XTE J1118+480 Clues on the Nature of the Accretion Flow from the Optical Variability
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小学上册英语第3单元测验卷英语试题一、综合题(本题有100小题,每小题1分,共100分.每小题不选、错误,均不给分)1.What do we call the center of the solar system?A. EarthB. MoonC. SunD. Stars2.My favorite game is ________.3.The ______ can be found in almost every habitat.4.ts are ________ (耐寒). Some pla5.My brother is interested in ____ (mathematics).6.I enjoy listening to music. My favorite genre is __________ because it makes me feel __________. I like to sing along to my favorite songs when I’m at home.7.The ______ helps make important decisions.8.The garden is _______ (充满生机的)。
9. A saturated fat is ______ at room temperature.10.The __________ (多元文化) enrich our understanding of society.11.The _____ (橡树) provides shade in summer.12.She has a ________ (unique) talent.13. A ____(collaboration agreement) formalizes partnerships.14.I need to _____ (buy/sell) groceries.15.I can ______ (听) music while studying.16. (33) Mountains separate Europe and Asia. The ____17.The bird is singing in the _____.18.The ______ grows in forests.19.My favorite subject is ________ (数学).20.What is the name of the famous scientist who discovered penicillin?A. Marie CurieB. Alexander FlemingC. Louis PasteurD. Edward JennerB21.Which of these foods is a grain?A. PotatoB. RiceC. CarrotD. Tomato22.What do you call a baby kangaroo?A. JoeyB. CalfC. KittenD. PupA23.I see a _______ (hedgehog) in the garden.24. A _______ is a material that resists electrical current.25.What do you call the sweet food made from chocolate and peanuts?A. SnickersB. Reese'sC. M&MsD. Peanut Butter CupsB26.My brother has a teddy _______ (我哥哥有一个泰迪_______).27.The __________ is a body of water that is part of the ocean.28. A chemical that can act as an acid or base is called ______.29.The ________ was a famous explorer known for his voyages.30. A frog's skin is very ______ (湿润).31.My dog is very _____ (friendly/scary).32.My brother plays in a ____ (band) with his friends.33. A chemical change involves the rearrangement of ______.34.The kids are _____ (laughing/crying) at the park.35.The __________ is a major city located along the coast. (旧金山)36.My friend is a ______. He enjoys discussing philosophy.37.The __________ was a key moment in the history of democracy. (独立宣言)38.What is the capital of Belgium?A. BrusselsB. AntwerpC. GhentD. Bruges39.I have a pet ________ (兔子) that is very cute.40.What is the main source of light during the day?A. StarsB. SunC. MoonD. Lamp41.The mouse is afraid of the ______.42.I made a ________ out of paper for the school project.43.The chemical symbol for cesium is _______.44.The kitten plays with a _________. (球)45.What color are the stars in the American flag?A. RedB. BlueC. WhiteD. YellowC46.What do you call a person who plays a musical instrument?A. MusicianB. SingerC. ActorD. DancerA47.I want to ___ (visit/see) my friend.48.What is the name of the largest moon of Jupiter?A. TitanB. EuropaC. GanymedeD. Callisto49.The main component of proteins is ______.50.The __________ (历史的构成) is made up of many elements.51.The ____ is a fast runner found in the wild.52.The _____ (气候) greatly influences plant life.53.Water is made up of two hydrogen atoms and one ________ atom.54.What is the name of the famous theme park in California?A. Universal StudiosB. DisneylandC. SeaWorldD. Busch GardensB55.The color change in litmus paper indicates whether a solution is an acid or a _____.56. A solution with a higher concentration of solute is called _____ (concentrated).57._______ are important for producing oxygen.58.There are many ________ (树木) in the forest.59.The _____ (cactus) grows in the desert.60.What is the main language spoken in the USA?A. FrenchB. EnglishC. SpanishD. GermanB61.What is the main language spoken in Brazil?A. SpanishB. PortugueseC. EnglishD. FrenchB62.I can _____ (see/hear) the birds singing.63.The _____ (lake/ocean) is blue.64.The ______ (蓝色) flower is rare.65.What is the primary language spoken in the USA?A. SpanishB. FrenchC. EnglishD. GermanC66.The __________ (历史的记忆保留) ensures continuity.67.I like to plant ________ in the spring.68.His favorite game is ________.69. A colloid is a mixture where tiny particles are ______ suspended.pounds can be classified as either ionic or _____ based on the type of bonding.71.My hamster loves to run around in its ______ (笼子).72.The _____ is a planet known for its red color.73.How many zeros are in one million?A. FiveB. SixC. SevenD. Eight74.What is the name of the first artificial satellite launched into space?A. VoyagerB. SputnikC. ApolloD. Challenger75.The child is ___ a song. (singing)76.The wolf howls at the _________ (月亮).77.What is the process of water turning into vapor?A. EvaporationB. CondensationC. PrecipitationD. FiltrationA78.What do we call the soft part of a flower that produces seeds?A. PetalB. StemC. LeafD. Pistil79.What is the main function of leaves on a plant?A. To absorb waterB. To make foodC. To store energyD. To support the stemB80. A _____ (蟹) walks sideways on the beach.81.s built _______ in what is now Mexico City. (城市) The Azte82.The butterfly is _______ and colorful.83.The city of New Delhi is the capital of _______.84.My teacher is very __________ (和蔼可亲).85.I need to ________ my room.86.Which animal is known for its intelligence and ability to mimic sounds?A. ParrotB. DogC. CatD. Dolphin87. A planet's orbit around a star is influenced by the star's ______.88.My favorite ________ (玩具车) is red and can go very fast.89.The antelope runs from its ____.90.She is studying for her ___. (test)91.What is the first animal to go into space?A. MonkeyB. DogC. CatD. Mouse92.The __________ Pole is covered with ice all year round. (北极)93.My aunt has a beautiful ________ (玫瑰花园) that attracts many ________ (蜜蜂).94.What is the largest land animal?A. HippopotamusB. GiraffeC. ElephantD. RhinoC95.The __________ tells us it will be sunny this weekend. (天气预报)96.I can make a __________ (名词) with my __________ (玩具名).97.The _____ (金鱼) swims in its bowl.98.She is drawing a ________ picture.99.The ________ was a significant treaty that ended a major conflict. 100.I enjoy _____ (购物).。
小学上册英语第二单元期中试卷英语试题一、综合题(本题有50小题,每小题1分,共100分.每小题不选、错误,均不给分)1 A __________ is a mixture that can be separated by filtration.2 What color is a stop sign?A. YellowB. GreenC. RedD. Blue答案: C3 The sea turtle lays its eggs on the ________________ (沙滩).4 A whale is a ______ that lives in the ocean.5 I keep a journal to write about my ________ (梦想) and aspirations for the future.6 What is the opposite of 'happy'?A. JoyfulB. SadC. ExcitedD. Angry答案:B7 What do you call a group of wolves?A. PackC. ColonyD. Swarm8 My sister enjoys __________ (野营).9 A cat's purring is often a sign of ________________ (放松).10 A ____ is often found resting on leaves during the day.11 What is 8 3?A. 4B. 5C. 6D. 7答案: B12 My dad drives a _____ (car/bike).13 _____ (饲料) is made from certain types of plants.14 The chemical formula for nitric acid is ______.15 The __________ of a fish can help it steer while swimming.16 What do you call a story that is passed down through generations?A. FolktaleB. LegendC. MythD. Fable答案:A17 What is the name of the famous wizarding school in Harry Potter?A. HogwartsB. NarniaD. Middle-Earth答案:A18 What is the opposite of empty?A. FullB. VacantC. UnoccupiedD. None of the above答案:A19 The ______ (蝴蝶) flew over the flowers. It was very ______ (美丽).20 The garden is full of ________ (植物).21 We have a _____ (test/exam) on Friday.22 What shape has three sides?A. SquareB. TriangleC. CircleD. Rectangle23 My friend is _______ (在弹吉他).24 Fermentation produces alcohol and ______.25 I enjoy ______ (参加) school clubs.26 My friend is a skilled __________ (艺术家) with a unique style.27 What is the largest bird in the world?A. EagleB. PenguinC. Ostrich答案:C28 What do you call a group of bees?A. SwarmB. PackC. FlockD. Colony答案: A29 A _____ (植物园) showcases various species.30 She is a historian, ______ (她是一名历史学家), preserving important stories.31 The Crab Nebula is a famous ______ remnant.32 The process of heating something to kill bacteria is called ______.33 I like to ___ (listen) to podcasts.34 What do we call a written work that tells a story?A. PoemB. NovelC. EssayD. Article35 Fire of London led to new ________ (建筑规范). The Grea36 In a chemical reaction, the total mass of the reactants equals the total mass of the _____.37 A telescope helps us see ______ in the sky.38 The capital of Togo is __________.39 The Amazon River Basin is home to many _______ species.40 What is the capital of Mexico?B. GuadalajaraC. TijuanaD. Mexico City答案: D41 My parents encourage me to be ______ (诚实) and kind to others. It's important to treat people with ______ (尊重).42 Which sport is played on ice?A. SoccerB. BasketballC. HockeyD. Tennis43 I enjoy playing ________ (桌游) on rainy days.44 I can ______ (make) a sandwich by myself.45 What is the term for a young male goat?A. KidB. BuckC. BillyD. Ram46 The stars are ___ (shining/dimming).47 The ______ (植物分类法) organizes different species.48 What is 2 + 3?A. 4B. 5C. 6D. 749 My dad encourages healthy __________ (生活方式).50 Caterpillars eat a lot before becoming ______.51 The _______ (Age of Exploration) led to the discovery of new lands and trade routes.52 My favorite way to relax is ______.53 Chemical reactions can be classified as ________ or endothermic.54 The first successful vaccine was developed by __________ (爱德华·詹纳).55 The capital of the Philippines is _____.56 What do we call the study of birds?A. OrnithologyB. ZoologyC. BotanyD. Ecology答案: A57 The ancient Greeks believed in many _______.58 The peacock has beautiful _______ (羽毛).59 Cleopatra was the last active ruler of the __________. (埃及)60 What is the name of the famous bear created by A.A. Milne?A. PaddingtonB. Winnie-the-PoohC. Yogi BearD. Baloo答案:B61 The __________ (历史的交互) enhances engagement.62 The __________ (历史的图谱) illustrates progression.63 Which of these animals can live both in water and on land?A. FishB. FrogC. EagleD. Dog答案:B64 My aunt loves to cook ____ (southern cuisine).65 The _______ (Mayan calendar) predicted significant events in their culture.66 Which planet is known as the "Red Planet"?A. EarthB. MarsC. JupiterD. Saturn67 How many months are there in a year?a. 10b. 11c. 12d. 13答案:c68 What do we call the area of land where crops are grown?A. FarmB. GardenC. OrchardD. Ranch69 The wallaby is smaller than a ______ (袋鼠).70 The bat is a flying ______ (哺乳动物).71 The main source of energy for chemical reactions in living things is ______.72 We are going to ___ a party. (have)73 What do you call a story that is not true?a. Factb. Fictionc. Historyd. Biography答案:b74 My favorite activity is ______ (打篮球).75 My sister is having a birthday ____ (party) next week.76 What color are most bananas?A. GreenB. YellowC. RedD. Brown答案: B77 I want to ___ a story. (tell)78 It is _____ (raining) outside.79 What do we call the act of using your hands to create something?A. CraftingB. BuildingC. MakingD. All of the above80 Constellations can change depending on the ______.81 The bee gathers nectar from _______.82 The chemical formula for benzene is ______.83 What do you call the book that tells you about words?A. DictionaryB. EncyclopediaC. StorybookD. Novel答案: A84 In conclusion, my favorite season is ______ because it brings joy and happiness. I look forward to it every year!85 What is the primary language spoken in the USA?A. SpanishB. FrenchC. EnglishD. Chinese答案: C86 The capital of Thailand is __________.87 I read a ___ (book) before bed.88 What is the main ingredient in a salad?A. FruitB. LettuceC. MeatD. Bread答案:B89 What do you call the light that comes from the sun?A. MoonlightB. StarlightC. SunlightD. Firelight90 A gas that can be dissolved in water is called a ______ gas.91 The _____ (沙滩) is sandy.92 A homogeneous mixture is also known as a _______.93 The chemical symbol for yttrium is _____.94 What is the term for animals that can live both in water and on land?A. MammalsB. ReptilesC. AmphibiansD. Fish答案:C95 We created an obstacle course with ________ (玩具车) in the backyard. It was a fun ________ (挑战).96 What do we call the sweet substance made by bees?A. SyrupB. SugarC. HoneyD. Jam答案:C97 The _____ (flower/tree) is blooming.98 I share secrets with my __________. (朋友)99 What do we call a baby duck?A. ChickB. DucklingC. GoslingD. Calf答案: B100 My mom loves to __________ (和家人聚会).。
2023年高考英语外刊时文精读精练 (1)Biodiversityconservation conversation生物多样性保护对话主题语境:人与自然 主题语境内容:人与环境,人与动植物【外刊原文】(斜体单词为超纲词汇,认识即可;下划线单词为课标词汇,需熟记。
)the tone for COP15,the largest UN biodiversity gathering in a decade. The conference, taking place in two parts, is being hosted by China for thebe postponed(推迟). The host city is the capital of Yunnan, a south-western province that is a showcase(展示) of the biodiversity that China needscooperation on limiting emissions (排放).The theme for Kunming is(生态文明)”.The term was written into China’s constitution (宪法) in 2018, suggesting how central it now is in guiding development.The Kunming declaration is filled with other favourite greening concepts of Beijing,including the“two-mountains theory”. This states that “green mountains are gold mountains”:wildlife and habitats.More than one in five surviving speciesmangroves (红树林)disappeared.Some 90%of grasslands are at varying stages of degradation(退化) or desertification(荒漠化), and almost half ofYet, despite the damage of urbanization(城市化), China has much left to protect. It is home to 10% of the world’s plant species, 14% of animal onesand 20%of fish.At the second meeting, representatives will set goals for 2030 to preserve global plant and animal life. In October China's Presidentformal opening of five national parks, covering 230,000 sq km, home to over a quarter of China’s terrestrial(陆生的)wildlife species.country to carbon neutrality(碳中和) by 2060.Then in September hefor now, China remains the largest consumer of coal and emitter of carbon dioxide.Greenpeace called the Kunming declaration “a toothless tiger”.Keeping citizens happy is becoming a powerful incentive(动机) for China.They are complaining about more than polluted waterfocus on the costs of destroying habitats and trading wildlife.In【课标词汇】1.approval 赞成;同意;称许•He showed his approval by smiling broadly.他持赞成的态度,这从他开心的微笑就看得出来。
2018年6月英语四级试卷及解答第一套Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the importance of reading ability and how to develop it. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.1. A) The return of a bottled message to its owner’s daughter.B) A New Hampshire man’s joke with friends on his wife.C) A father’s message for his daughter.D) The history of a century-old motel.2. A) She wanted to show gratitude for his kindness.B) She wanted to honor her father’s promise.C) She had been asked by her father to do so.D) She was excited to see her father’s handwriting.Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.3. A) People were concerned about the number of bees.B) Several cases of Zika disease had been identified.C) Two million bees were infected with disease.D) Zika virus had destroyed some bee farms.4. A) It apologized to its customers. C) It lost a huge stock of bees.B) It was forced to kill its bees. D) It lost 2.5 million dollars.Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.5. A) It stayed in the air for about two hours.B) It took off and landed on a football field.C) It proved to be of high commercial value.D) It made a series of sharp turns in the sky.6. A) Engineering problems.B) The air pollution it produced.C) Inadequate funding.D) The opposition from the military.7. A) It uses the latest aviation technology.B) It flies faster than a commercial jet.C) It is a safer means of transportation.D) It is more environmentally friendly.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.8. A) It seems a depressing topic. C) It has little impact on our daily life.B) It sounds quite alarming. D) It is getting more serious these days.9. A) The man doesn’t understan d Spanish. C) They don’t want something too noisy.B) The woman doesn’t really like dancing.D) They can’t make it to the theatre in time.10. A) It would be more fun without Mr. Whitehead hosting.B) It has too many acts to hold the audience’s attention.C) It is the most amusing show he has ever watched.D) It is a show inappropriate for a night of charity.11. A) Watch a comedy. C) Book the tickets online.B) Go and see the dance. D) See a film with the man.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12. A) Most of her schoolmates are younger than she is.B) She simply has no idea what school to transfer to.C) There are too many activities for her to cope with.D) She worries she won't fit in as a transfer student.13. A) Seek advice from senior students. C) Participate in after-school activities.B) Pick up some meaningful hobbies. D) Look into what the school offers.14. A) Give her help whenever she needs it. C) Find her accommodation on campus.B) Accept her as a transfer student. D) Introduce her to her roommates.15. A) She has interests similar to Mr. Lee’s. C) She has chosen the major Catherine has.B) She has become friends with Catherine. D) She has just transferred to thecollege.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16. A) To investigate how being overweight impacts on health.B) To find out which physical drive is the most powerful.C) To discover what most mice like to eat.D) To determine what feelings mice have.17. A) When they are hungry.B) When they are thirsty.C) When they smell food.D) When they want company.18. A) They search for food in groups.B) They are overweight when food is plenty.C) They prefer to be with other mice.D) They enjoy the company of other animals.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19. A) Its construction started before World War I.B) Its construction cost more than $40 billion.C) It is efficiently used for transport.D) It is one of the best in the world.20. A) To improve transportation in the countryside.B) To move troops quickly from place to place.C) To enable people to travel at a higher speed.D) To speed up the transportation of goods.21. A) In the 1970s. C) In the 1950s.B) In the 1960s. D) In the 1940s.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22. A) Chatting while driving. C) Driving under age.B) Messaging while driving. D) Speeding on highways.23. A) A gadget to hold a phone on the steering wheel.B) A gadget to charge the phone in a car.C) A device to control the speed of a vehicle.D) A device to ensure people drive with both hands.24. A) The car keeps flashing its headlights. C) They are alerted with a light and a sound.B) The car slows down gradually to a halt. D) They get a warning on their smart phone.25. A) Installing a camera.B) Using a connected app.C) Chec their emails.D) Keeping a daily record.Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before ma your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.An office tower on Miller Street in Manchester is completely covered in solar panels. They are used to create some of the energy used by the insurance company inside. When the tower was first 26 in 1962, it was covered with thin square stones. These small square stones became a problem for the building and continued to fall off the face for 40 years until a major renovation was 27 .During this renovation the building’s owners, CIS,28 the solar panel company, Solarcentury.They agreed to cover the entire building in solar panels. In 2004, the completed CIS tower became Europe’s largest29 of vertical solar panels. A vertical solar project on such a large 30 has never been repeated since.Covering a skyscraper with solar panels had never been done before, and the CIS tower was chosen as one of the “10 best green energy projects”. For a long time after this renovation project, it was the tallest building in the United Kingdom, but it was 31overtaken by the Millbank Tower.Green buildings like this aren’t32cost-efficient for the investor, but it does produce much less pollution than that caused by energy 33throughfossil fuels. As solar panels get 34 ,the world is likely to see more skyscrapers covered in solar panels, collecting energy much like trees do. Imagine a world where building the tallest skyscraper wasn’t a race of 35 , but rather one to collect the most solar energy.Section BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by mar the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Some College Students Are Angry That They Have to Pay to Do Their HomeworkA) Digital learning systems now charge students for access codes needed to complete coursework, take quizzes, and turn in homework. As universities go digital, students are complaining of a new hit to their finances that’s replacing – and sometimes joining – expensive textbooks: pricey online access codes that are required to complete coursework and submit assignments.B) The codes –which typically range in price from $80 to $155 per course –give students online access to systems developed by education companies like McGraw Hill and Pearson. These companies, which long reaped big profits as textbook publishers, have boasted that their new online offerings, when pushed to students through universities they partner with, represent the future of the industry.C) But critics say the digital access codes represent the same profit-see ethos (观念) of the textbook business, and are even harder for students to opt out of. While they could once buy second-hand textbooks, or share copies with friends, the digital systems are essentially impossible to avoid.D) “When we talk about the access code we see it as the new face of the textbook monopoly (垄断), a new way to lock students around this system,” said Ethan Senack, the higher education advocate for the U.S. Public Interest Research Group, to BuzzFeed News. “Rather than $250 (for a print textbook) you’re paying $120,” said Senac k. “But because it’s all digital it eliminates the used book market and eliminates any sharing and because homework and tests are through an access code, it eliminates any ability to opt out.”E) Sarina Harpet, a 19-year-old student at Virginia Tech, was faced with a tough dilemma when she first started college in 2015 – pay rent or pay to turn in her chemistry homework. She told BuzzFeed News that her freshman chemistry class required her to use Connect, a system provided by McGraw Hill where students can submit homework, take exams and track their grades. But the code to access the program cost $120 –a big sum for Harper, who had already put down $450 for textbooks, and had rent day approaching.F) She decided to wait for her next work-study paycheck, which was typically $150-$200, to pay for the code. She knew that her chemistry grade may take a dive as a result. “It’s a balancing act,” she said. “Can I really afford these accesscodes now?” She didn’t hand in her first two assignments for chemistry, wh ich started her out in the class with a failing grade.G) The access codes may be another financial headache for students, but for textbook businesses, they're the future. McGraw Hill, which controls 21% of the higher education market, reported in March that its digital content sales exceeded print sales for the first time in 2015. The company said that 45% of its $140 million revenue in 2015 “was derived from digital products.”H) A Pearson spokesperson told BuzzFeed News that “digital materials are les s expensive and a good investment” that offer new features, like audio texts, personalized knowledge checks and expert videos. Its digital course materials save students up to 60% compared to traditional printed textbooks, the company added. McGraw Hill di dn’t respond to a request for comment, but its CEO David Levin told the Financial Times in August that “in higher education, the era of the printed textbook is now over.”I) The textbook industry insists the online systems represent a better deal for stud ents. “These digital products aren’t just mechanisms for students to submit homework, they offer all kinds of features,” David Anderson, the executive director of higher education with the Association of American Publishers, told BuzzFeed News. “It helps students understand in a way that you can’t do with print homework assignments.”J) David Hunt, an associate professor in sociology at Augusta University, which has rolled out digital textbooks across its math and psychology departments, told BuzzFeed News that he understands the utility of using systems that require access codes. But he doesn’t require his students to buy access to a learning program that controls the class assignments. “I try to make things as inexpensive as possible,” said Hunt, who uses free digital textbooks for his classes but designs his own curriculum. “The online systems may make my life a lot easier but I feel like I’m giving up control. The discussions are the things where my expertise can benefit the students most.”K) A 20-year-old junior at Georgia Southern University told BuzzFeed News that she normally spends $500–$600 on access codes for class. In one case, the professor didn't require students to buy a textbook, just an access code to turn in homework. This year she said sh e spent $900 on access codes to books and programs. “That's two months of rent,” she said. “You can’t sell any of it back. With a traditional textbook you can sell it for $30–$50 and that helps to pay for your new semester’s books. With an access code, you’re out of that money.”L) Benjamin Wolverton, a 19-year-old student at the University of South Carolina, told BuzzFeed News that “it’s ridiculous that after paying tens of thousands intuition we have to pay for all these access codes to do our homework.” Many of the access codes he’s purchased have been required simply to complete homework or quizzes. “Often it’s only 10% of your grade in class.” he said. “You’re paying so much money for something that hardly affects your grade –but if you didn’t have it, it would affect your grade enough. It would be bad to start out at a B or C.” Wolverton said he spent $500 on access codes for digital books and programs this semester.M) Harper, a poultry (家禽) science major, is ta chemistry again this year and had to buy a newaccess code to hand in her homework. She rented her economics and statistics textbooks for about $20 each. But her access codes for homework, which can't be rented or bought second-hand, were her most expensive purchases: $120 and $85.N) She still remembers the sting of her first experience skipping an assignment due to the high prices. “We don’t really have a missed assignment policy,” she said. “If you miss it, you just miss it. I just got zeros on a couple of first assignments. I managed to pull everything back up. But as a scared freshman loo at their grades, it’s not fun.”36. A student’s yearly expenses on access codes may amount to their rent for two months.37. The online access codes may be seen as a way to tie the students to the digital system.38. If a student takes a course again, they may have to buy a new access code to submit their assignments.39. McGraw Hill accounts for over one-fifth of the market share of college textbooks.40. Many traditional textbook publishers are now offering online digital products, which they believe will be the future of the publishing business.41. One student complained that they now had to pay for access codes in addition to the high tuition.42. Digital materials can cost students less than half the price of traditional printed books according to a publisher.43. One student decided not to buy her access code until she received the pay for her part-time job.44. Online systems may deprive teachers of opportunities to make the best use oftheir expertise for their students.45. Digital access codes are criticized because they are profit-driven just like the textbook business.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Losing your ability to think and remember is pretty scary. We know the risk of dementia (痴呆症) increases with age. But if you have memory slips, you probably needn’t worry. There are pretty clear differences between signs of dementia and age-related memory loss.After age 50, it’s quite common to have trouble remembering the names of people, places and things quickly, says Dr. Kirk Daffner of Brigham and Women’s Hospital in Boston.The brain ages just like the rest of the body. Certain parts shrink, especially areas in the brain that are important to learning, memory and planning. Changes in brain cells can affect communication between different regions of the brain. And blood flow can be reduced as blood vessels narrow.Forgetting the name of an actor in a favorite movie, for example, is nothing to worry about. But if you forget the plot of the movie or don't remember even seeing it, that's far more concerning, Daffner says.When you forget entire experience, he says, that’s “a red flag that something more serious may be involved.” Forgetting how to operate a familiar object like a microwave oven, or forgetting how to drive to the house of a friend you’ve visited many times before can also be signs of something going wrong.But even then, Daffner says, people shouldn’t panic. There are many things that can cause confusion and memory loss, including health problems like temporary stoppage of breathing during sleep, high blood pressure, or depression, as well as medications (药物) like antidepressants.You don’t have to figure this out on your own. Daffner suggests going to your doctor to check on medications, health problems and other issues that could be affecting memory. And the best defense against memory loss is to try to prevent it by building up your brain’s cognitive (认知的) reserve, Daffner says.“Read books, go to movies, take on new hobbies or activities that force one to think in novel ways,” he says. In other words, keep your brain busy and wor . And also get physically active,because exercise is a known brain booster.46. Why does the author say that one needn’t be concerned about memory slips?A) Not all of them are symptoms of dementia.B) They occur only among certain groups of people.C) Not all of them a re related to one’s age.D) They are quite common among fifty-year-olds.47. What happens as we become aged according to the passage?A) Our interaction skills deteriorate.B) Some parts of our brain stop functioning.C) Communication within our brain weakens.D) Our whole brain starts shrin .48. Which memory-related symptom should people take seriously?A) Totally forgetting how to do one’s daily routines.B) Inability to recall details of one’s life experiences.C) Failure to remember the names of movies or actors.D) Occasionally confusing the addresses of one’s friends.49. What should people do when signs of serious memory loss show up?A) Check the brain’s cognitive reserve.B) Stop medications affecting memory.C) Turn to a professional for assistance.D) Exercise to improve their well-being.50. What is Dr. Daffner’s advice for combating memory loss?A) Having regular physical and mental checkups.B) Ta medicine that helps boost one’s brain.C) Engaging in known memory repair activities.D) Staying active both physically and mentally.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.A letter written by Charles Darwin in 1875 has been returned to the Smithsonian Institution Archives (档案馆) by the FBI after being stolen twice.“We realized in the mid-1970s that it was missing,” says Effie Kapsalis, head of the Smithsonian Insitution Archives. “It was noted as missing and likely taken by an intern (实习生), from what the FBI is telling us. Word got out that it was missing when someo ne asked to see the letter for research purposes,” and the intern put the letter back. “The intern likely took the letter again once nobody was watching it.”Decades passed. Finally, the FBI received a tip that the stolen document was located very close to Washington, D.C. Their art crime team recovered the letter but were unable to press charges because the time of limitations had ended. The FBI worked closely with the Archives to determine that the letter was both authentic and definitely Smithsonian’s property.The letter was written by Darwin to thank an American geologist, Dr. Ferdinand Vandeveer Hayden, for sending him copies of his research into the geology of the region that would become Yellowstone National Park.The letter is in fairly good condition, in spite of being out of the care of trained museum staff for so long. “It was luckily in good shape,” says Kapsalis, “and we just have to do some minor things in order to be able to unfold it. It has someglue on it that has colored it slightly, but nothing that will prevent us from using it. After it is repaired, we will take digital photos of it and that will be available online. One of our goals is to get items of high research value or interest to the public online.”It would now be difficult for an intern, visitor or a thief to steal a document like this. “Archiving practices have changed greatly since the 1970s,” says Kapsalis, “and we keep our high value documents in a safe that I don’t even have access to.”51. Wh at happened to Darwin’s letter in the 1970s?A) It was recovered by the FBI.B) It was stolen more than once.C) It was put in the archives for research purposes.D) It was purchased by the Smithsonian Archives.52. What did the FBI do after the recovery of the letter?A) They proved its authenticity. C) They arrested the suspect immediately.B) They kept it in a special safe. D) They pressed criminal charges in vain.53. What is Darwin’s letter about?A) The evolution of Yellowstone National Park.B) His cooperation with an American geologist.C) Some geological evidence supporting his theory.D) His acknowledgement of help from a professional.54. What will the Smithsonian Institution Archives do with the letter according to Kapsalis?A) Reserve it for research purposes only. C) Keep it a permanent secret.B) Turn it into an object of high interest. D) Make it available online.55. What has the past half century witnessed according to Kapsalis?A) Growing interest in rare art objects. C) Recovery of various missing documents.B) Radical changes in archiving practices. D) Increases in the value of museum exhibits.Part Ⅳ Translation(30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.过去,乘飞机出行对大多数中国人来说是难以想象的。
英语学测试卷参考答案一、听力部分1. A) What is the man going to do this weekend?Answer: He is going to visit his grandparents.2. B) How does the woman feel about the weather?Answer: She feels it is too hot.3. C) What does the man suggest doing after work?Answer: He suggests going to the gym.4. D) What time does the train leave?Answer: The train leaves at 6:30 pm.5. E) Why is the woman upset?Answer: She is upset because she lost her keys.6. F) What is the relationship between the two speakers? Answer: They are colleagues.7. G) What is the man's opinion about the new restaurant? Answer: He thinks the food is delicious but expensive.8. H) What is the woman planning to do after her exam?Answer: She is planning to go on a trip.9. I) How does the man feel about his new job?Answer: He feels it is challenging but rewarding.10. J) What is the topic of the conversation?Answer: The topic is about a new movie.二、阅读部分1. A) According to the passage, what is the main reason for the decline in the bee population?Answer: The main reason is the loss of habitat and the use of pesticides.2. B) What does the author suggest as a solution to the problem mentioned in the text?Answer: The author suggests planting more flowers and reducing the use of pesticides.3. C) In the given text, what is the author's opinion about the importance of bees?Answer: The author believes that bees are crucial for the ecosystem and food production.4. D) What is the purpose of the text?Answer: The purpose of the text is to raise awareness about the importance of bees and the threats they face.5. E) What can be inferred from the last paragraph of the passage?Answer: It can be inferred that people can make a difference by taking simple actions to help bees.6. F) What is the main idea of the passage?Answer: The main idea is the impact of technology oneducation and the importance of adapting to new teaching methods.7. G) How does the author view the role of technology in classrooms?Answer: The author views technology as a valuable toolthat can enhance learning experiences.8. H) What is the author's suggestion for teachers regarding the use of technology?Answer: The author suggests that teachers should stay updated with the latest technology and integrate it intotheir teaching.9. I) What is the author's opinion on the balance between traditional and modern teaching methods?Answer: The author believes in finding a balance between traditional and modern teaching methods to cater to different learning styles.10. J) What can be concluded from the passage?Answer: It can be concluded that technology has a significant impact on education and should be embraced by educators.三、语法与词汇部分1. A) The correct form of the verb in the sentence is "has been working".2. B) The sentence should use the comparative form "more carefully".3. C) The correct phrase to complete the sentence is "incharge of".4. D) The sentence requires the past perfect tense "had finished".5. E) The correct conjunction to use is "although".6. F) The sentence should include the modal verb "could have".7. G) The correct form of the verb is "have been".8. H) The sentence should use the passive voice "was built".9. I) The correct preposition to use is "for".10. J) The sentence should use the future perfect tense "will have completed".四、写作部分1. A) The essay should include an introduction, body paragraphs, and a conclusion.2. B) The introduction should present the topic and the main points to be discussed.3. C) The body paragraphs should provide supporting details, examples, and explanations.4. D) The conclusion should summarize the main points and provide a final thought.5. E) The essay should be well-organized, coherent, and freeof grammatical errors.请注意,以上内容仅为示例,实际的英语学测试卷参考答案应根据具体的试卷内容来制定。
小学下册英语第四单元测验试卷英语试题一、综合题(本题有100小题,每小题1分,共100分.每小题不选、错误,均不给分)1.The Earth's crust is constantly being reshaped by ______ forces.2.The __________ (历史的展现) reflects our journey.3.The _______ (老虎) is known for its strength.4.The chemical formula for aluminum sulfate is _____.5.I have _____ (ten/twenty) fingers.6.__________ (惰性气体) are used in lighting and welding due to their non-reactive nature.7.The _____ (松鼠) stores acorns for winter.8.My __________ likes gardening. (妈妈)9.My grandmother loves to __________. (讲故事)10.I love to ______ (dance) to music.11.Which holiday celebrates the New Year?A. ChristmasB. ThanksgivingC. New Year's DayD. Halloween答案:C12.His favorite color is ________.13.My hamster loves to explore its ______ (笼子).14.What do you call a person who flies an airplane?A. PilotB. EngineerC. MechanicD. Navigator答案:A15.What is the capital of Nigeria?A. LagosB. AbujaC. KanoD. Port Harcourt答案:B16.What is the sound of a clock?A. Tick-tockB. RingC. BeepD. Buzz答案:A17.She is _____ (practicing) her dance moves.18.What is the name of the longest river in the world?A. AmazonB. NileC. MississippiD. Yangtze答案:B19.There are _____ (三) birds in the tree.20._____ (根系) help to absorb water and nutrients.21.My brother is good at ____ (drawing) cartoons.22.The ________ (环境适应策略) is developed over time.23.The ancient Egyptians built temples for their ________.24.The sky is _______ (很蓝)。
The Joys of NatureThe Joys of Nature Nature, in all its glory, is a source of endless wonder and joy for many. From the majestic mountains to the serene seashores, nature has a way of captivating our hearts and minds. The beauty of nature is not just in its picturesque landscapes, but also in the sense of peace and tranquility it brings. In this article, we will explore the various joys of nature, from its aesthetic appeal to its therapeutic benefits, and delve into the profound impact it has on our overall well-being. The Aesthetic Appeal of Nature One cannot deny the sheer beauty of nature. The breathtaking sunsets, the vibrant hues of flowers in bloom, the lush greenery of forests, and the crystal-clear waters of lakes and rivers –all these elements contribute to the aesthetic appeal of nature. The intricate designs of a snowflake, the delicate petals of a flower, and the grandeur of a waterfall are all testaments to the unparalleled artistry of nature. It is no wonder that artists, poets, and photographers have long drawn inspiration from the natural world, seeking to capture its splendor in their work. Beyond its visual appeal, nature also appeals to our other senses. The melodious chirping of birds, the rustling of leaves in the wind, the gentle lapping of waves against the shore – these sounds of nature create a symphony that soothes the soul. The earthy scents of the forest, the salty tang of the sea, and the sweet fragrance of flowers further enrich our sensory experience, allowing us to immerse ourselves fully in the beauty that surrounds us. The Therapeutic Benefits of Nature In addition to its aesthetic allure, nature also offers a myriad of therapeutic benefits. Countless studies have shown that spending time in nature can have a positive impact on both our physical and mental well-being. The Japanese practice of shinrin-yoku, or forest bathing, emphasizes the healing power of nature, promoting time spent in forests as a means to reduce stress, lower blood pressure, and boost the immune system. Moreover, the natural world provides ample opportunities for physical activity, whether it be hiking through the mountains, swimming in a pristine lake, or simply taking a leisurely stroll through a park. Engaging in outdoor activities not only promotes physical fitness but also allows individuals to connect with nature on a deeper level, fostering a sense of harmony and balance. On a psychological level, nature has been found to have a calmingeffect on the mind. The vastness of the natural landscape can put our problemsinto perspective, reminding us of the greater forces at play in the world. The simple act of gazing at a starry night sky or listening to the rhythmic sound of ocean waves can evoke a sense of awe and wonder, prompting feelings of gratitude and humility. Nature serves as a powerful antidote to the stresses of modern life, offering a much-needed respite from the hustle and bustle of daily routines. The Impact of Nature on Well-being The impact of nature on our overall well-being cannot be overstated. In today's fast-paced society, many individuals find themselves disconnected from the natural world, leading to a host of physical and mental health issues. The rise of urbanization and technological advancements has led to a sedentary lifestyle, with people spending more time indoors and less time in nature. This disconnect from nature has been linked to various health problems, including anxiety, depression, and obesity. However, by rekindling ourrelationship with the natural world, we can reap the numerous benefits that nature has to offer. Whether it's through regular walks in the park, weekend getaways to the countryside, or even tending to a small garden, incorporating nature into our lives can lead to significant improvements in our well-being. Furthermore, nature has the power to foster a sense of community and interconnectedness. Whether it'sa group of hikers conquering a challenging trail or a community garden where neighbors come together to cultivate the land, nature has a way of bringing people closer. By sharing in the joys of nature, individuals can form meaningful connections and strengthen their social bonds, ultimately enhancing their overall quality of life. The Call to Preserve and Protect Nature In light of the many joys and benefits that nature brings, it is imperative that we take on the responsibility of preserving and protecting the natural world. The alarming rateof deforestation, pollution, and climate change poses a grave threat to the very ecosystems that sustain life on Earth. It is essential that we take proactive measures to conserve nature and mitigate the impact of human activities on the environment. Individuals can contribute to the conservation efforts by adopting sustainable practices in their daily lives, such as reducing energy consumption, minimizing waste, and supporting eco-friendly initiatives. Additionally, participating in community clean-up events, volunteering for environmentalorganizations, and advocating for conservation policies are effective ways to make a positive impact on the environment. On a larger scale, governments and corporations must prioritize environmental sustainability and invest in green technologies to reduce their ecological footprint. By implementing policies that protect natural habitats, promote renewable energy sources, and regulateindustrial emissions, we can work towards a more sustainable future forgenerations to come. In conclusion, the joys of nature are boundless, from its captivating beauty to its restorative effects on our well-being. By embracing nature and recognizing its profound impact on our lives, we can cultivate a deeper appreciation for the natural world and strive to protect it for future generations. Let us heed the call to preserve and protect nature, ensuring that its wonders continue to inspire and uplift us for years to come.。
小学上册英语第四单元真题(含答案)考试时间:100分钟(总分:110)B卷一、综合题(共计100题共100分)1. 听力题:The teacher gives us _____ (homework/tests).2. 选择题:What do you call a young crocodile?A. HatchlingB. PupC. CalfD. Kit3. 选择题:What do we call the process of converting a liquid into a solid?A. MeltingB. FreezingC. EvaporationD. Solidification4. 填空题:The raccoon is known for its ______ (面具).5. resource management) ensures sustainability. 填空题:The ____6. 填空题:The _______ (American Revolution) led to the independence of the thirteen colonies.7. 填空题:The ancient Egyptians wrote on _______ made from papyrus. (纸)8. 填空题:The __________ (古巴导弹危机) was a significant event in the Cold War.What is 7 + 5?A. 10B. 11C. 12D. 13答案:C10. 填空题:The _____ (linden) tree has fragrant flowers.11. 听力题:The city of Port Moresby is the capital of _______.12. 填空题:We visit the ______ (文化中心) for events.13. 选择题:What is the name of the fairy tale character who kissed a frog?A. Snow WhiteB. Sleeping BeautyC. The Princess and the FrogD. Cinderella14. 填空题:My brother has a toy ______ (赛车). He loves to race it on the ______ (地板).15. 填空题:Chromatography is a method used to separate _______. (色素)16. horizon) appears differently at sea compared to land. 填空题:The ____17. 填空题:I dream of becoming a ________ (医生) when I grow up. I want to help ________ (病人).18. ssance artist Michelangelo painted the ceiling of the _______. (西斯廷教堂) 填空题:The Rena19. 填空题:My dog loves to chase ______ (球) in the yard.20. 填空题:I saw a ________ running across the road.A chemical reaction requires a change in ______.22. 听力题:The Great Wall of China was built to protect against _______.23. 填空题:A ________ (湿地) is important for wildlife.24. 选择题:What do we call the highest point of a mountain?A. SummitB. BaseC. FootD. Ridge答案:A25. (75) is famous for its beautiful beaches. 填空题:The ____26. 填空题:The painter, ______ (画家), uses bright colors in her artwork.27. 选择题:What do we call the person who writes books?A. ArtistB. AuthorC. TeacherD. Scientist答案:B28. trial Revolution began in __________. (英国) 填空题:The Indu29. 填空题:The rabbit's _______ (嗅觉) helps it find food.30. 填空题:The __________ is a large area of frozen land found in Antarctica. (南极洲)31. 听力题:I see a _____ (fox) in the woods.32. 填空题:The ______ (老虎) has stripes that help it blend in.What do we call a scientist who studies the structure of the Earth?A. GeologistB. ArchaeologistC. PaleontologistD. Environmental Scientist34. 选择题:What do you call the sound made by a bell?A. DingB. BongC. RingD. Chime答案: D35. 听力题:My sister enjoys reading ____ (biographies).36. 听力题:An __________ is a reaction that releases light or heat.37. 听力题:Flowers need ______ to grow.38. 听力题:We have ___ (history/math) class today.39. 填空题:The _______ (The Age of Exploration) led to European colonization of the Americas.40. 选择题:What is the name of the fairy in Peter Pan?A. CinderellaB. TinkerbellC. Snow WhiteD. Ariel答案: B41. 听力题:__________ are used in the production of rubber.42. 听力题:The pH scale ranges from to _____.43. 听力题:The cake is very ___. (delicious)Kinetic energy is the energy of ______.45. 选择题:What do we breathe?A. WaterB. AirC. FoodD. Light46. 听力题:A strong electrolyte dissociates completely in ______.47. 听力题:The capital of Saint Vincent is __________.48. 听力题:The dog is _____ (running/sitting) in the yard.49. 选择题:What do we call the seasons that occur after summer?A. WinterB. SpringC. FallD. Autumn答案: C50. 填空题:The owl has excellent _______ (夜间视力).51. 填空题:The __________ (农场) is home to many crops.52. 选择题:What do we call a person who flies an airplane?A. PilotB. EngineerC. MechanicD. Navigator答案:A53. 选择题:What do we call the act of improving relationships?A. ReconciliationB. HealingC. MendingD. All of the Above答案:D54. 听力题:I need to _______ (wash) my hands.55. 听力题:We celebrate ______ (Christmas) in December.56. 听力填空题:I believe in the power of dreams. If we work hard, we can turn our dreams into reality. My dream is to __________ and make a difference in the world.57. 听力题:The ________ (scarf) is warm and cozy.58. 听力题:He is my _____ (teacher).59. 填空题:_____ (土壤) quality affects plant growth.60. 听力题:The capital of Thailand is __________.61. 听力题:The chemical formula for benzene is ______.62. 填空题:My dad helps me with _______ (作业).63. 听力题:The __________ is a region known for its mountains and valleys.64. 听力题:The _____ (椅子) is broken.65. 听力题:Emma is a ______. She likes to read stories.66. 选择题:What is the name of the color found between blue and yellow?A. PurpleB. GreenC. OrangeD. Red答案: B67. 听力题:The ancient Greeks created ________ to teach philosophy.68. 选择题:Which insect is known for making silk?A. AntB. ButterflyC. SilkwormD. Beetle答案:C69. 听力题:The ____ is a small mammal that loves to scamper around.70. 听力题:The fish are swimming in the ___ (tank/aquarium).71. 听力题:The stars are ___ (shimmering) tonight.72. 听力题:The _____ (parrot) can talk.73. 听力题:I like to ________ new things.74. 填空题:My favorite color is ________ (蓝色) because it is calming.75. 听力题:The element with the symbol W is __________.76. 听力题:My dad is very ________.77. 听力题:The ____ has a unique tail and enjoys climbing.78. 填空题:The __________ (探险活动) is thrilling and educational.79. 填空题:My friend is very __________ (有天赋).My pet rabbit loves to eat fresh ______ (胡萝卜).81. 填空题:Wildflowers grow __________ (自然) in the fields.82. 选择题:What do we call the largest organ in the human body?A. HeartB. SkinC. LiverD. Brain答案: B83. 填空题:The doctor gives _____ (建议) about staying healthy.84. 选择题:What do you call a young female cow?A. CalfB. HeiferC. KidD. Lamb答案: B85. 听力题:A reaction that occurs in the presence of heat is called a ______ reaction.86. 选择题:Which insect is known for its ability to build a hive?A. AntB. BeeC. ButterflyD. Mosquito答案:B87. 填空题:In 1492, Christopher Columbus sailed the ocean _______. (蓝)88. 填空题:A _____ (食用植物) can be grown at home easily.89. 听力题:The ____ is a small animal that hops around in the garden.We will have ______ for dessert. (cake)91. 选择题:What is the term for the process of water vapor turning into liquid water?A. EvaporationB. CondensationC. PrecipitationD. Sublimation答案: B92. 填空题:Plants can create ______ (栖息地) for wildlife.93. 填空题:My grandma is a wonderful __________ (谈话者) who shares stories.94. 听力题:The _______ can help improve your mood.95. 选择题:What is the name of the famous ancient structure located in Greece?A. ParthenonB. ColosseumC. PyramidsD. Stonehenge答案:A96. 选择题:What do you call a baby shark?A. PupB. FryC. CalfD. Kit答案: A97. 填空题:My brother loves to play . (我哥哥喜欢玩。
小学上册英语下册试卷(含答案)英语试题一、综合题(本题有50小题,每小题1分,共100分.每小题不选、错误,均不给分)1 What do we call a group of sheep?A. FlockB. SchoolC. PackD. Herd答案:A. Flock2 I occasionally host a toy ________ (名词) where my friends can come and play.3 The birds are ___ (chirping).4 The invention of the radio changed the way people _____.5 The U.S. has __________ states.6 The structure of a plant is designed to maximize ______ and growth. (植物的结构旨在最大化光合作用和生长。
)7 The puppy is _______.8 What is the largest organ in the human body?a. Heartb. Brainc. Skind. Liver答案:c9 What do you call a person who teaches students?A. DoctorB. TeacherC. ChefD. Engineer答案:B10 Who is known for saying "I have a dream"?A. Nelson MandelaB. Martin Luther King Jr.C. Albert EinsteinD. Mahatma Gandhi11 A sloth spends most of its time ________________ (睡觉).12 The capital of the British Virgin Islands is __________.13 What is the smallest continent?A. AfricaB. EuropeC. AustraliaD. Asia答案:C14 What is the opposite of love?A. CareB. HateC. LikeD. Joy15 The _____ (蜜蜂) plays a vital role in our ecosystem.16 What do we call the time when the sun sets?A. DawnB. DuskC. SunriseD. Twilight答案: B17 I like to _______ my family.18 I want to go to the ________.19 My dad tells me __________. (笑话)20 What do we call a group of fish swimming together?A. SchoolB. FlockC. PackD. Pod答案:A21 My favorite animal is a _______ because it’s cute.22 Chemicals can be represented by their ______ symbols.23 My dad is ________ (强壮).24 Which fruit is known for being very sour?a. Bananab. Lemonc. Peachd. Melon答案:B25 What do we call a piece of furniture you sleep on?A. ChairB. SofaC. BedD. Table26 I have a toy _____ that bounces.27 What is the capital of Italy?A. VeniceB. FlorenceC. RomeD. Milan答案:C28 I took my ________ (玩具名称) on a trip.29 The __________ (历史的纷争) can lead to reconciliation.30 What is the name of the famous beach destination in Florida known for its theme parks?A. MiamiB. OrlandoC. Key WestD. Fort Lauderdale答案: B. Orlando31 I enjoy ______ (listening) to music.32 The ________ (invention) changed the world.33 My dad is a _____ (摄影师) who captures nature.34 A ______ (植物工厂) can grow food year-round.35 What is the name of the famous American landmark that honors presidents?A. Statue of LibertyB. Mount RushmoreC. Lincoln MemorialD. Washington Monument答案:B36 The process of extracting metals from ores is called _____.37 The __________ is an important river in India. (恒河)38 A ____ is often seen splashing in the water and loves to swim.39 She is my _____ (好朋友) from school.40 What is the name of the famous landmark in Paris?A. Leaning Tower of PisaB. Eiffel TowerC. ColosseumD. Big Ben答案:B41 are great at ______ (攀爬). Squirrel42 What do you call a person who plays music?A. SingerB. DancerC. MusicianD. Artist答案:C43 The chemical formula for glucose is _____ (CHO).44 What is the name of the famous mountain in South America?A. KilimanjaroB. AconcaguaC. DenaliD. Mount Elbert45 My sister loves to listen to __________ (音乐).46 The ________ was a famous figure in the American Revolutionary War.47 A chemical reaction can be affected by the _____ of reactants.48 In geography, a __________ is a large landmass.49 What is the main ingredient in hummus?A. ChickpeasB. LentilsC. BeansD. Peas50 The __________ (传统习俗) are passed down through generations.51 A goat can climb on ________________ (岩石).52 What is the name of the famous ancient city in Greece?A. AthensB. SpartaC. CorinthD. Thebes答案:A. Athens53 Light years measure ______ in space.54 The backbone protects the ______ in animals.55 What is the chemical symbol for gold?A. AuB. AgC. PbD. Fe56 What is the name of the famous musician known as the "King of Pop"?A. Elvis PresleyB. Michael JacksonC. PrinceD. Madonna57 What is the main source of energy for the Earth?A. WindB. WaterC. SunD. Fossil fuels答案:C58 What is the main ingredient in sushi?A. PastaB. RiceC. BreadD. Meat答案:B59 What is the capital city of Egypt?A. CairoB. AlexandriaC. LuxorD. Giza60 A _______ is a large landmass surrounded by water.61 A ______ (蜜蜂) works hard to make honey.62 The children are _____ in the playground. (laughing)63 The _____ (公园) is beautiful in spring.64 I enjoy drawing pictures of __________ because they are __________.65 What is 15 7?A. 6B. 8C. 9D. 10答案:B66 My brother dreams of becoming a _______ (职业). 他希望 _______ (动词).67 在中国,________ (traditions) 如端午节和中秋节有着深厚的文化意义。
a rXiv:as tr o-ph/11121v16Nov2XTE J1118+480:Clues on the Nature of the Accretion Flow from the Optical Variability A.Merloni 1,T.Di Matteo 2∗and A.C.Fabian 11Institute of Astronomy,Madingley Road,Cambridge,CB30HA,UK 2Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics,60Golden St.,Cambridge,MA 02138,USA Abstract.We show how the simultaneous presence of a strong quasi periodic oscillation (QPO)of period ∼10seconds in the optical and X-ray lightcurves of the X-ray transient XTE J1118+480can be used to obtain information about the nature of the accretion flow around the source.The unusually high optical-to-X-ray flux ratio and the QPO observed simultaneously in both energy bands suggest that a significant fraction of the optical flux might originate close to the central source,where most of the X-rays are produced and be indicative of a magnetically dominated corona.We also show how the temporal evolution of the QPO can provide us with information on both the inner radius and the viscous properties of the optically thick accretion disc.Keywords:accretion discs -magnetic field -stars:individual:XTE J1118+4801.Introduction:The Magnetic Corona Model The transient X-ray source XTE J1118+480was discovered with the RXTE All-Sky Monitor on March 29,2000(Remillard et al.2000).At the peak of its outburst,it showed an X-ray spectrum typical of black hole candidates (BHC)in their hard state,with a prominent power-law component (photon index of about 1.8).The 13th magnitude optical counterpart,discovered by Uemura,Kato &Yamaoka (2000),exhibited a spectrum fairly typical of X-ray Novae in outburst (Dubus et al.2000and references therein).A strong QPO with frequency νQPO ∼0.1Hz has been found in the X-ray power density spectrum (PDS)of thesource (Wood et al.2000);more surprisingly,the optical lightcurves also showed a prominent QPO at the same frequency (Haswell et al.2000).The QPO frequency drifted to higher values systematically in both bands for about two months.As discussed in detail in Merloni,Di Metteo &Fabian (2000)(MDF),the high optical-to-X-ray flux ratio and the optical/UV variability ar-gues for the presence of significant cyclo-synchrotron (CS)radiation from active regions in a magnetically dominated corona in this source.Assuming that a fraction of the observed optical flux corresponding to2Merloni,Di Matteo and Fabianits oscillating part(∼30%)is due to CS emission from a magnetized corona,we modeled the spectrum taking into account reprocessing of coronal radiation in the accretion disc(according to the height of the active regions)and all the relevant radiative processes(see MDF for details).The disc was assumed to extend down to the innermost stable orbit of a non-rotating black hole(R in=6GM/c2=3R S).We found that,in order to match the high(compared to X-rays)opticalflux, both a low accretion rate(˙M/˙M Edd=˙m≃0.01),and a high fraction of accretion power dissipated in the corona(f>0.9)are needed;also the active regions need to be high above the disc(at about10R S)1.Hynes et al.(2000)reporting on EUVE observations of the source showed that the low measured EUVflux is inconsistent with an opti-cally thick disc extending down to radii R<1000R S(but see Dubus et al.2000for a different estimate of the EUVflux).Based on this, they favor an inner advection-dominatedflow(ADAF)surrounded by a geometrically thin disc truncated at hundreds of R S.In the next section we show how to use the variability information to put constraints on the inner disc location.2.The QPO Viscous EvolutionBeside the peaked QPO around0.1Hz,the observed PDS of XTE J1118+480exhibits a broader feature around1Hz;plotted one against the other,these frequencies fall remarkably well on the correlation among QPOs discovered by Psaltis,Belloni&van der Klis(1999)in the PDS of BHC and neutron stars.Such a correlation is likely to reflect a general property of the accretionflows around these objects.Here we assume that the QPO observed in XTE J1118+480is produced at a specific distance(R t=r t R S)where a discontinuity of theflow occurs,as in Psaltis&Norman(2000).The QPO frequency must be essentially determined by the relativistic dynamical frequencies of the system(Psaltis&Norman2000;Stella,Vietri&Morsink1999).XTE J1118+480observations offer the opportunity to track the QPO evolution over a long period of time(Wood et al.2000).To model such evolution,we calculate R t(t)integrating the equation of the viscous evolution of a standard Shakura-Sunyaev disc:∂R tα H R3t 1/2J−1,(1)2XTE J1118+480:Optical Variability and the Nature of the Accretion Flow3(a)νQPO=2νLT;rad.p.;χ2/dof=0.21;α4/5[˙m2(1−f)]1/5≃2.5×10−4m4/15Figure1.Fit to the observed QPO evolution(RXTE and USA data,Wood et al 2000)for(a)a QPO produced by relativistic LT precession in a radiation pressure dominated disc and(b)a QPO produced by modulation with Keplerian frequency in a gas pressure dominated disc.The error bars are given by the QPO FWHM,which is likely to reflect the uncertainties in the location where the oscillation are excited. In the inset the ASM lightcurve of XTE J1118+480(triangles):the continuous line is a SPLINEfit to its smooth variation(flares are excluded),which is assumed to reflect long term variations of the total accretion rate.where J=1−4Merloni,Di Matteo and Fabian˙m(t)=g(t)˙m0,where g(t)is the continuous function shown in the inset in Fig.1.We integrate Eq.(1)andfitted the temporal evolution of the QPO frequency with the resultingνQPO(R t(t))for the two cases and show the results in Fig.1.Bothfits are acceptable,but the relativistic precession model(with r t=O(10))explains the QPO evolution better than the Keplerian one(with r t=O(1000)).Finally,from suchfits we can obtain an estimate of the viscous parameters of the optically thick accretion disc(α,˙m,f,through the products shown in Fig.1)indepen-dent on any spectral analysis.The estimate from MDF(˙mf≃10−3) based on the magnetic corona model is also consistent with case(a) (withα∼0.01),while for case(b)it would imply an unreasonably low viscosity.3.ConclusionsThe main rationale for our model is the simultaneous presence of a strong QPO in the optical and X-ray lightcurves of XTE J1118+480, suggesting that thefluxes in the two bands both originate from the same region in the inner part of the accretionflow.Self-absorbed CS emission is the natural candidate to explain the optical variability.Such emission is expected in any magnetic corona model,and the inferred magneticfield value(B≈2×106G)is the one predicted to arise when the source is in the hard state(MDF).We have also shown how the evolution of the QPO can be satisfactory accounted for if the QPO is produced by a modulation whose frequency is equal to twice the rela-tivistic nodal precession in a radiation pressure dominated disc and the location of such modulation(that is perhaps where the inner accretion disc undergoes a transition and is at most a few tens of Schwarzschild radii)viscously drift inwards.ReferencesDubus,G.et al.,2000,submitted to ApJ(astro-ph/0009148)Haswell et al.,2000,IAUC7427Hynes,R.I.et al.,2000,ApJ,539,L37Markoff,S.,Falcke,H.&Fender,R.P.,2000,submitted to ApJMerloni,A.,Di Matteo,T.&Fabian,A.,2000,MNRAS,318,L15(MDF) Merloni,A.,Fabian,A.C.&Ross,R.R.2000,MNRAS,313,193Psaltis,D.,Belloni,T.&van der Klis,M.,1999,ApJ,520,262Psaltis,D.&Norman,C.,2000,ApJ in press(astro-ph/0001391)Stella,L.,Vietri,M.&Morsink,S.,1999,ApJ,624,L63Remillard,R.R.,et al.,2000,IAUC7390Uemura,M.,Kato,T.&Yamaoka,H.,2000,IAUC7390XTE J1118+480:Optical Variability and the Nature of the Accretion Flow5 Wood,K.S.et al.,2000,ApJL in press(astro-ph/0006234)。