How many specific ways of exercise are mentioned in the passage. A. 6 B.5 C. 4 四、听第二篇短文回答第17到20小题，短文听两遍。(每小题1.5分，共6分) ( )17. Why do the schools want the students to wear uniforms? A. They think the uniforms are beautiful. B. They think it will make the students feel proud of their schools. C. They think it can help the students study better. ( )18. Do students like the name of the school on the uniforms? A. Yes, they do. B. No, they don’t. C. Not mentioned. ( )19. Where was the school clothes competition held? A. In Beijing. B. In a school. C. In America. ( )20. Why don’t the students like school uniforms? Which one is NOT the reason? A. The school uniforms make the students feel bored B. The students think the uniforms cost too much. C. The school uniforms are not comfortable to wear.