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《老人与海》中译本之比较对翻译的启示闫常英【摘要】目前国内对《老人与海》翻译的研究还很欠缺,可以扩大比较研究的范围,既要从文化、语言、译者等视角入手加以研究,又要对语法、词汇、句法层面的翻译处理情况进行更深入细致的研究;重点研究译文反映海明威的语言风格的力度,从而对各译本的好坏进行分析评价.《老人与海》译本如此众多,如何甄别优劣是摆在读者与学者面前的重要的问题.鉴别译本不仅要做到"宽、广、泛",还要做到"精、准、细".大到文化、语言、译者层面,小到语法、词汇、句法层面都要面面俱到.【期刊名称】《赤峰学院学报（哲学社会科学版）》【年(卷),期】2018(039)003【总页数】3页(P104-106)【关键词】《老人与海》;译本;原文;译文【作者】闫常英【作者单位】池州职业技术学院旅游与教育系, 安徽池州 247000【正文语种】中文【中图分类】H059《老人与海》是海明威的经典著作之一，也是了解作者的独特语言风格的文学名著。
此书创作于1952年。
讲述了以一个真实古巴老渔夫为原型的主人公圣地亚哥坚强地独自在海上钓到一条大马林鱼并和鲨鱼搏斗的经过。
自小说问世以来，国内学者就竞相尝试将它译成中文，其中较著名的有张爱玲、余光中、海关、宋碧云、吴劳、黄源深等。
随着译本不断增多,也引起了学者们对《老人与海》著作及其译本的关注。
学者们对《老人与海》著作的研究相对较多，但对《老人与海》中文译本的研究却为数不多，研究侧重点各不相同，研究主题和方法也大相径庭。
根据我们掌握的资料和文献看，对《老人与海》中译文的不同版本进行的对比、分析、研究也为数不多。
本文以海关、吴劳和张爱玲的3个《老人与海》中文译本进行探讨，希望本研究能够对英文小说中译带来一些有益的启示和帮助。
一、《老人与海》中译本版本梳理《老人与海》的中文翻译，最早始于张爱玲的译本，是《老人与海》在国内的第一个中译本。
在台湾，最早翻译《老人与海》的是余光中，但该译本目前在大陆几乎见不到。
2502019年25期总第465期ENGLISH ON CAMPUS谈创造性叛逆与文学小说翻译——以《老人与海》的两个中译本为例文/徐甜甜大类：有意识型、无意识型和特殊型。
有意识型叛逆又分为：个性化翻译，节译与编译；无意识型叛逆分为：误译与漏译。
特殊型叛逆分为转译与改编。
下文中，笔者将就具体实例进行分析。
五、翻译实例1.个性化翻译。
例1：And there was a norther and he was very cold. (Hemingway，2013).译文1：凄厉的北风吹过，他感到透心凉。
译文2：正在刮北风，他感到很冷。
分析：吴劳的译文更加中规中矩，达到了“三美”论中的“信”和“达”原则；而张白桦译文中的“死了都要斗”、“透心凉”分别借用了流行乐团信乐团大火的歌曲名和雪碧的广告词，这就很好地抓住了青少年读者的兴趣点，读过之后，总能留下一些记忆深刻的东西。
2.误译与漏译。
例2：One sheet. That’s two dollars and a half. Who can we borrow that from? (Hemingway，2013)译文1: “那就订一张。
一张两块五，我们跟谁借这笔钱呢？”译文2：订一张。
这要两块半。
我们向谁去借这笔钱呢？分析：例3就涉及中英文之间度量衡的翻译问题。
“dollars”在英文中指“美元”，而两位译者译为中国货币中的“块”，看上去是误译，实则是中外交流日益频繁，中国读者内心早就明晰货币间的价值关系，不必过分拘泥于字面意思。
3.省译和增译。
例 3：There was no cast net and the boy remembered when they had sold it (Hemingway, 2013).译文1：其实已经没有渔网了，孩子还记得他们是什么时候卖掉的。
译文2：实在并没有渔网，孩子还记得他们是什么时候把它卖掉的。
分析：例4中，译文1中译者将“it”省略了，译文2则保留了“it”，译为“它”，笔者认为，是否省译“it”对译文影响不大。
海明威风格汉译研究以《老人与海》为例一、本文概述海明威，这位20世纪最具影响力的美国作家，以其独特的文学风格和深邃的思想内涵，为世界文学留下了浓墨重彩的一笔。
他的作品语言简练，情感深沉，被誉为“压力下的风度”。
其中，《老人与海》更是他的代表作之一，以其强烈的象征意义和深邃的哲学思考，赢得了全球读者的喜爱和尊敬。
本文旨在深入探讨海明威的汉译风格，并以《老人与海》为例进行具体分析。
我们将从海明威的语言特点、文学风格、主题思想等方面入手，深入剖析其汉译过程中的难点与挑战，以期能更准确地理解和传达海明威的文学魅力。
我们也希望通过这一研究，能为中文读者提供更接近原著精神的翻译版本，使他们在阅读中能更好地感受到海明威的文学世界。
在本文中，我们将首先对海明威的生平及其文学成就进行简要介绍，然后重点分析《老人与海》的汉译过程，包括翻译策略的选择、词汇的转换、句式的调整等方面。
我们将通过对比原著与译本的差异，探讨汉译过程中如何保持海明威独特的文学风格和主题思想。
我们将对海明威汉译研究的现状和未来趋势进行展望，以期能为中文读者带来更加精彩的海明威文学体验。
二、海明威文学风格分析海明威，这位20世纪最伟大的作家之一，以其独特的文学风格在文学史上留下了深远的影响。
他的作品通常简洁明快，语言质朴，情感深沉，这些都体现了他独特的“海明威风格”。
在他的代表作《老人与海》中，这种风格更是得到了充分的体现。
海明威善于运用简练的语言来表达复杂的情感和思想。
他的文字往往不追求华丽的辞藻，而是用最直接、最朴实的语言来描绘场景和刻画人物。
在《老人与海》中，他通过描绘老人与鲨鱼搏斗的场景，生动地展现了人与自然的斗争，同时也揭示了生命的尊严和价值。
这种简练的语言风格，使得他的作品具有极强的感染力和震撼力。
海明威的作品往往注重表现人物的内心世界。
他善于通过人物的行动和对话来揭示他们的心理活动和情感变化。
在《老人与海》中，他通过对老人与鲨鱼的搏斗过程的描写，展现了老人坚韧不拔、永不言败的精神风貌。
2013版八年级上unit1-5对话及课文翻译第一篇：2013版八年级上unit1-5对话及课文翻译2013八年级上（翻译）Unit1里克：嗨，海伦。
好久不见。
海伦：你好，里克。
是的，上个月我去度假了。
里克：奥，你去什么有趣的地方了吗？海伦：是的，我和家人去贵州了。
里克：哇！你们去看黄果树瀑布了吗？海伦：是的，我们去了。
它太壮观了！我们在那里拍了好多照片。
你怎么样？上个月你做什么特别的是来吗？里克：没做什么。
我大部分时间呆在家里看书、休息。
七月15日星期一今天上午，我和我的家人一起来到了马拉西亚的槟城。
天气晴朗而炎热，因此，我们决定去我们入住的那家宾馆附近的海滩。
我姐姐和我尝试玩了空中滑翔伞的运动。
我觉得我就像一只鸟。
那是和刺激的。
午餐，我们吃了非常特别的食物------马来西亚黄面条。
他们是非常美味的。
下午，我们骑自行车去了乔治城。
现在那儿有许多的新的大楼，但是有许多古老的大楼依然在那儿。
在海墘路，乔治城的一个相当古老的地方，我们见到了来自100年前中国商人们建造的那些大楼。
我想知道在过去生活是什么样子。
我真得很享受漫步在城镇的感觉。
七月16日星期二一天产生的变化会如此之大！今天我爸爸和我决定去升旗山。
我们想步行爬到山顶，但是那时天开始下起了小雨因此我们决定乘火车。
我们等了一个多小时的火车，因为有太多的人。
当我们到达山顶的时候，雨下得相当大。
我们没有带雨伞，因此，我们又冷又湿。
情况糟糕极了。
由于这糟糕的天气，我看不到下面的任何东西。
我爸爸没有带足够的钱，因此，我们只吃了一碗米饭和一些雨。
那顿饭好吃极了，因为我是如此的饥饿。
Unit2杰克：嗨，克莱尔，下周你有空吗？克莱尔：嗯....我下周已经安排的很晚了，杰克。
杰克：是吗？怎么会呢？克莱尔：我在上舞蹈课和钢琴课？杰克：你在学哪一门舞蹈？克莱尔：哦，摇摆舞。
他和有意思！我一周上一次课，在周一。
杰克：你多久上一次钢琴课呢？克莱尔：一周两次，在周三和周五。
《老人与海》高中英语读书笔记（有翻译）您需要登录后才可以回帖登录 | 注册发布假期到了，你一定也想看一本好书吧。
以下就是《老人与海》高中英语读书笔记带翻译，供你学习参考。
This year winter vacation, I read a famous American writer Ernest Hemingways novel "the old man and the sea". I really admire the novel old fishermans will, the old man of the story is strong and wisdom. Although he has no longer young, but he USES his extraordinary courage, rich experience and strong will still beat up to 18 feet out of the big fish, after that also repelled many evil terror of sharks. He let me know how a person must have unremitting spirit, could sueed.Story is: old fisherman (old man), in a single sea, caught a big fish, but do not go up. Fish with him a few days later, I found it was more than their big marlin fishing boat several times, while knowing that it is difficult to win, but still dont give up. Later, due to the big marlin wound fish smell attracted several groups of sharks grab, but the old man still dont give up, eventually break, will be the big fish back to fishing port, let other fishermen to admire. When I read the "old fisherman thought: here off the coast is really too close, perhaps in the farther there will be a bigger fish..." , I very admire the oldfisherman, because he has hit some fish, but he was not content with the status quo, but rather towards larger goals. Look at us, a little difficulties at ordinary times, we are all screaming. We are the future of our motherland, should aim high, like the old man is to pursue better and bigger targets. When I read "the big marlin start fast to swim around the small fishing boat, the cable winding to the mast, the old man on his right hand holding the steel fork, at the moment of it leap from the water, try my best to threw its heart, a loud moan ended the big fishs life, it floats quietly on the water..." When, my heart is like a big stone fell. I admire the old man that had no fear, perseverance, though know rival power is very strong, but he didnt flinch, but grasped the tle. Because with this spirit, the old fisherman has the life and death contest suess. We also should study the old fishermans spirit in life, do not afraid of difficulties, to be suessful.翻译：今年寒假，我读了美国著名作家海明威的小说《老人与海》。
《老人与海（节选）》同步练习一、(2023山东济宁月考改编)阅读下面的文字，完成1——3题。
海最伟大的意义在于它为人类提供了一个缎炼和检验自己的意志的无与伦比的场所。
它既能培养人的精神，又可使人的征服精神得到实现。
它以①的气势、暴躁刚烈的脾性吸引和刺激着人们去征服它，就如同一个斗牛士挥舞着猩红的披风，在征服它的过程中，只有它才能向我们提供那样②的场面和使我们的胜利欲望得到最大满足的机会。
大海也有生命，它是活着的，有着一颗经久不息的灵魂，吸引着人们一代一代走向大海。
人们喜欢大海，几乎是一种本能。
一位科学家通过他个人的“别出心裁”的研究，竟然得出一个结论:人类来自大海。
他否定了人与猩猩为近亲之类的说法。
他一口气历数了无数条根据。
比如:婴儿一出生就喜欢水，并能游泳，而小猩猩一丢进水里则会被淹死。
这位科学家的结论比以前那些大家公认不疑的结论来得荒唐。
但，我宁愿相信他的结论:我们来自大海。
可以说，我们对大海的亲近，③，发自内心。
1.请在文中横线处填入恰当的成语。
2.请将文中画横线的部分改成几个较短的语句。
可以改变语序，少量增删词语，但不得改变原意。
答：3.下列各句中的冒号，和文中画波浪线处的冒号作用相同的一项是（）(3分)A.想不通，九头牛也拉不回，想通了，不要人说就直往前冲：他就是这样一个直性子。
B.爸爸气愤地对小明说：“下次再这样，我就罚你抄一遍课文。
”C.本次比赛采取淘汰制，时间:下午三点。
地点:学校运动场。
D.北京紫禁城共有四座城门：午门、神武门、东华门和西华门。
二、(2023河北保定期中)阅读下面的文字，完成4——5题。
“大海退潮了。
海面上露出了美丽的珊瑚……它们一丛一丛，有的像鹿角，有的像扇面，有的像菊花……”简短的文字，生动描绘出珊瑚的千姿百态。
其实，①，珊瑚礁还对地球和海洋生态具有无可替代的重要作用。
比如通过自身形成的三维结构减轻海浪对海岸线的侵蚀，维系海洋生物多样性等。
此外，珊瑚还具有科学研究价值。
老人与海英文版句子语录带翻译《老人与海》是海明威于1951年在古巴写的一篇中篇小说，是海明威最著名的作品之一。
下面是店铺整理的一些老人与海的英文版句子，欢迎大家阅读!老人与海英文版句子1、But a man is not made for defeat. A man can be destroyed but not defeated人不是生来要给打败的，你尽可把他消灭掉，可就是打不败他2、It is silly not to hope, he thought.人不抱希望是很傻的。
3、Now is no time to think of what you do not have. Think of what you can do with what there is.现在不是去想缺少什么的时候，该想一想凭现有的东西你能做什么4、But none of these scars were fresh. They were as old as erosions in a fishless desert. Everything about him was old except his eyes and they were the same color as the sea and were cheerful and undefeated.但是这些伤疤中没有一块是新的。
它们像无鱼可打的沙漠中被侵蚀的地方一般古老。
他身上的一切都显得古老，除了那双眼睛，它们像海水一般蓝，是愉快而不肯认输的.4、They were strange shoulders, still powerful although very old, and the neck was still strong too and the creases did not show so much when the old man was asleep and his head fallen forward.这两个肩膀挺怪，人非常老迈了，肩膀却依然很强健，脖子也依然很壮实，而且当老人睡着了，脑袋向前耷拉着的时候，皱纹也不大明显了5、His shirt had been patched so many times that it was likethe sail and the patches were faded to many different shades by the sun.他的衬衫上不知打了多少次补丁，弄得像他那张帆一样，这些补丁被阳光晒得褪成了许多深浅不同的颜色.6、The clouds over the land now rose like mountains and the coast was only a long green line with the gray blue hills behind it. The water was a dark blue now, so dark that it was almost purple陆地上空的云块这时候像山冈般耸立着,海岸只剩下一长条绿色的线,背后是些灰青色的小山.海水此刻呈现蓝色,深的简直发紫了7、The boy loved the old fisherman and pitied him. If Manolin had no money of his own, he begged or stole to make sure that Santiago had enough to eat and fresh baits for his lines. The old man accepted his kindness with humility that was like a quiet kind of pride.孩子喜欢并且可怜这个老渔人。
译读经典 | 《老人与海》（三）小男孩想请老人在露台酒馆喝杯啤酒，老人答应了。
海明威并没有写到老人答应时的任何情绪，我们只能根据对话猜想。
“为什么不呢？”“都是打鱼的。
”第一句，有点高兴，轻松，理所当然。
第二句，应该是老人接受请客的理由，这是渔夫与渔夫之间的对饮。
今天的内容，是老人和男孩在酒馆里的对话，看上去似乎冗长啰嗦，但如果仔细咂摸，或许我们可以挖出很多别人没看出来的信息。
当当当当~今天的翻译是小伙伴青禾为大家带来的，青禾不是语言专业的，但是他对文学很感兴趣，他的翻译，又是另一番风格，来看看吧！单词卡slap [slæp] v.掴;拍club [klʌb] v.棍击shiver [ˈʃɪvə] v.颤抖lean [liːn]v.把...靠在flatten [ˈflætn] v. 变平tint [tɪnt] v.给...着色01男孩第一次出海When the wind was in the east a smell came across the harbour from the shark factory; but today there was only the faint edge of the odour （气味）because the wind had backed int o the north and then dropped off and it was pleasant and sunny on the Terrace."Santiago," the boy said."Yes," the old man said. He was holding his glass and thinking of many years ago."Can I go out to get sardines（沙丁鱼）for you for tomorrow?""No. Go and play baseball. I can still row and Rogelio will throw the net.""I would like to go. If I cannot fish with you. I would like to serve in some way." "You bought me a beer," the old man said. "You are already a man.""How old was I when you first took me in a boat?""Five and you nearly were killed when I brought the fish in too green and he nearly tore the boat to pieces. Can you remember?"the fish in too green：活蹦乱跳的鱼green 我们都知道有“绿色”的意思，可是不一定知道它可以表示“新鲜的、有活力的”。
译读经典 |《老人与海》（四）单词卡sturdy [ˈstɜːdɪ] adj. 结实的overlap [ovɚˋlæp]v.重叠relics [ˈrelɪk] n.遗物asleep [əˈsliːp] adj. 睡着; 睡熟fade [feɪd] v. 褪色spread [spred] v.展开; 铺开01老人的住处They picked up the gear from the boat. The old man carried the mast on his shoulder and the boy carried the wooden box with the coiled, hard-braided brown lines, the gaff and the harpoon with its shaft（长柄）. The box with the baits was under the stern（船尾） of the skiff along with the club that was used to subdue（制服）the big fish when they were brought alongside. No one would steal from the old man but it was better to take the sail and the heavy lines home as the dew（露水）was bad for them and, though he was quite sure no local people would steal from him, the old man thought that a gaff and a harpoon were needless（没有必要的）temptations（引诱）to leave in a boat.They walked up the road together to the old man's shack（小屋）and went in through its open door. The old man leaned the mast with its wrapped sail against the wall and the boy put the box and the other gear beside it. The mast was nearly as long as the one room of the shack. The shack was made of the tough budshields of the royal palm which are called guano and in it there was a bed, a table, one chair, and a place on the dirt floor to cook with charcoal（木炭）. On the brown walls of the flattened, overlapping leaves of the sturdy fibered guano there was a picture in color of the Sacred Heart ofJesus and another of the Virgin of Cobre. These were relics of his wife. Once there had been a tinted photograph of his wife on the wall but he had taken it down because it made him too lonely to see it and it was on the shelf in the corner under his clean shirt.厘米译他们从船上收拾起东西。
老人把桅杆扛在肩上，男孩拿着木盒，木盒里是一卷编得很结实的褐色钓绳、钓钩和带把儿的鱼叉。
放鱼饵的盒子放在船尾下面，那儿还有一根棍子，是用来对付被拖到船边的大鱼的。
没有人会来偷老人的东西，不过还是把桅杆和笨重的钓绳带回家比较好，因为沾上露水对这些东西很不好，尽管他非常确定当地人不会偷他的东西，但老人觉得，把一把鱼钩和一支鱼叉留在船上，是一种不必要的引诱。
他们一起沿路走到老人的小屋。
门开着，他们走进去。
老人把缠着帆的桅杆靠墙倚着，男孩把盒子和其他东西放在桅杆旁边。
桅杆几乎有一间屋子那么长。
房子是用大椰子树坚硬的苞壳——一种叫“海鸟粪”的东西——做成的，里面有一张床、一张桌子、一把椅子，泥地上还有一块用木炭烧饭的地方。
褐色的墙壁，是用纤维结实的“海鸟粪”展平后交错叠铺而成的，上面有一幅彩色的耶稣圣心图，还有一幅科布莱圣母图。
这些是他妻子的遗物。
以前，墙上曾挂着他妻子的彩色照片，但他拿下来了，因为他一看照片，就觉得特别孤独。
照片就放在角落的架子上，在他一件干净衬衫下面。
02报纸上的棒球消息"What do you have to eat?" the boy asked."A pot of yellow rice with fish. Do you want some?" "No. I will eat at home. Do you want me to make the fire?" "No. I will make it later on. Or I may eat the rice cold." "May I take the cast net?""Of course."There was no cast net and the boy remembered when they had sold it. But they went through this fiction every day. There was no pot of yellow rice and fish and the boy knew this too."Eighty-five is a lucky number," the old man said. "How would you like to see me bring one in that dressed out over a thousand pounds?""I'll get the cast net and go for sardines. Will you sit in the sun in the doorway?""Yes. I have yesterday's paper and I will read the baseball."The boy did not know whether yesterday's paper was a fiction too. But the old man brought it out from under the bed."Perico gave it to me at the bodega（酒馆）," he explained. "I'll be back when I have the sardines. I'll keep yours and mine together on ice and we can share them in the morning. When I come back you can tell me about the baseball.""The Yankees cannot lose.""But I fear the Indians of Cleveland.""Have faith in the Yankees my son. Think of the great DiMaggio.""I fear both the Tigers of Detroit and the Indians of Cleveland.""Be careful or you will fear even the Reds of Cincinnati and the White Sax of Chicago.""You study it and tell me when I come back.""Do you think we should buy a terminal of the lottery（彩票）with an eighty-five? Tomorrow is the eighty-fifth day.""We can do that," the boy said. "But what about the eighty-seven of your great record?""It could not happen twice. Do you think you can find an eighty-five?""I can order one.""One sheet. That's two dollars and a half. Who can we borrow that from?"'That's easy. I can always borrow two dollars and a half.""I think perhaps I can too. But I try not to borrow. First you borrow. Then you beg.""Keep warm old man," the boy said. "Remember we are in September.""The month when the great fish come," the old man said. "Anyone can be a fisherman in May.""I go now for the sardines," the boy said.厘米译“有什么吃的吗？”男孩问。
