音标 全
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国际音标和英语字母在书写方面的联系—从音标到字母和字母组合单元音：[i:]: ⑴e: h e sh e m e w e⑵ea: t ea ea t m ea t⑶ee: s ee tr ee s ee⑷ei: rec ei ve⑸ey: k ey⑹i: pol i ce pol i ceman pol i cewoman mach i ne⑺eo: p eo ple⑻ie: p ie ce f ie ld bel ie ve th ie f[ɪ]: ⑴a: or a nge cabb a ge⑵ay: Sund ay holid ay⑶e: b e gin E nglish pr e tty cin e ma⑷ey: monk ey⑸i:i t i s i n b i g⑹y: cit y ver y sorr y⑺u: b u sy⑻ui: b ui ld b ui lding⑼ai: capt ai n[e]: ⑴a:a ny m a ny a nyone⑵ai: s ai d⑶ay: s ay s⑷e: p e n b e d y e s e gg d e sk⑸ea: br ea d h ea d br ea kfast⑹u: b u ry[æ]: a: b a g a m a nd a t s a d[ɑ:]:⑴a: cl a ss ban a na f a ther a fter⑵al: h al f p al m⑶ar: c ar f ar p ar k ar m st ar⑷au:au nt l au gh⑸ear: h ear t[^]: ⑴o: c o me n o ne l o ve o ther⑵oo: bl oo d fl oo d⑶ou: t ou ch c ou ntry en ou gh y ou ng⑷u: b u s s u n b u t c u t u p u s[ɜ:]:⑴ear: l ear n ear th ear ly h ear d⑵er: h er t er m⑶ir: f ir st g ir l b ir d sk ir t s ir th ir d⑷or: w or k w or d w or ld⑸ur: n ur se t ur n h ur t Th ur sday⑹yr: m yr tle⑺our: j our nalist j our nal[ə]:⑴a:a long a bout b a nan a Can a n a Chin a⑵e: stud e nt op e n childr e n diff e r e nt⑶i: hol i day Apr i l⑷o: t o day welc o me p o lice⑸u: min u s aut u mn⑹er: fath er moth er broth er sist er⑺or: doct or f or get mirr or⑻ar: sug ar⑼re: met re ti re d fi re⑽ou: delici ou s previ ou s⑾ur: s ur prise Sat ur day⑿our: col our⒀ure: pict ure pleas ure⒁oar: cupb oar d⒂yr: mart yr sat yr[u:]:⑴ew: fl ew gr ew revi ew J ew⑵o: d o t o wh o⑶oo: t oo z oo f oo d p oo l b oo t sch oo l⑷ou: s ou p gr ou p thr ou gh⑸u: bl u e gl u e J u ne⑹ui: fr ui t j ui ce⑺oe: sh oe[ʊ]:⑴o: w o man w o lf⑵oo: b oo k l oo k g oo d f oo t⑶oul: c oul d w oul d sh oul d⑷u: p u t s u gar f u ll p u sh[ɒ]:⑴([w])a: w a nt w a sh w a tch wh a t⑵o: h o t o n n o t s o rry⑶ou: c ou gh⑷au:Au stralia[ɔ:]:⑴(w)a: w a ter⑵al:al l b al l c al l f al l h al l m al l sm al l t al k t al l w al l⑶([w]) ar:w ar m qu ar ter⑷au:Au gust au tumn d au ghter⑸aw: dr aw s aw l aw⑹oor: d oor fl oor⑺ore: m ore bef ore⑻or:or f or sh or t sp or t⑼ou: b ou ght br ou ght th ou ght⑽our: f our y our⑾awe:awe awe d awe less⑿oar: b oar d blackb oar d cardb oar d⒀o: st o ry双元音：[aɪ]:⑴i: t i me l i ke n i ce f i ne f i ve⑵y: m y b y wh y⑶i(g):si g n h i gh l i ght r i ght⑷ie: d ie l ie t ie[eɪ]:⑴a: n a me c a ke g a me f a ce⑵ai: r ai n tr ai n w ai t⑶ay: d ay m ay ok ay pl ay tod ay⑷ei: v ei l v ei n⑸ei(gh):ei ght ei ghteen ei ghty⑹ey: th ey⑺ea: gr ea t br ea k[ɪə]:⑴e: z e ro c e real s e rious⑵ea: r ea l r ea lly id ea cer ea l⑶ere: h ere⑷ear:ear d ear h ear n ear cl ear⑸eer: b eer d eer pion eer[əʊ]:⑴o: g o n o n o se h o me⑵ow: sh ow kn ow yell ow wind ow⑶oa: g oa t b oa t⑷ou: sh ou lder th ou gh⑸oe: w oe[ʊə]:⑴ure: s ure⑵oor: p oor⑶our: t our[aʊ]:⑴ou:ou t ab ou t h ou se bl ou se⑵ow: h ow n ow c ow[eə]:⑴air:air h air ch air⑵are: c are h are p are nt⑶ear: p ear w ear b ear⑷ere: th ere wh ere⑸eir: th eir th eir s⑹a: M a ry[ɔɪ]:⑴oi:oi l t oi let b oi l s oi l⑵oy: b oy t oy empl oy ee辅音：清辅成对辅音：[p]-[b] [t]-[d] [k]-[g] [f]-[v] [s]-[z] [θ]-[ð] [ʃ]-[ʒ] [ts]-[dz] [tʃ]-[dʒ] [tr]-[dr]清音浊化：清辅音[p] [t] [k] [tr]等在[s]后重读时由送气音变为不送气音，即发其浊辅音[b] [d] [g] [dr]，但音标仍写成清辅音。
如：sport[spɔ:t]，student[‘stju:d ənt]，sky[skaɪ], street[str i:t]。
但弱读时[s]后的清辅音仍读请辅音，不读相对的浊辅音。
如：hostess[‘həʊstɪs]。
[p]:⑴p:p en ma p hel p chea p p encil p a p er⑵pp:a pp le ha pp y a pp ear[b]:⑴b:b ag b y b ed b oy b us b lue⑵bb:ra bb it ca bb age[t]:⑴t:t en t ime no t ge t t able⑵tt:bo tt le bo tt om li tt le pre tt y⑶ed:watch ed wash ed cook ed help ed danc ed[d]:⑴d:d esk d oor d ay d og⑵dd:a dd da dd y mi dd le⑶ed:play ed clean ed climb ed answer ed arriv ed air ed boil ed empti edenjoy ed cri ed[k]:⑴c:c at c ome c ut c lock c ry pi c ture blo c⑵cc: o cc asion a cc ording o cc upy a cc laim⑶ch:s ch ool Ch ristmas ch emistry te ch nique te ch nology stoma ch⑷k:boo k bi k e ca k e k ite K ate loo k⑸ck:bla ck du ck clo ck ja ck et co ck⑹q:Ira q co q⑺que:uni que techni que[g]:⑴g:g o g irl bi g g et⑵gg:e gg bi gg er bi gg est⑶gu:gu ess⑷gue:dialo gue⑸gh:gh yll gh ost[f]:⑴f:f ive f ish f ine f amily f i f teen⑵ph:ph oto ph one ele ph ant ph otogra ph⑶gh:lau gh enou gh⑷ff:o ff co ff ee[v]:⑴v:v ery fi v e ha v e⑵f:o f[s]:⑴c:ni c e c ity c ycle⑵s:s it s ix s ome bu s u s e u s de s k book s⑶ss:mi ss cla ss gla ss gra ss⑷sc:sc ience sc ene⑸ps:ps alm ps ywar[z]:⑴s:i s hi s plea s e mu s ic lo s e hu s band apple s⑵es:leav es thiev es kniv es wiv es⑶z:z oo z ero⑷zz:bu zz[θ]:th:th ree th ank mon th th in[ð]:⑴th:th is th e wi th th an⑵the:bre a the soy the[ʃ]:⑴sh:sh e sh oe sh ort sh op wa sh⑵s:s ure A s ia⑶c: spe c ial suffi c ient deli c ious⑷t:sta t ion na t ional pa t ient⑸ss:Ru ss ia profe ss ion⑹ch:ma ch ine[ʒ]:⑴s:u s ually televi s ion plea s ure⑵z:sei z ure⑶ge:gara ge[ts]:⑴ts:shir ts hur ts coa ts cos ts goa ts⑵t’s:L e t’s⑶tes:ki tes ga tes da tes⑷zz:pi zz a[dz]:⑴ds:be ds bir ds han ds frien ds⑵des:deci des[tʃ]:⑴ch:ch air mu ch lun ch Ch ina⑵tch:wa tch⑶t: pic t ure ques t ion[dʒ]:⑴g(e):a g e pa g e hu g e oran g e⑵g:g entle g entleman g eneral⑶dge:bri dge porri dge ju dge⑷j:j ump j acket j ust J une J im⑸ch:sandwi ch[tr]:tr:tr ee tr ip tr y tr ue tr uth [dr]:dr:dr ess dr ive hun dr ed chil dr en单个辅音：[h]:⑴h:h e h er h ave h and h ead h air⑵(w)h:w h o w h om w h ose[l]:⑴l:l et l ook p l ease l ake peop l e⑵ll:te ll fu ll ti ll be ll⑶(t)l(e):whist l e[r]:⑴r:r ed r ight th r ee⑵rr:so rr y wo rr y hu rr y ca rr y ca rr ot⑶(w)r:w r ite w r ong[m]:⑴m:m an m eat m eet ti m e⑵mm:co mm on co mm unicate⑶m(b):cli m b la m b⑷m(n):autu m n[n]:⑴n:n ame n ice n i n e n ear u n der⑵(k)n:k n ow k n ife⑶nn:A nn⑷(m)n:m n emonics[ŋ]:⑴ng:si ng lo ng you ng morni ng⑵n(k):tha n k thi n k i n k pi n k⑶n(g):E n glish[w]:⑴w:w e w indow w ork w alk⑵w(h):w hat w hy w here w hite[j]:⑴y:y es y ou y ear y ellow⑵j:J ensen j a hallelu j ah j aap⑶i:on i on rev i ew mill i on bill i on brill i ant behav i our⑷e:E urope国际音标和英语字母在读音方面的联系—从字母和字母组合到音标Ⅰ.元音字母a及a+其他字母的读音a在重读开音节中读[eɪ]：n a me c a ke g a me f a ce a 在重读闭音节中读[æ]：b a g a m a nd a t s a d a 在辅音字母s,th,f,n,ph前读[ɑ:]：cl a ss f a st gr a sp a sk f a ther a fter d a nce gr a pha在[w]后读[ɒ]或[ɔ:]：w a nt wh a t w a ter[wɔ:tə]a在ny前读[e]：a ny m a nya弱读时读[ə]：a long a bout b a nan a Can a n a Chin aa在非重读音节中读[ɪ]：or a nge cabb a gea读[eə]：M a ryai读[eɪ]：r ai n tr ai n w ai tai读[ɪ]：capt ai nai读[e]：s ai day读[eɪ]：d ay m ay ok ay pl ay tod ayay弱读读[ɪ]：Sund ay holid ayay读[e]：s ay sair读[eə]：air h air ch airal在多数辅音字母前读[ɔ:]（f,m除外）：al l b al l c al l f al l h al l m al l sm al l t al k t al l w al lal还读[ɔ:l]（特别当后面不是k,f,m时）：al so s al tal在辅音字母f,m前读[ɑ:]：h al f p al mar在重读音节中读[ɑ:]：:c ar f ar p ar k ar m st arar在[w]后读[ɔ:]：w ar m qu ar terar弱读读[ə]：sug arare读[eə]：c are h are p are ntass在重读音节中读[ɑ:s]：cl ass gl ass gr ass p assau在重读音节中读[ɔ:]：Au gust au tumn d au ghterau读[ɒ]：Au straliaau还读作[ɑ:]：au nt l au ghaw在重读音节中读[ɔ:]：dr aw s aw l awawe读[ɔ:]：awe awe d awe lessⅡ. 元音字母e及e+其他字母的读音e在重读开音节中读[i:]：h e sh e m e w ee在重读闭音节中读[e]：p e n b e d y e s e gg d e ske在非重读音节中读[ɪ]：b e gin E nglish pr e tty cin e mae弱读读[ə]：stud e nt op e n childr e n diff e r e nte读[ɪə]：z e ro c e real s e riouse读[j]：E uropeea在重读音节中读[i:]：t ea ea t m ea tea读[e]：br ea d h ea d br ea kfastea读[eɪ]：gr ea t br ea kea读[ɪə]：r ea l r ea lly id ea cer ea lear读[ɜ:]：l ear n ear th ear ly h ear dear读[eə]：p ear w ear b earear读[ɪə]：ear d ear h ear n ear cl earear读[ɑ:]：h ear ted在大部分清辅音后读[t]（[t]除外）：watch ed wash ed cook ed help ed danc ed ed在元音和浊辅音后读[d]([d]除外)：play ed clean ed climb ed answer ed arriv ed air ed boil ed empti ed enjoy ed cri eded在[t][d]后读[ɪd]：want ed need edee在重读音节中读[i:]：s ee tr ee s eeeer读[ɪə]：b eer d eer pion eerei读[i:]：rec ei veei读[eɪ]：v ei l v ei nei在gh前读[eɪ]：ei ght ei ghteen ei ghtyeir读[eə]：th eir th eir seo读[i:]：p eo pleer在重读闭音节中读[ɜ:]：h er t er mer在非重读音节中读[ə]：fath er moth er broth er sist erere读[ɪə]：h ereere读[eə]：th ere wh erees在浊辅音（[ʃ][ʒ][dʒ]除外）及元音后，es发[z]：leav es thiev es kniv es wiv es potato es tomato es hero es Negro es go es do es famili es stori eses在[s][z][ʃ][ʒ][tʃ][dʒ]后读[ɪz]：bus es blous es dish es garag es watch es orang esew读[ju:]：n ew n ew spaper revi ewew在l,r,j后读[u:]：fl ew gr ew J ewex读[eks]：ex ercise ex itex读[ɪks]：ex cle ex pensive ex tinctex读[ɪgz]：ex am ex amination ex actlyey读[i:]：k eyey读[ɪ]：monk ey vall eyey读[eɪ]：th eyⅢ.元音字母i及i+其他字母的读音i在重读开音节中读[aɪ]：t i me l i ke r i cei在重读闭音节中读[ɪ]：b i g s i x s i ti读[i:]：pol i ce pol i ceman pol i cewoman mach i nei弱读读[ə]：hol i day Apr i li在非重读音节中读[ɪ]：tax ii读[j]：on i on rev i ew mill i on bill i on brill i ant behav i ouri在元音字母a,e,o前读[aɪ]：d i alogue qu i et p i oneeri在g前读[aɪ]：si g n h i gh l i ght r i ghti在nd前读[aɪ]：f i nd beh i ndi在ld前读[aɪ]：ch i ldi在re前读[aɪ]：f i re t i red ret i re ie在重读音节中辅音字母前读[i:]：p ie ce f ie ld bel ie ve th ie fie在重读音节词词尾读[aɪ]：l ie d ieir在重读音节中读[ɜ:]：b ir d g ir l f ir stⅣ.元音字母o及o+其他字母的读音o在重读开音节中读[əʊ]：g o n o n o se h o meo在辅音字母st,ld前读[əʊ]：p o st o ldo在重读闭音节中读[ɒ]：h o t o n n o t s o rryo读[ɔ:]：st o ryo在辅音字母m,n,v和th前读[^]：c o me n o ne l o ve o thero读[u:]：d o t o wh oo在w后读[ʊ]：w o man w o lfo在非重读音节中读[ə]：t o day p o licemanoa在重读音节中读[əʊ]：b oa t c oa toar读[ɔ:]：b oar d blackb oar d cardb oar doar读[ə]：cupb oar doe读[əʊ]：w oeoe读[u:]：sh oeoi读[ɔɪ]：oi l t oi let b oi l s oi loo一般读[u:]：t oo z oo f oo d p oo l b oo t sch oo loo在d,k和少数t前读[ʊ]：b oo k l oo k g oo d f oo too读[^]：bl oo d fl oo door读[ɔ:]：d oor fl ooroor读[ʊə]：p ooror在重读音节中读[ɔ:]：or f or sh or t sp or tor在[w]后读[ɜ:]：w or k w or d w or ldor读[ə]：doct or f or get mirr orore读[ɔ:]：m ore bef oreou在多数情况下读[aʊ]：ou t ab ou t h ou se bl ou seou在ght前读[ɔ:]：b ou ght br ou ght th ou ghtou读[^]：t ou ch c ou ntry en ou gh y ou ngou读[u:]：s ou p gr ou p thr ou ghou读[əʊ]：sh ou lder th ou ghou读[ɒ]：c ou ghou读[ə]：delici ou s previ ou soul读[ʊ]：c oul d w oul d sh oul dour读[ɔ:]：f our y ourour读[ɜ:]：j our nalist j our nalour读[ə]：col ourour读[ʊə]：t ourour读[aʊə]：our h ourow读[aʊ]：h ow n ow c owow读[əʊ]：sh ow kn ow yell ow wind owowe或ower读[aʊə]：t owe l fl oweroy读[ɔɪ]：b oy t oy empl oy eeⅤ. 元音字母u及u+其他字母的读音u在重读开音节中读[ju:]：st u dent T u esdayu在重读闭音节中读[^]：b u s s u n b u t c u t u p u su处于开音节位置，又在辅音字母j,l,r,s后读[u:]：J u ne fl u ency Febr u ary S u e u在重读闭音节中还读[ʊ]：p u t s u gar f u ll p u shu在非重读音节中读[ə]：min u s aut u mnu读[ɪ]：b u sy min u teu读[e]：b u ryui读[ju:]或[jʊɪ,ju:ɪ]：s ui t s ui cidel,r,j+ui时，ui读作[u:]或[ʊɪ,u:ɪ]：sl ui se fr ui t j ui ce fl ui d r ui nui读[ɪ]：b ui ld b ui ldingur在重读音节中读[ɜ:]：n ur se t ur n h ur t Th ur sdayur读[ə]：s ur prise Sat ur dayure读[ʊə]：s ureure在非重读音节中读[ə]：pict ure pleas ureure在重读音节中读[jʊə]：c ureⅥ.21个辅音字母及辅音字母组合的读音b读[b]：b ag b y b ed b oy b us b luebt,mb在词尾时，b不发音：de b t clim b com bbb读[b]：ra bb it ca bb agec在字母e,i,y前读[s]：ni c e c ity c yclec在字母a,o,u,l,r,t前或在音节末尾读[k]：c at c ome c ut c lock c ry pi c ture blo cc+ia,ie,io时，c读[ʃ]：spe c ial suffi c ient deli c iouscc+a,o,u或l时，cc读[k]：o cc asion a cc ording o cc upy a cc laimcc+e,i时，cc读[ks]：a cc ept a cc identch读[tʃ]：ch air mu ch lun ch Ch inach读[k]：s ch ool Ch ristmas ch emistry te ch nique te ch nology stoma chch读[ʃ]：ma ch inech读[dʒ]：sandwi chck读[k]：bla ck du ck clo ck ja ck et co ckd读[d]：d esk d oor d ay d ogdd读[d]：a dd da dd y mi dd ledge读[dʒ]：bri dge porri dge ju dgedr读[dr]：dr ess dr ive hun dr ed chil dr ends读[dz]：be ds bir ds han ds frien dsdes读[dz]：deci desf读[f]：f ive f ish f ine f amily f i f teenf读[v]：o fff读[f]：o ff co ff eeften读[fən]：o fteng读[g]：g o g irl bi g g etg在e前读[dʒ]：a g e pa g e hu g e oran g eg读[dʒ]：g entle g entleman g eneralgg读[g]：e gg bi gg er bi gg estge读[ʒ]：gara gegh在i,ei,ai,ou,au后不发音：ri gh t ei gh t strai gh t bou gh t dau gh tergh读[f]：lau gh enou ghgh在词首时，读[g]：gh yll gh ostgn,gm在词尾时，g常无声：si g n phle g mgu在词首读[g]：gu essgu在词中读[gw]：lan gu agegue在词尾读[g]：dialo gueh读[h]：h e h er h ave h and h ead h airh不发音：h ourwh读[w]：w hat w hy w here w hitewh在o前读[h]：w h o w h om w h osegh在词首时，h不发音：gh yll gh ostj读[dʒ]：j ump j acket j ust J une J imj读[j]：J ensen j a hallelu j ah j aapk读[k]：boo k bi k e ca k e k ite K ate loo kkn在词首时，k不发音：k now k nifel读[l]：l et l ook p l ease l ake peop l ell读[l]：te ll fu ll ti ll be llm读[m]：m an m eat m eet ti m emb在词尾时，读[m]，b常无声：cli mb co mbmm读[m]：co mm on mn在词首读[n]：m nemonicsmn在词中时，读[mn]：colu mn istmn在词尾时，n常无声：autum n colu mnn读[n]：n ame n ice n i n e n ear u n dern在[ ][ ]前读[ŋ]：pi n k E n glishn在k后读[n]：k n ow k n ifen在m后读[n]：m nemonicsnn读[n]：A nnng在词尾读[ŋ]：si ng lo ng you ng morni ngng在词中读[ŋg]：E ng lish fi ng ernk读[ŋk]：tha nk thi nk i nk pi nkp读[p]：p en ma p hel p chea p p encil p a p erpp读[p]：a pp le ha pp y a pp earph读[f]：ph oto ph one ele ph ant ph otogra phps在词首时，p常不发音：p salm p sywarq读[k]：Ira q co qqu在词首读[kw]：qu een qu ickque在词尾读[k]：uni que techni quer读[r]：r ed r ight th r eerr读[r]：so rr y wo rr y hu rr y ca rr y ca rr otwr读[r]：w r ite w r ongs在词首读[s]：s it s ix s omes在清辅音后读[s]：book s like ss在浊辅音和元音后读[z]：apple s window ss读[z]（尤其是在两个元音字母之间）：hi s i s plea s e mu s ic元音字母+s+无音e：①n.,adj.读[s]：ba s e u s e②v.读[z]：lo s e u s e词中的s,其后跟清辅音字母时，s读[s],其后跟浊辅音字母时，s读[z]：de s k hu s bands读[ʃ]：s ure A s ias读[ʒ]：u s ually televi s ion plea s uresion读[ʒən]：televi sion deci sionsten读[sən]：li stenstle读[stl]：whi stlesure读[ʒə]：plea suresc+i,e,y读[s]：sc ience sc ene sc ythesc+a,o,u读[sk]：sc arf sc ore sc udss读[s]：mi ss cla ss gla ss gra ssss读[ʃ]：Ru ss ia profe ss ionssion读[ʃən]：expre ssionsh读[ʃ]：sh e sh oe sh ort sh op wa sht读[t]：t en t ime no t ge t t ablet读[tʃ]:pic t ure ques t iontch读[tʃ]:wa tcht+ia,ie时，t读[ʃ]：mar t ial pa t ientsten,ften,stle中，t无声：lis t en of t en whis t letes读[ts]：ki tes ga tes da testt读[t]：bo tt le bo tt om li tt le pre tt ytion读[ʃən]：sta t ion na t ional pa t ient[s]+tion时读[tʃən]：ques tionth读[θ]：th ree th ank mon th th inth在pron.,art.,prep.,conj.中读[ð]：th is th e wi th th an词尾the读[ð]：brea the soy the词尾ther读[ðə]：fath er moth er broth er sist ertr读[tr]：tr ee tr ip tr y tr ue tr uthts读[ts]：shir ts hur ts coa ts cos ts goa tst’s读[ts]：Le t’sture读[tʃə]：pic ture v读[v]：v ery fi v e ha v ew读[w]：w e w indow w ork w alkw不发音：t w owh读[w]：w hat w hy w here w hitewh在o前读[h]：w h o w h om w h osewr在词首读[r]，w无声：w r ite w r ongx读[ks]：bo x si x e x cuse ne x tx读[gz]：e x am e x act e x ampley在重读开音节中读[aɪ]：m y b y wh yy在重读闭音节中读[ɪ]：cit y ver y sorr yy在词首读[j]：y es y ou y ear y ellowyr读[ɜ:]：m yr tleyr读[aɪə]：mart yr sat yryre读[ə]：t y re b y rez读[z]：z oo z eroz读[ʒ]：sei z urezz读[z]：bu zzzz读[ts]：pi zz a练习题：1、我们学过七个短元音，它们是，___________________________________,五个长元音是____________________________。
