定语从句的10个难点
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落堕市安心阳光实验学校(直击高考)2013高考英语语法重难点系列专题09 定语从句的难点和考点定语从句是由关系代词(who, whom, that, which, whose, as)和关系副词(when, where, why)引导的从句,其作用是作定语用来修饰主句的某个成分,被定语从句修饰的那个词叫先行词,定语从句放在先行词的后面。
关系代词在定语从句中充当句子的主语、表语、宾语;关系副词在定语从句中充当状语。
作宾语的关系代词可以省略。
定语从句分为限定性和非限定性从句两种。
定语从句和先行词用逗号隔开的叫非限定性定语从句。
限定性定语从句是告诉人们 which one , 去掉之后句子意思不完整,非限定性定语从句是告诉人们更多的信息,去掉之后句子总体意思不受影响。
定语从句的讲点和考点都是关系词。
一、基础题型:用适当的关系词填空:1. The man ____lives next to us deals in vegetables.答案:who/that “住在我们隔壁的那个人是卖蔬菜的”。
关系词在定语从句中作主语。
解析:当先行词是人的时候,关系词用who,whom(作宾语),that2.A plane is a machine _____can fly.答案:that/which “飞机是能飞的机器”。
关系词在定语从句中作主语。
解析:当先行词是物时,关系词用that,which3.This is the actor _____name is known to all.答案:whose “这是那个他名字我们都知道的演员”。
4.The room ______window faces to south is mine.答案:whose “窗户朝南的那个房间是我的”解析:在3.4.题中,当先行词和关系词后面的名词有所属关系时,关系词用whose5.Do you remember the day ____ we first met?答案:when “你记得我们第一次见面的那天吗?”。
高中英语语法重点难点回顾――定语从句用来说明主句中某一名词或代词(有时也可说明整个主句或主句中一部分)而起定语作用的句子叫作定语从句。
一、关系代词引导的定语从句1. 关系代词用来指代先行词是人或物的名词或代词句子成分用于限制从句或非限制性从句只用于限制性从句代替人代替物代替人或物主语Who which that主语Whom which that宾语Whose(=of whom) whose(=of which)例1:This is the detective who came from London.例2:The book which I am reading is written by Tomas Hardy.例3:The desk whose leg is broken is very old.例4:This is the room that Shakespeare was born in.2.关系代词的用法(1) 如果先行词是all, much, anything, something, nothing, everything, little, none等不定代词,关系代词一般只用that,不用which。
例如:All the people that are present burst into tears.(2) 如果先等词被形容词最高级以及first, last, any, only, few, mush, no, some, very等词修饰,关系代词常用that,不用which, who,或whom。
例如:(3) 非限制性定语从句中,不能用关系代词that,作宾语用的关系代词也不能省略。
例如:There are about seven million people taking part in the election, most of whom are well educated.(4) which还有一种特殊用法,它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句,代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念。
定语从句教案重难点一、定语从句的概念与作用1. 定语从句的定义:定语从句是一种dependent clause,用来修饰名词或代词,起到形容词的作用。
2. 定语从句的作用:在句子中,定语从句起到修饰名词或代词的作用,使句子更加具体、明确。
3. 定语从句与先行词的关系:定语从句与先行词之间通过关系词来连接,关系词在定语从句中起到连接作用,并在定语从句中担任一定的语法成分。
二、关系词的分类与用法1. 关系代词:who, which, that等,用于指代人或物。
2. 关系副词:where, when, why等,用于表示地点、时间和原因。
3. 关系代词和关系副词的用法:关系词在定语从句中担任一定的语法成分,如主语、宾语、表语等。
关系词的选择要根据先行词和定语从句的语境来确定。
三、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句1. 限制性定语从句:定语从句对先行词起到限定作用,即如果去掉定语从句,句子的意思会发生改变。
2. 非限制性定语从句:定语从句对先行词起到补充说明作用,即如果去掉定语从句,句子的主要意思不会发生改变。
3. 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的用法:在句子中,限制性定语从句通常用逗号与主句分开,而非限制性定语从句则不用逗号与主句分开。
四、定语从句的倒装1. 定语从句的倒装现象:在定语从句中,关系词位于主语之前,即关系词+ 谓语+ 主语。
2. 定语从句倒装的用法:定语从句的倒装主要用于强调关系词或先行词,使句子更加突出。
3. 定语从句倒装的注意事项:并非所有的定语从句都需要倒装,要根据句子的语境和意义来判断是否需要倒装。
五、定语从句的练习与巩固1. 练习题:请根据先行词和语境,选择合适的关系词,并填入空格中。
2. 练习题:请将下列句子改为定语从句,并注意关系词的选择和倒装现象。
3. 练习题:请判断下列句子中的定语从句是限制性定语从句还是非限制性定语从句,并解释原因。
六、关系代词who的用法1. who的定义:who用于指代人,在定语从句中作主语或宾语。
定语从句关系代词重难点讲解一.几个基本概念1.定语从句的定义:用作定语的从句叫定语从句。
2.先行词:被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。
3.定语从句的位置:紧跟先行词(名词或代词)之后。
4.引导词:引导定语从句的词(包括关系代词和关系副词)。
﹙1﹚关系代词:that/who/whom/which/as﹙2﹚关系副词:when/where/why5.引导词的位置:位于定语从句之前(先行词之后)。
【as除外】6.引导词的功能(作用):﹙1﹚连接先行词和定语从句。
﹙2﹚在定语从句中充当一定的成分(关系代词充当主语或宾语,关系副词充当状语)。
7.定语从句的类型:﹙1﹚限定性定语从句(主句和定语从句之间无逗号)。
①直接由引导词引导定语从句The man who you’re talking to is my friend.②由介词+关系代词(whom/which)引导The man to whom you’re talking is my friend.I need a pen with which I can write a letter.=I need a piece of paper on which I can write a letter.介词的选用可根据从句中的相关词组确定,该介词通常可以放在关系代词之前,也可放在从句之尾。
例如:The man (who/whom/that) I talked about at the meeting is from Beijing University. =The man about whom I talked at the meeting is from Beijing University.The palace (which/that) I often pay a visit to was built in the 17th century.=The palace to which I often pay a visit was built in the 17th century.﹙2﹚非限定性定语从句(主句和定语从句之间用逗号隔开)。
最新定语从句中介词加关系副词的用法重点难点解析一、介词在定语从句中的用法1. 引导定语从句的介词可放在句首,也可放在句末在定语从句中,引导定语从句的介词可以放在句首或句末。
例如:- This is the house in which I grew up.- The room, in which he always studied, was very small.2. 关系代词和介词的搭配规则在定语从句中,关系代词和介词之间的搭配关系有以下几种情况:- 先行词前可以有介词时,用which/whom/that等关系代词来引导定语从句。
例如:- The book on which he stepped is mine.- The girl with whom he is talking is his sister.- 先行词前不能有介词时,用whose/that/whom/which等关系代词来引导定语从句。
例如:- The man whose car was stolen reported it to the police.- The person that I met yesterday is a famous actor.3. 只能用关系副词引导的定语从句有一些情况下,只能用关系副词引导定语从句。
例如:- The reason why he refused the offer is still unknown.- That is the place where we first met.二、定语从句中介词加关系副词的难点解析1. 关系副词和介词的搭配在定语从句中,关系副词和介词的搭配需要注意以下几点:- 先行词前可以有介词时,用介词+which/whom等关系代词来引导定语从句。
例如:- That is the book on which I'm working.- 先行词前不能有介词时,用关系副词+which/that等关系代词来引导定语从句。
高中英语定语从句难点定语从句由关系词(关系代词、关系副词)引导,关系代词、关系副词位于定语从句句首。
下面为大家分享高中定语从句难点,欢送大家参考借鉴。
关系代词有:who, whom, whose, that, which, as。
关系副词有:when, where, why, how。
关系代词和关系副词放在先行词和定语从句之间,起连接作用,同时又可做定语从句的一个成分。
当关系代词做宾语时可以省略。
定语从句中的谓语动词必须在人称上和数量上和先行词保持一致。
定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
1) who, whom, that 这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词,在从句中所起作用如下:Is he the man who/that wants to see you?(who/that在从句中作主语)He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.(whom/that在从句中作宾语)2) whose 用来指人或物,(只用作定语,假设指物,它还可以同of which互换).例如:Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green.3) which, that 它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等.例如:A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.(which / that在句中作宾语)The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to e unwrapped.(which / that在句中作宾语)关系代词that和which 都可以指物,that 和Who 都可以指人,其用法区别:a) 在引导非限定性定语从句时(错)The tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here.b) 介词后不能用We depend on the land from which we get our food.c) 多用who 的情况①关系代词在从句中做主语A friend who helps you in time of need is a real friend.②先行词为those, people 时Those who were either fools or unfit for their offices could not see the cloth.③先行词为all, anyone, ones, one 指人时One who doesn't work hard will never sueed in his work.④在There be句型中There is a stranger who wants tosee you.⑤在被分隔的定语从句中A new teacher will e tomorrow who will teach you German.⑥在有两个定语从句的句子中,其一用who,其二用that,但假设先行词后接两个以上的并列定语从句时,后一个必须重复前一个关系代词。
定语从句重难点分析
定语从句是修饰一个名词或代词的从句,用来给出更多的描述信息。
它是英语语法中的一个重要部分,也是写作中的常用手法。
以下是定语从
句的几个重难点:
1. 引导词的选择:定语从句的引导词主要有关系代词和关系副词两种。
关系代词包括that、which、who、whom、whose,关系副词包括where、when、why。
在选择引导词时需要注意前面名词的性质和上下文的
意思。
2. 引导词在从句中的作用:定语从句中的引导词在从句中充当特定
的成分。
关系代词that、which、who、whom、whose可以分别代替并引入
名词、代词、形容词、副词、介词短语,并在从句中充当相应的成分,如
主语、宾语、表语、宾补等。
关系副词where、when、why在从句中分别
表示地点、时间、原因。
3.限定性和非限定性定语从句:限定性定语从句是对先行词进行修饰,并且对整个句子的意思起到限定的作用,如果省略,整个句子的意思就不
完整。
非限定性定语从句是对先行词进行补充说明,但不对整个句子的意
思起到限定的作用,如果省略,整个句子的意思仍然完整。
非限定性定语
从句一般用逗号和先行词隔开,而限定性定语从句则不可以省略。
4.定语从句的位置:定语从句可以放在被修饰的名词前面或者后面,
但是位置的选择会影响到修饰成分和整个句子的流畅度,需要根据具体情
况进行选择。
以上是定语从句中的一些重难点,掌握好这些规则和技巧可以帮助我
们正确使用定语从句,使写作更加准确和流畅。
【高中英语】高中英语定语从句难点总结一、强调句型与定语从句1.“你在哪里找到昨天演讲的那个人的?”“那是在大厅里,学生们在开会。
”a.whereb.whichc.thatd.when学生们是在大厅里开会的。
学生们通常在大厅里开会。
如果你单独看这个句子,它的意思和语法都是正确的,但是如果你把它和上面的联系起来,它就不起作用了,因为上面的意思是“你在哪里找到昨天做报告的教授的?”如果你把答案改成我在大厅里创立了教授,那就好了。
事实上,这个问题的最佳答案是a,学生们将会议作为定语从句,修饰前面的名词“the hall”。
这句话的意思是“在学生们经常见面的大厅里(寻找教授)”2.itwasinthesmallhouse______wasbuiltwithstonesbyhisfather______hespenthischild hood.a、 B,是的。
那,那c.which,whichd.that,where【分析】选择a,在第一个空格中填写,引导定语从句;在那所小房子里(还有他路旁用音调建造的定语从句)。
这个问题很难,因为在强调句型中很难使用定语从句。
3.itwastheboy_____hadbeeninprison_____stolethemoney.a、谁,在哪里。
那是怎么回事c.who,thatd.that,which男孩(以及在中国的定语从句)是被强调的成分。
4.itwasjustintheroom_____hewasborn_____hedied.a、在哪里,whichb。
那个,那个c.where,thatd.which,that这个问题的答案是c。
整个句子是一个强调句。
强调的部分在这个房间里。
他出生的地方有一个修饰他的定语从句。
5.haveyouseenthefi;munderthehawthorntree?----当然,我有。
这是我们的村庄,这是我们制作的。
a.thatb.wherec、什么时候。
定语从句的10个难点1.关系代词的省略(限定性定语从句)(1)关系代词在定语从句中作宾语She is the girl (whom / that) I loved before. (可以省略whom/that)(2)关系代词在定语从句中作表语He is no longer the boy (that) he used to be. (可以省略that)(3)关系代词作介词宾语,介词在从句句尾时可以省略Housing price is a problem (that/which) people are interested in.比较:Housing price is a problem in which people are interested.(此时只能用which且不能省略)2.先行词是人(that/who的区别)(1)用that的情况①以疑问词who开头的句子中Who is the man that is shouting there?②关系代词在从句中作表语时She is not the girl that she used to be.③先行词被the very, the right, the only修饰This is the very person that we are looking for.(2)用who的情况①先行词是one, ones, anybody, all, none, those 等Those who want to go to the cinema will have to wait at the gate of the school.②句子中有两个定语从句,一个用了that,另外一个用whoWho is theboy that won the gold medal?③在there be 结构中There are many young men who are against him.④在非限定性定语从句当中Tom, who is my best friend, has gone abroad to study.3.先行词是物(that / which的区别)(1)用which的情况①在非限定性定语从句中She lost thegame, which depressed her greatly.②关系词置于介词之后,作宾语Thepen with which you write is Jack’s.③先行词是that或定语从句中套定语从句,一个关系词用that,另一个用which.Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which is newly open to us.(2)用that的情况①先行词是不定代词如all, little, few, much,anything, everything, nothing, none, no one等She did all that she could to help us.②先行词被all, every, no, some, little, much, the only, he very, the right,the last等所修饰时This is the very book that I want.③先行词中既有人又有物时She described in her compositions the people and he places that impressed her most.④先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时This is the best book that I have ever read.This is the firstfilm that I’ve seen since I came here.⑤定语从句中套定语从句,其中一个关系词以用which, 另外一个用thatHe built a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.⑥当主句的主语是疑问词which,另一个用thatWho is the person that is standing at the gate?4.As引导定语从句用法(1)As 既可以引导限制性定语从句也可以用于非限定性定句中充当主语,宾语,表语等。
常用于以下句型当中:Such/so….. as…. 像…..一样the same …. as… 和…...同样的A computer is so useful a machine as we can use everyday.He is not the same man as he was.(2)引导非限制性定语从句,此时译为“正如,像”等。
可以放在句首,句中或句末。
As I remember, there were a net bar here.Taiwan is an inseparable part of China, as is known to all.★the same as...和the same that...引导定语从句的区别This is the same bike that I lost yesterday. (同一事物)This is the same bike as I lost yesterday. (同类事物)5.关系副词的运用(1)When 在定语从句中做时间状语,先行词为表示时间的time, day等I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing. (when=on which)(2)Where 在定语从句中做地点状语,先行词为表地点的place, spot等Can you tell me the office where he works? (where = in which)(3)Why 在定语从句中做原因状语,先行词只有reason.I don’t want to listen to any reason why you were absent. (why = for which)★ 关系副词 = 相应的介词 + 关系代词★ Where引导的定语从句还可以修饰抽象空间的名词如case(情形),situation, position(位置),stage (阶段),point(地步)等What are the situations where body language is the only form of communication?在哪些情况下身体语言是唯一的沟通方式。
(此时where = in which)6.几个特殊的先行词(1)way在定语从句中做状语时的三种引导方式 that / in which / 不填The way in which / that / 不填he explains the sentence to us is quite simple.比较:The way which /that/不填he told to us was quite simple.★way 在定语中作tell的宾语(2)先行词time time表示“次数”时,用关系代词that引导定语从句This is the first time that the president has visited the country.time作“一段时间” 讲时,应用关系副词whenThis was the time when there were no radios, no telephones or no TV sets★此时when = during which 在..期间(3)先行词reason当在定语从句中作状语时,定语从句的4种引导方式 why/for which/that/不填This is the reason why/for which/that/不填he can not come here.比较:Is this the reason that/which/不填he explained to us for his absence from the conference.★reason 在定语从句中做explain的宾语7.介词+关系代词★该结构的关系代词只有两种即介词+which(指物)介词+whom(指人)★该结构介词的选用原则:(1)根据定语从句中谓语动词的习惯搭配This is the book on which I spent$ 8.This is the book for which I paid $ 8.(2)根据先行词的搭配习惯I remember the days during which I lived there.I remember the day on which I graduated from university.(3)根据整个句子所表达的意思来决定The colorless gas without which we can’t live is called oxygen.(4)英语中为了强调某一名词,不定式前面也可以加上关系代词。
Here is the money with which to buy the piano.She is the right person on whom to depend注意:①如果介词后移,关系代词可以省略The person (whom/who/that) you will write to is Todd.②有些含有介词的动词短语介词不能提前如look for/after; take care of; send for; hear from/of/about deal with等This is the baby that you will look after.8.定语从句的主谓一致(1)当先行词是 one of + 复数名词,定语从句的位于动词要用复数形式The Great Wall is one of the world-famous buildings that draw lots of visitor every year.(2)当先行词是 the only + one of +复数名词,从句谓语用单数形式The Great Wall is the only one of the buildings on the earth that is seen from the moon.(3)先行词如果是整个句子,定语从句的谓语动词用单数Great changes have taken place in China, as is known to all.He has passed the drivingtest, which surprises all of us.9.定语从句的转化定语从句可以转换为–ing或-ed形式The girl (who is) dancing now just returned from Taiwan.I love the stories (which were) written by Hemingway.The man (who stands) standing there is my friend.10. 定语从句的解题方法(1)判断从句是否为定语从句(先行词,关系词,定语从句)(2)准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、宾、表、定、状)从而正确选定使用关系代词或关系副词注意:①关系代词whose的用法。