名词性从句的引导词与用法

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翥四组　燧　镯弓５导谪用法区别　

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１．ｗｈａｔ与ｔｈａｔ的用法区别　两者均可引导主语、表语、宾语从句，区别是ｗｈａｔ可在从句中用作主语、宾语或表语，意为　

“什么”或“所……的”，而ｔｈａｔ仅起连接作用，本身没有实际意义，在从句中也不充当任何句子　

成分（引导宾语从句时通常可以省略１：　

Ｈｅ　ｄｏｅｓｎ’ｔ　ｋｎｏｗ　ｗｈａｔ　ｓｈｅ　ｌｉｋｅｓ．他不知道她喜欢什么　

Ｗｈａｔ　ｙｏｕ　ｓａｙ　ｉｓ　ｑｕｉｔｅ　ｒｉｇｈｔ．你所说的相当正确。　

Ｉ　ｂｅｌｉｅｖｅ（ｔｈａｔ）ｈｅ　ｗｉｌｌ　ｃｏｍｅ　ｔｏ　ｓｅｅ　ａｓ．我相信他会来看我们的。　

Ｉｔ’Ｓ　ａ　ｐｉｔｙ（ｔｈａｔ）ｈｅ　ｄｉｄｎ’ｔ　ｆｉｎｉｓｈ　ｃｏｌｌｅｇｅ．真遗憾他大学没毕业　另外，ｔｈａｔ可引导同位语从句，但ｗｈａｔ通常不用于引导同位语从句：　

Ｉ　ｈａｄ　ｎｏ　ｉｄｅａ　ｔｈａｔ　ｙｏｕ　ｗｅｒｅ　ｈｅｒｅ．我不知道你在这儿　

２．ｗｈｅｔｈｅｒ与ｉｆ的用法区别　

两者的用法异同要注意以下几点：　

ｆ１）两者均可引导宾语从句，表示“是否”，常可互换：　

Ｈｅ　ａｓｋｅｄ　ｉｆ／ｗｈｅｔｈｅｒ　ｗｅ　ｗａｎｔｅｄ　ａ　ｄｒｉｎｋ．他问我们是否想喝一杯　

Ｈｅ　ｄｉｄｎ’ｔ　ｔｅｌｌ　ｍｅ　ｉｆ／ｗｈｅｔｈｅｒ　ｈｅ　ｗｏｕｌｄ　ｃｏｍｅ．他没有告诉我他是否会来　

【注】若是引导条件状语从句，则只能用ｉｆ（意为“如果”）。　ｆ２１当引导一个否定的宾语从句时，通常用ｉｆ而不用ｗｈｅｔｈｅｒ：　

Ｉ　ｄｏｎ’ｔ　ｃａｒｅ　ｉｆ　ｉｔ　ｄｏｅｓｎ’ｔ　ｒａｉｎ．我不在乎天是否下雨　

【注】在个别词语（如：ｗｏｎｄｅｒ，ｎｏｔ　ｓｕｒｅ等）后的从句否定式有时也可用ｗｈｅｔｈｅｒ引导：　

１　ｗｏｎｄｅｒ　ｉｆ／ｗｈｅｔｈｅｒ　ｈｅ　ｉｓｎ’ｔ　ｍｉｓｔａｋｅｎ．我想知道他是否错了　

（３１以下情况通常要用ｗｈｅｔｈｅｒ而不用ｉｆ：　

what

当what用作连接代词，引导名词性从句时，可引导主语从句、表语从句和宾语从句；它本身在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语。

表示“所……的（事）”的意思，相当于“the thing(s) that…；all that…；；everything that…；等。例如：

1)Leave it with me and I‘ll see what I can do.

(what引导宾语从句并作do的宾语)

2)What you have done might do harm to other people.

(what引导主语从句并在从句中作宾语)

表示“所……的(人)”意思，相当于“the person that…”等。例如：

1)He is not what he used to be.他已不是从前的他了。

(what引导表语从句并在从句中作表语)

2)She is no longer what she was five years ago.

(what引导表语从句并在从句中作表语)

一.引导主语从句

1) What we need is more time.

2) What really matters is that she wore a pair of white shoes.

3)What he said at the meeting astonished everybody present.

4)What is most important in life isn’t money.

二.引导宾语从句

1) People were perhaps more honest a long time ago when life was very different

from what it is today.

2)People have heard what the President has said; they are waiting to see what

名词性从句引导词

名词性从句的引导词有that、what、which、who、whoever、whom、whomever、if等。名词性从句包括宾语从句、主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句四种。

一、that

1、引导宾语从句时,that常可省略,但如果主句后跟有并列宾语从句时,只能省略第一个that;若宾语从句前插有别的从句时,that也不能省略。例如:

He told me(that)he was all right and that he would come to see me when

he was free.他告诉我说他很好,并说在他有空时来看我。

2、that引导主语从句位于句首时不可省略.如果it作形式主语,而that从句置于句末,这时that可以省略。例如:

That he has lost his work is not true.他丢了工作不是真的。

=It is not true(that)he has lost his work.

二、引导同位语从句时,切不可错用which。例如:

Word has come that some American guests will come to visit our school next

week.有消息说下周将有一些美国客人来我校参观。

which表示特定事物中的"哪一个(些)",一般情况下在从句中充当定语,后接名词,在一定的语境中,它所修饰的名词可以省略,whichever是它的强语势"无论哪一个(些)"。例如:

I believe what (whatever) he says. 我相信他说的(不管他说什么我都相信)。

I will give her which (whichever) book she likes on the shelf. 这个书架上的(任何一本)书,只要她喜欢,我都会给她。

三、 what

1. what除引导名词性从句外，还在从句中作成分，意为“所……的(东西)”，在含义上等于“名词+that”

定语从句引导词及⽤法

定语从句中会有引导词，那么定语从句引导词有哪⼀些呢?以及他们的⽤法⼜是什么呢?

1. 关系代词有：that,which,who,whom,whose,在定语从句中作主语、宾语中表语，whose作定语。代⼈的有：who,whom,whose,that;代物的

有：that,which,whose.例如：

The man who helped you is Mr White.(who代⼈，在定语从句中作主语)

That is the person(whom/who/that) you want to see.(whom,who,that代⼈，在定语从句中作宾语，可省略)

Im not the fool(that) you thought me to be.(that代⼈，在定从中作表语)

A dictionary is a useful book which(=that) tells us the meaning of words(which或that代物，在定从中作主语)

2. 关系副词有：when(指时间)，where(指地点),why(指原因)，在定语从句中作状语。

例如：Would you suggest a time(when) we can have a talk?(when可省略)

The house where they live is not very large./This is the reason why he did not came to the meeting.

注意：不是表时间的先⾏词都⽤when引导定从，不是表地点的先⾏词都⽤where引导定从。例如：Well visit the factory which(=that) makesradios.

(which或that在定从中作主语，where不可⽤主语，故不可⽤)

They still remember the happy days(which/that) they spent in Beidaihe.