英国大选基本情况 英语

1选举是西方民主政治的基石联合王国是全世界三个没有成文宪法的国家之一[9]，英国的宪法由习惯、判例法和国际条约等构成。

所以我们未能明确找到英国大选的法律依据。

4.英国大选（General elections of the United Kingdom）是指英国选举最高立法机构英国国会议员的选举，英国的国会议员（Members of Parliament，MP）通常指下议院议员。

6.选举原则；1。

普遍选举权原则：人人拥有选举权，被选举权2．平等选举权原则：一人一票一值，每张选票影响力相同。

3．直接选举原则：更公正准确地表达选民意愿，透明度较高4．秘密投票原则：选举意愿保密，1872年使用选票，无记名投票7.选举代理人制度：英国竞选中特殊的专门负责组织竞选的班子，接受专门的职业训练，保证该当候选人在选区内胜利，熟悉并能运用选举法，hold 住整个党组织参加选举。

在英国，选举人的一切选举活动，包括召开选民大会、联系选民、印刷和散发文件等等，都取决于代理人的工作。

因此，有人形象的将之喻为负责选举活动的“总经理”。

8．选取划分：目前全国总共659个选区，理论上一个选区只能选出一名下院议员，现在只有650名议员。

优点：投票简单。

10.大选时间：国会议员最长任期为5年，但可因为解散国会而提前结束。

卡梅伦放弃了原有“随便的”首相解散议会下院制度，以一个固定5年任期、需得到55%议员支持才可提前解散下院的新规则代之。

11.候选人提名：经某选区选民一人提议，一人附议，八人联署即可成为下院议员候选人。

一是国籍限制。

二是年龄限制。

年满21岁的拥有选举权的人拥有被选举权。

不到21岁的英国人和居住在英国的英联邦国家的公民和爱尔兰共和国公民没有被选举权。

三是居住限制。

四是职业和身份限制。

五是因精神问题和刑事问题而丧失行为能力和行为资格的人。

六是已登记为合格公民的人才有候选人资格。

七是在一个选区内需有10个选民联名提名者八是要正式作为候选人需交纳500英镑的保证金。

absentee ballot （缺席选举人票）由不能亲自前往投票站的人所投的票，可能是邮递或委托他人代投的票。

Bbackbencher （后座议员）非政府部门官员的议会议员。

ballot （投票）就是投票的意思。

ballot box （投票箱）一个密封的箱子，上面有一道缝，让选民可以把选票投入。

ballot paper （选票）一张列出了有关选区内所有候选人的名单。

在英国，投票人需要在其所选择的候选人的名字旁边画上“X”。

by-election （补选）因为一位在任议员死亡或辞职/离职所引发的选举。

Ccabinet（内阁）在政府最高层的高级官员。

candidate（候选人）参与选举角逐的人。

在英国，议会一旦解散，议员不复存在，只剩下候选人。

coalition （联合政府）如果没有任何一个政党得到所需票数单独筹组政府，两个或更多的政党连手组织出来的政府就是联合政府。

在英国，联合政府非常罕见。

constituency （选区）一个选出议会代表的区域。

在英国，这是产生一个议会议员的地区。

DDissolution of Parliament （解散议会）结束现届议会的行动。

Eelection campaign （选举运动、竞选活动）由开始到结束的整个选举过程。

electoral register （选民名册）一个详细列出选区内所有合资格投票的选民的纪录，也称为electoral roll。

the electoral system （选举制度）赖以安排举行选举的办法。

exit poll （票站出口民调）在选民投票完毕、离开投票站时所进行的、查询他们的投票选择的民意调查。

Fthe final push （最后冲刺）在竞选活动最后阶段争取在大选中获胜的相关行动。

first past the post （以最高票当选）意思是，候选人只需得到简单多数票就可以击败对手当选。

floating voter （游离选民）尚未决定投票意向的选民。

2019考博经济学人文章英语阅读每日精析：英国大选苏格兰独立公投苏格兰独立公投是指2013年3月21日，英国苏格兰政府首席部长萨蒙德宣布，苏格兰将于2014年9月18日举行独立公投，以决定苏格兰是否脱离英国独立。

萨蒙德当天在苏格兰议会宣布这个公投日期。

根据苏格兰选举委员会的建议，公投的问题设计为"苏格兰是否应该成为独立的国家"，答案选项为"是/否"。

萨蒙德说，"苏格兰的未来将由苏格兰人民来决定。

"苏格兰政府当天向苏格兰议会提交独立公投法案，内容涉及公投的具体安排，包括公投日期和开支等内容。

公投法案需要经过苏格兰议会的批准。

因为萨蒙德领导的苏格兰民族党在议会中占据绝绝大部分议席，所以分析人士认为这个法案肯定会获得通过。

2014年9月19日，苏格兰独立公投计票结果公布，55.8%、共1877252名选民对独立说"不"。

同时英国苏格兰政府首席大臣萨蒙德在苏格兰独立公投否决独立后宣布辞职。

2014年9月21日，苏格兰地方政府首席部长萨蒙德接受英国天空卫视新闻台采访时，指责英国政府欺骗苏格兰民众，扬言"独立计划继续，苏格兰可能在不经公投的情况下宣布脱离英国"。

保守党英国保守与统一党(Conservative and Unionist Party)，简称保守党，是英国历史最悠久的政党，也是全国的保守右翼政党。

保守党是在20世纪的英国占主导地位的政党，出过丘吉尔和撒切尔夫人等首相，并在20世纪80年代和90年代创下4次连续执政(1979年—1997年)的业绩，不过保守党自从于1997年大选败于布莱尔领导的工党以后，一直处于反对党的状态，直到2010年同自由民主党组成联合政府重新上台执政。

现任为特雷莎·梅。

2017年6月9日，英国大选投票结束，保守党获得650个议员席位中的314席(较上届选举损失了17个议席)，成为议会第一大党赢得大选，但无法获得过半数席位。

The United Kingdom1.英国的全称The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland2.大不列颠岛的组成England, Scotland & Wales3.什么叫“英联邦”The Commonwealth of Nations, usually known as the Commonwealth, is a voluntary association of 53 independent sovereign states, most of which are former British colonies, or dependencies of these colonies (the exceptions being the United Kingdom itself and Mozambique). 4.伦敦的地位London is the largest city located in the south of the country. It is dominant in Britain in all sorts of ways. It is the cultural and business center and headquarters of the vast majority of Britain’s big companies. It is not only the financial center of the nation, but also one of the three major international financial centers in the world.5.有哪些国家入侵过英国？英格兰：Invasion by RomansIn 43 AD, Britain was invaded by the Roman Empire, and England and Wales became a part of the Roman Empire for nearly 400 years.Invasion by Anglo-SaxonsAs the Roman armies and Roman protection were withdrawn from Britain, and Britain was again divided into small kingdoms, and again it came under threat from Germanic peoples: the Angles, and the Saxon.The Anglo-Saxons succeeded in invading Britain, and either absorb the Celtic people, or pushed them to the western and northern edges of Britain.Invasion by VikingsFrom the late 8th century on, raiders from Scandinavia, the Vikings, threatened Britain shores.Invasion by NormansIn 1066, England was invaded by the Normans under William of Normandy, from northern France, who were descendants of Vikings.The Battle of Hastings defeated an English army under King Harold, marks the last time that an army from outside the British Isles succeeded in invading.苏格兰：Scotland was not conquered by the Romans, though they did try to, and for a while occupied as far as the edge of the northern highland zone.Nor was most of Scotland conquered by the Anglo-Saxons.British Celts occupied the area around what is now Glasgow.Around the 6th century AD, people from Northern Ireland invaded the south-west. They were called the Scots, and it is they that gave the modern country of Scotland its name.The original Scottish Celts, called the Picts, were left the highland zone.6.1689年通过《权利法案》，议会得到权力7.苏格兰首府Edinburgh，最大的城市Glasgow8.威尔士首府Cardiff，民族英雄LlywelynapGruffudd和Owain Glyndwr9.北爱尔兰贫穷的原因：Economic ProblemsPolitical ProblemsConflicts between Protestants and Roman CatholicsConflicts between Unionists /Royalists and nationalists/Republicans10.北爱尔兰的首府Belfast11.The Giant’s Causeway 被列为世界文化遗产，英国第七大奇迹12.Sinn Fein PartySinn Fein is a legal political party in Northern Ireland which supports the IRA to fight for the union of Ireland. The leaders of Sinn Fein prefer union with Ireland by a twin campaign, both military and political which they call the policy of “the Bullet and the Ballot Box”.It believes that without the participation of Sinn Fein the political of Northern Ireland cannot be thoroughly solved.13.IRAThe Irish Republican Army (IRA) was an Irish republican revolutionary military organization descended from the Irish Volunteers.Its aim is to overthrow the British rule in Ireland and unify Northern Ireland with the Southern one, forming an independent Republic of Ireland.14.爱尔兰宗教冲突Conflicts between Protestants and CatholicsThe majority of Irish people were descendants of the original Celtic people who inhabited the British Isles before the Roman Invasion, thus they were ethnically distinct from the majority of British people.In addition, most Irish people were Catholics, while most British people became Protestants.In the 17th century, the English government, trying to increase its control of Ireland, encourages people from Scotland and Northern England to emigrate to Northern Ireland.These people saw themselves different from the rest of the Irish people, and thought of themselves as British, and wished to remain a part of the British state.The Protestants, being the majority, controlled the local democratically-elected parliament, and used that power to support their own economic and social dominance in the province.The Catholics found it hard to get jobs, or to benefit from social programs. Schools and sporting events were segregated.15.英国皇室起源The power of the monarchy was largely derived from the ancient doctrine of “the divine right of kings”. It was held that the sovereign derived his authority from God, not from his subjects.16.“君权神授”The sovereign derived his authority from God, not from his subjects.17.大宪章Magana CartaA charter of liberty and political rights is signed by the King John.MaganaCarta placed some limits on the king’s ability to abuse his royal power. This is still regarded as Britain’s key expression of the rights of citizens against the Crown.18.英国的政体（君主立宪制+代议民主制）女王议会内阁●The Queen is the official Head of State.Britain has aconstitutional monarchy where the Queen only rules symbolically.●Parliament represents the people.●Government runs the country and is also elected by the people ;The leader of the Government is the Prime Minister.19.英国宪法的构成20.议会的职能21.君主的职责●Head of the State●Head of the Armed Forces●Head of the Church of England●Her government duties●Meeting Prime Ministers●Visits22.上下议院的职能The House of Lords:“Double check” new laws to make sure they are fair and will work.The House of Commons:Discussing policies and making laws.23.英国大选 5 年举行一次。

Unit 4 Politics, Class and Race (英国的政治,阶级和种族)一、本单元重点内容1. Importance of general elections (大选的重要性)2. Formation of the government (政府的形成)3. Vote of no confidence (不信任投票)4. Political parties: The Conservative party（保守党）,The Labour party (劳工党),Liberal Democrats (自由民主党)5. Recent political trends in the UK (英国最近的政治动向)6. Margaret Thatcher (玛格丽特·撒切尔)7. class system in the British society (英国社会中的等级制度)8. the hereditary aristocracy (世袭贵族)9. ethnic relations in Britain (英国的民族关系)二、本单元重、难点辅导1. the importance of general elections (held every 5 years)General elections are very important in the western democracy. According to the author, they provide opportunities for people to influence future government policies and to replace those incompetent political leaders.2. the formation of the government651 members of parliament are elected in the general election representing 651 constituencies in the UK. The party which holds a majority of those “seats” in parliament for ms the government, with its party leader as the Prime Minister. A government can be in power for 5 years.651名国会议员在大选中被选出来代表英国的651个选区。