2006年真题答案及解析

（2006年）1.关于罪刑法定原则，下列哪一选项是正确的？A.罪刑法定原则的思想基础之一是民主主义，而习惯最能反映民意，所以，将习惯作为刑法的渊源并不违反罪刑法定原则B.罪刑法定原则中的“法”不仅包括国家立法机关制定的法，而且包括国家最高行政机关制定的法C.罪刑法定原则禁止不利于行为人的溯及既往，但允许有利于行为人的溯及既往D.刑法分则的部分条文对犯罪的状况不作具体描述，只是表述该罪的罪名。

这种立法体例违反罪刑法定原则答案：C解析：罪刑法定原则要求刑法应以制定法为依据，排斥习惯法，根据《立法法》第8条第4项，关于犯罪和刑罚的事项只能制定法律，刑法只禁止犯罪化，强化惩罚或对行为人不利的法律追溯既往，对非犯罪化，弱化惩罚或有利于行为人的法律则允许有溯及既往的效力，刑法分则中部分条文没有具体描述犯罪的特征，只是表述该罪的罪名，之所以采取这种简单罪状的方式，往往是因为这些犯罪的特征为众人所知，无须具体描述，所以并不违反罪刑法定原则，2.关于因果关系，下列哪一选项是错误的？A.甲故意伤害乙并致其重伤，乙被送到医院救治。

当晚，医院发生火灾，乙被烧死。

甲的伤害行为与乙的死亡之间不存在因果关系B.甲以杀人故意对乙实施暴力，造成乙重伤休克。

甲以为乙已经死亡，为隐匿罪迹，将乙扔人湖中，导致乙溺水而亡。

甲的杀人行为与乙的死亡之间存在因果关系C.甲因琐事与乙发生争执，向乙的胸部猛推一把，导致乙心脏病发作，救治无效而死亡。

甲的行为与乙的死亡之间存在因果关系，是否承担刑事责任则应视甲主观上有无罪过而定D.甲与乙都对丙有仇，甲见乙向丙的食物中投放了5毫克毒物，且知道5毫克毒物不能致丙死亡，遂在乙不知情的情况下又添加了5毫克毒物，丙吃下食物后死亡。

甲投放的5毫克毒物本身不足以致丙死亡，故甲的投毒行为与丙的死亡之间不存在因果关系答案：D解析：刑法上的因果关系是指危害行为与危害结果之间的一种引起与被引起的关系。

A 项中甲的伤害行为跟乙的死亡有一定的联系，但二者之间并没有刑法上的因果关系，因为二者之间的因果关系被火灾所切断。

2006年湖北高考理科数学真题及答案本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。

第Ⅰ卷1至2页，第Ⅱ卷3至4页，共4页。

全卷共150分。

考试用时120分钟。

第Ⅰ卷（选择题 共50分）注意事项：1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试题卷和答题纸上，并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。

2. 每小题选出答案后，用2B 铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。

如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号，答在试题卷上无效。

3. 考试结束后，监考人员将本试题卷和答题卡一并收回。

一、选择题:本大题共10小题，每小题5分，共50分散。

在每个小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。

1．已知向量a =，b 是不平行于x 轴的单位向量，且a b = b =A ．12）B ．（12C ．（14）D ．（1,0） 2.若互不相等的实数,,a b c 成等差数列，,,c a b 成等比数列，且310a b c ++=，则a =A ．4B ．2C ．－2D ．－43.若ABC ∆的内角A 满足2sin 23A =，则sin cos A A +=B ．．53 D ．53-4．设2()lg 2x f x x +=-，则2(()2x f f x+的定义域为A ．(4,0)(0,4)-B ．(4,1)(1,4)--C ．(2,1)(1,2)--D ．(4,2)(2,4)--5．在24(x 的展开式中，x 的幂的指数是整数的项共有 A ．3项 B ．4项 C ．5项 D ．6项6．关于直线,m n 与平面,αβ，有以下四个命题： ①若//,//m n αβ且//αβ，则//m n ； ②若,m n αβ⊥⊥且αβ⊥，则m n ⊥； ③若,//m n αβ⊥且//αβ，则m n ⊥；④若//,m n αβ⊥且αβ⊥，则//m n ； 其中真命题的序号是A ．①②B ．③④C ．①④D ．②③7．设过点(,)P x y 的直线分别与x 轴的正半轴和y 轴的正半轴交于,A B 两点，点Q 与点P关于y 轴对称，O 为坐标原点，若2BP PA = 且1OQ AB =，则点P 的轨迹方程是A ．22331(0,0)2x y x y +=>>B ．22331(0,0)2x y x y -=>>C ．22331(0,0)2x y x y -=>> D ．22331(0,0)2x y x y +=>> 8．有限集合S 中元素的个数记做()card S ，设,A B 都为有限集合，给出下列命题： ①A B =∅ 的充要条件是()()()card A B card A card B =+ ； ②A B ⊆的充要条件是()()card A card B ≤； ③A B Ú的充要条件是()()card A card B ≤； ④A B =的充要条件是()()card A card B =；其中真命题的序号是A ．③④B ．①②C ．①④D ．②③ 9．已知平面区域D 由以(1,3),(5,2),(3,1)A B C 为顶点的三角形内部和边界组成。

2006年全国硕士研究生入学考试数学一真题一、填空题(1) lim Xln(1 x)X 01 COSX -----------------(2 )微分方程y y(1 x)的通解是__________________ .X(3)设是锥面z x2—y2( 0 z 1)的下侧，贝U xdydz 2ydzdx 3(z 1)dxdy(4)点(2,1, 0)到平面3x 4y 5z 0的距离z =(5 )设矩阵A E为2阶单位矩阵，矩阵B满足BA B 2E ,贝U B(6)设随机变量X与Y相互独立，且均服从区间[0, 3]上的均匀分布，则P max{X,Y} 1 = ______________、选择题(7)设函数y f(x)具有二阶导数，且f (x) 0, f (x) 0 ,x为自变量x在x0处的增量, y与dy(A) 0 dx y. (B) 0 y dy(C)y dy 0. (D)dy y 0104d 0f(rcos，rsin )rdr等于(A) 02dx x f (X, y)dy.(B) 0勺x°1x2f(x,y)dy.(C) 0「y1y2f(x,y)dx. (C) ^dy J 7 f(x, y)dx. 【】(9)若级数a n收敛，则级数n 1(A) a n收敛.n 1(C) a n a n 1收敛. (B) ( 1)n a n收敛.n 1(D) 3n 3n 1收敛. 【】分别为f(x)在点X。

处对应的增量与微分，若x 0，则(8)设f(x, y)为连续函数，则(10)设f (x, y)与(x, y)均为可微函数，且y (x, y) 0 •已知(x 0, y 0)是f (x, y)在约束条件(x, y) 0 下的一个极值点，下列选项正确的是 0，则 f y (x 0, y 0) 0 0，则 f y (x 0, y 0) 00，则 f y (x 0, y 0) 00，则 f y (x 0, y 0) 0(A) 若a !, a 2,L , a,线性相关，则 (B) 若a !, a ?丄，a,线性相关，则 (C) 若印，玄2丄，a,线性无关，则(A ) P(A B) P(A). (B )P(A B)P(B). (C ) P(A B) P(A).(D )P(A B)P(B). 【】14 )设随机变量X 服从正态分布N( 1, 212) ， Y 服从正态分布N( 2, 2)，且P{| X1| 1} P{| Y 2| 1},(A ) 1 2.(B ) 1 2.( C )12.(D )1 2.【 】(12 )设A 为3 阶矩阵，将A 的第 2 行加到第 1 行得B ，再将B 的第 1 列的 -1 倍加到第 2 列得C ，记1 10P0 1 0 ，则0 01(A ) CP 1AP.(B ) C PAP 1.(C )C P T AP . (D )C PAP T .【】13)设 A, B 为随机事件，且p(B) 0, p(A|B)1， 则必有(D) 若a !, a ?丄，a,线性无关，则】(A) 若 f x (x 。

2006年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section I U se of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)The homeless make up a growing percentage of America’s population.1 homelessness has reached such proportions that local governments can’t possibly 2. To help homeless people 3 independence, the federal government must support job training programs, 4 the minimum wage, and fund more low-cost housing.5 everyone agrees on the number of Americans who are homeless. Estimates6 anywhere from 600,000 to 3 million.7 the figure may vary, analysts do agree on another matter: that the number of the homeless is 8. One of the federal government’s studies 9 thatthe number of the homeless will reach nearly 19 million by the end of this decade.Finding ways to 10 this growing homeless population has become increasingly difficult. 11 when homeless individuals manage to find a 12 that will give them three meals a day and a place to sleep at night, a good number still spend the bulk of each day 13 thestreet. Part of the problem is that many homeless adults are addicted to alcohol or drugs. And a significant number of the homeless have seriousmental disorders. Many others, 14 not addicted or mentally ill, simply lack the everyday 15 skills needed to turn their lives16. Boston Globe reporter Chris Reidy notes that the situation willimprove only when there are 17 programs that address the many needs of the homeless. 18 Edward Zlotkowski, director of community service at Bentley College in Massachusetts, 19 it, “There has to be 20 of programs. What’s needed is a package deal.”1. [A] Indeed[B] Likewise[C] Therefore[D] Furthermore2. [A] stand[B] cope[C] approve[D] retain3. [A] in[B] for[C] with[D] toward4. [A] raise[B] add[C] take[D] keep5. [A] generally[B] almost[C] hardly[D] not6. [A] cover[B] change[C] range[D] differ7. [A] Now that[B] Although[C] Provided[D] Except that8. [A] inflating[B] expanding[C] increasing[D] extending9. [A] predicts[B] displays[C] proves[D] discovers10. [A] assist[B] track[C] sustain[D] dismiss11. [A] Hence[B] But[C] Even[D] Only12. [A] lodging[B] shelter[C] dwelling[D] house13. [A] searching[B] strolling[C] crowding[D] wandering14. [A] when[B] once[C] while[D] whereas15. [A] life[B] existence[C] survival[D] maintenance16. [A] around[B] over[C] on[D] up17. [A] complex[B] comprehensive[C] complementary[D] compensating18. [A] So[B] Since[C] As[D] Thus19. [A] puts[B] interprets[C] assumes[D] makes20. [A] supervision[B] manipulation[C] regulation[D] coordinationSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C], or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1In spite of “endless talk of difference,” American society is an amazing machine for homogenizing people. There is “the democratizing uniformity of dress and discourse, and the casualness and absence of deference” characteristic of popular culture. People are absorbed into “a culture of consumption” launched by the 19th-century department stores that offered “vast arrays of goods in an elegant atmosphere. Instead of intimate shops catering to a knowledgeable elite,” these were stores “anyone could enter, regardless of class or background. This turned shopping into a public and democratic act.” The mass media, advertising and sports are other forces for homogenization.Immigrants are quickly fitting into this common culture, which may not be altogether elevating but is hardly poisonous. Writing for the National Immigration Forum, Gregory Rodriguez reports that today’s immigration is neither at unprecedented levels nor resistant to assimilation. In 1998 immigrants were 9.8 percent of population; in 1900, 13.6 percent. In the 10 years prior to 1990, 3.1 immigrants arrived for every 1,000 residents; in the 10 years prior to 1890, 9.2 for every 1,000. Now, consider three indices of assimilation -- language, home ownership and intermarriage.The 1990 Census revealed that “a majority of immigrants from each of the fifteen most common countries of origin spoke English ‘well’or ‘very well’ after ten years of residence.” The children of immigrants tend to be bilingual and proficient in English. “By the third generation, the original language is lost in the majority of immigrant families.”Hence the description of America as a “graveyard” for languages. By 1996 foreign-born immigrants who had arrived before 1970 had a home ownership rate of 75.6 percent, higher than the 69.8 percent rate among native-born Americans.Foreign-born Asians and Hispanics “have higher rates of intermarriage than do U.S.-born whites and blacks.”By the third generation, one third of Hispanic women are married to non-Hispanics, and 41 percent of Asian-American women are married to non-Asians.Rodriguez notes that children in remote villages around the world are fans of superstars like Arnold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks, yet “some Americans fear that immigrants living within the United States remain somehow immune to the nation’s assimilative power.”Are there divisive issues and pockets of seething anger in America? Indeed. It is big enough to have a bit of everything. But particularly when viewed against America’s turbulent past, today’s social indices hardly suggest a dark and deteriorating social environment.21. The word “homogenizing” (Line 2, Paragraph 1) most probably means________.[A] identifying[B] associating[C] assimilating[D] monopolizing22. According to the author, the department stores of the 19th century________.[A] played a role in the spread of popular culture[B] became intimate shops for common consumers[C] satisfied the needs of a knowledgeable elite[D] owed its emergence to the culture of consumption23. The text suggests that immigrants now in the U.S. ________.[A] are resistant to homogenization[B] exert a great influence on American culture[C] are hardly a threat to the common culture[D] constitute the majority of the population24. Why are Arnold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks mentioned inParagraph 5?[A] To prove their popularity around the world.[B] To reveal the public’s fear of immigrants.[C] To give examples of successful immigrants.[D] To show the powerful influence of American culture.25. In the author’s opinion, the absorption of immigrants into Americansociety is ________.[A] rewarding[B] successful[C] fruitless[D] harmfulText 2Stratford-on-Avon, as we all know, has only one industry -- William Shakespeare -- but there are two distinctly separate and increasingly hostile branches. There is the Royal Shakespeare Company (RSC), which presents superb productions of the plays at the Shakespeare Memorial Theatre on the Avon. And there are the townsfolk who largely live off the tourists who come, not to see the plays, but to look at Anne Hathaway’s Cottage, Shakespeare’s birthplace and the other sights.The worthy residents of Stratford doubt that the theatre adds a penny to their revenue. They frankly dislike the RSC’s actors, them with their long hair and beards and sandals and noisiness. It’s all deliciously ironic when you consider that Shakespeare, who earns their living, was himself an actor (with a beard) and did his share of noise-making.The tourist streams are not entirely separate. The sightseers who come by bus -- and often take in Warwick Castle and Blenheim Palace on the side -- don’t usually see the plays, and some of them are even surprised to find a theatre in Stratford. However, the playgoers do manage a little sight-seeing along with their playgoing. It is the playgoers, the RSC contends, who bring in much of the town’s revenue because they spend the night (some of them four or five nights) pouring cash into the hotels and restaurants. The sightseers can take in everything and get out of town by nightfall.The townsfolk don’t see it this way and local council does not contribute directly to the subsidy of the Royal Shakespeare Company. Stratford cries poor traditionally. Nevertheless every hotel in town seems to be adding a new wing or cocktail lounge. Hilton is building its own hotel there, which you may be sure will be decorated with Hamlet Hamburger Bars, the Lear Lounge, the Banquo Banqueting Room, and so forth, and will be very expensive.Anyway, the townsfolk can’t understand why the Royal Shakespeare Company needs a subsidy. (The theatre has broken attendance records for three years in a row. Last year its 1,431 seats were 94 percent occupied all year long and this year they’ll do better.) The reason, of course, is that costs have rocketed and ticket prices have stayed low.It would be a shame to raise prices too much because it would drive away the young people who are Stratford’s most attractive clientele. They come entirely for the plays, not the sights. They all seem to look alike (though they come from all over) -- lean, pointed, dedicated faces, wearing jeans and sandals, eating their buns and bedding down for the night on the flagstones outside the theatre to buy the 20 seats and 80 standing-room tickets held for the sleepers and sold to them when the box office opens at 10:30 a.m.26. From the first two paragraphs, we learn that ________.[A] the townsfolk deny the RSC’s contribution to the town’s revenue[B] the actors of the RSC imitate Shakespeare on and off stage[C] the two branches of the RSC are not on good terms[D] the townsfolk earn little from tourism27. It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that ________.[A] the sightseers cannot visit the Castle and the Palace separately[B] the playgoers spend more money than the sightseers[C] the sightseers do more shopping than the playgoers[D] the playgoers go to no other places in town than the theater28. By saying “Stratford cries poor traditionally” (Line 2-3, Paragraph4), the author implies that ________.[A] Stratford cannot afford the expansion projects[B] Stratford has long been in financial difficulties[C] the town is not really short of money[D] the townsfolk used to be poorly paid29. According to the townsfolk, the RSC deserves no subsidy because________.[A] ticket prices can be raised to cover the spending[B] the company is financially ill-managed[C] the behavior of the actors is not socially acceptable[D] the theatre attendance is on the rise30. From the text we can conclude that the author ________.[A] is supportive of both sides[B] favors the townsfolk’s view[C] takes a detached attitude[D] is sympathetic to the RSCText 3When prehistoric man arrived in new parts of the world, something strange happened to the large animals. They suddenly became extinct. Smaller species survived. The large, slow-growing animals were easy game, and were quickly hunted to extinction. Now something similar could be happening in the oceans.That the seas are being overfished has been known for years. What researchers such as Ransom Myers and Boris Worm have shown is just how fast things are changing. They have looked at half a century of data from fisheries around the world. Their methods do not attempt to estimate the actual biomass (the amount of living biological matter) of fish species in particular parts of the ocean, but rather changes in that biomass over time. According to their latest paper published in Nature, the biomassof large predators (animals that kill and eat other animals) in a new fishery is reduced on average by 80% within 15 years of the start of exploitation. In some long-fished areas, it has halved again since then.Dr. Worm acknowledges that these figures are conservative. One reason for this is that fishing technology has improved. Today’s vessels can find their prey using satellites and sonar, which were not available 50 years ago. That means a higher proportion of what is in the sea is being caught, so the real difference between present and past is likely to be worse than the one recorded by changes in catch sizes. In the early days, too, longlines would have been more saturated with fish. Some individuals would therefore not have been caught, since no baited hooks would have been available to trap them, leading to an underestimate of fish stocks in the past. Furthermore, in the early days of longline fishing, a lot of fish were lost to sharks after they had been hooked. That is no longer a problem, because there are fewer sharks around now.Dr. Myers and Dr. Worm argue that their work gives a correct baseline, which future management efforts must take into account. They believe the data support an idea current among marine biologists, that of the “shifting baseline.” The notion is that people have failed to detect the massive changes which have happened in the ocean because they have been looking back only a relatively short time into the past. That matters because theory suggests that the maximum sustainable yield that can be cropped from a fishery comes when the biomass of a target species is about 50% of its original levels. Most fisheries are well below that, which is a bad way to do business.31. The extinction of large prehistoric animals is noted to suggest that________.[A] large animal were vulnerable to the changing environment[B] small species survived as large animals disappeared[C] large sea animals may face the same threat today[D] slow-growing fish outlive fast-growing ones32. We can infer from Dr. Myers and Dr. Worm’s paper that ________.[A] the stock of large predators in some old fisheries has reducedby 90%[B] there are only half as many fisheries as there were 15 years ago[C] the catch sizes in new fisheries are only 20% of the originalamount[D] the number of larger predators dropped faster in new fisheriesthan in the old33. By saying "these figures are conservative" (Line 1, paragraph 3),Dr. Worm means that ________.[A] fishing technology has improved rapidly[B] the catch-sizes are actually smaller than recorded[C] the marine biomass has suffered a greater loss[D] the data collected so far are out of date34. Dr. Myers and other researchers hold that ________.[A] people should look for a baseline that can work for a longer time[B] fisheries should keep their yields below 50% of the biomass[C] the ocean biomass should be restored to its original level[D] people should adjust the fishing baseline to the changingsituation35. The author seems to be mainly concerned with most fisheries’________.[A] management efficiency[B] biomass level[C] catch-size limits[D] technological applicationText 4Many things make people think artists are weird. But the weirdest may be this: artists’ only job is to explore emotions, and yet they choose to focus on the ones that feel bad.This wasn’t always so. The earliest forms of art, like painting and music, are those best suited for expressing joy. But somewhere from the 19th century onward, more artists began seeing happiness as meaningless, phony or, worst of all, boring, as we went from Wordsworth’s daffodils to Baudelaire’s flowers of evil.You could argue that art became more skeptical of happiness because modern times have seen so much misery. But it’s not as if earlier times didn’t know perpetual war, disaster and the massacre of innocents. The reason, in fact, may be just the opposite: there is too much damn happiness in the world today.After all, what is the one modern form of expression almost completely dedicated to depicting happiness? Advertising. The rise of anti-happy art almost exactly tracks the emergence of mass media, and with it, a commercial culture in which happiness is not just an ideal but an ideology.People in earlier eras were surrounded by reminders of misery. They worked until exhausted, lived with few protections and died young. In the West, before mass communication and literacy, the most powerful mass medium was the church, which reminded worshippers that their souls were in danger and that they would someday be meat for worms. Given all this, they did not exactly need their art to be a bummer too.Today the messages the average Westerner is surrounded with are not religious but commercial, and forever happy. Fast-food eaters, news anchors, text messengers, all smiling, smiling, smiling. Our magazines feature beaming celebrities and happy families in perfect homes. And since these messages have an agenda -- to lure us to open our wallets -- they make the very idea of happiness seem unreliable. “Celebrate!”commanded the ads for the arthritis drug Celebrex, before we found out it could increase the risk of heart attacks.But what we forget -- what our economy depends on us forgetting -- is that happiness is more than pleasure without pain. The things that bring the greatest joy carry the greatest potential for loss and disappointment. Today, surrounded by promises of easy happiness, we need art to tell us, as religion once did, Memento mori: remember that you will die, that everything ends, and that happiness comes not in denying this but in living with it. It’s a message even more bitter than a clove cigarette, yet, somehow, a breath of fresh air.36. By citing the examples of poets Wordsworth and Baudelaire, the authorintends to show that ________.[A] poetry is not as expressive of joy as painting or music[B] art grows out of both positive and negative feelings[C] poets today are less skeptical of happiness[D] artists have changed their focus of interest37. The word “bummer”(Line 5, paragraph 5) most probably meanssomething ________.[A] religious[B] unpleasant[C] entertaining[D] commercial38. In the author’s opinion, advertising ________.[A] emerges in the wake of the anti-happy art[B] is a cause of disappointment for the general public[C] replaces the church as a major source of information[D] creates an illusion of happiness rather than happiness itself39. We can learn from the last paragraph that the author believes________.[A] happiness more often than not ends in sadness[B] the anti-happy art is distasteful but refreshing[C] misery should be enjoyed rather than denied[D] the anti-happy art flourishes when economy booms40. Which of the following is true of the text?[A] Religion once functioned as a reminder of misery.[B] Art provides a balance between expectation and reality.[C] People feel disappointed at the realities of modern society.[D] Mass media are inclined to cover disasters and deaths.Part BDirections:In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered gaps. There are two extra choices, which you do not need to use in any of the blanks. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)On the north bank of the Ohio river sits Evansville, Ind., home of David Williams, 52, and of a riverboat casino (a place where gambling games are played). During several years of gambling in that casino, Williams, a state auditor earning $35,000 a year, lost approximately $175,000. He had never gambled before the casino sent him a coupon for $20 worth of gambling.He visited the casino, lost the $20 and left. On his second visit he lost $800. The casino issued to him, as a good customer, a "Fun Card", which when used in the casino earns points for meals and drinks, and enables the casino to track the user’s gambling activities. For Williams, those activities become what he calls "electronic heroin".(41) ________. In 1997 he lost $21,000 to one slot machine in two days. In March 1997 he lost $72,186. He sometimes played two slot machines at a time, all night, until the boat docked at 5 a.m., then went back aboard when the casino opened at 9 a.m. Now he is suing the casino, charging that it should have refused his patronage because it knew he was addicted. It did know he had a problem.In March 1998 a friend of Williams’s got him involuntarily confinedto a treatment center for addictions, and wrote to inform the casino of Williams’s gambling problem. The casino included a photo of Williams among those of banned gamblers, and wrote to him a “cease admissions”letter. Noting the medical/psychological nature of problem gambling behavior, the letter said that before being readmitted to the casino he would have to present medical/psychological information demonstrating that patronizing the casino would pose no threat to his safety or well-being.(42) ________.The Wall Street Journal reports that the casino has 24 signs warning: “Enjoy the fun... and always bet with your head, not over it.” Every entrance ticket lists a toll-free number for counseling from the Indiana Department of Mental Health. Nevertheless, Williams’s suit charges that the casino, knowing he was “helplessly addicted to gambling,”intentionally worked to “lure” him to “engage in conduct against his will.” Well.(43) ________.The fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders says “pathological gambling” involves persistent, recurring and uncontrollable pursuit less of money than of thrill of taking risks in quest of a windfall.(44) ________. Pushed by science, or what claims to be science, society is reclassifying what once were considered character flaws or moral failings as personality disorders akin to physical disabilities.(45) ________.Forty-four states have lotteries, 29 have casinos, and most of these states are to varying degrees dependent on -- you might say addicted to -- revenues from wagering. And since the first Internet gambling site was created in 1995, competition for gamblers’ dollars has become intense. The Oct. 28 issue of Newsweek reported that 2 million gamblers patronize 1,800 virtual casinos every week. With $3.5 billion being lost on Internet wagers this year, gambling has passed pornography as the Web’s most profitable business.[A] Although no such evidence was presented, the casino’s marketingdepartment continued to pepper him with mailings. And he entered the casino and used his Fun Card without being detected.[B]It is unclear what luring was required, given his compulsive behavior.And in what sense was his will operative?[C] By the time he had lost $5,000 he said to himself that if he couldget back to even, he would quit. One night he won $5,500, but he did not quit.[D] Gambling has been a common feature of American life forever, but fora long time it was broadly considered a sin, or a social disease.Now it is a social policy: the most important and aggressive promoter of gambling in America is the government.[E] David Williams’s suit should trouble this gambling nation. But don’t bet on it.[F] It is worrisome that society is medicalizing more and more behavioralproblems, often defining as addictions what earlier, sterner generations explained as weakness of will.[G] The anonymous, lonely, undistracted nature of online gambling isespecially conducive to compulsive behavior. But even if the government knew how to move against Internet gambling, what would be its grounds for doing so?Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)Is it true that the American intellectual is rejected and considered of no account in his society? I am going to suggest that it is not true. Father Bruckberger told part of the story when he observed that it is the intellectuals who have rejected America. But they have done more than that. They have grown dissatisfied with the role of intellectual. It is they, not America, who have become anti-intellectual.First, the object of our study pleads for definition. What is an intellectual? 46) I shall define him as an individual who has elected as his primary duty and pleasure in life the activity of thinking in a Socratic (苏格拉底) way about moral problems. He explores such problems consciously, articulately, and frankly, first by asking factual questions, then by asking moral questions, finally by suggesting action which seems appropriate in the light of the factual and moral information which he has obtained. 47) His function is analogous to that of a judge, who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a manner as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision.This definition excludes many individuals usually referred to as intellectuals -- the average scientist, for one. 48) I have excluded him because, while his accomplishments may contribute to the solution of moral problems, he has not been charged with the task of approaching any but the factual aspects of those problems. Like other human beings, he encounters moral issues even in the everyday performance of his routine duties -- he is not supposed to cook his experiments, manufactureevidence, or doctor his reports. 49) But his primary task is not to think about the moral code which governs his activity, any more than a businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of conduct in business. During most of his waking life he will take his code for granted, as the businessman takes his ethics.The definition also excludes the majority of teachers, despite the fact that teaching has traditionally been the method whereby many intellectuals earn their living. 50) They may teach very well and more than earn their salaries, but most of them make little or no independent reflections on human problems which involve moral judgment. This description even fits the majority of eminent scholars. Being learned in some branch of human knowledge is one thing, living in "public and illustrious thoughts,” as Emerson would say, is something else.Section III WritingPart A51. DirectionsYou want to contribute to Project Hope by offering financial aid to a child in a remote area. Write a letter to the department concerned, asking them to help find a candidate. You should specify what kind of child you want to help and how you will carry out your plan.Write your letter in no less than 100 words. Write it neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter; use “Li Ming”instead.Do not write the address. (10 points)Part B52. Directions:Study the following photos carefully and write an essay in which you should1. describe the photos briefly,2. interpret the social phenomenon reflected by them, and3. give your point of view.You should write 160-200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)有两幅图片，图1 把崇拜写在脸上；图2 花300元做“小贝头”注：Beckham是英国足球明星有两张照片，一张照片上有一位男士脸上写着足球明星的名字，另一张照片上有一个男子在理发，他要求理发师为他设计一个小贝克汉姆的发型。

2006年研究生入学考试政治试题答案及解析一、单项选择题：1～16小题，每小题1分，共16分。

1. 世界上惟一不变的是变。

这一论断的含义是A. 变是世界的本原B. 世界上只有变，没有不变C. 变是绝对的，不变是相对的D. 变与不变是绝对对立的【答案】 C【解析】本题考查的知识点是对唯物辩证法关于发展、变化的理解和确认。

世界上没有永恒存在着的事物，一切事物都是运动、变化和发展的。

一切事物都有其产生、发展和转化为其他事物的历史，一切事物都有它的过去、现在和未来。

因此，在辩证法看来，一切事物都处在发生、发展和灭亡的过程中，凡是在历史上产生的都要在历史上灭亡，任何事物都不可能永恒地存在。

整个物质世界就是永恒发展变化着的世界。

换句话说，世界上唯一不变的是变化，即“变是绝对的，不变是相对的”。

据此分析题中给出的四个选项：A项明显是错误的，因为世界的本质是物质，变化只是世界存在的状态，而不是世界的本质；B项和D项谈的是对变化的理解，但是都犯了形而上学的错误，这样将A、B、D三项排除，只有C项才是正确选项。

2. “只有音乐才能激起人的音乐感；对于没有音乐感的耳朵说来，最美的音乐也毫无意义”。

这表明A. 人的认识是主体与客体相互作用的过程和结果B. 人的感觉能力决定认识的产生和发展C. 人的认识能力是由人的生理结构决定的D. 事物因人的感觉而存在【答案】 A【解析】本题是一道事实辨析选择题，考查的知识点是对认识的本质、主体在认识中的作用的理解和把握。

认识是主体对客体的反映，任何认识都是主体在与客体的相互作用中对客体的反映，而主体对客体的反映是一个能动的创造性的过程。

认识是主体和客体相互作用的过程和结果，既有客体对主体的作用，更有主体对客体的作用。

主体人是具有复杂结构和进行活动的社会性的人，它在反映客体的过程中，必然会动用其内部结构的所有功能，对所反映对象的内容进行选择、整理、改造、解释、猜想等等。

因此，不仅能对客观对象进行直观的摹写，而且能对客观对象作出抽象和概括的反映；不仅能反映事物现在的样子，而且能反映它由于人的改造活动而可能成为的样子。

2006年河南省普通高等学校 选拔优秀专科生进入本科阶段学习考试高等数学 答案及解析一、单项选择题（每小题2分，共计60分） 1.答案：B 【解析】：B x x ⇒≤-≤-⇒≤≤112110. 2.答案：A【解析】：01ln )1ln()1ln()()(22==+++-+=-+x x x x x f x f A ⇒. 3. 答案：C【解析】： 1sin lim20-=-→xxx x C ⇒. 4.答案：B 【解析】：B nnn n n n n ⇒=+=+∞→∞→2]sin 32[lim sin 32lim .5.答案：B【解析】：B a a a ae xe xf ax x ax x x ⇒=⇒+===-=→→→1122lim 1lim)(lim 20200. 6. 答案：C 【解析】：xx f f f x f x x f x f x x )1()1()1()21(lim)1()21(lim00--+-+=--+→→ C f xf x f x f x f x x ⇒'=---+-+=→→)1(3)1()1(lim 2)1()21(lim 2007. 答案：A【解析】： A y x x x y ⇒==⇒=⇒='5,2422000. 8.答案：D【解析】： D t tt t dx dy ⇒-=-=2sin sin 222. 9.答案：B 【解析】：B xy x y x x yn n n ⇒=⇒+=⇒=--1ln 1ln )()1()2(. 10.答案：A【解析】：A y y y x x x x x x x x y x x x ⇒∞=-==⇒++-+=++--=-→-→±∞→2122lim ,4lim ,1lim )2)(1()3)(1(2332.11.答案：C 【解析】：由罗尔中值定理条件：连续、可导及端点的函数值相等C ⇒. 12.答案：C【解析】：C e y e y xx ⇒>=''<-='--0,0. 13.答案：D【解析】：D C e F e d e f dx e f ex x x x x⇒+-=-=⎰⎰-----)()()()(.14.答案：B【解析】：B C ex f e x f e x f x x x⇒+=⇒='⇒=-'++)1(21)1(212)()()12(.15.答案：B 【解析】：⎰baxdx arcsin 是常数，所以B xdx dxd ba ⇒=⎰0arcsin . 16.答案：C 【解析】：C x dx x ⇒-==++∞∞+⎰)21arctan 4(412arctan 4141112π.17.答案：D【解析】：由定积分的几何意义可得D 的面积为⎰-badx x g x f |)()(|D ⇒.18.答案：B【解析】：B n n n ⇒=⇒=+-⇒-⊥30943}3,43{}3,,1{. 19.答案：B 【解析】： B x f x x f x ⇒='⇒=1)1,()1,(. 20.答案：A【解析】：令xy e F yz F xyz ez y x F z z x z-='-='⇒-=222,),,(A z x z xy xyz yz xy e yz x z z ⇒-=-=-=∂∂⇒)12(222. 21.答案：A【解析】：222xydxxdy dy x xydx dz -++= A dy dx dx dy dy dx dz y x ⇒+=-++=⇒==2211.22.答案：A【解析】：,6)0,0(),(062,06222-=∂∂⇒=⇒=-=∂∂=-=∂∂xz y x y x y z x y x z ⇒=∂∂∂-=∂∂2,6222y x z yz 是极大值A ⇒. 23.答案：A【解析】：有二重积分的几何意义知：=⎰⎰Ddxdy 区域D 的面积为πA ⇒.24.答案：B【解析】：积分区域},0|),{(}0,0|),{(a x y a y y x x y a x y x D ≤≤≤≤=≤≤≤≤=B ⇒.25.答案：D【解析】：在极坐标下积分区域可表示为：}sin 20,20|),{(θπθθ≤≤≤≤=r r D ，在直角坐标系下边界方程为y y x 222=+，积分区域为右半圆域D ⇒26.答案：D 【解析】：L ：,1⎩⎨⎧-==xy xx x 从1变到0，⎰⎰⇒-=+=-+012)(D dx dx dy dx y x L .27.答案：C 【解析】：⇒<22sin n n ππ∑∞=π12sinn n 收敛C ⇒.28. 答案：A 【解析】：∑∞=0n nnx a在2-=x 收敛，则在1-=x 绝对收敛，即级数∑∞=-0)1(n n n a 绝对收敛A ⇒.29. 答案：C【解析】：dx xxdy y y ydx x ydy x sin cos sin cos 0sin cos cos sin -=⇒=+ C C y x C x y xxd y y d ⇒=⇒=+⇒-=⇒sin sin ln sin ln sin ln sin sin sin sin . 30.答案：C【解析】：-1不是微分方程的特征根，x 为一次多项式，可设xeb ax y -+=*)( C ⇒.二、填空题（每小题2分，共30分） 31.答案：1 【解析】：1)(sin 1|sin |=⇒≤x f x . 32.答案：123【解析】：=++=++--=--+→→→)31(1lim )31)(2()2(lim 231lim 2222x x x x x x x x x x x x 123341==. 33.答案：dx x2412+ 【解析】：dx xdy 2412+= . 34.答案：5,4==b a【解析】：b a b a b ax x x f -+-=-=+-⇒++='12,02323)(25,4==⇒b a . 35.答案：)1,1(-【解析】：)1,1(),(0662632-=⇒=-=''⇒+-='y x x y x x y . 36.答案：2 【解析】：2)1()1()()(=-=⇒=-g f C C x g x f 2)()(=-⇒x g x f .37.答案：323π【解析】：3202sin )sin (3023232π=+=+=+⎰⎰⎰⎰πππ-ππ-ππ-dx x xdx dx x dx x x .38.答案：32-e【解析】：⎰⎰⎰⎰--=--=+=====-201110012132)()1(e dx e dx x dt t f dx x f xt x .39.答案：3π【解析】：3,21663||||,cos π>=⇒<==⋅>=<b a b a b a b a .40.答案：x y z 222=+【解析】：把x y 22=中的2y 换成22y z +，即得所求曲面方程x y z 222=+. 41.答案：y x cos 21+【解析】： ⇒+=∂∂y x y x z sin 2y x y x z cos 212+=∂∂∂.42.答案：32-【解析】：⎰⎰⎰⎰⎰-=-=-=--D dx x dy x y dx dxdy x y 1211122322)()( . 43.答案：∑∞=+∞-∞∈-02),(,!1)1(n nnx x n 【解析】：∑∞=⇒=0!n n xn x e ∑∑∞=∞=-+∞-∞∈-=-==0022),(,!1)1(!)()(2n n n n n xx x n n x e x f .44.答案：)21ln(x+)22(≤<-x【解析】：∑∑∑∞=∞=-+∞=+++=-=+-=+-0111011)21ln()2()1(1)2()1(2)1()1(n n n n n n n n n n x n x n x n x , )22(≤<-x .45.答案：032=-'-''y y y【解析】：x x e C e C y 321+=-0323,1221=--⇒=-=⇒λλλλ032=-'-''⇒y y y .三、计算题（每小题5分，共40分）46．计算 xx e x xx 2sin 1lim 3202-→--.【解析】：20300420320161lim 3222lim 81lim 2sin 1lim2222x e x xe x x e x xx ex x x x x x x x x -=+-=--=---→-→-→-→ 161lim 161322lim220000-=-=-=-→-→x x x x e x xe . 47.求函数xx x y 2sin 2)3(+=的导数dxdy .【解析】：取对数得 ：)3ln(2sin ln 2x x x y +=，两边对x 求导得：x xx x x x x y y 2sin 332)3ln(2cos 2122++++=' 所以]2sin 332)3ln(2cos 2[)3(222sin 2x xx x x x x x x y x+++++=' x x x x x x x x x x x 2sin )32()3()3ln(2cos )3(212sin 222sin 2+++++=-.48.求不定积分⎰-dx xx 224.【解析】：⎰⎰⎰====⎰-==-=π<<π-dt t tdt tdt t tdx x x t x t )2cos 1(2sin 4cos 2cos 2sin 4422sin 22222C x x x C t t x C t t +--=+-=+-=242arcsin 2cos sin 22arcsin 22sin 22.49.计算定积分⎰--+102)2()1ln(dx x x . 【解析】：⎰⎰⎰+---+=-+=-+101010102)1)(2(12)1ln(21)1ln()2()1ln(dx x x x x x d x dx x x ⎰=-=+-+=++--=10102ln 312ln 322ln 12ln 312ln )1121(312ln x x dx x x .50.设),()2(xy x g y x f z ++= ，其中),(),(v u g t f 皆可微，求yz x z ∂∂∂∂,. 【解析】：xvv g x u u g x y x y x f x z ∂∂∂∂+∂∂∂∂+∂+∂+'=∂∂)2()2( ),(),()2(2xy x g y xy x g y x f v u'+'++'==∂∂∂∂+∂∂∂∂+∂+∂+'=∂∂yvv g y u u g y y x y x f y z )2()2(),()2(xy x g x y x f v '++'. 51．计算二重积分⎰⎰=Dydxdy x I 2， 其中D 由12,===x x y x y 及所围成.【解析】：积分区域如图06-1所示， 可表示为：x y x x 2,10≤≤≤≤. 所以 ⎰⎰⎰⎰==10222xxD ydy x dx ydxdy xI10310323)2(1051042122====⎰⎰x dx x y dx x xx .52．求幂级数nn nx n ∑∞=--+0)1()3(1【解析】： 令t x =-1，级数化为 nn nt n ∑∞=-+0)3(1，这是不缺项的标准的幂级数. 因为 313)3(11)3(1lim 1)3(1)3(1lim lim 11=--+-=+⋅-+-+==∞→+∞→+∞→nnn n n n n n n n n a a ρ， 故级数nn nt n ∑∞=-+0)3(1的收敛半径31==ρR ，即级数收敛区间为（-3，3）. 对级数nn nx n ∑∞=--+0)1()3(1有313<-<-x ，即42<<-x . xx故所求级数的收敛区间为），（42-. 53．求微分方程 0)12(2=+-+dy x xy dy x 通解. 【解析】：微分方程0)12(2=+-+dx x xy dy x 可化为 212xxy x y -=+'，这是一阶线性微分方程，它对应的齐次线性微分方程02=+'y x y 通解为2xCy =. 设非齐次线性微分方程的通解为2)(x x C y =，则3)(2)(xx C x C x y -'='，代入方程得 C x x x C x x C +-=⇒-='2)(1)(2.故所求方程的通解为2211xCx y +-=.四、应用题（每小题7分，共计14分）54. 某公司的甲、乙两厂生产同一种产品，月产量分别为y x ,千件；甲厂月生产成本是5221+-=x x C （千元），乙厂月生产成本是3222++=y y C （千元）.若要求该产品每月总产量为8千件，并使总成本最小，求甲、乙两厂最优产量和相应最小成本.【解析】：由题意可知：总成本8222221++-+=+=y x y x C C C ，约束条件为8=+y x .问题转化为在8=+y x 条件下求总成本C 的最小值 .把8=+y x 代入目标函数得 0(882022>+-=x x x C 的整数）.则204-='x C ，令0='C 得唯一驻点为5=x ，此时有04>=''C .故 5=x 是唯一极值点且为极小值，即最小值点.此时有38,3==C y . 所以 甲、乙两厂最优产量分别为5千件和3千件，最低成本为38千元.55.由曲线)2)(1(--=x x y 和x 轴所围成一平面图形,求此平面图形绕y 轴旋转一周所成的旋转体的体积. 【解析】：平面图形如图06-2所示,此立体可看作X 型区域绕y 轴旋转一周而得到。

2006年考研英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1. Use of English 2. Reading Comprehension 3. WritingSection I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points)The homeless make up a growing percentage of America’s population. 【B1】homelessness has reached such proportions that local government can’t possibly 【B2】.To help homeless people 【B3】independence, the federal government must support job training programs, 【B4】the minimum wage, and fund more low-cost housing. 【B5】everyone agrees on the numbers of Americans who are homeless. Estimates 【B6】anywhere from 600,000 to 3 million. 【B7】the figure may vary, analysts do agree on another matter: that the number of the homeless is 【B8】, one of the federal government’s studies 【B9】that the number of the homeless will reach nearly 19 million by the end of this decade. Finding ways to 【B10】this growing homeless population has become increasingly difficult. 【B11】when homeless individuals manage to find a 【B12】that will give them three meals a day and a place to sleep at night, a good number still spend the bulk of each day 【B13】the street. Part of the problem is that many homeless adults are addicted to alcohol or drugs. And a significant number of the homeless have serious mental disorders. Many others, 【B14】not addicted or men tally ill, simply lack the everyday 【B15】skills needed to turn their lives 【B16】. Boston Globe reporter Chris Reidy notes that the situation will improve only when there are 【B17】programs that address the many needs of the homeless. 【B18】Edward Blotkowsk, director of community service at Bentley College in Massachusetts, 【B19】it. “There has to be 【B20】of programs. What we need is a package deal”.1．【B1】A．IndeedB．LikewiseC．ThereforeD．Furthermore正确答案：A解析：这道题考查对上下文句子关系的把握。