2012 Special Review Issue of Cell on Human Disease

20201212年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题试卷一(Paper one)Part l Listening Comprehension(30%)Section ADirections:In this section you will hear fifteen short conversations between two speakers.At the end of each conversation,you will hear a question about what is said.The questionwill be read only once.After you hear the question,read the four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWERSHEET。

Listen to the following example.You will hear:Woman:I fell faint.Man:No wonder You haven't had a bite all day.Question:What's the matter with the woman?You will read:A.She is sick.B.She is bitten by an ant.C.She is hungry.D.She spilled her paint.Here C is the right answer.Sample AnswerA B●D Now let's begin with question number1.1. A.The woman's condition is critical.B.The woman has been picking up quite well.C.The woman's illness was caused by a mosquito bite.D.The woman won't see the doctor any more.2. A.A broken finger. B.A terrible cough.C.Frontal headaches.D.Eye problem.3. A.She needs a physical examination. B.She is in good health.C.It's good to have a doctor friend.D.It's good to visit the doctor.4. A.He prefers to take pills to get antioxidants.B.He prefers to get antioxidants from food.C.He doesn't mind eating a lot every day.D.He is overcautious sometimes.5. A.The blouse is a bargain. B.The blouse is too expensive.C.The blouse is colorful.D.The blouse is so fashionable.6. A.To queue for a ticket. B.To take man's offer.C.To buy a ticket online.D.To try an agency.17. A.She disagrees with the man.B.She couldn't agree with the man more.C.It's hard for them to fulfill their plans.D.It's impossible to get money from the Gates Foundation.8. A.One minute. B.Fifteen minutes.C.Half an hour.D.Five minutes.9. A.She is freezing cold. B.She is crazy about ice cream.C.She has a headache.D.She has brain fever.10. A.She can't wait for the man. B.She is very eager to see the man.C.She will go to the USA with the man.D.She expects the man to stay.11. A.A cold. B.A headache.C.A hoarse voice.D.Insomnia.12. A.To go to Susan for advice. B.To try to think like Susan.C.To break up with Susan.D.To have a date with Susan.13. A.She will become a famous singer soon. B.She will become an American idol.C.She will sign up for a talent show.D.She will surely stand out from the crowd.14. A.To take a month off work. B.To rest in bed as much as possible.C.To take some herbal medicine.D.To put on plaster.15. A.The Chinese face cream. B.The American face cream.C.The French perfume.D.The medication.Section BDirections:In this section you will hear three passages.After each one,you will hear five questions.After each question,read the four possible answers marked A,B,C and D.Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET. Passage One16. A.White blood cell count. B.Red blood cell count.C.X-ray.D.ECG.17. A.Too much work to do. B.A heavy load of studying.C.Her daughter's sickness.D.Her insufficient income.18. A.Leukemia. B.Gastric ulcer.C.Immune disease.D.Gastric influenza.19. A.Take the white tablets three times a day. B.Take the charcoal tablets three times a day.C.Take one or two white tablets at a time.D.Take two charcoal tablets a day.20. A.Stay off work. B.Drink plenty of liquids.C.Eat a lot of vegetables and fruit.D.Postpone your exercise when sick.Passage Two21. A.35million. B.34million. C.25million. D.20million.22. A.Author,professor and dreamer B.Writer,professor and insomniac.C.Author,psychologist and insomniac.D.Dramatist,psychologist and scientist.23. A.Sleeping in8-hour consolidated blocks.B.Sleeping during day time.C.Going to bed soon after dark.2D.Two blocks of4-hour sleep with a waking break.24. A.Because they have unnoticeable sleeping patterns.B.Because they sleep very little.C.Because they are insensitive.D.Because they can't complain.25. A.Sleep is highly variable,and wears out with age.B.Falling asleep is a gradual process.C.Sleeping less will help you lose weight.D.People need to sleep eight hours a day.Passage Three26. A.Eight-year-olds. B.Twelve-year-olds.C.Seventeen-year-olds.D.Adults.27. A.The use off MRI. B.The use of computer tasks.C.The three-way division of the subjects.D.The instructions given to the subjects.28. A.12-year-olds respond strongly to negative feedback.B.12-year-olds function the same as8-year-olds.C.8-year-olds function almost the same as adults.D.12-year-olds function almost the same as adults.29. A.Not bad. B.Excellent.C.Not so good.D.Got it wrong this time.30. A.Scientists. B.The general public.C.Teachers at the kindergarten.D.Children with Attention Deficit Disorder Part II Vocabulary(10%)Section ADirections:In this section all the statements are incomplete,beneath each of which there are four words or phrases marked A,B,C and D.Choose the word or phrase that can bestcomplete the statement and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.31.Her dietician suggested that_____diet and moderate exercise would help her recover soon.A.temperateB.temporaryC.tentativeD.tempting32.His health compels him to______in his early30s.e offB.knock offC.drop offD.pull off33.Two days later he regained his consciousness,forgetful of what had happened in the______A.transparencyB.transiencyC.tranceD.trace34.Despite financial belt-tightening this year,Christmas still represents a great time for_____A.arroganceB.surveillanceC.indulgenceD.turbulence35.A succession of______visits by the two countries'leaders have taken their relations out ofthe cooler over the past20months.A.reciprocalB.receptiveC.repulsiveD.Redundant36.The prime minister,beset by______support rate,made the decision to resign over theweekend to avoid a political vacuum.A.spontaneousB.strenuousC.soaringD.sluggish,337.Beijing Tourism Bureau has released a list of translations for2,753dishes and drinksto______public opinions.A.solicitB.perceiveC.conceiveD.investigate38.The greatest risk for rickets is in______breastfed infants who are not supplemented with400 IU of Vitamin D a day.A.exceptionallyB.practicallyC.exclusivelyD.proportionately39.The government is spending hundreds of billions extending the electricity_______to every remote village for the improvement of farmers'livelihoods.A.gridB.grantC.groveD.grandeur40.Social scientists believe that societies with a_______of young men without hope of marriage suffer from instability,violence and surges in crime.A.swarmageB.hatchC.gangD.surplusSection BDirections:In this section you each of the following sentences has a word or phrase underlined, beneath which are four words or phrases marked A,B,C and D.Choose the word orphrase which are best keep the meaning of the original sentence if it is substituted forthe underlined part.Then mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.41.She,a crazy fan,felt a tingle of excitement at the sight of Michael Jackson.A.glimpseB.gustC.panicD.pack42.She could never transcend her resentments against her mother's partiality for her brother.A.disciplineplainC.conquerD.defy43.One could neither trifle with a terror of this kind,nor compromise with it.A.belittleB.exaggerateC.ponderD.eliminate44.In light of his good record,the police accepted defense.A.In place ofB.In view ofC.In spite ofD.In search of45.City officials stated that workers who lied on their employment applications may be terminated.A.accusedB.punishedC.dismissedD.suspended46.An outbreak of swine flu outside of Mexico City was blamed for the deaths of more than a hundred people in April2009.A.attached toB.ascribed toposed ofD.related to47.When a forest goes ablaze,it discharges hundreds of chemical compounds,including carbon monoxide.A.puts outB.passes offC.pulls outD.sends out48.Unfortunately,the bridge under construction clasped in the earthquake,so they had to do thewhole thing again from scratch.A.from the beginningB.from now onC.from time to timeD.from the bottom49.Identical twin sisters have led British scientists to a breakthrough in leukemia research thatpromises more effective therapies with fewer harmful side-effects.A.administersB.nurturesC.inspiresD.ensures50.Radical environmentalists have blamed pollutants and synthetic chemicals in pesticides forthe disruption of human hormones.A.disturbanceB.distractionC.intersectionD.interpretation4Part III C l oze(10%)Directions:In this section there is passage with ten numbered blanked.For each blank,there are choices marked A,B,C and D listed below the passage.Choose the best answer andmark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.Dear Dr.Benjamin,Congratulations on your nomination as United States Surgeon General.Based on your extraordinary career and your commitment to51health disparities among underserved populations,no doubt your tenure will be marked by great progress toward the goal of improved health for all Americans.Each United States Surgeon General has the unique opportunity to create his or her own lasting legacy.Dr.Koop focused on smoking prevention.Dr.Satcher one of52mentors, released the first comprehensive report on mental health.We encourage you to build your own legacy53concept of prevention through healthy lifestyles--a legacy that is both sustainable and cost-effective.This also is an important issue for Members of Congress,many of whom believe that54prevention and wellness initiatives will bring down costs and help people lead healthier lives.The American College of Sports Medicine(ACSM)would be honored to partner with you on such an initiative.ACSM,the largest sports medicine and exercise science organization in the world,55 ready to work with you to increase healthy behaviors-especially physical activity--throughout the life span.During this crucial period of health system reform,we've been advocating for strategies that support preventive medicine not just through diagnostic testing,56promoting healthy, active behaviors that all Americans can achieve at little or no cost.In fact,ACSM already has a working agreement with the Surgeon General's office,focused on a series of healthy-lifestyle public service announcements for our Exercise Is Medicine TM program,a program that57calls on doctors to encourage their patients to incorporate physical activity and exercise into their daily routine.As you are58aware,physical activity can prevent and treat a host of chronic conditions--such as heart disease,type II diabetes,and obesity–that currently plague our country.Your example as59whose family has suffered from preventable disease and who demonstrates healthy lifestyles can be powerful indeed.Anytime either before or after your appointment is confirmed,we would60the opportunity to meet with you and your staff to discuss how we,along with other leading health organizations,can enhance the prevention paradigm through physical activity.Again,Dr,Benjamin,I extend our deepest congratulations and best wishes.Sincerely,James Pivarnik,Ph.D.,FACSMPresident,American College of Sports Medicine51. A.handle B.eliminate C.achieving D.addressing52. A.his own B.our own C.your own D.her own53. A.around B.above C.at D.across54. A.promoted B.promoting C.having been promoting D.having been promoted55. A.put B.got C.sits D.stands56. A.but for B.but that C.but by D.but also57. A.arguably B.excessively C.specifically D.exceptionally558. A.well B.better C.the very D.the most59. A.those B.one C.this D.it60. A.greet B.welcome C.deserve D.celebratePart IV Reading Comprehension(30%)Directions:In this part there are six passages,each of which is followed by five questions.For each question there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the best answerand mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.Passage OneAs the defining epidemic of a modem age notable for overconsumption and excess,obesity is hard to beat.The increased availability of high-fat,high-sugar foods,along with more sedentary lifestyles,has helped push the number of obese people worldwide to beyond400million,and the number of overweight to more than1.6billion.By2015,those figures are likely to grow to700 million and2.3billion respectively,according to the World Health Organization.Given the health implications--increased risk of heart disease,stroke,diabetes and some cancers--anything that helps people avoid piling on the pounds must be a good thing,right?Those who agree will no doubt welcome the growing success of researchers striving to develop"diet pills"that provide a technical fix for those incapable of losing weight any other way. Last week a study published in The Lancet showed that tesofensine,which works by inducing a sense of fullness,is twice as effective as any other drug at enabling patients to lose weight.There is no question that advances such as this are good news for those with a strong genetic predisposition to obesity.But for the rest of us it is dangerous to see treatment as a more effective solution than prevention.There are several reasons for this.For a start,the traditional ways of maintaining a safe weight,such as limiting what you eat,increase consumption of fruit and vegetables and taking more exercise,are beneficial for our health in many ways.Second,overindulgence in fatty foods has implications for the entire planet.Consider the deleterious environmental effects of the rising demand for meat.As demonstrated in our special issue on economic growth,technological fixes will not compensate for excessive consumption. Third,interfering with the brain circuits that control the desire for food can have an impact on other aspects of a person's personality and their mental and physical health.We need two approaches:more research into the genetics of obesity to understand why some people are more susceptible,and greater efforts to help people avoid eating their way to an early death.Cynics will say we've tried education and it hasn't worked.That is defeatist:getting people to change their behavior takes time and effort,held back as we are by our biological tendency to eat more than we need,and by the food industry's ruthless opportunism in exploiting that.Drugs will be the saving of a few--as a last resort.But the global obesity problem is one of lifestyle,and the solution must be too.61.In the first paragraph all the figures surrounding obesity reflect________A.a close link between growing obese and developing diseaseB.the inevitable diseases of modem civilizationC.the war against the epidemic we have lostD.the urgency of the global phenomenon62.When it comes to the recently reported diet pills,the author would say that________6A.drags are no replacement of preventionB.the technical advance is not necessarily good newsC.the technical fix does help reverse the obesity epidemicD.the mechanism of tesofensine still remains to be verified63.Which of the following can be referred to as the environmental perspective of the author'sargument?A.Belittling good health behavior.B.Imposing a heavy burden on our planet.C.Making trouble for our social environment.D.Having implications for mental and physical health.64.The author argues that we make greater efforts to help people fight against_________A.their biological overeating tendency and aggressively marketed foodsB.the development of diet pills as a technical fix for obesityC.their excuses for their genetic susceptibility to obesityD.the defeatism prevailing in the general populations65.Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?A.No Quick FixB.Disease of CivilizationC.Pursuing a Technical FixD.A War on Global ObesityPassage TwoAn abandoned airfield near a former Nazi concentration tramp may soon feature pagodas and Tai Chi parks.A$700million project aims to give Germany its own Chinatown22miles north of Berlin in the town of Oranienburg,housing2,000residents by2010.The investor group behind the scheme hopes the new Chinatown will attract tourists and business to rival the famed Chinatowns of San Francisco and New York by delivering an "authentic Chinese experience.""You'll be able to experience China,go out for a Chinese meal, and buy Chinese goods,"says Stefan Kunigam,managing director of Bandenburg-China -Project-Management GmbH.The project has attracted investors in both Germany and China,reports Christoph Lang of Berlin's Trade and Industry promotion Office."Chinese investors have already asked if we have a Chinatown here."He says."The cultural environment is very important for them.You cannot build a synthetic Chinatown."Germany is home to about72,000Chinese migrants(2002Federal Statistical Office figures), but the country has not had a Chinatown since the early1930s in Hamburg,when most of the city's2,000Chinese residents fled or were arrested by the Nazis.German's more-recent history with anti-foreigner extremism remains a problem even within the government,reports Deutsche Welle(DW),Germany's international broadcaster.DW notes that National Democratic Party lawmaker Holger Apfel's xenophobic(恐外的)comments about "state-subsidized Oriental mega-families"at first went largely uncriticized."Every fourth German harbors anti-foreigner sentiments,"DW quotes Miriam Gruss,a Free Democratic Party parliamentarian."Right-wing extremism is clearly rooted in the middle of society.It's not a minor phenomenon."The German government initiated a special youth for Democracy andTolerance program in January2007as part of its tolerance-building efforts.7While it is not clear how many Chinese migrants will ultimately settle in the new German Chinatown,developers hope the project will increase Germans'understanding for China and Chinese culture.66.If set up,according to the passage,the new German Chinatown will probably be_______A.a rival to the Chinatowns of San Francisco and New YorkB.mainly made of pagodas and Tai Chi parksC.located in the north suburbs of BerlinD.the biggest one in Germany67.When he says that you cannot build a synthetic Chinatown,Lang means_______A.the real imported goods made in ChinaB.the authoritative permission for the projectC.the importance of the location for a ChinatownD.the authentic environment to experience Chinese culture68.By mentioning the population of Chinese migrants in Germany,the author most probablymeans that_________A.it is too late to build a ChinatownB.it is their desire to save a ChinatownC.it is important to create jobs for themD.it is necessary to have a Chinatown there69.According to the passage,German anti-foreigner extremismA.can seed the new community with hatredB.could be an obstacle to the projectC.will absolutely kill the planD.is growing for the scheme70.The message from the plan is clear:A.to build a new communityB.to fight against right-wing extremismC.to promote more cultural understandingD.to increase Chinese's understanding of GermanyPassage ThreeThe American research university is a remarkable institution,long a source of admiration and wonder.The idyllic(田园诗的),wooded campuses,the diversity and energy of the student populations,and,most of all,the sheer volume of public and private resources available to nm them,have made them the envy of the world.Seen from the inside,however,everything is not quite so rosy.Setting aside the habitual complexity of medical schools,which have separate healthcare and finance issues,the structure of these institutions is straightforward and consistent.The bedrock of each university is a system of discipline-specific departments.The strength of these departments determines the success and prestige of the institution as a whole.This structure raises a few obvious questions.One is the relevance of the department-based structure to the way scientific research is done.Many argue that in a host of areas--ranging from computational biology and materials science to pharmacology and climate science--much of the most important research is now interdisciplinary in nature.And there is a sense that,notwithstanding years of efforts to adapt to this change by encouraging interdisciplinary collaboration,the department-based structure of the university is essentially at odds with such collaboration.8A second set of issues surrounds the almost static nature of the departmental system.In a country where most things are highly fluid,the fields covered by departments,as well as the pecking order(权势等级)between them,have remained largely unchanged for many years.Aspeople and money have flowed,particularly over the past twenty years,to the south and the southwest,the strongest US universities and departments remain embedded in the northeast and in California.League tables drawn up by the National Academy of Sciences and others show little movement in this pecking order,even over several decades.Another,perhaps more contentious,issue concerns the relevance of the modem research university to the community it serves.The established model,whatever else its strengths and weaknesses,reflects the desire of the middle classes for undergraduate training that prepares their offspring for a stable career.But how does it serve a society in which people may have to retrain and recreate their careers throughout their adult lives?71.The passage begins with the presentation of the American research university_______A.in a unique wayB.in a jealous toneC.in the eyes of outsidersD.out of personal admiration72.The traditional model of the US research university________A.determines the complexity of the single-discipline departmentB.is well established with competition among its departmentsC.ensures the success and prestige of each single departmentD.is characterized by the department-based structure73.The structure of the US research university,the author contends,needs to be stretched_____A.to change the way scientific research is done along the disciplineB.to promote individuality and creativity in doing scienceC.to address the current interdisciplinary challengesD.to advance the discipline-based department74.In addition to the department-based structure,the pecking order_______A.remains unchallenged as the name of the gameB.fosters unfair competition at the American institutionC.contributes to insufficient interdisciplinary collaborationD.makes uneven allocations of financial resource among the US universities75.What can be inferred from the question:But how does it serve a society in which people mayhave to retrain and recreate their careers throughout their adult lives?A.The American societal structure has an impact on that of the research university.B.College students need to be trained to be dedicated to the social value of science.C.The modem research university ought to change the way it serves the middle class.D.The established model serves as an obstacle to the best service of the society.Passage FourScience and politics make uncomfortable bedfellows.Rarely is this more true than in the case of climate change,where it is now time for emergency counseling.One point repeatedly made at last week's climate change congress in Copenhagen was that formulating an action plan to curb climate change is not a job of scientists.Politicians may be left scratching their heads over what to do,but at this stage climatescientists cannot provide more guidance than they did in the2007report from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change,for two reasons.9First,models will never provide a straightforward prediction of how the climate will change. As one Copenhagen delegate put it:"Tell me what the stock market will do in100years and I will tell you what the climate will do."Second as most climate scientists will agree,their role is not toformulate policy.They can provide more or less apocalyptic(大灾预测的)scenarios of what will happen if emissions hit certain thresholds,from burning forests to disappearing islands.But when politicians ask what is the absolute maximum amount of carbon dioxide we should allow to be pumped out,the answer is,invariably,how much risk do you want to take?There are ways out of the deadlock.As the major climate negotiations in December approach,scientists need to be able to take off their labcoats sometimes and speak as concerned citizens.Some may feel uncomfortable with blurting the line between science and activism,but they should be aware that no one understands the risks better than they do and no one is better placed to give informed opinions.Politicians,for their part,should stop begging climatologists for easy answers.What they need instead is a new breed of advisers to descend from the ivory towers of academia and join the climate fray–people who are willing and able to weight up the risks,costs and benefits of various degrees of action.If all else fails,there may still be the safety net of geoengineering.As we have said on several occasions,this option can no longer be dismissed as fantasy.Reputable scientists are discussing options among themselves and with policy-makers,but the fact that we are even considering it should spur governments to cut emissions,cut them deeply and cut them fast. Geoengineering is no get-out-of-jail-free card;it has dangers of its own.The military are already taking an interest,raising the spectre of climate weapons able to divert rainfall and bring drought. That is the last thing we want.76.In the case global warning,scientists_______A.tend to be more conservative than politiciansB.are in no position to offer a definite answerC.never trust politicians as in other casesD.feel incapable more than ever before77.Speaking of climate change,politicians______A.don't like it when scientists are indirectB.never see eye to eye with scientists thereC.seldom want to play the game with scientistsD.are left puzzled over the formulation of policy78.To bridge the gap between the two sides,according to the passage,scientists are supposedto_______A.act with more concern and enthusiasmB.discard their prejudice towards politiciansC.be definite enough to offer informed opinionsD.do as concerned citizens do in protecting environment79.For their part,politicians ought to be reasonable and_______A.pick up the right scientists for informed opinionsB.place policy and decision in the hands of scientistsC.receive reeducation in the ivory towers of academia10D.choose those who can provide a straightforward prediction80.The author reminds those who are talking about geoengineering of________A.the other alternatives in the matterB.the climate weapon as a double-edged swordC.the dangers of the fantasy among the reputable scientistsD.the urgency of emission reduction on the part of governmentsPassage FiveYou are what you eat notwithstanding,it is only recently that most consumers have become interested in the technical details of their food's composition,production and transport.With obesity and climate change now major concerns,and"localvore"and"food miles"entering the lexicon,shoppers are clamoring for information.And many food companies are happy to supply it, resulting in a dizzying array of multicolored labels and claims.But not everyone is happy.A proposed law in Indiana is the latest attempt in the United States to ban milk labels proclaiming that the cows from whence the milk came were not treated with recombinant bovine growth hormone(rBGH,also called recombinant bovine somatotropin or rbST).This hormone,produced by engineered bacteria,is virtually identical to the cow's own and can increase milk production by10-15%.There are two bad arguments for banning such labels.The f~t--that it is impossible to determine from the milk whether the cow was injected with rBGH--is the reason cited in the bill language.The second--that proliferation of"no rBGH"labels will train consumers to distrust the product--is the real motivation.The first argument can be disposed of easily:it is already illegal to make false claims about a product.The second argument may seem more convincing.There is no firm scientific evidence that injecting cows with rBGH affects human health in any way,but prevalent labeling touting the absence of rBGH would suggest to consumers that there are some differences.The mandating(颁布)of an additional phrase such as that agreed last month in Pennsylvania--"No significant difference has been shown between milk derived from rbST-treated and non-rbST-treated cows" ---ameliorates(减轻)this problem.There are good reasons not to ban accurate labels.More information means that consumers can be more discerning,and not just about their own health.They can vote with their purchases for farming practices they prefer.And if a company wants to use a technology with a bad reputation,it is the firm's responsibility to educate the consumer about why it is beneficial.If consumers choose irrationally to reject it,that is their prerogative(特权).Capitalism thrives on the irrationality of consumers,from their noted fear of smelling bad,to their preference for redness in apples,farmed salmon and fast-food signage(标记).Indeed,if consumers were suddenly to become rational,an economic cataclysm(大灾难) would result,as households in all the rich nations would cut their consumption to only what they really needed.Such a crash would no doubt make the current economic doldrums(萧条)look like the mildest hiccup(打嗝)。

《Electrophoresis》总计：《Electrophoresis》近期发表文章涉及电泳的基础原则、方法、应用和其他一些相关的液相分离技术，此期刊致力于扩大分离分析学科的影响。

以下是近年来每年杂志所收投稿数。

《Electrophoresis》杂志所收录的文章跨越生物和化学两个方向，期刊内的文章注重文章的新意和理论的分析和推导。

以下统计了2012年12月V olume 33 Issue 23内的文章分析方法。

研究内容及对象：《Electrophoresis》是一种国际期刊，刊载的文章包括电泳分离、液相分离（例如HPLC，LC，UHPLC，微流控技术）。

主要包括新兴或者改进的分析方法和实验准备方法，改良后的理论，电泳和液相分离技术在核酸、蛋白质、和其它大分子复合物的创新性应用。

此期刊并不收录标准电泳方法应用的文章。

从2000年以来，微流体和蛋白组学作为期刊的重要组成成分，其地位从2008年开始逐渐变得更加显著。

这两方面的文章不仅限于电泳相关的方法。

2011年纳米分析技术也进入期刊，它是一个新兴的拓展性领域。

色谱毛细管电泳CE&CEC（13篇）1. Growing trend of CE at the omics level: The frontier of systems biology –An updateE. Ban, S. H. Park, M.-J. Kang, H.-J. Lee, E. J. Song and Y. S. Y oo2. Recent advances in amino acid analysis by capillary electrophoresisV. Poinsot, M.-A. Carpe´ne´, J. Bouajila, P. Gavard, B. Feurer and F. Couderc3. Recent novel MEKC applications to analyze free amino acids in differentbiomatrices: 2009–2010S. Viglio, M. Fumagalli, F. Ferrari, A. Bardoni, R. Salvini, S. Giulianoand P. Iadarola 4. Recent advances in the application of CE to forensic sciences, an update overyears 2009–2011J. P. Pascali, F. Bortolotti and F. Tagliaro5.Recent advances in the analysis of antibiotics by CE and CECV. Pe´rez-Ferna´ndez, E. Domı´nguez-V ega, A. L. Crego, M. A´.Garcı´aand M. L. Marina6. Recent advances in the application of capillary electromigration methods forfood analysis and FoodomicsM. Castro-Puyana, V. Garcı´a-Can˜as, C. Simo´ and A. Cifuentes7. CE and CEC analysis of phytochemicals in herbal medicinesX.-j. Chen, J. Zhao, Y.-t.Wang, L.-q.Huang and S.-P. Li8. Capillary electrophoresis of natural products: Highlights of the last five years(2006–2010)H. R. Rabanes, A. M. Guidote Jr. and J. P. Quirino9. CE of inorganic species – A review of methodological advancements over2009–2010P. Kuba´nˇ and A. R. Timerbaev10. Recent developments and applications of EMMA in enzymaticand derivatization reactionsX. Hai, B.-f. Y ang and A. V an Schepdael11. Recent approaches in sensitive enantioseparations by CEL. Sa´nchez-Herna´ndez, M. Castro-Puyana, M. L. Marina and A. L. Crego12. Developments in coupled solid-phase extraction–capillary electrophoresis2009–2011R. Ramautar, G. J. de Jong and G. W. Somsen13. Organic monoliths for hydrophilic interaction electrochromatography/chromat ography and immunoaffinity chromatographyD. N. Gunasena and Z. El Rassi液相分离Liquid-phase-based separation（1篇）1. Liquid-phase-based separation systems for depletion, prefractionation andenrichment of proteins in biological fluids and matrices for in-depth proteomicsanalysis – An update covering the period 2008–2011S. Selvaraju and Z. El Rassi微流体和微型化Microfluidic&Miniaturisation（2篇）1. Surface modification for PDMS-based microfluidic devicesJ. Zhou, D. A. Khodakov, A. V. Ellis and N. H. V oelcker2. Recent advances in miniaturisation –The role of microchip electrophoresisin clinical analysisF. Shang, E. Guihen and J. D. Glennon基本资料期刊名ELECTROPHORESIS ELECTROPHORESIS出版周期Semimonthly出版ISSN0173-0835通讯方式WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH, PO BOX 10 11 61, WEINHEIM, GERMANY, D-69451 期刊主页网址/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)1522-2683在线投稿网址/elpho/其他相关链接Science Citation IndexScience Citation Index Expanded Current Contents - Life Sciences BIOSIS Previews虫友提供资料（ 8 人参与，3141 人阅读）偏重的研究方向色谱分析(1) 分析化学(1) 芯片技术(1)凝胶电泳(1) CE &CEC(1) CE(1) CEC(1) CE and CEC(1) Microfluidics andMiniaturization(1) Proteomics and 2-DE(1) 化学科学(1)投稿录用比例0%审稿速度平均2.5个月的审稿周期期刊“小木虫投稿价值”历年趋势图（投稿价值趋势图供投稿时选择参考。

是否禁止手机使用英语作文英文回答：It is a contentious issue whether cell phone usage should be banned or not. Proponents of a ban argue thatcell phones are a major distraction, can be harmful to health, and can lead to cyberbullying. They also argue that a ban would help students focus on their studies and improve their academic performance. Opponents of a ban argue that cell phones are a valuable tool that can be used for educational purposes, to stay connected with friends and family, and to access information. They also argue that a ban would be difficult to enforce and would infringe on students' privacy.Ultimately, the decision of whether or not to ban cell phones in schools is a complex one that must be made on a case-by-case basis. There are valid arguments to be made on both sides of the issue. Schools must weigh the potential benefits of a ban against the potential drawbacks beforemaking a decision.中文回答：手机使用是否应当被禁止，是一个有争议的话题。

Original ArticleSox11modulates neocortical development by regulating the proliferation and neuronal differentiation of cortical intermediate precursorsYongzhe Li,Jianjiao Wang,Yongri Zheng,Yan Zhao,Mian Guo,Yang Li,Qiuli Bao,Yu Zhang,Lizhuang Yang*, and Qingsong Li*Department of Neurosurgery,The2nd Affiliated Hospital,Harbin Medical University,Harbin150086,China*Correspondence address.Tel:þ86-451-86605040;E-mail:liqingsong1973@(Q.L.)/lizhuangyang@(L.Y.)Neural precursor cells play important roles in the neocor-tical development,but the mechanisms of neural progeni-tor proliferation,neuronal differentiation,and migration, as well as patterning are still unclear.Sox11,one of SoxC family members,has been reported to be essential for em-bryonic and adult neurogenesis.But there is no report about the roles of Sox11in corticogenesis.In order to in-vestigate Sox11function during cortical development,loss of function experiment was performed in this study. Knockdown of Sox11by Sox11siRNA constructs resulted in a diminished neuronal differentiation,but enhanced proliferation of intermediate progenitors.Accompanied with the high expression of Sox11in the postmitotic neurons,but low expression of Sox11in the dividing neural progenitors,all the observations indicate that Sox11induces neuronal differentiation during the neocor-tical development.Keywords neocortical development;neural stem cell; proliferation;neuronal differentiation;Sox11Received:March16,2012Accepted:April22,2012 IntroductionDuring the development of mammalian neocortex,neural precursor cells(NPCs),including radial glial cells and intermediate precursor(IP)cells,have been proven to play essential roles in neurogenic processes,such as prolifer-ation,neuronal differentiation,neuronal migration,lamin-ation,and patterning of neocortex[1–5].In the ventricular zone(VZ)of the cortical telencephalon where the cerebral cortex forms,radial glial cells divide symmetrically to maintain the neural progenitor population,or divide asym-metrically to give birth to one neural progenitor and one immature neuron;during the cortical neurogenesis,radial glial cells give rise to IP cells which migrate into the subventricular zone(SVZ)and the intermediate zone(IZ) where IP cells either directly differentiate into neurons and migrate radially into cortical plate(CP),or divide once or twice before differentiating into immature neurons[5–8]. Although many transcription factors and signaling path-ways have been proven to play important roles during these processes,there are still many uncovered mechanisms related to neocortical development.SRY-box(Sox)proteins are a family of transcription factors,which includes20family members defined as SoxA,B,C,D,E,F,G,H subpopulations[9,10].Among all Sox family members,SoxB and SoxC family members have been reported to be essential for NPC proliferation and differentiation[11–13].Sox11,together with Sox4and Sox12,belongs to SoxC subfamily,and is highly expressed in some subtypes of precursors and post-mitotic neurons [14,15].By in ovo electroporation in chicken neural tube, overexpression of Sox4or Sox11led to an induction of neuronal markers,whereas knockdown of Sox11expres-sion repressed the endogenous expression of these neuron-specific markers[14].In adult murine hippocampus,Sox11 has been demonstrated to be expressed in the doublecortin (DCX)-expressing precursor cells and immature neurons from adult neurogenic niche,and is required for neuronal differentiation in adult hippocampal neurogenesis[15,16]. Interestingly,Sox4and Sox11are also required for repro-gramming of astroglia into neurons[16].Furthermore, Sox4and Sox11have been identified as survival factors during spinal cord development[17].Although Sox11has been proven as an important tran-scription factor during the neural development and neurogen-esis,there is no report about its function during neocortical formation and development.In this study,in situ hybridiza-tion analysis of embryonic mouse brains showed that Sox11 was highly expressed in cortical post-mitotic neurons during embryonic development.Knockdown of Sox11expression by electroporating Sox11siRNA construct during cortical neurogenesis resulted in an impaired neuronal differentiationActa Biochim Biophys Sin2012,44:660–668|ªThe Author2012.Published by ABBS Editorial Office in association with Oxford University Press on behalf of the Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology,Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences.DOI:10.1093/abbs/gms045.Advance Access Publication11June2012Acta Biochim Biophys Sin(2012)|Volume44|Issue8|Page660 by guest on June 25, 2014 / Downloaded fromand enhanced proliferation of IP cells,suggesting its critical roles in the cortical development.Materials and MethodsAnimalFifteen CD1wild-type mice(Laboratory Animal Center, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute)were used in this study.For embryo staging,the midday of vaginal plug for-mation was regarded as embryonic day0.5(E0.5).All animal procedures used in this study were conducted under the Animal Protocol of Harbin Medical University.In situ hybridizationMouse Sox11mRNA fragment was amplified according to Sox11mRNA open reading frame(ORF)using the follow-ing primer pair:50-GCTGGAAGATGCTGAAGGAC-30 and50-GCTGCTTGGTGATGTTCTTG-30(amplification product size:582bp).Digoxygenin(DIG)-labeled anti-sense mRNA probe was produced by in vitro transcription. In situ hybridization on cryosections prepared by Leica cryostat(Leica,Wetzlar,Germany)was performed as described[18].Briefly,the sections were hybridized with hybridization buffer(1ÂSSC,50%formamide,0.1mg/ml salmon sperm DNA solution,1ÂDenhart,5mM EDTA, pH7.5)at658C overnight and washed with wash buffer (1ÂSSC,50%formamide,0.1%Tween-20).After block-ing for2h with blocking buffer(1ÂMABT,2%blocking solution,20%heat-inactivated sheep serum),sections were labeled with anti-DIG antibody(1:1500;Roche Diagnostics,Mannheim,Germany)at48C overnight and washed with1ÂMABT and staining buffer(0.1M NaCl, 5mM MgCl2,0.1M Tris-HCl,pH9.5),stained with BM purple(Roche)at room temperature until ideal intensity. The images of in situ hybridization were collected using a Leica digital camera under a dissection scope(Leica).Sox11siRNA construct cloningThe siRNA oligos against Sox11were designed according to mouse Sox11ORF and the protocol of pSilencer TM 1.0-U6siRNA Expression Vector(Ambion,Austin,USA). After annealing,siRNA oligos were inserted into the pSilencer1.0vector.Sox11siRNA constructs were mixed equally as cocktail for further in utero electroporation.In utero electroporationIn utero electroporation was performed as described[19]. Briefly,electroporation was conducted on E13.5embryo cortex,and the tissues were harvested24h later at E14.5or 4days later at E17.5.Plasmid DNAs were prepared using EndoFree Plasmid Maxi Kit(Qiagen,Valencia,USA) according to the manufacturer’s instructions,and diluted to 2.5m g/m l with loading dye.DNA solution was injected into the lateral ventricle of the cerebral cortex,and electro-porated for five50-ms pulses at35V using an ECM830 electrosquareporator(BTX,Hawthorn,USA).The follow-ing constructs were used:pSilencer and pSilencer–mSox11–siRNA cocktail.Western blot analysisProtein samples were harvested from the brain tissues elec-troporated with Sox11siRNA and empty pSilencer vector(only the green region)4days after electroporation atE17.5,and lysed with RIPA lysis buffer with protease in-hibitor mixture at48C for1h.The protein samples wereboiled in sodium dodecyl sulfate(SDS)loading buffer for5min before loading onto10%SDS-polyacrylamide elec-trophoresis gel at20m g/lane.After running the gel,pro-teins were transferred onto nitrocellulose membrane.For immunoblotting,membrane was blocked with5%non-fatmilk powder in PBST[phosphate-buffered saline(PBS)with0.05%Tween-20,pH7.4]and incubated at48C over-night with primary anti-rabbit antibodies against Sox11(1:1000;Abcam,Cambridge,USA)and Actin(1:500;Sigma-Aldrich,St Louis,USA).After washing with PBST, membrane was incubated with specific horseradish peroxidase-conjugated secondary antibody for1h at room temperature and followed by extended washes with PBST. Immunoblot reactions were visualized using chemilumines-cent substrate on the BioMax light films(Kodak, Rochester,USA).BrdU incorporationTo access proliferation of NPCs in developing cortex,onedose of BrdU(50m g/g body weight)was administrated by intraperitoneal(i.p.)injection to pregnant mice1h before sacrifice.Tissue preparation and immunohistochemistryMouse brains were in utero electroporated at E13.5and collected1or4days after electroporation at E14.5orE17.5.After fixed in4%paraformaldehyde in PBS at48C overnight,brain tissues were dehydrated by incubating in30%sucrose in PBS,and embedded in Tissue-Tek (Sakura,Torrance,USA)and stored at2808C until use.Brains were coronally sectioned(10m m/section for immu-nohistochemistry;16m m/section for in situ hybridization)by Leica cryostat(Leica).For immunohistochemistry,sections were incubated in heated(95–1008C)antigen recovery solution(1mM EDTA,5mM Tris,pH8.0)for15220min for antigen re-covery,and cooled down for20230min on ice.Before applying antibodies,sections were blocked in10%normalgoat serum in PBS with0.1%Tween-20for1h.Sectionswere incubated with primary antibodies at48C overnightand visualized using goat anti-rabbit IgG-Alexa-Fluor-488,Sox11regulates neural precursor proliferation and neuronal differentiationActa Biochim Biophys Sin(2012)|Volume44|Issue8|Page661by guest on June 25, 2014/Downloaded fromgoat anti-chicken IgG-Alexa-Fluor-488and/or goat anti-mouse IgG-Alexa-Fluor-546(1:200;Molecular Probes, Grand Island,USA)for2h at room temperature. 40,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole was used to fluorescently stain cell nuclei.Images were captured using a Leica digital camera under a fluorescent microscope(Leica). Following primary antibodies were used:anti-chicken anti-body anti-GFP(1:1000;Abcam);anti-rabbit antibodies anti-GFP(1:1000;Rockland,Gilbertsville,USA), anti-Ki67(1:500;Abcam),anti-Tbr2(1:500,Abcam), anti-Tbr1(1:500;Abcam),anti-Ctip2(1:1000;Abcam); anti-mouse antibodies anti-5-bromo-20-deoxyuridine (BrdU)(1:50;DSHB,Iowa City,USA),NeuN(1:300; Millipore,Billerica,USA),and Cux1(1:300;Santa Cruz Biotechnology,Santa Cruz,USA).Statistical analysisAt least three brains and at least three sections from each brain were collected for antibody labeling,cell counting, and statistical analysis.Positive cells were counted in the same-width electroporated cortical region.The percentage of double-positive cells for cell type markers and green fluorescent protein(GFP)in total GFP-positive cells were presented in this study.Statistical analysis was performed by unpaired Student’s t-test,and data were presented as mean+standard deviation(SD).ResultsSox11is highly expressed in post-mitotic neuronsIn situ hybridization analysis was performed to investigate the expression pattern of Sox11during neocortical devel-opment.Results showed that at E12.5,Sox11was highly expressed in the early-born neurons in the cortex and gan-glionic eminence,while weakly expressed in the proliferat-ing regions VZ and SVZ[Fig.1(A,A0)].At E15.5,Sox11 is highly expressed in two layers among cortex—early-born neurons,which localized near the IZ,and late born neurons,which localized near to the top of the CP.Among the VZ and SVZ,Sox11was weakly expressed in these neurogenic regions[Fig.1(B,B0)].Sox11siRNA construct cocktail efficiently knockdowns Sox11expression in the developing cortexBased on Sox11mRNA coding region,two Sox11siRNA oligos were designed according to Ambion pSilencer TM 1.0-U6siRNA Expression Vector protocol[Fig.2(A)]and cloned into pSilencer1.0vector.To test knockdown effect, two Sox11siRNA constructs were mixed as cocktail,and electroporated into E13.5murine cortex.The empty pSilencer vector was electroporated as control.Four days after electroporation,the electroporated brain tissues(green regions under a fluorescence microscope)were harvested and proteins were extracted for western blot analysis [Fig.2(B)].Western blot results showed that Sox11siRNA cocktail largely inhibited the Sox11expression in the em-bryonic cortex after electroporation[Fig.2(C)]. Knockdown of Sox11enhances the proliferation of intermediate progenitorsThe effect of Sox11-knockdown on neural progenitor pro-liferation is tested by electroporating Sox11siRNA cocktail into E13.5mouse embryos,and brains were collected24h after electroporation.One hour before sacrifice of mice, one dose of BrdU was i.p.injected into mice to label the dividing progenitors[Fig.3(A)].Antibody against GFP was applied to label the electroporated cells;antibodies against BrdU(to labels the S phase of cell cycle)and Ki67 (to labels the all cell cycle except G0)were applied to immunostain proliferating cells;antibody recognizing Tbr2 was applied to mark IP cells.Results showed that compared with the brain tissues electroporated with empty vector,those electroporated with Sox11siRNA have significant higher percentage of both BrdUþ/GFPþcells(38.0%+4.0%versus30.6%+1.8%; n¼23)[Fig.3(B)]and Ki67þ/GFPþcells(44.3%+3.2% versus32.6%+2.8%;n¼23)[Fig.3(C)]in total GFPþcells,and the percentage of Tbr2þ/GFPþdouble-positive cells in total GFPþcells in Sox11-knockdown groupwas Figure1Expression pattern of Sox11during the mouse cortical development In situ hybridization analysis of Sox11expression was performed in embryonic day12.5(E12.5)murine cortex(A and A0), E15.5murine cortex(B and B0).Scale bar:500m m in A and B;100m m in A0and B0.Sox11regulates neural precursor proliferation and neuronal differentiationActa Biochim Biophys Sin(2012)|Volume44|Issue8|Page662 by guest on June 25, 2014 / Downloaded fromalso higher than empty vector group (45.8%+2.9%versus 35.2%+2.9%;n ¼23)[Fig.3(D)],suggesting that knockdown of Sox11results in an increased proliferation of IP.Since knockdown of Sox11caused enhanced neural progenitor proliferation,it will be very interesting to inves-tigate whether knockdown of Sox11could also affect neur-onal differentiation.Knockdown of Sox11impairs neuronal differentiation by keeping neural precursors in cell cycleBy electroporating Sox11siRNA construct cocktail into E13.5mouse brains,the effect of loss of function of Sox11on neuronal differentiation was analyzed 4days after elec-troporation [Fig.4(A)].Antibody against GFP was applied to label electroporated cells.Antibodies against different neuronal markers NeuN (to label total mature neurons),Tbr1(to label early-born neurons in layer VI),Ctip2(to label neurons in layer V),and Cux1(to label late-born pyr-amidal neurons of the upper layers II–IV)were applied to label mature neurons at different CP layers.The percen-tages of Ki67þ/GFP þ,and Tbr2þ/GFP þdouble-labeled cells in the total electroporated GFP þcells were also ana-lyzed to determine what percentage of electroporated cells still stays in progenitor status 4days after electroporation.Results showed that 4days after electroporation,murine brains electroporated with Sox11siRNA construct cocktail have remarkable less NeuN þ/GFP þ(17.7%+3.2%versus 28.3%+5.4%;n ¼12)[Fig.4(B)],Ctip2þ/GFP þ(11.3%+1.1%versus 14.3%+2.5%;n ¼12)[Fig.4(C)],Tbr1þ/GFP þ(16.9%+1.5%versus 22.8%+2.8%;n ¼12)[Fig.4(D)],and Cux1þ/GFP þ(44.3%+1.9%versus 48.1%+2.9%;n ¼12)[Fig.4(E)]double-positive cells in total GFP þcells compared with the control brains electropo-rated with empty vector.At the meantime,the percentages of Ki67þ/GFP þ(29.3%+3.4%versus 24.0%+2.4%;n ¼15)[Fig.5(A,B)]and Tbr2þ/GFP þ(26.8%+1.9%versus 22.5%+1.8%;n ¼14)[Fig.5(C,D)]double-positive cells in total GFP þcells from the Sox11siRNA-electroporating group were significantly higher than those in the control group.Interestingly,both in SVZ (25.2%+2.0%versus 22.0%+1.4%;n ¼14)[Fig.5(E)]and IZ (1.7%+1.7%versus 0.4%+1.0%;n ¼14)[Fig.5(E)],the percentages of Tbr2þ/GFP þcells in total GFP þcells from Sox11-knockdown group were higher than those in the control group.All these observations suggest that knockdown of Sox11results in an impaired neuronal differentiation,but increased neural progenitor pool.DiscussionSox proteins are a family of transcription factors with high-mobility group-type DNA-binding domain,and have been subdivided into eight subfamilies A–H [10,20].Among all Sox proteins,SoxB1proteins,including Sox1,Sox2,and Sox3,have been shown to participate in maintenance of undifferentiation status of embryonic and adult neural stem cells (NSCs)[21].SoxE proteins,including Sox8,Sox9,and Sox10,are expressed and play their roles inneuralFigure 2Sox11siRNA constructs knockdown the expression of Sox1124h after in utero electroporation in E13.5murine brains (A)Sox11siRNA oligo sequences.(B)The schematic description of in utero electroporation.(C)Western blot analysis of Sox11expression in brain tissues electroporated with Sox11siRNA constructs in comparison with the brain tissues electroporated with empty vector pSilencer.Antibody against actin was used to demonstrate equal protein loading.Sox11regulates neural precursor proliferation and neuronal differentiationActa Biochim Biophys Sin (2012)|Volume 44|Issue 8|Page 663by guest on June 25, 2014/Downloaded fromcrest cells [22,23].SoxC proteins,including Sox4,Sox11,and Sox12,are expressed in both central nervous system (CNS)and peripheral nervous system,and play roles in the establishment of neuronal properties [14,24–26].High-throughput RNA sequencing analysis of transcrip-tome profiling of embryonic and neonatal murine cortex revealed that SoxC proteins,Sox4and Sox11,were highly expressed in the embryonic stage,a neurogenic period,rather than postnatal stage [27].Immunohistochemical ana-lysis of SoxC proteins revealed that Sox11as well as Sox4were co-expressed in the neurogenic region in the embry-onic and adult murine brain,such as the SVZ of the lateralventricle,the subgranular zone of the hippocampal dentate gyrus,and the rostral migratory stream [15,16].Further in-vestigation showed that Sox11was expressed in DCX-expressing precursor cells and immature neurons in the adult neurogenic niches [15,16].In this study,to inves-tigate functions of Sox11in the neocortical development,the expression pattern of Sox11was analyzed during the embryonic neocortical development using in situ hybridiza-tion technique.At E12.5,the starting time point of cortical neurogenesis,Sox11was highly expressed in the upper layer of cerebral cortex,which is formed by the early-born immature neurons and some NPCs.At E15.5,the peakofFigure 3Knockdown of Sox11results in an enhanced proliferation of intermediate procursors (A)The schematic description of in utero electroporation for proliferation assay.E13.5mouse embryonic brains were electroporated and collected 24h later at E14.5.One hour before sacrifice,one dose of BrdU was i.p.injected to label the proliferating cells.(B–D)Photomicrographs and quantification of percentage of BrdU þ/GFP þ(yellow)double-positive cells (B),Ki67þ/GFP þ(yellow)double-positive cells (C),and Tbr2þ/GFP þ(yellow)double-positive cells (D)in total GFP þ(green)cells.Statistical significance was assessed by Student’s t -test.***P ,0.001.Scale bar:50m m.Sox11regulates neural precursor proliferation and neuronal differentiationActa Biochim Biophys Sin (2012)|Volume 44|Issue 8|Page 664by guest on June 25, 2014/Downloaded fromcortical neurogenesis,Sox11was highly expressed in the top of the CP,formed by late-born neurons,lower layer of CP,formed by early-born neurons,as well as IP,formed by immature neurons and IP cells.All these observations indicated that Sox11might be involved in corticalneurogensis.Figure 4Knockdown of Sox11results in an impaired neuronal differentiation (A)The schematic description of in utero electroporation for neuronal differentiation assay.E13.5mouse embryonic brains were electroporated and collected 4days later at E17.5.(B–E)Photomicrographs and quantification of percentage of NeuN þ/GFP þ(yellow)double-positive cells (B),Tbr1þ/GFP þ(yellow)double-positive cells (C),Ctip2þ/GFP þ(yellow)double-positive cells (D),and Cux1þ/GFP þ(yellow)double-positive cells (E)in total GFP þ(green)cells.Statistical significance was assessed by Student’s t -test.***P ,0.001.Scale bar:100m m.Sox11regulates neural precursor proliferation and neuronal differentiationActa Biochim Biophys Sin (2012)|Volume 44|Issue 8|Page 665by guest on June 25, 2014/Downloaded fromPrevious studies showed that as a transcription factor induced by proneural protein basic helix-loop-helix as NPCs develop into immature neurons,Sox11plays important role in embryonic and adult neurogenesis [14].Overexpressing Sox11in the VZ of chicken spinal cord resulted in a strong ectopic expression of neuronal markers Tuj1and MAP2,while knocking down the expression of Sox11showed op-posite effects,leading to a suppression of endogenous ex-pression of multiple neuronal markers [14].All these indicated the essential roles of Sox11in the neurogenesis.In another study,overexpressing Sox11in in vitro cultured adult NSCs by retrovirus resulted in an increased generation of DCX þimmature neurons,and promoted neurogenesis of adult NSCs [15].Furthermore,using transgenic mouse model as well as retrovirus system,Lie’s group hasdemonstrated the roles of SoxC,including Sox4and Sox11,in the neurogenesis in adult hippocampus [16].Deletion of Sox4/Sox11inhibited the neurogenesis of adult hippocampal NSCs both i n vitro and in vivo ,whereas ectopic expression of Sox4and Sox11promoted neurogenesis of cultured adult hippocampal precursors in vitro [16].Lie’s group observed that under in vitro culture condition,deletion of Sox4and Sox11led to a decreased proliferation of differentiating adult NSCs,while in vivo in adult hippocampus,many Sox4/Sox11-deficient cells also expressed stem/precursor marker Sox2,but not proliferation marker Ki67,IP marker Tbr2,nor astroglial marker glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)[16].They suggested that Sox4/Sox11-deleted cells remained a non-proliferative,GFAP 2,but Sox2-expressing status,but cell fate of these cells remainedunclear.Figure 5Knockdown of Sox11keeps neural progenitors stay in proliferation status during neurogenesis.(A,B)Photomicrographs and quantification of percentage of Ki67þ/GFP þ(yellow)double-positive cells in total GFP þ(green)cells.(C,D)Photomicrographs and quantification of percentage of Tbr2þ/GFP þ(yellow)double-positive cells in total GFP þ(green)cells.(E)Quantification of percentage of Tbr2þ/GFP þ(yellow)double-positive cells in total GFP þ(green)cells at the IZ and the SVZ.(F)Summary of Sox11functions during the embryonic cortical development.Radial glial cell was shown as green;IP cell was shown as yellow;neuron was shown as red.Statistical significance was assessed by Student’s t -test.*P ,0.05;***P ,0.001.Scale bar:100m m.Sox11regulates neural precursor proliferation and neuronal differentiationActa Biochim Biophys Sin (2012)|Volume 44|Issue 8|Page 666by guest on June 25, 2014/Downloaded fromAlthough the function of SoxC proteins,including Sox11,in neurogenesis has been demonstrated in different species and different neural regions,there is no report about roles of Sox11in neocortical development.In this study,loss of function of Sox11has been performed using siRNA and in utero electroporation technique to investigate roles of Sox11in neurogenesis during corticogenesis. Similar to the previous reports,knockdown of Sox11 caused a diminished neuronal differentiation:4days after knockdown of Sox11,the percentages of different neuronal markers,including NeuN,Tbr1,Ctip2,and Cux1,positive cells in total electroporated cells were significantly decreased compared with the control group.Interestingly, more Ki67þand Tbr2þcells were observed in Sox11-knockdown cells4days after electroporation. Analysis of the percentage of Tbr2þ/GFPþcells from the SVZ and the IZ separately showed that not only in SVZ, but also in the IZ,Sox11-knockdown cells had more Tbr2þco-expressed cells than empty vector-electroporated cells.Proliferation analysis was performed1day after elec-troporation.Ki67þ,Tbr2þ,as well as S-phase marker BrdUþcells were counted,which showed knockdown of Sox11led to an enhanced proliferation of IP cells in Sox11-ablated cells in the developing cortex.All these observations indicated that during neocortical formation, suppressing the expression of Sox11could keep Sox11-abalated cells stay in the proliferating and NPC status[Fig.5(F)].Our observation of the function of Sox11on neurogenesis is consistent with the results of pre-vious studies from different groups.But regarding the effects of Sox11on proliferation and cell fate,our results were not completely identical with theirs,which might be due to different cell origins,different developing stages, and detection methods.It has been shown that SoxC pro-teins,Sox4,Sox11,and Sox12,are expressed complemen-tary to stem/precursor markers SoxB1proteins,Sox1, Sox2,and Sox3:all three SoxB1proteins are expressed in most neural progenitors in developing and adult CNS,and maintain them in a precursor state.SoxC proteins are mostly expressed in post-mitotic differentiating neurons, and induce expression of different neuronal markers Tuj1 and MAP2[14,28].Further investigation using chromatin immunoprecipitation technique revealed that SoxC proteins share a high number of target genes with SoxB1proteins, suggesting that SoxC proteins and SoxB1proteins modu-late cell fate of NPCs via a common sets of target genes involved in CNS development,including Sox proteins, Notch signaling molecules,Wnt protein,transforming growth factor-b family members,fibroblast growth factors and Pax transcription factors[28].Further real-time PCR analysis revealed that among these shared target genes, ectopic expression of SoxB1protein upregulated the ex-pression of NPC genes,while forced expression of SoxC resulted in an increased expression of neuronal genes,and competitive binding activities of SoxB1and SoxC balancethe transition between NPCs and post-mitotic neurons[28]. Together with the findings from Lie’s group—many Sox4/Sox11-deficient cells also expressed stem/precursor markerSox2—knockdown of Sox11maintain NPCs in undifferenti-ated state.Further investigation of spatiotemporal expressionand functions of Sox11at different neural regions and differ-ent developing periods is expected to allow insights intoSox11-regulating neural development and neural disorders. FundingThis work was supported by a grant from the DoctoralFund of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University(1352008-17).References1Gage FH.Mammalian neural stem cells.Science2000,287:1433–1438.2Go¨tz M and Barde YA.Radial glial cells defined and major intermediatesbetween embryonic stem cells and CNS neurons.Neuron2005,46:369–372.3Merkle FT and Alvarez-Buylla A.Neural stem cells in mammalian devel-opment.Curr Opin Cell Biol2006,18:704–709.4Temple S.The development of neural stem cells.Nature2001,414:112–117.5Go¨tz M and Huttner WB.The cell biology of neurogenesis.Nat Rev MolCell Biol2005,6:777–788.6Gupta A,Tsai LH and Wynshaw-Boris A.Life is a journey:a geneticlook at neocortical development.Nat Rev Genet2002,3:342–355.7Nadarajah B and Parnavelas JG.Modes of neuronal migration in the devel-oping cerebral cortex.Nat Rev Neurosci2002,3:423–432.8Kriegstein AR and Noctor SC.Patterns of neuronal migration in the em-bryonic cortex.Trends Neurosci2004,27:392–399.9Guth SI and Wegner M.Having it both ways:Sox protein function betweenconservation and innovation.Cell Mol Life Sci2008,65:3000–3018.10Bowles J,Schepers G and Koopman P.Phylogeny of the SOX family of developmental transcription factors based on sequence and structural indi-cators.Dev Biol2000,227:239–255.11Wegner M.SOX after SOX:SOXession regulates neurogenesis.Genes Dev2011,25:2423–2428.12Bylund M,Andersson E,Novitch BG and Muhr J.Vertebrate neurogenesis is counteracted by Sox1-3activity.Nat Neurosci2003,6:1162–1168.13Sandberg M,Ka¨llstro¨m M and Muhr J.Sox21promotes the progression of vertebrate neurogenesis.Nat Neurosci2005,8:995–1001.14Bergsland M,Werme M,Malewicz M,Perlmann T and Muhr J.The estab-lishment of neuronal properties is controlled by Sox4and Sox11.GenesDev2006,20:3475–3486.15Haslinger A,Schwarz TJ,Covic M and Chichung Lie D.Expression of Sox11in adult neurogenic niches suggests a stage-specific role in adultneurogenesis.Eur J Neurosci2009,29:2103–2114.16Mu L,Berti L,Masserdotti G,Covic M,Michaelidis TM,Doberauer K and Merz K,et al.SoxC transcription factors are required for neuronal dif-ferentiation in adult hippocampal neurogenesis.J Neurosci2012,32:3067–3080.17Thein DC,Thalhammer JM,Hartwig AC,Crenshaw EB,III,Lefebvre V, Wegner M and Sock E.The closely related transcription factors Sox4andSox11regulates neural precursor proliferation and neuronal differentiationActa Biochim Biophys Sin(2012)|Volume44|Issue8|Page667by guest on June 25, 2014/Downloaded from。

03-Jan-202003-Jan-2020 NO:20202011Product Name wsrriors 18650 2000MAH 3.7V Lithium-ion battery warriors 18650 2000MAH 3.7V Lithium-ion battery SAFETY DATA SHEETHCS-2012 APPENDIX D TO §1910.1200Version 1Issue Date Product Name Revision date _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________1. IDENTIFICATION OF THE SUBSTANCE/MIXTURE AND OF THE COMPANY/UNDERTAKINGProduct identifierOther means of identification Product Code Voltage: 3.7VAmpere hour: 100MAHRecommended use of the chemical and restrictions on use Recommended Use Power supply Uses advised against No information availableDetails of the supplier of the safety data sheet Supplier Suzhou Xinlvzhou Electronics Co., Ltd Address No. 158 Sanji Road, Xiangcheng District, Suzhou, Jiangsu Postal Code 215131 Phone +86-512-68702665 FAX +86-512-68669435 E-mail ***********************.cnEmergency telephone number +86-512-687026652. HAZARDS IDENTIFICATIONGHS Classification Not classifiedLabel elementsSymbols/Pictograms None Signal word None Hazard Statements Not classified Precautionary Statements Prevention None Response None Storage None Disposal NoneHazards not otherwise classified (HNOC)Batteries may vent, ignite and produce sparks when subjected to high temperature, when damaged or abused(e.g., mechanical damage); may burn rapidly with flare-burning effect; may ignite other batteries in clothes proximity.This product should not present a health hazard when used under reasonable conditions. If contact with the internal components of the battery may be irritating to skin, eyes and mucous membranes. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Burning batteries may produce toxic hydrogen fluoride gas. Fumes may cause dizziness or suffocation.If the battery is discarded into the environment, the harmful contents inside may be dangerous.Unknown acute toxicity No information available3. COMPOSITION/INFORMATION ON INGREDIENTSChemical nature MixtureChemical Name CAS No Weight-% Lithium Cobalt Oxide (CoLiO2) 12190-79-3 40Aluminum foil 7429-90-5 29Carbon black 1333-86-4 21Copper 7440-50-8 8 Phosphate(1-), hexafluoro-, lithium 21324-40-3 24. FIRST AID MEASURESDescription of first aid measuresGeneral advice No effect under routine handling and use. If exposure to internal materials withincells due to damaged outer metal casing, the following actions are recommended.Inhalation If inhaled, remove from exposure and move to fresh air immediately. Rinse mouthand nose with water. Get medical aid immediately. DO NOT use mouth-to-mouthresuscitation. If breathing has ceased apply artificial respiration using oxygen anda suitable mechanical device.Skin Contact In case of contact, immediately flush skin with copious amounts of water for atleast 15 minutes while removing contaminated clothing and shoes. Wash clothingand shoes before reuse. Get medical aid.Eye contact Rinse immediately with plenty of water during at least 15-30 minutes, occasionallylifting the upper and lower eyelids. Check for and remove any contact lenses ifeasily possible. DO NOT rubbing eyes with hand. Get medical aid immediately.Ingestion Do not induce vomiting. If the injured is fully conscious: wash mouth out withwater, then give 2-4 cupfuls of milk or water. Never give anything by mouth to anunconscious person. Get medical aid immediately.Most important symptoms and effects, both acute and delayedSee Section 11 for more information.Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment neededTreat symptomatically and supportively.5. FIRE-FIGHTING MEASURESExtinguishing mediaSuitable extinguishing media Use extinguishing measures that are appropriate to local circumstances and thesurrounding environment.Unsuitable extinguishing media No information available.Specific hazards arising from the chemicalToxic vapor may release in case of fire. Thermal shock may cause battery case to crack open. Containers may explode when heated. Firefighting water runoff and dilution water may be toxic and corrosive and may cause adverse environmental impacts. On some bad using conditions (e.g., mechanical damage, external short circuit.) and in case of a bad functioning, some electrolyte can be removed from the cell by the security vent. Exposure to the ingredients contained within the battery pack could be harmful under some circumstances.Protective equipment and precautions for firefightersAs in any fire, wear self-contained breathing apparatus pressure-demand, MSHA/NIOSH (approved or equivalent) and full protective gear. Evacuate personnel to safe areas.6. ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURESPersonal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures_____________________________________________________________________________________________Toxic vapor may release in case of fire. Thermal shock may cause battery case to crack open. Containers may explode when heated. Firefighting water runoff and dilution water may be toxic and corrosive and may cause adverse environmental impacts. On some bad using conditions (e.g., mechanical damage, external short circuit.) and in case of a bad functioning, some electrolyte can be removed from the cell by the security vent. Exposure to the ingredients contained within the battery pack could be harmful under some circumstances.Methods and material for containment and cleaning upAvoid dispersal of spilled material and runoff and contact with soil, water ways, drains and sewers.Remove all sources of ignition or heat. Stop leak if safe to do so. Move containers from spill area. Carefully collect undamaged batteries in a clean, dry and appropriate container for reuse or disposal. If electrolyte leaks or spills, collect all released material in an appropriate container before proper disposal.7. HANDLING AND STORAGEPrecautions for safe handlingThis product should be stored, handled and used in accordance with good industrial hygiene practices and in conformity with any legal regulation. Eating, drinking and smoking should be prohibited in areas where this material is handled, stored and processed. Wash hands, forearms and face thoroughly after handling chemical products, before eating, smoking and using the lavatory and at the end of the working period.Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilitiesStore in a cool and dry area, but prevent condensation on cell or battery terminals. High temperature may damage the performance of the battery. Protect from physical damage and short circuits. To avoid risk of fire or explosion, keep sparks and other sources of ignition away from the battery. Do not allow metal objects to simultaneously contact both positive and negative terminal of batteries. Do not stack battery directly on another battery. Do not store batteries on electrically conductive surfaces.8. EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTIONControl parametersChemical Name ACGIH TLV OSHA PEL NIOSH IDLH Denmark European Union Lithium Cobalt Oxide(CoLiO2) (CAS #:12190-79-3)TWA: 0.02 mg/m3Co - - TWA: 0.01 mg/m3-Aluminum foil (CAS #: 7429-90-5)TWA: 1 mg/m3respirable fractionTWA: 15 mg/m3 totaldustTWA: 5 mg/m3respirable fraction(vacated) TWA: 15mg/m3 total dust(vacated) TWA: 5mg/m3respirablefraction (vacated)TWA: 5 mg/m3 AlAluminumTWA: 10 mg/m3total dustTWA: 5 mg/m3respirable dust TWA: 5mg/m3AlTWA: 5 mg/m3TWA: 2 mg/m3-Carbon black (CAS #: 1333-86-4)TWA: 3 mg/m3inhalable fraction- IDLH: 1750 mg/m3TWA: 3.5 mg/m3TWA: 0.1 mg/m3Carbon black inpresence of Polycyclicaromatic hydrocarbonsPAHTWA: 3.5 mg/m3-Copper (CAS #: 7440-50-8) TWA: 0.2 mg/m3fume TWA: 1 mg/m3Cu dust and mist - IDLH: 100 mg/m3dust, fume and mistIDLH: 100 mg/m3 Cudust and mistTWA: 1 mg/m3 dustand mistTWA: 0.1 mg/m3fume TWA: 1 mg/m3Cu dust and mistTWA: 1.0 mg/m3TWA: 0.1 mg/m3-Phosphate(1-), hexafluoro-,lithium (CAS #: 21324-40-3)TWA: 2.5 mg/m3F - - TWA: 2.5 mg/m3-_____________________________________________________________________________________________Chemical Name Latvia France Finland Germany Italy Lithium Cobalt Oxide(CoLiO2) (CAS #:12190-79-3)- TWA: 0.02 mg/m3Skin -Aluminum foil (CAS #: 7429-90-5) TWA: 2 mg/m3TWA: 10 mg/m3TWA: 5 mg/m3TWA: 1.5 mg/m3 TWA:4mg/m3TWA: 1.5 mg/m3-Carbon black (CAS #: 1333-86-4) TWA: 3.5 mg/m3 TWA:3.5mg/m3STEL: 7 mg/m3Skin -Copper (CAS #: 7440-50-8) TWA: 0.5 mg/m3STEL: 1 mg/m3TWA: 0.2 mg/m3TWA: 1 mg/m3STEL: 2 mg/m3TWA: 1 mg/m3TWA: 0.1 mg/m3TWA: 0.01 mg/m3Ceiling / Peak: 0.02mg/m3 Ceiling / Peak:0.2 mg/m3-Phosphate(1-), hexafluoro-, lithium (CAS #: 21324-40-3) - - TWA: 1 mg/m3Skin-Chemical Name Poland Portugal Spain Switzerland NetherlandsAluminum foil (CAS #: 7429-90-5) TWA: 2.5 mg/m3TWA: 1.2 mg/m3TWA: 10 mg/m3 TWA:5 mg/m3TWA: 10 mg/m3 TWA:5 mg/m3TWA: 3 mg/m3-Copper (CAS #: 7440-50-8) - - - - TWA: 0.1 mg/m3 Chemical Name Norway United Kingdom Australia Austria BelgiumLithium Cobalt Oxide (CoLiO2) (CAS #:12190-79-3) TWA: 0.02 mg/m3STEL: 0.02 mg/m3- - Skin -Aluminum foil (CAS #: 7429-90-5) TWA: 5 mg/m3STEL: 5 mg/m3STEL: 30 mg/m3STEL: 12 mg/m3TWA: 10 mg/m3TWA: 4 mg/m310 mg/m35 mg/m3STEL 20 mg/m3TWA: 10 mg/m3-Carbon black (CAS #: 1333-86-4) TWA: 3.5 mg/m3STEL: 3.5 mg/m3- 3 mg/m3- -Copper (CAS #: 7440-50-8) TWA: 0.1 mg/m3TWA: 1 mg/m3STEL: 0.1 mg/m3STEL: 1 mg/m3- 1 mg/m30.2 mg/m3STEL 4 mg/m3STEL 0.4 mg/m3TWA: 1 mg/m3TWA: 0.1 mg/m3-Phosphate(1-), hexafluoro-,lithium (CAS #: 21324-40-3)- - 2.5 mg/m3- -Appropriate engineering controlsGeneral room ventilation is sufficient during normal use and handing. Do not install these batteries in sealed, unventilated areas. Facilities storing or utilizing this material should be equipped with an eyewash facility and a safety shower.Remove jewelry, rings, watches and any other metallic objects while working on battery. All tools should insulate to avoid the possibility of shorting connections. DO NOT lay tools on top of the battery. The work area should be equipped with the corresponding species and quantity of fire equipment and leakage emergency equipment. Individual protection measures, such as personal protective equipmentRespiratory protection If exposure limits are exceeded or irritation is experienced, NIOSH/MSHAapproved respiratory protection should be worn. Positive-pressure supplied airrespirators may be required for high airborne contaminant concentrations.Respiratory protection must be provided in accordance with current localregulations.Hand Protection Under normal condition of use and handling no special protection is required forsealed battery. In the event of battery case breakage, should be wear appropriatesafety gloves.Eye/face protection Under normal condition of use and handling no special protection is required forsealed battery. Use appropriate safety glasses when there is the risk of splash.Skin and body protection Under normal condition of use and handling no special protection is required forsealed battery. It is recommended to wear appropriate protective clothing whenthe battery case is broken.9. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIESInformation on basic physical and chemical properties_____________________________________________________________________________________________Appearance SolidColor Black Array Odor OdorlessOdor Threshold Not determinedpH Not determinedMelting point/freezing point Not determinedBoiling point / boiling range Not determinedFlash point Not determinedEvaporation rate Not determinedFlammability (solid) Not flammableFlammability Limit in Air Not applicableVapor Pressure Not determinedVapor density Not applicableDensity Not determinedRelative density Not determinedBulk density Not determinedSpecific gravity Not determinedWater solubility Insoluble in waterPartition coefficient (LogPow) Not determinedAutoignition temperature Not applicableDecomposition temperature Not determinedKinematic viscosity Not determinedDynamic viscosity Not determinedExplosive properties Not an explosiveOxidizing properties Not determinedOther informationNo information available10. STABILITY AND REACTIVITYReactivityStable under recommended storage and handling conditions (see SECTION 7, handling and storage).Chemical stabilityStable under normal conditions.Possibility of Hazardous ReactionsWhen a battery cell is exposed to an external short-circuit, crushed, modification, high temperature, open flames, it will be the cause of heat generation and ignition.Conditions to avoidExposed to an external short-circuit, crushed, modification, high temperature, open flames, incompatible materials, direct sunlight and high humidity.Incompatible materialsConductive materials, water, seawater, strong oxidants, strong acid, strong bases, etc.Hazardous Decomposition ProductsIn case of a fire or high temperature, metal oxides and irritating/harmful fumes/smoke may be generated.11. TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATIONInformation on likely routes of exposureInhalation No effect under routine handling and use for sealed battery. If battery is broken,inhale fume and dust may cause upper respiratory irritation and lung irritation._____________________________________________________________________________________________Eye contact No effect under routine handling and use for sealed battery. Exposure to theelectrolyte contained inside the battery may result in irritation.Skin Contact No effect under routine handling and use for sealed battery. Exposure to theelectrolyte contained inside the battery may result in chemical burns.Ingestion No effect under routine handling and use for sealed battery. Harmful if swallowedthe electrolyte contained inside the battery. Exposure to the electrolyte containedinside the battery may cause irritation to mouth, esophagus and gastrointestinalsystem.Information on toxicological effectsAcute toxicityChemical Name Oral LD50 Dermal LD50 Inhalation LC50 Carbon black (CAS #:1333-86-4)> 8000 mg/kg (rat) > 3000 mg/kg (Rabbit) -Copper (CAS #: 7440-50-8) > 2500 mg/kg bw(rat) > 2000 mg/kg bw(rat) =1.03 mg/L/4 h(rat)Skin corrosion/irritationNo effect under routine handling and use for sealed battery. Exposure to the electrolyte contained inside the battery may result in chemical burns.Serious eye damage/eye irritationNo effect under routine handling and use for sealed battery. Exposure to the electrolyte contained inside the battery may result in irritation.SensitizationNo sensitization responses were observed.Germ cell mutagenicityNo information availableCarcinogenicityChemical Name ACGIH IARC NTP OSHA Lithium Cobalt Oxide(CoLiO2) (CAS #:12190-79-3)A3 Group 2B - -Carbon black (CAS #:1333-86-4)A3 Group 2B - -Reproductive toxicityNo information availableSTOT - single exposureNo information availableSTOT - repeated exposureNo information availableAspiration hazardNo information available12. ECOLOGICAL INFORMATIONEcotoxicityChemical Name Algae/aquatic plants EC50 Fish LC50 Crustacea EC50Lithium Cobalt Oxide (CoLiO2) (CAS #: 12190-79-3) - 275 mg/L/96h(Fundulusheteroclitus)-_____________________________________________________________________________________________2016 Edition, including the passing of the UN38.3 test ID:1118010201.965 of 61th DGR Manual of IATA( 2019 edition )or special provision188 of IMDG CODE (Amdt37-14)_____________________________________________________________________________________________Copper (CAS #: 7440-50-8)0.031 - 0.054 mg/L/96h Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata static 0.0426 - 0.0535 mg/L/72h Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata static 1.25: 96 h Lepomis macrochirus mg/L LC50 static 0.3: 96 hCyprinus carpio mg/L LC50semi-static 0.8: 96 h Cyprinus carpio mg/L LC50 static 0.112:96 h Poecilia reticulata mg/LLC50 flow-through 0.0068 - 0.0156: 96 h Pimephales promelas mg/L LC50 0.3: 96 h Pimephales promelas mg/L LC50 static 0.2: 96 h Pimephales promelas mg/L LC50 flow-through 0.052: 96 h Oncorhynchus mykiss mg/LLC50 flow-through-Persistence and degradability No information availableBioaccumulative potential No information availableMobility in soilNo information availableOther adverse effects No information available13. DISPOSAL CONSIDERATIONSWaste treatment methods Disposal of wastesDisposal should be in accordance with applicable regional, national and local laws and regulationsContaminated packaging Dispose of in accordance with federal, state and local regulationsChemical NameCalifornia Hazardous Waste StatusLithium Cobalt Oxide (CoLiO2)12190-79-3 ToxicAluminum foil 7429-90-5 Ignitable powderCopper 7440-50-8Toxic14. TRANSPORT INFORMATION15. REGULATORY INFORMATIONInternational InventoriesLabel for conveyance: Lithium Battery Label, Class 9UN Number: UN3480Packaging Group: N/A EmS No: 4.1-06Marine pollutantÿNo Proper Shipping name: Lithium ion batteries Hazard Classification: The goods shall be complied with the requirements of Section IBof Packing InstructionsRevision date 03-Jan-2020 Issue Date 03-Jan-2020_____________________________________________________________________________________________Component AICS DSL/NDSL EINECS/ELINCSENCS IECSC KECL PICCS TSCA Lithium Cobalt Oxide (CoLiO2) 12190-79-3 ( 40% )X X XX X X - X Aluminum foil 7429-90-5 ( 29% ) X X X Expect X X X X Carbon black 1333-86-4 ( 21% )X X X X X X X X Copper7440-50-8 ( 8% ) X X X Expect X X X X Phosphate(1-), hexafluoro-, lithium 21324-40-3 ( 2% )XXXXXXXX"-" Not Listed"X" ListedUS Federal Regulations SARA 313Chemical NameSARA 313 - Threshold Values %Aluminum foil - 7429-90-51.0SARA 311/312 Hazard Categories Not applicableCWA (Clean Water Act)Chemical Name CWA - ReportableQuantitiesCWA - Toxic PollutantsCWA - Priority PollutantsCWA - Hazardous SubstancesCopper 7440-50-8-XX-CERCLA Not applicableUS State RegulationsCalifornia Proposition 65Chemical Name California Proposition 65Carbon black - 1333-86-4CarcinogenU.S. State Right-to-Know RegulationsChemical NameNew JerseyMassachusettsPennsylvaniaLithium Cobalt Oxide (CoLiO2)12190-79-3 X--Aluminum foil 7429-90-5 X X X Carbon black 1333-86-4 X X - Copper 7440-50-8X X - Phosphate(1-), hexafluoro-, lithium21324-40-3X--16. OTHER INFORMATIONRevision Note Revision Note Not applicableKey or legend to abbreviations and acronyms used in the safety data sheet TWA - TWA (time-weighted average)STEL - STEL (Short Term Exposure Limit)Ceiling - Maximum limit valueTSCA - United States Toxic Substances Control Act Section 8(b) InventoryDSL/NDSL - Canadian Domestic Substances List/Non-Domestic Substances ListEINECS/ELINCS - European Inventory of Existing Chemical Substances/European List of Notified Chemical Substances ENCS - Japan Existing and New Chemical SubstancesIECSC - China Inventory of Existing Chemical SubstancesKECL - Korean Existing and Evaluated Chemical SubstancesPICCS - Philippines Inventory of Chemicals and Chemical SubstancesAICS - Australian Inventory of Chemical SubstancesDisclaimerThe information provided in this Material Safety Data Sheet is correct to the best of our knowledge, information and belief at the date of its publication. The information given is designed only as a guidance for safe handling, use, processing, storage, transportation, disposal and release and is not to be considered a warranty or quality specification. The information relates only to the specific material designated and may not be valid for such material used in combination with any other materials or in any process, unless specified in the text.-------- End of Safety Data Sheet --------_____________________________________________________________________________________________。

职称英语综合b类真题（含答案）2012年职称英语试题综合类（B级）试卷及答案第⼀部分：词汇选项（第1—15题，每题-1分；共15分）下⾯每个句⼦中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。

1. We need to extract the relevant flnancial data.A. storeB. obtainC. saveD. review2. His shoes were shined to perfection.A. clearedB. polishedC. washedD. mended3. She always finds fault with everything. .A. simplifiesB. evaluatesC. criticizesD. Examines4. Anderson left the table, remarking that he had some work.to doA. doubtingB. thinkingC. sayingD. Knowing5. They converted the spare bedroom into an office.A. reducedB. movedC. reformedD. turned.6. Mr. Henley has accelerated his sale of shares over the past yearA. heldB. increasedC. expectedD. offered7. We have to act within the existing legal frameworkD. system8. Jane said that she couldn't tolerate the long hoursA. spendC. standB. takeD. last9. At that time, we did not fully grasp the significance of what had happenedA. giveB. attachC. understandD. lose10.The view from my bedroom window was absolutely spectacular.A. generalC. strongB. traditionalD. magnificent11. Marsha confessed that she knew nothing of computer.A. admittedB. reportedC. hopedD. answered12. The police believe the motive for the murder was jealousy.A. choiceB. ideaC. decisionD. reason13. The high-speed trains can have a major impact on our livesA. effortC. concernB. problemD. influence14. We explored the possibility of expansion at the conference.D. investigated15. The study also notes a steady decline in the number of college students taking science courses.A. continuousC. generalB. relativeD. sharp第⼆部分：阅读判断（第16—22题，每题1分，共7分）下⾯的短⽂后列出了7个句⼦，请根据短⽂的内容对每个句⼦做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A：如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息⽂中没有提及，请选择C。

Special Review and Approval Procedure for Drug Registration of the State Food andDrug AdministrationChapter 1 General ProvisionsArticle 1 This Procedure is formulated for the purpose of effective prevention, timely control and elimination of the hazards of public health emergencies to ensure the health and safety of the public in accordance with the Drug Administration Law of the People’s Republic of China, Law of the People’s Republic of China on the Prevention and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Regulations for Implementation of the Drug Administration Law of the People’s Republic of China, Regulations on Preparedness for and Response to Emergent Public Health Hazards, and other relevant laws and regulations.Article 2 The special review and approval procedure for drug registration refers to the procedure and requirements of the State Food and Drug Administration to carry out special review and approval of drugs for handling public heath emergencies under the principle of unified leadership, early involvement, expeditiousness and efficiency, and scientific review and approval, in an effort to approve drugs for the prevention and treatment of public health emergencies as soon as possible under the threat or after the occurrence of public heath emergencies.Article 3 The State Food and Drug Administration may, according to law, decide to follow the Procedure to conduct special review and approval of drugs for public health emergencies in any of the following circumstances:(1) Where the Presiden t of the People’s Republic of China declares a state of emergency or the State Council decides that certain areas within a province, autonomous region or municipality directly under the Central Government are in a state of emergency;(2) Where the contingency program for public health emergencies is initiated according to law;(3) Where the drug reserve department or the health administrative department of the State Council proposes a special review and approval for drugs having existing national drug standard;(4) Other circumstances applicable to special review and approval.Article 4 The State Food and Drug Administration is responsible for the review and approval of clinical trials, production and importation of drugs for the prevention and treatment of public health emergencies.The (food and) drug regulatory department of a province, autonomous region, or municipality directly under the Central Government shall, upon entrustment of the State Food and Drug Administration, be responsible for on-site inspection and sampling of the pilot products of the drugs for the prevention and treatment of public health emergencies.Chapter 2 Application Acceptance and On-site InspectionArticle 5 Where the special review and approval procedure for drug registration is initiated, the State Food and Drug Administration is responsible for the acceptance of registration applications for drugs for public health emergencies.Where a drug or a preventive biological product for public health emergencies has not been marketed in China, the applicant shall, before submission of the registration application, provide the State Food and Drug Administration with relevant research and development information.Article 6 The applicant shall submit a registration application with relevant technical dossier to the State Food and Drug Administration according to the relevant provisions and requirements on administration of drug registration.The registration application for drug for public health emergencies may be submitted in electronic form.Article 7 Before submitting an application for registration, the applicant may provide a feasibility assessment application with general information and relevant explanations. The State Food and Drug Administration shall only comment on the scientific rationality and feasibility of the drug project, and respond within 24 hours. The response to a feasibility assessment application shall be neither deemed as the review and approval opinion nor legally binding on the review and approval result of a registration application.Article 8 The State Food and Drug Administration shall organize an expert group to evaluate and review the registration application for drug for the prevention and treatment of public health emergencies, make a decision within 24 hours on whether or not to accept the application, and notify the applicant.Article 9 Where a registration application is accepted, the State Food and Drug Administration shall organize technical review of submitted dossier within 24 hours and at the same time notify the (food and) drug regulatory department of the province, autonomous region or municipality directly under the Central Government where the applicant is located to conduct an on-site inspection on drug research and development conditions, and organize sampling and testing of pilot products.The (food and) drug regulatory department of the province, autonomous region, or municipality directly under the Central Government shall, within five days, submit the on-site inspection result and relevant opinion to the State Food and Drug Administration.Article 10 The (food and) drug regulatory department of the province, autonomous region, or municipality directly under the Central Government shall organize staff from the departments of drug registration, drug safety and inspection, etc. to participate in the on-site inspection.The National Institute for the Control of Pharmaceutical and Biological Products shall be notified to sendstaff to participate in the on-site inspection and sampling of preventive biological products.Article 11 For drugs that have existing national standards for the prevention and treatment of public health emergencies, the State Food and Drug Administration may directly review and approve the drug in accordance with the relevant provisions in Chapter 6 of the Procedure when it deems there is no need for a clinical trial in accordance with law.Article 12 With respect to the registration application for a specific vaccine, where only the original virus strain used in the manufacturing is changed while the manufacturing processes or quality specifications are maintained, the State Food and Drug Administration shall make a decision on whether or not to grant the approval within three days after verifying the changed strain used in the manufacturing.Chapter 3 Testing for RegistrationArticle 13 After receiving the samples taken by the (food and) drug regulatory department of a province, autonomous region, or municipality directly under the Central Government, the drug testing institution shall immediately organize verification of specifications and laboratory testing on the samples.The drug testing institution shall complete the testing within the time frame for the drug being applied.Article 14 For a drug applied first time for marketing, the State Food and Drug Administration may, when necessary, make early involvement by appointing the National Institute for the Control of Pharmaceutical and Biological Products to communicate with the applicant prior to testing for registration so as to timely resolve technical problems which may arise in the process of quality specifications verification and laboratory testing.With respect to preventive biological products used to prevent and control the epidemic of serious infectious diseases, the State Food and Drug Administration may, depending on the situation, allow the testing for registration and the manufacturer’s self-testing to be performed in parallel.Article 15 After completion of the specifications verification and laboratory testing on a drug, the drug testing institution shall, within two days, issue its verification opinion and submit it along with the drug test report to the State Food and Drug Administration.Chapter 4 Technical ReviewArticle 16 The State Food and Drug Administration shall, within 15 days after acceptance of the registration application for drug for the prevention and treatment in public health emergencies, complete the first round of technical review.Article 17 Where the State Food and Drug Administration considers that additional data are needed, it shall immediately inform the applicant of the content and timeline.Where the applicant submits the supplementary data within the specified timeline, the State Food and Drug Administration shall complete the technical review within three days, or, depending on the situations, organize another review meeting within five days, and then complete the review report within two days.Chapter 5 Clinical TrialArticle 18 Where the technical review is completed, the State Food and Drug Administration shall, within three days, complete the administrative examination, make a decision and inform the applicant.Where the State Food and Drug Administration decides to approve a clinical trial, it shall issue a Drug Clinical Trial Approval. Where it decides not to approve, it shall issue a Disapproval Notice with reasons.Article 19 Where an applicant obtains a clinical trial approval, it shall conduct the trial strictly following the relevant requirements in the approval document, and comply with the Good Clinical Practice.Article 20 Drug clinical trials shall be conducted in institutions legally certified for drug clinical trials. If a clinical trial has to be conducted by an institution not yet certified, a special approval by the State Food and Drug Administration should be obtained.The application for a clinical trial conducted by an institution not yet certified for drug clinical trials may be submitted along with the application for drug registration.Article 21 The investigator responsible for a drug clinical trial shall, in accordance with the relevant provisions, timely report adverse events occurred in the process of the clinical trial to the State Food and Drug Administration. If no adverse event occurs, the investigator shall collect relevant information and report to the State Food and Drug Administration monthly.Article 22 The State Food and Drug Administration shall, in accordance with law, supervise and inspect the clinical trials of drugs for public health emergencies.Chapter 6 Review, Approval and Monitoring of Drug ProductionArticle 23 The applicant shall, after completion of the drug clinical trials, submit the relevant data to the State Food and Drug Administration in accordance with the Provisions for Drug Registration.Article 24 The State Food and Drug Administration shall, within 24 hours after receiving data submitted by the applicant, organize technical review, and at the same time notify the (food and) drug regulatory department of the province, autonomous region, or municipality directly under the Central Government where the applicant is located to conduct the on-site inspection on the drug manufacturing conditions, and organize the sampling and testing of pilot products.The (food and) drug regulatory department of the province, autonomous region, or municipality directly under the Central Government shall, within five days, submit the result and opinion of the on-site inspection to the State Food and Drug Administration.Article 25 Any newly-established drug manufacturer or manufacturer with newly-built manufacturing workshops or newly-added dosage forms for production may apply to the State Food and Drug Administration for a certificate of the Good Manufacturing Practice along with the application for drug registration. The State Food and Drug Administration shall, when conducting the drug registration review, immediately carry out an inspection on the Good Manufacturing Practice certification.Article 26 The drug testing institution shall, after receiving the samples of three batches taken by the (food and) drug regulatory department of the province, autonomous region, or municipality directly under the Central Government, immediately arrange the testing.Upon completion of testing, the drug testing institution shall, within two days, complete the test report and submit it to the State Food and Drug Administration.Article 27 The State Food and Drug Administration shall carry out technical review in accordance with Chapter 4 of the Procedure, and shall, within three days after the completion of the technical review, complete the administrative examination, make a decision and inform the applicant.Where the State Food and Drug Administration decides to approve the drug, it shall issue the Letter of Approval for Drug Registration, and may grant an approval number for the drug at the same time if the applicant has appropriate manufacturing conditions; if it decides to disapprove the manufacturing, it shall issue a Disapproval Notice with reasons.Article 28 Where a drug manufacturer or distributor, or a medical and health institution finds any new or serious adverse drug reaction or cluster adverse reaction relating to a specially approved drug for public health emergencies, it shall immediately report the case to the local (food and) drug regulatory department of the province, autonomous region, or municipality directly under the Central Government, the health administrative department at the provincial level and the professional institution for adverse drug reactions monitoring.The professional institution for adverse drug reactions monitoring shall regard drugs specially approved for public health emergencies as critically monitored products, analyze the collected case reports in accordance with the relevant provisions and timely report to the (food and) drug regulatory department of the province, autonomous region, or municipality directly under the Central Government and the State Food and Drug Administration.The State Food and Drug Administration shall reinforce the reevaluation of approved drugs for public health emergencies after they are marketed.Chapter 7 Supplementary ProvisionsArticle 29 The measures for special review and approval of the medical devices for public health emergencies shall be separately formulated by the State Food and Drug Administration with reference to the relevant provisions of the Procedure.Article 30 The Procedure shall go into effect as of the date of promulgation.。

手机上瘾英语作文（中英文实用版）{z}Title: The Addiction of Cell PhoneIn today"s digital age, the cell phone has become an indispensable part of our lives.It"s a device that keeps us connected with the world, but it has also become a source of addiction.The addiction to cell phones is more prevalent among young people.They use it not just for communication, but also for entertainment, social media, and even education.This overuse of cell phones can have negative effects on their physical and mental health.Physically, spending too much time on the cell phone can lead to problems like eyestrain, neck pain, and even obesity.Mentally, excessive cell phone use has been linked to anxiety, depression, and a decrease in attention span.To tackle the issue of cell phone addiction, it"s important for individuals to be aware of their habits and to set limits on their cell phone use.It"s also important for parents to monitor their children"s cell phone usage and to enforce rules about screen time.In conclusion, while the cell phone is a wonderful tool that has revolutionized the way we live, it"s important to be mindful of its potential to become an addiction.By being aware of our cell phone habits and taking steps to moderate our use, we can enjoy the benefits of thistechnology without the negative consequences.中文翻译：标题：手机成瘾在今天的数字时代，手机已经成为我们生活中不可或缺的一部分。