2013届高考英语第一轮精讲精练复习11

简单句的五种基本结构正确的英语句子都要符合一定的语法结构要求。

英语句子的结构可以归纳成五种基本句型。

英语句子都可以看作是这五种句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装构成的。

掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础，也是学好其他语法知识的前提。

英语五种基本句型结构如下：用符号表示为：①ＳＶ（主＋谓）②ＳＶＯ（主＋谓＋宾）③ＳＶｏＯ（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）④ＳＶＯＣ（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）⑤ＳＶＰ（主＋系＋表）主语（subject）谓语（predicate）宾语（object）定语（attribute）状语(adverbial) 补语（complement）表语（predicative）考点1. 基本句型一：ＳＶ（主＋谓）这类句子的谓语动词都是不及物动词，都不带宾语，但可以带状语。

如:Itisrainingnow.(ＳＶ)We’veworked for5hours.(ＳＶ) Themeetinglastedhalfanhour.(ＳＶ)Timeflies.(ＳＶ)练习1. 分析下列句子成分，并在后面括号内标明属于五种基本句型中的哪一种。

1.Darkcloudshungoverhead.()2.Graduallyasmileappearedonherface.()3.Heissmilingalloverhisface.()4.IdidwellinEnglish.()5.Hetalkedloudlyintheclassroomyesterday.()考点2. 基本句型三：ＳＶＯ（主＋谓＋宾）此结构是由“主语+及物动词（词组）+宾语”构成。

ShelikesEnglish. Weplantedalotoftreesonthefarmye sterday.练习2. 分析下列句子成分，并在后面括号内标明属于五种基本句型中的哪一种。

1.PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.2.Jimcannotdresshimself.3.AllofusbelievethatJackisanhonestboy.4.Hedidnotknowwhattosay.5.Hejustwantedtostayathome.6.HepracticesspeakingEnglisheveryday.考点3. 基本句型四：ＳＶｏＯ(主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）有些及物动词可以有两个宾语，如：give“给”，pass“递”，bring“带”，show“展示”。

读后续写作基本技法(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)A MOTHER’S DAY SURPRISEThe twins were filled with excitement as they thought of the surprise they were planning for Mother’s Day. How pleased and proud Mother would be when they brought her breakfast in bed. They planned to make French toast and chicken porridge. They had watched their mother in the kitchen. There was nothing to it. Jenna and Jeff knew exactly what to do.The big day came at last. The alarm rang at 6 a.m. The pair went down the stairs quietly to the kitchen. They decided to boil the porridge first. They put some rice into a pot of water and left it to boil while they made the French toast. Jeff broke two eggs into a plate and added in some milk. Jenna found the bread and put two slices into the egg mixture. Next, Jeff turned on the second stove burner to heat up the frying pan. Everything was going smoothly until Jeff started frying the bread. The pan was too hot and the bread turned black within seconds. Jenna threw the burnt piece into the sink and put in the other slice of bread. This time, she turned down the fire so it cooked nicely.Then Jeff noticed steam shooting out of the pot and the lid starting to shake. The next minute, the porridge boiled over and put out the fire. Jenna panicked. Thankfully, Jeff stayed calm and turned off the gas quickly. But the stove was a mess now. Jenna told Jeff to clean it up so they could continue to cook the rest of the porridge. But Jeff’s hand touched the hot burner and he gave a cry of pain. Jenna made him put his hand in cold water. Then she caught the smell of burning. Oh dear! The piece of bread in the pan had turned black as well.注意:续写词数应为150个左右。

【试卷总评】2013年全国新课标I卷高考试题总体难度适中，没有偏题、怪题。

单项填空考查知识全面，题干简洁、明快，容易理解；完形填空考查的是一篇记叙文。

文章讲述了作者参加了一次周日残疾体验活动，通过对自己几个小时使用轮椅的详细记叙，说明了残疾人生活的不易。

文章的最后给我们这样的启示：残疾人必须要克服心理和身体上的挑战。

故事情节清晰，逻辑性强，易于理解；阅读理解总体难度适中，没有过难的文章；阅读文章体裁广泛包括：应用文、记叙文、科技说明文和议论文。

但阅读语篇的难度是由难到易，D篇最简单，这可能会对考生在考场上造成压力。

7选5很好地考查学生的语境理解和综合概括能力，以及议论文的写作方法。

写作是一篇应用文。

写信是中学生最熟悉的事，这种形式的写作贴近学生生活，使他们有话可说。

总之，2013年全国新课标I卷是一套难度适中的试卷。

第Ⅰ卷注意事项：1.答第Ⅰ卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号填写在答题卡上。

2.选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。

如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。

不能答在本试卷上，否则无效。

第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。

录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将在试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。

第一节（共5小题；每小题1. 5分，满分7. 5分）听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听完每段对话后，你都有10称钟的时间来回答有关小题如阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

例：How much is the shirt?A. ￡19. 15.B. ￡9.18.C. ￡9.15.答案是C。

1. What does the man want to do?A. Take photos.B. Buy a camera.C. Help the woman.2. What are the speakers talking about?A. A noisy nightB. Their life in townC. A place of living.3. Where is the man now?A. On his way.B. In a restaurant.C. At home4. What will Celia do?A. Find a player.B. Watch a game.C. Play basketball.5. What day is it when the conversation takes place?A. Saturday.B. Sunday.C. Monday.第二节（共15小题：每小题1. 5分，满分22. 5分）听下面5段对话或独白。

I.重点单词聚焦 1． A serious lack of water is a real ______（ 屏障，障碍 ） for people wanting to settle in thedesert.答案： barrier2．My toothache is ______ （难以忍受的 ），so I must go to see my dentist.答案： unbearable3． Although it was a ______（ 复杂的 ） problem ， he solved it in a very simple way.答案： complex4．As everybody knows ，cancer doesn 't show any ______ 症__状（ ） in its early stages.答案： symptoms5．These days ，I can ' t fall asleep because the coming final exam is putting great _____ 压_（力 ） on me.答案： pressure6．The bridge was damaged by a flood ， so a ______ （临时的 ） one was built in its place.答案： temporary7． The heart is one of the most important _____ （ 器官 ） in our bodies.答案： organs8． When the doctor applied the _____ （ 绷带） to my eyes I couldn't see anything. 答案： bandage9． Last week ， Mr Black attended his son 答案： ceremonyan _______ （救护车 ）．答案： ambulance n .重点短语扫描1． first2． electric3． over and over4． a of Unit 5 First aids graduation __ 典__礼__） ．（10． The old man that suffered a heartattack was immediately taken to hospital by急救 触电；电休克 反复；多次 若干；许多5．carry6．...from/against 7．fall8．squeezeaid shock again number out protect 进行，开展保护……以免受侵害生病榨出；挤出illout9．place 在适当的位置；适当10．one' s hands on 找到11．belong 属于12．make a 有影响，产生差别inputtodifference川.课文原句突破1．除非衣服粘贴在烧伤面上，否则都要把衣服脱掉。

2025年高考一轮复习知识清单专题11定语从句八大用法归纳（讲案）（快问快答+思维导图+精讲精练+真题分类+作文升格+原创语填）目录一、定语从句快问快答P2二、定语从句五年高考真题考点细目表P2 考点清单一、关系代词that和which典型用法归纳P3 考点清单二、关系代词whose, who, w hom典型用法归纳P4 考点清单三、关系副词where典型用法归纳P5 考点清单四、关系副词when典型用法归纳P6 考点清单五、关系副词wh y 典型用法归纳P6 考点清单六、如何区分先行词作状语还是宾语P6 考点清单七、关系代词as典型用法归纳P7 考点清单八、定语从句“介词+关系代词”用法归纳P8 考点清单九、定语从句中的主谓一致用法归纳P8 考点清单十、分割型定语从句及强调句型、名词性从句变式考查P9 分层训练（一）五年定语从句高考真题题组P9 分层训练（二）定语从句易混对比十组P11 分层训练（三）定语从句助力应用文写作升格P12 分层训练（四）定语从句助力读后续写升格P13 分层训练（五）外刊原创最新语法填空P13 神十七神十八两个乘组会师中国空间站P13一、定语从句快问快答Q1：什么叫定语从句？A1：顾名思义，定语从句就是一个从句在句中修饰一个名词或从句，起修饰、解释或限制作用。

Q2：什么是定语从句两要素？A2：一是被定语从句修饰的名词或代词，叫先行词，二是引导定语从句的词，叫关系代词或关系副词。

Q3：定语从句分哪两大类型？A3：根据功能，分限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句，后者前边往往有逗号隔开。

Q4：什么叫分割型定语从句？A4：一般来说，先行词后紧跟定语从句，有时二者被谓语或介词短语分隔开，构成分割型定语从句。

如：I was the only person (in my office) who was invited to the opening ceremony.Q5：定语从句关系代词有哪些？A5：定语从句关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as。

简单句的五种基本结构正确的英语句子都要符合一定的语法结构要求。

英语句子的结构可以归纳成五种基本句型。

英语句子都可以看作是这五种句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装构成的。

掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础，也是学好其他语法知识的前提。

英语五种基本句型结构如下：用符号表示为：①ＳＶ（主＋谓）②ＳＶＯ（主＋谓＋宾）③ＳＶｏＯ（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）④ＳＶＯＣ（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）⑤ＳＶＰ（主＋系＋表）主语（subject）谓语（predicate）宾语（object）定语（attribute）状语 (adverbial) 补语（complement）表语（predicative）考点1. 基本句型一：ＳＶ（主＋谓）这类句子的谓语动词都是不及物动词，都不带宾语，但可以带状语。

如:It is raining now. (ＳＶ)We’ve worked for 5 hours. (ＳＶ) The meeting lasted half an hour. (ＳＶ)Time flies. (ＳＶ)练习1. 分析下列句子成分，并在后面括号内标明属于五种基本句型中的哪一种。

1.Dark clo uds hung overhead.( )2.Gradually a smile appeared on herface. ( )3.He is smiling all over his face.( )4.I did well in English. ( )5.He talked loudly in the classroomyesterday. ( )考点2. 基本句型三：ＳＶＯ（主＋谓＋宾）此结构是由“主语+及物动词（词组）+宾语”构成。

She likes English.We planted a lot of trees on the farm yesterday.练习2. 分析下列句子成分，并在后面括号内标明属于五种基本句型中的哪一种。

第一章英语句子结构和成分分析英语属于结构性语言。

英语的句子成分要按照特定的顺序（句子结构）来组织。

特定的句子成分要用特定的词性或语法结构来充当，特定的词性或语法结构只能充当特定的成分。

因此，要学好英语，一定要掌握好词性、句子成分和句子结构等内容。

学好这些内容是学习好其他语法知识的基础。

第1讲相关概念考点1. 词性的英文缩写在英语学习中，掌握单词词性非常重要。

如果我们在记单词的时只记拼写、读音而不记词性的话，我们就不知道如何使用它们，所以我们在记单词时一定要把单词词性记准记牢。

缩写字母原词代表词性n. noun 名词v. verb 动词vt.transitive verb 及物动词vi.intransitive verb 不及物动词modal v. modal verb 情态动词aux. v. auxiliary verb 助动词adj.adjective 形容词adv.adverb 副词num. numeral 数词interj. interjection感叹词pron. pronoun 代词prep.preposition 介词art. article 冠词conj conjunction 连词口诀：n.为名，v.为动；adv.副adj.形；prep.借，pron.代；num.数a rt.冠，conj.连interj.感叹考点2. 及物动词和不及物动词实义动词后面跟宾语时，这个动词是及物动词。

实义动词后面不跟宾语时，此时这个动词是不及物动词。

The door opened.(open后面没跟宾语，此时，open是不及物动词。

) He opened the door.(open后面有宾语the door, 此时，open是及物动词。

)注意：英语中一个动词是及物动词还是不及物动词，关键是看它用在句中时后面是否跟宾语。

A.有些动词既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词，词义相同。

如：The meeting began at six. < vi.>We began the meeting at six. < vt.>B.有些动词既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词，但词义不同。

高考一轮复习知识清单专题20 冠词数词十大类十一个要点（讲案）原卷版（快问快答+思维导图+精讲精练+真题分类+原创语填）目录一、冠词用法快问快答P1二、冠词用法思维导图P2三、冠词五年高考考点细目表P2考点清单一、使用不定冠词a(n)的十大场合P2考点清单二、使用定冠词the的十四个场合P3考点清单三、零冠词的十大场合P4四、冠词分类训练P6分类训练（一）单句填空（高考真题）P6分类训练（二）单句改错（高考真题）P6分类训练（三）语篇填空（冠词专练）P7五、数词考点思维导图P8六、数词考点考点清单P9考点清单四、基数词的基本用法P9考点清单五、序数词的基本用法P10考点清单六、数词命题热点归纳P11七、数词考点分类训练P13分类训练一：单句填空/改错（高考真题）P13分类训练二：单句填空（最新模拟）P13分类训练三：语法填空（外刊原创）P13中国新型大型水陆两栖飞机进入批量生产P13一、冠词、数词用法快问快答Q1：冠词用法有哪些注意事项？A1：冠词是英语特有的词性，汉语里没有。

因此，首先需要了解冠词使用场合和特点。

其次是掌握不定冠词a 和an的区别，使用定冠词the的场合以及零冠词的场合，最后是牢记一些含冠词的固定搭配。

Q2：使用数词需要注意什么？A2：首先需要注意基数词和序数词的区别，其次基数词变序数词的规则，最后是学会使用基数词和序数词。

Q3：如何才能学好冠词和数词？A3：一要掌握冠词和数词的知识网络，二要了解冠词和数词的用法，三要学以致用，查漏补缺。

Q4：学好冠词和数词有什么意义？A4：一能提高使用语言的准确性，二能在写作中尝试使用高级词汇进一步提升句子表达力。

二、冠词用法思维导图三、冠词用法考点清单考点清单一、使用不定冠词a(n)的十大场合限时训练一：结合语境用适当的冠词填空。

1. —Could you tell me the way to _______Johnsons please?—Sorry, we don't have ______ Johnson here in the village.2.Of all the subjects, I like history best because it gives us _______useful knowledge of things in the past.3.There are _______ number of books in the library and _______ number of them is increasing.4.What ________ pity that you couldn't be there to receive ________ prize!5. The Wilsons live in ______ A-shaped house near the coast. It is ______ 17th century cottage.6.—How about _______ Christmas evening party?—I should say it was _______ success.7.______ apple fell from the tree and hit him on ______ head.8.First impressions are the most lasting. After all, you never get ______second chance to make _______first impression.9.The heavy rain lasted 3 hours on end and came to ______ end when the class was over.10. Being able to afford ________ drink would be ________ comfort in those tough times.考点清单二、使用定冠词the的十四个场合要点精讲1：要点精讲2：常考含定冠词the的固定搭配限时训练：结合语境用适当的冠词填空。

Unit 1Women of achievementⅠ.重点单词聚焦1．No matter which country you travel to，you should________(遵守) the law of the land. 答案：observe2．Having a large family to________(支撑，养活)，he took up two part-time jobs in his spare time.答案：support3．He is such a great man that all of us show our________(尊敬) for him.答案：respect4．The little boy’s bad________(行为，举止) at the party made his parents upset.答案：behaviour5．Her research shows the________(关系) between human beings and chimps.答案：connections6．Paul Robertson’s________(成就) as both an actor and a concert performer gained his international recognition in the early 1940’s.答案：achievements7．Everything taken into________(考虑)，he has done a good job this time.答案：consideration8．If you want to help the poor，you can join the________(组织)，which usually has some such activities.答案：organization9．________(激励) by the teacher’s words，he is determined to study harder than before.答案：Inspired10．He thinks it ________(值得的) to devote all his life to teaching since he has won great respect from his students.答案：worthwhileⅡ.重点短语扫描1．have sth.in with sb.与某人有共同之处2．one’s life to sth.为……奉献某人的生命3．move 离开；启程4．be to do/doing sth.值得做某事5．lead a happy 过着幸福的生活6．crowd 涌上心头7．give 放弃8．carry 继续；坚持commondevoteoffworthwhilelifeinupon9．by 偶然10．across偶遇；碰见11．refer 查阅；提及12．be intended 打算……13．can not wait do sth.迫不及待地做某事14．look down 蔑视；瞧不起chancecometofortouponⅢ.课文原句突破1．她母亲头几个月来帮她的忙，这才使她得以开始自己的计划。

M1 U3 高考真题赏析(知识点讲解单选类)1. Being able to afford _________drink would be_________ comfort in those tough times.(2012年山东高考)A. the; theB. a; aC. a; 不填D. 不填; a2. I’ve _________ the habit of calling in on my grandparents on my way home from school..(2012年江西高考)A. come intoB. gone intoC. got intoD. run into3. If you _________ faults but you still want the bicycle, ask the shop assistant to reduce the price.(2011安徽高考真题)A. come acrossB. care aboutC. look forD. focus upon4. She _________ an old friend of hers yesterday while she was shopping at the department store.(2011天津高考真题)A. turned downB. dealt withC. took afterD. came across5. You can't predict everything. Often things don't _________ as you expect.(2011年江西高考真题)A. run outB. break outC. work outD. put out6. Alexander tried to get his work _________ in the medical circles.(2010年辽宁高考)A. to recognizeB. recognizingC. recognizeD. recognized7. Tom _________ friendship and experience from the local residents, working with them for 3years.(2010届全国联考2)A. earnedB. wonC. gainedD. made8. Listen! Do you hear someone _________ for help?(2010年湖南高考)A. callingB. callC. to callD. called9. With the government’s aid, those _________ by the earthquake have moved to the new settlements.(2009年上海高考)A. affectB. affectingC. affectedD. were affected10. The present situation is very complex, so I think it will take me some time to _________ its reality.(2008年湖北高考)A. make upB. figure outC. look throughD. put off11. Little Johnny felt the bag, curious to know what it _________.(2008年全国Ⅱ考)A. collectedB. containedC. loadedD. saved12. To learn English well, we should find opportunities to hear English _________ as much as we can. (2008年江苏高考)A. speakB. speakingC. spokenD. to speak13. —When did you last hear _________ Jay?—He phoned me this morning, and we agreed a time and place to meet.(2008年湖南高考)A. of; toB. about; withC. from; withD. from; on14. My neighbor asked me to go for _________ walk, but I don’t think I’ve got _________ energy.(2008年辽宁高考)A. a; 不填B. the; theC. 不填；theD. a; the15. Surely it doesn't matter where the Student Association get their money from; what _________ is what they do with it.(2007年湖北高考)A. countsB. appliesC. stressesD. functions16. Many people have come to realize that they should go on _________ balanced diet and make _________ room in their day for exercise.(2007年江西高考)A. a;/B. the; aC. the; theD. /;a17. Life is tough in the city. In order to lose their _________, some people drink alcohol.(2003年上海高考)A. temperB. moodC. consciousnessD. pressures18. It was a pity that the great writer died _________ his works unfinished. (2004年福建高考)A. forB. withC. fromD. of1. 答案: B 讲解: drink在这里作名词，意为“饮料”，是可数名词，comfort在这里指“给予安慰的东西”，也是可数名词，本句意为“在那段艰苦岁月里，能买得起饮料喝是一件让人安慰的事情。