初中英语八年级下册（牛津译林版）Unit8Reading教学设计
一、教学目标
（一）知识与技能
1. 学生能够掌握并熟练运用本节课所学的词汇和短语，如"public", "transport", "convenient",
"pollution", "environment"等，并能运用到日常交流中。
2. 学生能够理解并运用一般现在时和一般过去时描述城市交通的发展和现状。
3. 学生能够通过阅读理解文章的主旨大意，掌握文章的基本结构，获取文章中的具体信息。
4. 学生能够运用阅读策略，如预测、扫描、略读等，提高阅读效率。
5. 学生能够通过小组讨论、汇报等形式，运用英语进行口头表达，提高口语交流能力。
（二）过程与方法
1. 学生通过自主预习，培养自主学习的能力。
2. 学生在课堂上通过教师引导，运用阅读策略，提高阅读理解能力。
3. 学生通过小组合作，培养团队合作意识和解决问题的能力。
4. 学生在课堂活动中，运用英语进行口头表达，锻炼口语交流能力。
5. 教师通过提问、反馈等方式，引导学生进行思考，培养学生批判性思维。
（三）情感态度与价值观
1. 学生通过学习本节课的内容，认识到城市交通对环境的影响，增强环保意识。
2. 学生能够了解不同城市的交通现状，尊重不同文化的差异，培养跨文化交际意识。
3. 学生在小组活动中，学会倾听、尊重他人意见，培养合作精神。
4. 学生在课堂活动中，克服语言障碍，敢于用英语表达，增强自信心。
5. 学生通过对城市交通问题的探讨，关注社会现象，培养社会责任感。
二、学情分析
八年级下册的学生已经具备了一定的英语基础，掌握了基本的语法知识，具备了一定的词汇量和阅读能力。在此基础上，他们对城市交通这一话题较为熟悉，但可能对交通对环境的影响以及不同城市的交通现状认识有限。因此，在教学过程中，教师需要关注以下学情：
1. 学生的阅读策略运用能力：多数学生已经掌握了一定的阅读技巧，但仍有部分学生在阅读过程中缺乏目的性和策略性。教师应引导他们运用预测、扫描、略读等策略，提高阅读效率。
UNIT 8 READING 1
Utilitarianism requires us to evaluate the ethics of an ethics strategy in terms of its consequences. Although
utilitarian philosophers disagree over the correct standard (whether we should maximize average or total happiness),
those consequences which maximize happiness are considered to be ethical (Smart and Williams, 1973). At least
five objections may be made to the use of ethics or corporate social responsibility as strategy because of its
unfavorable consequences.
功利主义要求我们去评估一个道德策略的道德规范就它的结果而言。虽然功利主义哲学家不同意正确的标准（是否我们应该使平均或总的幸福最大化），这些行为使幸福最大化的结果被认为是道德（Smart和威廉姆斯，1973）。至少有五个反对的理由被用做是功利或者企业社会责任的策略因为它导致的不利结果。
First, ethics may be used to create a competitive advantage by imposing the ethical conventions of one firm on
an industry. In effect, business ethics creates a monopoly for those firms already in compliance with respect to
Part 1 Multiple Choice
(每小题：1 分)
Directions: Choose the best answer from the four choices
marked A, B, C and D.
1. ________ so many people in the United States been out of
work as today.
A. More than ever before
B. In the past, there have never
C. Never before have
D. Formerly, there never were
2.
The association is ________ to raising funds to help the blind.
A. conducted
B. committed
C. concentrated
D. concerned
3. The TV station, in ________ to massive popular demand,
decided to continue the soap opera (肥皂剧).
A. regard
B. relation
C. respect
D. response
4. After so many days without rain, the ground quickly ________
the little rain that fell last night.
A. dropped
B. flooded
C. grasped
D. absorbed
5. She ________ her nervousness to the importance of the
interview.
A. contributed
B. dedicated
8B Unit8 reading I Green Switzerland
Teaching aims：
To help students get the general idea of the passage;
To help students master reading strategies and improve their reading
abilities;
To help students understand the importance of protecting the environment
and live a green life.
Teaching important and difficult points：
To help students grasp the general idea of the passage.
To improve students’ reading abilities by helping them master reading
strategies.
Teaching procedures：
Step1. Lead in
Ss will be asked to talk in pairs about what should we do to live a green
life.( This step is designed to call up ss’ knowledge of what they have
learned in Welcome to the unit.)
Step2. Introduction
Introduce Switzerland to ss by showing them pictures.( This step is
designed to arouse ss’ interest.)
Step 3. New words
