Must在反意疑问句中的用法

巧解must的反意疑问句must + be/do可以表示对目前情况的肯定推断，如： He must be a teacher. 他一定是一位老师。

must + have done可以表示对过去情况的推测，如：You must have waited for a long time.你一定已经等了很长时间了。

那么它们的反意疑问句是什么呢？很多同学想当然地写成mustn’t he/you.，这是完全错误的。

当must表推测时，其反意疑问句随时间和人称而变化。

正确的答案应该分别是isn’t he和 haven’t you。

那么如何才能快速准确地做出判断呢？根据笔者多年的教学经验，利用还原法解决这一问题较好。

所谓还原法，就是先把句子还原成一个不带must 推测意味的句子。

如He must be a teacher.可还原为He is a teacher.其反意疑问句为isn’t he? 也就是原句的正确答案。

同样方法You must have waited for a long time.可还原为 You have waited for a long time.其反意疑问句haven’t you?即原句的答案。

注意：1、在must 表示现在情况的推测时，要注意主语对还原后句子谓语动词的影响。

如：1.He must be ill at home, isn’t he?（还原为He is ill at home.）2.They must be ill at home, aren’t they?(还原为They are ill at home.)2、must 表示对过去的情况推测时，要注意句意和时间状语对还原后句子时态的影响。

如含有 for a long time, so far, before, since 等时间状语的句子还原后句子为完成时；而含有last night, yesterday, the other day, ten years ago 等时间状语的句子则还原为过去时。

must的反义疑问句用法及回答反义疑问句是由一个陈述句和一个反意义的疑问句构成的，通过这种结构，可以表达出发问者对陈述句内容的怀疑、确认或期待对方的回答。

针对must这个词，我们可以通过一篇内容生动、全面、有指导意义的文章来介绍其反义疑问句的用法及回答。

标题：理解"must"的反义疑问句——怀疑、确认与期待导言：反义疑问句是英语中常用的一种询问方式，通过将一个肯定或必然的陈述句转变为一个带有疑问的结构，表达出对陈述句内容的怀疑、确认或期待对方回答的意图。

本文将以"must"为例，介绍它的反义疑问句用法及回答，帮助读者更好地理解并运用这个语法结构。

一、"must"的反义疑问句用法：1. 基本结构：must + 主语 + 否定助动词 + 主谓倒装2. 功能：表示说话人对陈述句内容的怀疑、确认或期待对方回答3. 疑问词限制：反义疑问句通常只能用否定词"No"或"don't"，不能使用"Yes"或"do"进行回答4. 语气：根据上下文和语气调整，可表达实义疑问、确认疑问或期望回答二、回答"must"的反义疑问句：1. 实义疑问：Yes, 主语 + 肯定/否定陈述 OR No, 主语 + 肯定/否定陈述示例：A: You must be tired, aren't you?B: Yes, I am. / No, I'm not.2. 确认疑问：Yes, 主语 + 肯定/否定 OR No, 主语 + 肯定/否定示例：A: You must go to the party, don't you?B: Yes, I must. / No, I don't have to.3. 期待回答：回答时可以根据上下文和个人意愿做出选择，表达对主观或客观情况的期待示例：A: You must have enjoyed the movie, didn't you?B: Yes, I did. / No, I didn't like it that much.三、生动运用"must"的反义疑问句在日常交流中，反义疑问句可以让对话更具互动性，以下是一些常见场景：1. 对他人的行为或想法表示怀疑：A: He must be lying, isn't he?B: No, I don't think he would lie about it.2. 确认对方的观点或期待回答：A: You must be excited about the upcoming trip, aren't you?B: Yes, I can't wait to explore new places.3. 承认自己的责任或限制：A: I must apologize for my mistake, don't I?B: Yes, it would be the right thing to do.4. 判断对方的能力或技能：A: You must be good at playing the guitar, aren't you?B: No, I'm still learning and improving.结论：掌握"must"的反义疑问句的用法和回答，有助于更好地理解对方的观点、引导对话以及表达自己的态度。

含有must时，反义疑问句的归纳
答：当陈述句部分有情态动词must时，反意疑问部分有四种情况：
：
①若must表示“必须”或“有必要”，疑问部分用mustn’ｔ或needn’ｔ
you?你必须(有必要)马上离开，是吗?
You must leave at once, mustn’t [needn’t]
但是若陈述部分有mustn’ｔ表示禁止，疑问部分要must：
You mustn’t laugh, must you?你不准笑，知道吗?
②若must表示推测，疑问部分不能用must，而应根据must后的动词结构采用相应的动词
形式：
he?他一定累了，是吗?
He must be tired, isn’t
③当must用来表示对现在的情况进行“推测”时，反意疑问部分要根据must 后面的动词采用相应的形式。

他数学一定学得很好，是吗？
例：He must be good at maths, isn’t he?
④当must用来表示对过去的情况进行“推测”（must + have done）时，如强
调对过去情况的推测（一般句中有过去的时间状语），反意疑问句部分要用“didn’t + 主语”；如果强调动作的完成（一般没有过去时间状语），反意疑问句部分要
主语”。

用“haven’t / hasn’t +
她上星期一定读了这本小说例：She must have read the novel last week, didn’t she?
了，是吗？
你一定把这事告诉她了，是吗？
You must have told her about it, haven’t you?。

must的反义疑问句的用法反义疑问句是英语语法中常用的一种结构，用来构成简短的提问句，通常用于确认或询问说话者所提出的问题是否正确或肯定。

反义疑问句的基本形式为一句肯定句后跟一个含有否定意义的简单问句。

肯定句“You are a teacher”（你是一名教师）可以构成反义疑问句“…, aren't you?”（…，不是吗？）。

否定句“You are not a teacher”（你不是一名教师）可以构成反义疑问句“…, are you?”（…，是吗？）。

而“must”作为情态动词，在肯定句中表示必须要做的事情，否定句中则表示不必或不应该做的事情。

反义疑问句也可以应用在“must”这个词上，它的用法与其他词汇类似，与一般的反义疑问句一样构成。

例如：“You must be very busy with your classes, aren’t you？（你必须很忙于课程，不是吗？）或者，“You must not forget to bring your books, must you?“（你不应该忘记带书，对吧？）下面是关于“must”反义疑问句的详细用法和示例：1. 肯定句 + 简单疑问句当肯定句中使用“must”表示“必须”时，需要添加否定的疑问句来构成意义上的反义。

例如：“I must finish my work before leaving. Mustn't I?”（我得在离开前完成工作，是吧？）2. 否定句 + 简单疑问句当否定句中使用“must”表示“不必”或“不应该”时，需要添加肯定的疑问句来构成意义上的反义。

例如：“You must not be rude to your elders. Must you?”（你不应该对长辈无礼，是吧？）3. 肯定句缩略形式 + 简单疑问句当使用缩略形式的肯定句时，需要将其转换为完整形式来构成反义疑问句。

“You must be joking, aren't you?”（你一定在开玩笑，对吧？）4. 否定句缩略形式 + 简单疑问句当使用缩略形式的否定句时，需要将其转换为完整形式来构成反义疑问句。

Must在反意疑问句中的用法在反意疑问句中，附加谓语部分和陈述句部分的主要谓语动词在意义上要相互呼应，即附加谓语部分和陈述句中谓语动词的时态要保持一致。

使用情况各有不同，一般来说，有下列四种情况：一．陈述句中的must表示“必须”时，附加谓语的谓语动词用mustn’t。

如：You must work hard to improve your English, mustn’t you?你必须努力学习来提高你的英语水平，不是吗？二．陈述句中的must表示“禁止”时，附加谓语的动词用must，也可用may。

如：We mustn’t be late, must / may we?我们不可以迟到的，是吗？ (不说: need we)三．陈述句中的must表示“必要”时，附加谓语的动词用needn’t。

如：We must start working right now, needn’t we?我们得立即开始干活儿了,是吗? (不说: mustn’t we)四．陈述句中的must表示一种推测时，含义为“一定、准是”时，附加谓语不用must和need，而是在意义上和陈述句中谓语动词的时态保持一致。

通常有四种情况：1．陈述部分有表示过去的时间状语，附加谓语中的动词就用一般过去时。

She must have heard the good news just now, didn’t she?想必她刚才听到了那个好消息，是吗？ (一般过去时)2．句中陈述部分没有表示过去的时间状语，这时附加谓语中的动词就用现在完成时。

You must have studied English for many years, haven’t you?你一定学了多年的英语，不是吗？ (现在完成时)3．陈述部分的动词表示经常性的动作或状态，附加谓语部分的动词就用一般现在时。

He must be from the south, isn’t he?他一定是南方人，对吗？ (一般现在时)4．陈述句部分的谓语动词为现在进行时，也需要时态上的呼应。

musthavedone反义疑问句的用法归纳反义疑问句是英语语法中常见的一种句式结构，用于以问句的形式来表示对前面陈述句的确认、疑问或请求等。

而musthavedone反义疑问句则是指使用助动词must的现在完成时（have done）形式来构成的反义疑问句。

本文将对musthavedone反义疑问句的用法进行归纳总结，以帮助读者更好地理解该句式。

1. 构成方式要构成musthavedone反义疑问句，首先使用助动词must的现在完成时形式（must have done），然后将陈述部分的句子转换为意义相反的疑问句形式。

具体来说，如果陈述部分是肯定句，则将其变为否定疑问句；如果陈述部分是否定句，则将其变为肯定疑问句。

2. 使用场景musthavedone反义疑问句常用于表示对对方的确认或疑问，或者用来提出请求或建议时。

例如：- You must have finished your homework, haven't you?- They must not have arrived yet, have they?- She must have seen the movie, hasn't she?- He must have passed the exam, hasn't he?3. 注意事项（1）在musthavedone反义疑问句中，陈述部分的动词通常使用过去分词形式（done）。

需要注意的是，过去分词的形式要与主语保持一致。

（2）助动词must的变体形式要根据所使用的人称和时态进行调整。

例如，如果陈述部分是现在完成时，那么助动词must必须是must have done的形式。

（3）反义疑问句的疑问部分的语序与一般疑问句相同，即将助动词提前至主语之前。

4.表示肯定的陈述部分在使用musthavedone反义疑问句时，如果陈述部分是肯定的，则将其转换为否定疑问句。

例如：- You must have finished your homework, haven't you?- They must have won the game, haven't they?- She must have visited her parents, hasn't she?- He must have bought a new car, hasn't he?在这些例句中，陈述部分都是肯定句，通过将其转换为否定疑问句，可以表示对所陈述事实的确认，并且期待对方给出与自己观点相反的回答。

must 的三种反义疑问句既然多数人感到麻烦我就来讲一讲must反义疑问句的用法。

你记住，must反义疑问句就三种可能：①must②needn't③变换句式下面来讲一讲他们分别的用法，一般考试就这三种可能！1、mustn't→mustmustn't在陈述句中的意思一般是不允许，禁止，所以他的反义疑问句用must或may例：You mustn't smoke here, must you?或may you?2、必须→needn't当must在陈述句中作“必须”解时，它的反义疑问句就变成needn't例：You must go now ,needn't you?3、变换句式在must表示推测，做“一定，准是”，简单的说就是must用于虚拟语气时像数学一样我们引入一个“常量”——I am sure that下面就能你那句话作为例子，我们变换一下。

He must have come yesterday. 变换句式作I am sure that he came yesterday. 好我们应该分清，反义疑问句问的应该是I am sure that 后面的从句所以，按照一般反义疑问句的规则得出结果I am sure that he came yesterday, didn't he?最后再把句子还原He must have come yesterday，didn't he?此题解答完毕。

下面是我搜索英国和美国语料库的结果：英国语料库：Davies, Mark. (2004-) BYU-BNC: The British National Corpus. Available online at /bnc.1. I was just thinking I bet that Helen was pleased then cos she must have passed, mustn't she?2. Yes. Now it must have been mustn't it, a possibility, if been there at all, that he was hiding under that bed?3. Exactly why, he must have had some sympathy, mustn't he?.4. …she must have passed mustn't she?5. He must have been interested in cooking, mustn't he?6. Yeah well I mean he must have gone in the hospital to her mustn't he?8. You must have touched her up the wrong way. --Yeah, I must have done mustn't I?9. Now it must have been mustn't it, a possibility, if been there at all, that he was hiding under that bed?10. Exactly why, he must have had some sympathy, mustn't he?.11. He must have been interested in cooking, mustn't he?12. Yeah well I mean he must have gone in the hospital to her mustn't he?13. Yeah, I must have done mustn't I?14. Somebody must have reported him, though, mustn't they?15. Abruptly she stood up and crossed to the window. "I must have done , mustn't I?"16. You must have seen the seals, though, didn't you?17. Exactly why, he must have had some sympathy , mustn't he ?.18. And your sister's ten years older than you so they must 've been there ten years plus , mustn't they ?19. They have a serious side but they must have a lighter side as well , mustn't they ?20. It must be , mustn't it ?21. Yeah. The profit would have been minus cos the costs would still be there so it must be a cancellation . Mustn'tit ?22. Yes, now this shows it must be his imagination , mustn't it ?23. …they must know there is a risk , mustn't they .24. It must mean something , mustn't it ?25. Six pairs of knickers must be enough , mustn't it , Charlie?26. Then it must be Madame V in Paris , mustn't it ?27. Everybody who sees her must love her , mustn't they , Ellen?28. But he must like her a bit , mustn't he ?29. Saturday night. Yeah? Yeah. So he must be doing well, mustn’t he?30. Yeah. Okay. So what, they mus t be staying, staying the Saturday night, mustn’t they?31. You must have seen the seals, though, didn’t you?(用didn't的只搜到这一例)美国语料库：/1. You must have enjoyed those, didn't you?2. And you must have had a name, didn't you?3. Oh Patrick, I must have told you -- didn't I?4. Must have seemed like an eternity, didn't it, holding your breath?5. Must have had three kids, did she?6. I'm sure they must be exaggerating, aren't they, Professor?7. You must have called an undertaker by now, haven't you?还是英国语料库：推断：It must mean something , mustn't it?Everybody who sees her must love her , mustn't they, Ellen？But he must like her a bit , mustn't he?Yes, now this shows it must be his imagination , mustn't it?he must have had some sympathy , mustn't he？必须：Well they must do them Sarah , mustn't they?First I must wash , mustn't I?。

含有must的反义疑问句
当陈述句部分有情态动词must时，反意疑问部分有四种情况：
①若must表示“必须”或“有必要”，疑问部分用mustn’t或needn’t：
You must leave at once, mustn’t[needn’t] you? 你必须(有必要)马上离开，是吗?
但是若陈述部分有mustn’t表示禁止，疑问部分要must：
You mustn’t laugh, must you? 你不准笑，知道吗?
②若must表示推测，疑问部分不能用must，而应根据must后的动词结构采用相对应的动词形式：
He must be tired, isn’t he? 他一定累了，是吗?
③当must用来表示对现在的情况实行“推测”时，反意疑问部分要根据must后面的动词采用相对应的形式。

例：He must be good at maths, isn’t he? 他数学一定学得很好，是吗？
④当must用来表示对过去的情况实行“推测”（must + have done）时，如强调对过去情况的推测（一般句中有过去的时间状语），反意疑问句部分要用“didn’t + 主语”；如果强调动作的完成（一般没有过去时间状语），反意疑问句部分要用“haven’t / hasn’t + 主语”。

例：She must have read the novel last week, didn’t she? 她上星期一定读了这本小说了，是吗？
You must have told her about it, haven’t you? 你一定把这事告诉她了，是吗？。

1、在回答must开头的一般疑问句时，肯定回答用must，否定回答用needn't或don't haveto. 如：1)―Must I finish my homework before eight o'clock?―Yes, you must.2)―Must I attend the meeting?―No, you needn't(No, you don't have to). You can ask Tom to go instead.2、在回答may开头的一般疑问句时，肯定回答用may，否定回答用mustn't. 如：1)―May I watch TV after supper?―Yes, you may. / No, you mustn't.2)―May I stop here?―No, you mustn't.3、在回答need开头的一般疑问句时，肯定回答用must，否定回答用needn't. 如：1)―Need we stay behind after school?―Yes, you must.2)―Need he go now?―No, he needn't.must的反意疑问句如果陈述部分含有表推测的情态动词must，其反问部分不能用情态动词，应根据具体情况而定。

A．must表示“应该”，其疑问部分用mustn't（不应该），如：You must work hard next term, mustn't you ?下学期你应该努力学习，对吗？B．must表示“必须”，其疑问部分用needn't（不必），如：We must go at once, needn't we?我们必须立刻走，是吗？C．must表示推测，其疑问部分必须与must 后面的主要动词相呼应。

如：1）对现在动作或存在的情况的推测：You must know the answer to the exercise, don't you?你一定知道这项练习的答案，是不是？That must be your bed, isn't it? 那一定是你的床，是吗？2）对过去发生的动作或存在的情况的推测：①表示肯定You must have left your bag in the theatre, haven't you?你一定是把包落在剧场了，是不是？Aunt Liu must have got to the U.S.A. yesterday, didn't she?刘大婶昨天准是到了美国了，对不？②表示否定表示推测时，否定式通常不是must not，而是can't (cannot).如：He can't have been to your home; he doesn't know your address, does he?他不可能去过你家；他不知道你的地址，是不是？D．陈述部分含情态动词mustn't，表示禁止时，附加疑问部分就可以用must或may，如：We mustn't be late, must we?(may we?)我们不可以迟到，是吗？need带情态动词need的反意疑问句，疑问部分常用need +主语。

“must”表推测的反意疑问句最佳掌握法“must”表推测的反意疑问句是高考考点之一，一般资料把它概括为三种情形：对当前状况的推测，对过去情况的推测和对现在完成情况的推测。

学生对后两种情况往往难以界定。

现介绍一种最简洁并确保万无一失的方法，即先将该句变成表达事实的句子，再形成反意疑问，便可得出正确形式。

请看以下各例：
1.She must be in the office.
事实：She is in the office.
反意疑问: isn’t she?
2.He must go by bus.
事实：He goes by bus.
反意疑问: doesn’t he?
3.You must have seen the film last week.
事实：You saw the film last week.
反意疑问: don’t you?
4.They must have been here yesterday.
事实：They were here yesterday.
反意疑问: weren’t they?
5.He must have waited here for a long time.
事实：He has waited here for a long time. 反意疑问: hasn’t he?
6.You must have been to the USA.
事实：You have been to the USA.
反意疑问: haven’t you?。