2018年高考英语语法复习精讲三(动词时态和语态)
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2018高考英语动词时态和语态精讲精练在高考英语中,动词的时态和语态是重中之重,试题在考查固定句式中的时态和语态的同时,注重在上下文语境中考查时态和语态。
要了解几种时态的一些常规规则,答题时要研读题干,搜索出尽可能多的“时间参照信息”,尤其要注意一般现在时表示动作的经常性或真理;表示现状、性质、状态时多用系动词或状态动词;在条件、时间、让步状语从句中用一般现在时或现在完成时表示将来;表示预计或规定;方位副词或介词短语放在句首,主语是名词,且全部倒装时,用一般现在时表示正在发生的动作;还可使用于文学作品和文学评论中。
练一练:用所给词的适当形式填空:①I'll go there after I ________(finish) my work.②The water will be further polluted unless some measures ________(take).③My train ________(leave) at 6:30.④A snow ________(expect) to come next week.⑤Here ________(come) the bus.⑥This kind of cloth ________(wash) well.⑦Don't take it away. It ________(belong) to me.⑧He said water________(boil) at 100 ℃.考点2一般过去时和现在完成时一般过去时(标志词:yesterday,just now,last year,the other day等)表示动作发生在过去,和现在毫无关系。
现在完成时(标志词:since,in the past/last years,just,recent(ly),lately,so far=up to now=up until now=by now,already,yet,several/many/...times)则强调的是对现在的影响和结果,动作到现在刚完成或还在继续。
动词时态语态复习(1)动词的时态和语态【高考考纲解读】时态与语态一直是热点,也是广大考生复习备考的难点。
考纲要求考生应该具备较强的语言应用能力,能在具体语境中恰当、准确地使用某一特定时态;熟练掌握常见的8种时态,同时还要熟练运用特殊时态句式和用法以及不用被动式但表示被动的动词和短语。
高考对时态的考查非常灵活且难度较大,不易把握。
大部分时态题答案的选择取决于题干语境;但也有部分时态试题较易把握,其用法相对固定,常见于特定句式结构中;还有部分常见时态用法特殊。
时态的考查主要集中在完成时,进行时等主干时态的掌握上。
要求学生熟练掌握几种主干时态的基本概念,解题时充分挖掘时间副词,短语,时间状语从句提供的信息。
在复习时态时应注意如下几点:⑴吃透语境,摸清作者的意图。
⑵准确判断动作和时间的关系。
(即动作是在什么时间发生的)⑶正确理解时间概念。
(大的时间:现在、过去、将来;小的时间:时间段,时间点,时间瞬间)⑷找准相关时态时间之间的交叉点。
例如:一般现在时,现在进行时(现在时间的交叉点)。
高考对被动语态的考查热点主要是及物动词在被动语态中的使用。
被动语态与主动语态一样,也有多种时态。
被动语态的完成时态和进行时态中,考生往往漏掉been或being。
因此被动语态的各种常用时态的构成,仍是高考命题的热点之一。
【重点知识整合】动词的时态一、一般过去时和现在完成时的用法区别1.一般过去时所表示的一个或一段过去时间是可以具体确定的,与其他时间没有牵连。
它所表示的事情纯属过去与现在情况没有联系。
现在完成时表示的事情发生在不能具体指出的现在以前的过去的某个或某段时间。
它所表示的事情与现在情况有关系,是过去事情在现在产生的结果或对现在的影响。
2.一般过去时常用的状语有yesterday, last night, two days (months, weeks) ago, at that time 等;现在完成时常用的状语有already, just (刚刚), yet, never, before 等;表示从过去延续到现在并包括现在在内的一段时间状语有:today, now, lately, recently, in the last / past few days / years (在过去的这几天/年里)。
专题六动词的时态与语态考点一一般现在时①If you arrive,please give me a phone call.如果你到了,请给我打电话。
②I learned that the earth goes around the sun when I was in primary school.我上小学时就知道了地球围绕太阳转。
③Here comes the bus.公共汽车来了。
考点总结1.主要用来表示人、事物的现在状况和特点;表示经常或习惯性的动作,句子中常有often,always,from time to time等时间状语。
2.表示客观规律、事实和永恒真理。
3.在时间和条件状语从句中,代替一般将来时;常用的引导词有时间:when,until,after,before,as soon as,once,the moment/the minute,the day等;条件:if,unless,provided,so/as long as等。
4.用于here,there开头的倒装句中,一般现在时表示现在正在发生的动作或存在的状态。
考点二一般过去时①[2016·四川]Then,after two and a half years,the mother drove the young panda away.然后,两年半之后这位母亲赶走了熊猫宝宝。
②[2015·江苏]The real reason why prices were,and still are,too high is complex,and no short discussion can satisfactorily explain this problem.物价过去是,现在仍然是那么高的真正原因是复杂的,短时间的讨论不可能对此问题作出令人满意的解释。
③I always got up late,and never had enough time for breakfast.我总是起床很晚,从来没有足够的时间吃早饭。
动词的时态和语态各种时态构成表:(以do 为例)一般时态进行时态完成时态完成进行时态现在do/does is/am/are doing has/have done has/have been doing过去did was /were doing had done had been doing将来shall/will do shall/will be doing shall/will have done shall/will have been doing过去将来would do would be doing would have done would have been doing一、一般现在时:动词原形或第三人称单数1.构成:使用动词原形,第三人称单数须有变化。
(1)直接加“s”:work→works,take→takes(2)以辅音加“y”结尾,变“y”为“i”,再加“es”:carry→carries(3)以“o, s, x, ch, sh”结尾的动词加“es”:go→goes,dress→dresses,watch→watches,finish→fin ishes2.功能:(1)表现在的事实、状态或动作。
例如:①I have a dream.②She loves music.③Mary's parents get up very early.(2)表习惯性动作或职业,常与often,sometimes,usually,always,every week,occasionally,frequently,seldom 等时间副词连用。
例如:①I always take a walk after supper.②She writes to me very often.③She is an English teacher.(3)表客观真理,格言警句或事实。
例如:①The earth moves around the sun.②The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.③Two and two makes four.④No man but errs.(4)表示将来发生的动作:A.在由when,after, before,as,as soon as,although,because,if,even if,in case,till,until,unless,as long as,where,whatever,wherever 等引导的状语从句中用一般现在时表将来发生的动作。
2018高考英语动词时态和语态精讲精练在高考英语中,动词的时态和语态是重中之重,试题在考查固定句式中的时态和语态的同时,注重在上下文语境中考查时态和语态。
要了解几种时态的一些常规规则,答题时要研读题干,搜索出尽可能多的“时间参照信息”,尤其要注意时态的呼应情况。
时态主动语态形式被动语态形式一般现在时am/is/are/do/does am/is/are done一般过去时was/were/did was/were done现在完成时has/have done has/have been done现在完成进行时has/have been doing/现在进行时am/is/are doing am/is/are being done过去进行时was/were doing was/were being done过去完成时had done had been done将来完成时will/shall have done will/shall have been done一般将来时will/shall doam/is/are going to doam/is/are coming/leavingam/is/are to doam/is/are about to dowill/shall be doneam/is/are to be done过去将来时would dowas going to dowas coming/leavingwas to dowas about to dowould be donewas/were to be done将来进行时will/shall be doing/考点1一般现在时一般现在时表示动作的经常性或真理;表示现状、性质、状态时多用系动词或状态动词;在条件、时间、让步状语从句中用一般现在时或现在完成时表示将来;表示预计或规定;方位副词或介词短语放在句首,主语是名词,且全部倒装时,用一般现在时表示正在发生的动作;还可使用于文学作品和文学评论中。
练一练:用所给词的适当形式填空:①I'll go there after I________(finish)my work.②The water will be further polluted unless some measures________(take).③My train________(leave)at6:30.④A snow________(expect)to come next week.⑤Here________(come)the bus.⑥This kind of cloth________(wash)well.⑦Don't take it away.It________(belong)to me.⑧He said water________(boil)at100℃.考点2一般过去时和现在完成时一般过去时(标志词:yesterday,just now,last year,the other day等)表示动作发生在过去,和现在毫无关系。
现在完成时(标志词:since,in the past/last years,just,recent(ly),lately,so far=up to now=up until now=by now,already,yet,several/many/...times)则强调的是对现在的影响和结果,动作到现在刚完成或还在继续。
请区别下列几组句子:①He has lived in London for three years.(现在还住在伦敦)He lived in London for three years.(现在不在伦敦了)②It's/has been two years since he smoked.(他不抽烟已两年了)It's/has been two years since he began to smoke.(他抽烟已有两年了)③This is the first/second/...time(that)I have_visited the school.This was the first/second/...time I had_visited the school.④He was writing a book last year.(去年他在写一本书)He wrote a book last year.(去年他写了一本书)⑤I thought he was an American.(我原以为他是美国人)I think he is an American.(我想他是美国人)练一练:用所给词的适当形式填空:①—I haven't seen you for ages.Haven't you graduated from college?—Yes.I________(study)English for four years in Nanjing University.②Where________you________(put)my book?I can't find it anywhere.③Although he has lived with us for years,he________(not leave)us much impression by now.④My brother is an actor.He________(appear)in several films in the past few years.⑤—Li Pin may not come tonight.—But he________(promise)the other day.考点3过去完成时和将来完成时过去完成时表示一件事情发生在过去,而另一件事情先于它发生(即表示“过去的过去”)。
常用的时间状语有:by then,by that time,by the end of,before2000,by the time,hardly/scarcely/rarely...when...和no sooner...than...[注]表示原打算做但未做的几种表达:①I had hoped/expected/meant/intended/...to do...,but...=I hoped/expected/...to have done...,but...=I would like/love to have done...,but...将来完成时表示到将来某一时间,某一动作将会完成,常用的时间状语为“by+将来的某个时间”。
如:They will have completed the project by the end of next year.练一练:用所给词的适当形式填空:①Helen________(leave)her keys in the office so she had to wait until her husband ________(come)home.②I________(hope)to meet Mr.Thompson this morning,but I found nobody left in the room.③By the time he________(return)home,the work had been finished.By the time he returns home,the work____________(finish).④We plan to reach the North Pole in mid-July,and by then we____________(walk) for six weeks.考点4现在进行时,过去进行时,现在完成进行时和将来进行时现在进行时表示现在正在进行的情况,计划、安排要做的事,还可以表示反复出现的动作,往往含有赞赏、厌恶、遗憾等情绪,常与always,continually,constantly 连用;过去进行时表示过去某一刻或一段时间内正在进行的动作,还可以表示过去的将来动作;现在完成进行时表示动作的未完成性和暂时性,还可以表示感情色彩;将来进行时表示将来某个时候或某段时间正在进行的动作。
练一练:用所给词的适当形式填空:①—Have you moved into the new house?—Not yet.The rooms________(paint).②My father_____(fall)while he______(ride)his bicycle and______(hurt)himself.③—Why are her eyes red?—She____________(cry).④He____________(fly)over the Atlantic at this time tomorrow.⑤You________always________(watch)TV.Why not do something more active?⑥—Did you find the missing couple in the mountain yesterday?—No,but we________(try)to get in touch with them ever since.考点5一般将来时注意区别will do,be going to do,be about to do,be doing,be to do:①will do表示事物的固有属性或必然趋势,此外,还表示临时决定;②be going to do表示计划、打算要做某事,还表示根据现在的迹象,对未来进行推断;③be about to do表示立即的将来,因此,不与表示将来的具体时间状语连用;④有些动词如come,go,arrive,leave,begin等,其一般现在时、现在进行时亦可表示按计划或安排将来要发生的动作或状态;⑤be to do表示按计划或安排要做的事,意为“应该;想,打算;注定会”,可以用在if引导的句子里。
练一练:用所给词的适当形式填空:①Ladies and gentlemen,please fasten your safety belt.The plane________(take)off.②Look at the timetable.Flight4026________(take)off at18:20.③If you____________(succeed),you should work hard.④Look at the dark clouds.It____________(rain).⑤—The light is still on.—Sorry.I________(go)and turn it off.考点6get+过去分词“get+过去分词”可以表示被动,此结构比较口语化。