选修课 细节理解

细节理解题一、题型概述细节理解题一般是命题者根据文章中的具体信息，对事实、例证、原因、特点、过程、论述等信息进行提问，常见一般提问方式有：1.Which of the following is NOT true according to the information in the passage?2.Which of the following is mentioned in the passage?3.What is the example of … as described in the passage?4.The author mentions all of the following except…5.The reason for … is …6.The author states that …7.According to the passage, when (where, why, how, who, etc …)以上7种为严谨的题干形式，除此之外，命题者还会间接引用文章语句，变形一下表达方式。

此时，我们便需要掌握如何通过抓关键词，准确定位原文获取答案的技巧。

二、解题导引Step1: 找词Step2: 定位三、使用说明1.首先要确定是在题干内还是在选项内找关键词：如果题干里包含文章细节的信息，则在题干中寻找关键词。

如果题干中没有提到任何关于文章的信息，如：Which of the following is NOT true according to the information in the passage? 则需要在四个选项中寻找用以定位的关键词。

2.以关键词为线索，返回文章跳读寻查，找到关键词或与之相关的词所在的句子，通过筛选信息，将定位范围缩到最小，节省解题时间，保证答题效果。

四、阅读示例A special laboratory at the University of Chicago is busy only at night. It is a dream laboratory where researchers are at work studying dreamers. Their findings have discovered that everyone dreams from three to seven times a night, although in ordinary life a person may remember none or only one of his dreams.While the subject s—usually student s—sleep, special machines record their brain waves and eye movements as well as the body movements that signal the end of a dream. Surprisingly, all subjects sleep soundly.Observers report that a person usually fidgets (烦躁不安) before a dream. Once the dream has started, his body relaxes and his eyes become more active, as if the curtain had gone up on a show. As soon as the machine shows that the dream is over, a buzzer wakens the sleeper. He sits up, records his dream, and goes back to slee p—perhaps to dream some more.Researchers have found that if the dreamer is wakened immediately after his dream, he can usually recall the entire dream. If he is allowed to sleep even five more minutes, his memory of the dream will have disappeared.1. According to the passage, researchers at the University of Chicago are studying .A. contents of dreamsB. dreamers while they dreamC. the meaning of dreamsD. the progress of sleeping2. The machines being used in the experiment record .A. the depth of sleepB. the subjects’ brain waves and eye movementsC. how many dreams a person hasD. what a sleeper dreams during his sleep3. A person would be most likely to remember the dream that .A. was of most interest to himB. occurred immediately after he went to sleepC. occurred just before he woke upD. was the longest one to him五、乘热打铁Active New ZealandAdventure tours in New Zealand and South AmericaWebsite: www. Activenewzealand. ComPhone: 1-800-661-9073Destinations: South Pacific, New Zealand, South America , Argentina, Chile, Peru, Ecuador, Costa RicaActivities: Bicycling, Mountain, Road, Cross-Country/ Touring, Sea-Kayaking, Hiking&Trekking, Backpacking , Exploring, Day Hiking, Family, Scuba&Snorkeling, Rainforest, Wildlife, Walking.Adventure LifeExceptional travel in Latin America and AntarcticaWebsite: www. adventure-life. comPhone: 1-800-344-6118Destinations: Antarctica, South America, Argentina, Chile, Peru, Ecuador, Bolivia, Central America, Belize, Costa Rica, PanamaActivities:Kayaking, Rafting, Sea-Kayaking, Hiking&Trekking, Backpacking, Exploring, Day Hiking, Multisport, Cultural, Archaeological, Historical, Scuba&Snorkeling, Nature, Rainforest, Wildlife, Eco-focused, Culture-focused, Expedition Cruising.Adventure Spirit/ Travel NetworkAdventure tour operator + Travel agencyWebsite: www. Worldadventures. TravelPhone: 800-492-0257Destinations: Asia, Europe, South Pacific, Antarctica, Africa, South America, North America Activities: Bicycling, Paddlesport, Snowsport, Hiking&Trekking, Caving, Family, Multisport, Cultural, Beach&Watersport, Scuba&Snorkeling, Nature, Photography, Safari, Geotourism, Fishing&Fishing Lodges, Sailing&Cruise, Other, Expedition Cruising, Space, Educational, Walking, Horseback/Dude Ranch, Self- Drive, Around the World Tours.1.Which of the following are NOT country names?A.Argentina&Costa RicaB. Bolivia&ChileC. Peru&New ZealandD. Safari&Scuba2. Which of the following statements is true according to the three advertisements?A. If your are interested in history, you can click www. for more information.B. Both Travel Network and Adventure Life can take you to Africa.C. If your want to enjoy Beach&Watersport, you can call 1-800-661-9073.D. Active New Zealand can provide you adventure tours in New Zealand and Antarctica.3. If Jackson wants to travel around the world, he can call .A. 1-800-661-9073B. 1-800-344-6118C. 800-492-0257D. none of the aboveThe elephant is the largest animal walking on the Earth. An elephant can carry a load of 1200 pounds. They eat 300 pounds of food a day. An elephant baby can weigh 200 pounds at birth. Elephants can live up to 70 years. Elephants can be trained to carry logs with their trunks, and have been used in the forestry industry in Asia for many years.Elephants also use their trunks for drinking water, bathing, eating and communicating.Recently it was discovered that elephants can communicate over a distance of several miles using infrasonic (次声的) sounds inaudible to humans.Elephants use their ears as a cooling system. Blood flows through veins in the ears and as the elephant flaps his ears, the blood cools and flows through his body to cool off other parts.Elephants’ feet are large and round. They distribute the large animal’s weight effectively. In the past, elephants were killed and their feet were made into umbrella stands and small tables for tourists. Now elephants are protected by special laws.There are two kinds of elephants: the African elephant and the Indian elephant. African elephants can be identified by the larger ears. The African elephant grows up to 10 feet tall and weighs as much as 12000 pounds. The Indian elephant grows up to 9 feet tall, and weighs up to 8000 pounds. It’s easier to identity because of its smaller ears. Most circus elephants are Indian elephants. Another name for the Indian elephant is the Asian elephant.Unfortunately, there is a growing conflict between elephants and humans as more of the elephants’habitat is developed. Elephants can destroy the crops of an entire village in a single night, and this also causes conflict. At the moment, there are about 600000 elephants remaining in Africa.1.How much does a baby elephant weigh at birth?A.70 pounds.B. 200 pounds.C. 300 pounds.D. 1200 pounds.2. Hunters made umbrella holders out of .A. elephants’ trunks.B. elephants’ tails.C. elephants’ feet.D. elephants’ teeth.3. An Indian Elephant has than the African Elephant.A. a longer tail.B. a stronger trunk.C. smaller ears.D. bigger teeth.4. Which part of an elephant’s body is used for keeping cool?A. The tailB. The trunkC. The feetD. The ears5. Which of the following is the most dangerous thing to an elephant?A. Human beings.B. Snakes.C. Lions.D. Zebras.I was working as a consultant in a beer company, helping the president and senior vice-presidents form and carry out their new planning projects. It was really a great challenge.At the same time, my mother was in the final stages of cancer.I worked during the day and drove 40 miles home to be with her every night. It was tiring and stressful, but it was what I wanted to do. My commitment was to continue to do excellent consulting during the day, even though my evenings were very hard. I didn’t want to bother the president with my situation, yet I felt someone at the company needed to know what was going on. So I told the vice-president of Human Resources, asking him not to share the information with anyone.A few days later, the president called me into his office.I figured he wanted to talk to me about one of the many issues we were working on. When I entered, he asked me to sit down. He faced me from across his large desk, looked me in the eye and said, “I hear your mother is very ill”.I was totally caught by surprise and burst into tears. He just looked at me, let my crying subside(平息), and then gently said a sentence I will never forget: Whatever you need.That was it. His understanding and his willingness both to let me be in my pain and to offer me everything were qualities of sympathy that I carry with me to this day.1．When the author was working in a beer company, his mother .A．was concerned about him B．drew the president’s attentionC．was seriously ill D．was proud of her son2．Although he felt tired and stressed, he felt it his duty .A．to carry out their new strategic visionB．to avoid bothering the presidentC．to tell the vice-president his difficult situationD．to do his job well and look after his mother3．Most probably, the president got the information from .A．a relative of the author’sB．the vice presidentC．the author’s good friendsD．the author’s collegues4．Which of the following can be used to best describe the president?A．Considerate. B．Intelligent.C．Honest. D．Consultative.5．Which of the following can be the best title of this passage?A．Understanding Is EverywhereB．Generous PresidentC．Sympathy Is NeededD．An Unforgetable MemoryChildren have their own rules in playing games. They seldom need a referee (裁判) and rarely trouble to keep scores. They don't care much about who wins or loses, and it doesn't seem to worry them if the game is not finished. Yet, they like games that depend a lot on luck, so that their personal abilities cannot be directly compare. They also enjoyed games that move in stages, in which each stage, the choosing of leaders, the picking-up of sides, or the determining of which side shall start, is almost a game in itself.Grown-ups can hardly find children's games exciting, and they often feel puzzled at why their kids play such simple games again and again. However, it is found that a child plays games for very important reasons. He can be a good player without having to think whether he is a popular person, and he can find himself being a useful partner to someone of whom he is ordinary afraid. He becomes a leader when it comes to his turn. He can be confident, too, in particular games that it is his place to give orders, to pretend to be dead, to throw a ball actually at someone, or to kiss someone he has caught.It appears to us that when children play a game they imagine a situation under their control. Everyone knows the rules, and more importantly, everyone plays according to the rules. Those rules may be childish, but they make sure that every child has a chance to win.1. What is true about children when they play games?A. They can stop playing any time they like.B. They can test their personal abilities.C. They want to pick a better team.D. They don't need rules.2. To become a leader in a game, the child has to _______.A. play wellB. wait for his turnC. be confident in himselfD. be popular among his playmates3. What do we know about grown-ups?A. They are not interested in games.B. They find children's games too easy.C. They don't need a reason to play games.D. They don't understand children's games.4. Why does a child like playing games?A. Because he can be someone other than himself.B. Because he can become popular among friends.C. Because he finds he is always lucky in games.D. Because he likes the place where he plays a game.5. The writer believes that_______.A. children should make better rules for their gamesB. children should invite grown-ups to play with themC. children's games can do them a lot of goodD. children play games without reasons。