nd-sql A multi-dimensional language for interoperability and olap

英语作文如何学习中国古诗词Studying Chinese ancient poetry is a great way to deepen your understanding of Chinese culture and language. However, for English learners, it can be quite challenging to grasp the essence of Chinese poetry due to the language and cultural barriers. In this article, we will explore some effective ways to learn Chinese ancient poetry in English.First and foremost, it is essential to have a good grasp of the Chinese language. Since most Chinese ancient poetry is written in classical Chinese, which is quite different from modern Chinese, having a basic understanding of the language will help you comprehend the meaning and beauty of the poems. Therefore, it is recommended to take Chinese language courses or use language learning apps to improve your Chinese proficiency.In addition to language skills, having a good understanding of Chinese culture and history is also crucial for learning Chinese ancient poetry. Chinese poetry often reflects the social, cultural, and historical context of the time it was written. Therefore, it is beneficial to study Chinese history and culture to gain insights into the background of the poems. Reading books, watching documentaries, and visiting Chinese cultural sites can all contribute to a deeper understanding of Chinese culture and history.Furthermore, reading annotated versions of Chinese ancient poetry in English can be very helpful for English learners. Annotated versions provide explanations and interpretations of the poems, which can help readers understand the meaning, imagery, and cultural references in the poetry. There are many well-translated and annotated versions of Chinese ancient poetry available in English, and reading these can greatly enhance your appreciation and understanding of the poems.Another effective way to learn Chinese ancient poetry in English is to participate in poetry workshops or discussion groups. Joining a community of poetry lovers and learners can provide you with opportunities to discuss, analyze, and appreciate Chinese ancient poetry with others who share the same interest. By exchanging ideas and insights, you can gain new perspectives and deepen your understanding of the poetry.Moreover, practicing writing Chinese ancient poetry in English can also be a valuable learning experience. By attempting to translate or create your own English versions of Chinese ancient poetry, you can gain a deeper understanding of the poetic techniques, imagery, and cultural nuances in the original poems. This creative process can help you internalize the beauty and depth of Chinese ancient poetry.Lastly, immersing yourself in the world of Chinese ancient poetry through various multimedia resources can enrich your learning experience. Watching Chinese poetry recitals, listening to traditional Chinese music, and exploring Chinese art and calligraphy can all provide you with a multi-dimensional understanding of Chinese ancient poetry. These sensory experiences can help you appreciate the aesthetic and emotional aspects of the poetry in a more profound way.In conclusion, learning Chinese ancient poetry in English requires a combination of language skills, cultural understanding, and creative exploration. By incorporating these effective learning strategies into your study routine, you can enhance your appreciation and comprehension of Chinese ancient poetry, and gain a deeper insight into the rich cultural heritage of China.。

融合多尺度通道注意力的开放词汇语义分割模型SAN作者：武玲张虹来源：《现代信息科技》2024年第03期收稿日期：2023-11-29基金项目：太原师范学院研究生教育教学改革研究课题（SYYJSJG-2154）DOI：10.19850/ki.2096-4706.2024.03.035摘要：随着视觉语言模型的发展，开放词汇方法在识别带注释的标签空间之外的类别方面具有广泛应用。

相比于弱监督和零样本方法，开放词汇方法被证明更加通用和有效。

文章研究的目标是改进面向开放词汇分割的轻量化模型SAN，即引入基于多尺度通道注意力的特征融合机制AFF来改进该模型，并改进原始SAN结构中的双分支特征融合方法。

然后在多个语义分割基准上评估了该改进算法，结果显示在几乎不改变参数量的情况下，模型表现有所提升。

这一改进方案有助于简化未来开放词汇语义分割的研究。

关键词：开放词汇；语义分割；SAN；CLIP；多尺度通道注意力中图分类号：TP391.4；TP18 文献标识码：A 文章编号：2096-4706（2024）03-0164-06An Open Vocabulary Semantic Segmentation Model SAN Integrating Multi Scale Channel AttentionWU Ling， ZHANG Hong（Taiyuan Normal University， Jinzhong 030619， China）Abstract： With the development of visual language models， open vocabulary methods have been widely used in identifying categories outside the annotated label. Compared with the weakly supervised and zero sample method， the open vocabulary method is proved to be more versatile and effective. The goal of this study is to improve the lightweight model SAN for open vocabularysegmentation， which introduces a feature fusion mechanism AFF based on multi scale channel attention to improve the model， and improve the dual branch feature fusion method in the original SAN structure. Then， the improved algorithm is evaluated based on multiple semantic segmentation benchmarks， and the results show that the model performance has certain improvement with almost no change in the number of parameters. This improvement plan will help simplify future research on open vocabulary semantic segmentation.Keywords： open vocabulary; semantic segmentation; SAN; CLIP; multi scale channel attention 0 引言識别和分割任何类别的视觉元素是图像语义分割的追求。

多维细目表在英语作文中的应用与探索The application of multi-dimensional analysis tables in English writing has become increasingly important, as they provide a structured approach to organizing and analyzing complex writing tasks. These tables assist writers in breaking down their essays into manageable parts, ensuring that all relevant content and perspectives are included. In this article, we will explore the use of multi-dimensional analysis tables in English writing, discussing their benefits, challenges, and practical applications.**一、多维细目表的概念与重要性**Multi-dimensional analysis tables, often referred to as "rubrics" or "scoring guides," are frameworks that organize and categorize key elements of a writing task. They typically include dimensions such as content, organization, language use, and mechanics, each with its own set of criteria and sub-criteria. By using these tables, writers can ensure that their essays are comprehensive, coherent, and well-structured.**二、多维细目表在英语作文中的应用**In English writing, multi-dimensional analysis tables can be used in various ways. Here are a few examples:**1. Planning and Outlining**Before writing an essay, students can use multi-dimensional analysis tables to plan and outline their ideas. By identifying the key dimensions of the writing task and breaking them down into specific criteria, students can organize their thoughts and ideas more effectively. This approach helps them to identify gaps in their understanding and to develop a clear, focused argument.**2. Monitoring Progress**As students write their essays, they can use multi-dimensional analysis tables to monitor their progress. By referring to the tables, they can ensure that they are addressing all the relevant dimensions and criteria. This approach helps them to stay on track and to avoid wandering off-topic or neglecting important aspects of the writing task.**3. Peer Review and Feedback**Multi-dimensional analysis tables can also be used for peer review and feedback. By using the tables as a common framework, students can provide constructive criticism and feedback to each other's work. This approach helps them to identify areas for improvement and to develop their writing skills collaboratively.**三、多维细目表的挑战与解决方案**While multi-dimensional analysis tables have numerous benefits in English writing, they also present some challenges. Here are a few challenges and potential solutions:**1. Complexity and Overlap**One challenge with multi-dimensional analysis tables is the potential for complexity and overlap between different dimensions and criteria. To address this issue, writers can simplify the tables by combining similar criteria or eliminating redundant ones. They can also provide clear definitions and examples for each criterion to ensure consistency and clarity.**2. Subjectivity and Interpretation**Another challenge with multi-dimensional analysis tables is the subjectivity and interpretation involved in scoring and evaluating essays. To mitigate this issue, writers can use clear, objective criteria and examples in their tables. They can also involve multiple evaluators or conduct training sessions to ensure consistency in scoring and evaluation.**四、结论**In conclusion, multi-dimensional analysis tables play a crucial role in English writing. They provide a structured approach to organizing and analyzing complex writing tasks, helping writers to develop comprehensive, coherent, and well-structured essays. While they present some challenges, these can be addressed through simplification, clarity, and consistency in their design and use. By leveraging the power of multi-dimensional analysis tables, students can improve their English writing skills and develop more effective arguments and perspectives.**多维细目表在英语作文中的应用与探索**多维细目表在英语写作中的应用越来越重要，因为它们为组织和分析复杂的写作任务提供了结构化的方法。

韩国舞台剧涂鸦秀英文介绍Graffiti Show is a cutting-edge form of performance art originating from South Korea, combining elements of dance, music, visual effects, and storytelling. 涂鸦秀是一种源自韩国的前卫表演形式，结合了舞蹈、音乐、视觉效果和叙事元素。

This unique and innovative art form has gained popularity across the globe for its dynamic creativity and immersive experience. 这种独特创新的艺术形式因其动态的创造力和沉浸式体验而在全球范围内受到欢迎。

The performers in Graffiti Show showcase their incredible talents through intricate choreography, mesmerizing visuals, and captivating storytelling that resonates with audiences of all ages. 涂鸦秀的表演者通过错综复杂的编排、迷人的视觉效果和引人入胜的叙事展示他们令人难以置信的才华，这种艺术形式可以让不同年龄层的观众产生共鸣。

Each performance tells a unique story, often drawing from contemporary issues, historical events, or cultural themes, creating a powerful and thought-provoking experience for the audience. 每场演出都讲述一个独特的故事，常常汲取自当代问题、历史事件或文化主题，为观众带来强大而发人深思的体验。

小王子中玫瑰花的简单英语读后感The story of The Little Prince is a timeless classic, and the character of the rose holds a special significance throughout the text. The rose represents love, beauty, and fragility, but also selfishness, pride, and vulnerability. The complexity of the rose's character mirrors the complexities of human relationships, making it a deeply relatable and thought-provoking aspect of the story.《小王子》这个故事已经成为永恒的经典，而玫瑰花这个角色在整个故事中扮演着重要的角色。

玫瑰代表着爱、美丽和脆弱，同时也代表着自私、骄傲和脆弱。

玫瑰的复杂性反映了人际关系的复杂性，使它成为故事中深刻而发人深省的部分。

On one hand, the rose's beauty and fragility elicits a sense of empathy and tenderness from the reader. The way the Little Prince cares for and protects the rose demonstrates the preciousness of love and the willingness to overlook flaws in the ones we love. This portrayal of love and devotion is a poignant reminder of the importance of nurturing and valuing our relationships.一方面，玫瑰的美丽和脆弱引发了读者的同情和柔情。

作品阐述模板范文英语In the following piece, the author aims to provide an insightful analysis and interpretation of a particular work. The chosen artwork captivates the audience through its masterful execution and intriguing subject matter. Through a comprehensive examination, the author explores various elements present within the work, such as the use of color, composition, and symbolism.The artist skillfully employs a vibrant color palette, employing shades of blues and purples to create a sense of depth and mystery. This choice of colors, combined with delicate brushstrokes, evokes a dream-like atmosphere, giving the piece an ethereal quality. The interplay of light and shadow adds a dynamic touch, accentuating the contours and creating a three-dimensional effect.Furthermore, the composition of the artwork plays a significant role in capturing the viewer's attention. The use of leading lines and carefully placed elements directs the eyes towards the focal point of the piece, allowing the viewer to fully immerse themselves in its narrative. The clever arrangement of figures and objects within the frame creates a sense of balance and harmony, enhancing the overall visual experience.Symbolism plays a pivotal role in this artwork, allowing for deeper layers of interpretation. Through the use of recurring motifs, such as a lone figure standing near a window, the artist invokes a sense of introspection and solitude. This choice hints at themes of isolation and introspection, inviting the viewer to reflect upon their own experiences. Additionally, the inclusion of various objects and symbols adds an additional layer of meaning, encouraging the viewer to delve further into the narrative presented by the artist.In conclusion, this artwork successfully captivates its audience through its masterful use of color, composition, and symbolism. The artist's attention to detail and creativity allows for a multi-dimensional interpretation, providing the viewer with a thought-provoking experience. Through this analysis, we gain a richer understanding and appreciation for the talent and creativity of the artist behind the work.。

Standard C Language Basic Tutorial English Edition, Fourth Edition: Teaching Design IntroductionThe Standard C Language Basic Tutorial is an essential resource for learning the basics of C programming language. This tutorial is the fourth edition and is written in English. This teaching design provides an outline for developing a comprehensive curriculum for utilizing this tutorial to teach C programming to beginners. The teaching design includes the objectives, course outline, materials required, assessment tools and resources for both students and teachers.ObjectivesThe objectives of this teaching design are to:1.Introduce students to the basics of the C programminglanguage.2.Help students understand the syntax and common programmingconstructs of C.3.Enhance the logical thinking and problem-solving skills ofstudents.4.Enable students to read and write simple code in C.5.Prepare students for advanced-level programming languagesand courses.Course OutlineModule 1: Introduction to C Programming•Introduction to C programming•History of C Programming Language•Structure of a C program•Data Types in CModule 2: Input and Output•Standard Input and Output Functions in C•Console Input and Output Functions in C Module 3: Control Flow•Unary, Binary, and Ternary Operators•Decision-making Statements•Looping Statements•Switch Statement•Break and Continue Statements•Goto StatementModule 4: Functions•Function Prototype and Declaration•Function Definition•Call by Value•Call by Reference•Recursive Function•Returning Values from FunctionsModule 5: Arrays and Strings•Arrays in C•Multi-Dimensional Arrays in C•Strings in C•String Functions in C•Character arrays vs String arraysModule 6: Pointers•Pointers in C•Understanding the concept of pointers•Pointer ArithmeticModule 7: Structures and Unions•Structures in C•Unions in C•Pointer to Structures in C•Structure within a Structure in CModule 8: File Handling•Opening the file•Reading and Writing from and to the file•Closing the file•Error handlingMaterials Required•Computers•Standard C Language Basic Tutorial English Edition, Fourth Edition Book•Pen and paperAssessment Tools•Quizzes•Assignments•Class participationResources for Students and Teachers•IDE (Integrated Development Environment) - Eclipse, CodeBlocks, Visual Studio•Online Tutorials and Videos - YouTube, Udemy, Coursera• C programming forums like Stack Overflow and Reddit ConclusionThis teaching design provides an outline for developing a comprehensive curriculum for teaching C programming using the Standard C Language Basic Tutorial. It includes objectives, course outline, materials required, assessment tools and resources for both students and teachers. By following this teaching design, students will acquire a solid foundation in C programming and will be well-prepared for advanced-level programming languages and courses.。

2023联合国英语演讲Ladies and gentlemen,Greetings to all distinguished guests and fellow speakers. It is a privilege to stand before you today as we gather to discuss important global issues and work towards finding solutions.As we step into the year 2023, it is undeniable that we face numerous challenges that require our collective effort and cooperation. From climate change to poverty, fromconflicts to inequalities, our world yearns for immediate action and sustainable change. Today, I stand here to address one of these pressing issues – the need for access toquality education for all.Education has long been recognized as a fundamental human right, essential for personal development, societal progress, and the achievement of global peace and prosperity. However,the COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated pre-existing education gaps, disproportionately impacting the most vulnerable communities. As we strive to build back better, it becomes imperative that we prioritize education as the foundation of a just and inclusive society.To achieve this, we must adopt a multi-dimensional approach. Firstly, we need to ensure equal access to education for all, irrespective of gender, ethnicity, socio-economic background, or physical ability. This requires investing in infrastructure, promoting inclusive policies, and combating discriminatory practices that hinder education opportunities.Secondly, the quality of education must be improved to equip learners with the necessary skills for the rapidly evolving 21st-century job market. This involves updating curricula, training teachers, and leveraging technology to enhance learning outcomes. By modernizing education systems,we can foster innovation and creativity, empowering individuals to actively contribute to the sustainable development of their communities.Thirdly, we must address the persistent gender disparities in education. Girls and young women continue to face unique barriers that jeopardize their access to education. We must dismantle cultural norms, provide safe learning environments, and promote policies that empower girls to pursue their educational aspirations. Investing in girls' education is not only a matter of justice, but also a catalyst for social and economic progress.Lastly, to achieve universal education, we must enhance international cooperation and collaboration. The United Nations, with its vast network and diplomatic abilities, plays a crucial role in facilitating dialogue among nations and mobilizing resources. We must strengthen partnerships between governments, civil society organizations, and theprivate sector to leverage their expertise, resources, and innovation to overcome education challenges globally.As we move forward towards 2030, the deadline of the Sustainable Development Goals, let us recommit ourselves to the goal of quality education for all. Let us seize the opportunities presented by technology, creativity, and international cooperation. By investing in education, we invest in a brighter future for generations to come, where every person has the power to shape their own destiny and contribute meaningfully to society.Together, let us take bold and decisive actions to create an inclusive and equitable world, where education becomes the catalyst for positive change. Thank you.。

Essentials of Management Information Systems, 9e (Laudon/Laudon)Chapter 5 Foundations of Business Intelligence: Databases andInformation Management1) Each characteristic or quality describing a particular entity is called an attribute. Answer: TRUEDiff: 2 Page Ref: 160AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension2) A grouping of characters into a word, a group of words, or a complete number is called a record.Answer: FALSEDiff: 2 Page Ref: 160AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension3) Every record in a file should contain at least one key field.Answer: TRUEDiff: 1 Page Ref: 160AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension4) In normalization, complex groupings of data are streamlined to eliminate awkward many-to-many relationships.Answer: TRUEDiff: 2 Page Ref: 163AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension5) DBMS simplify how end users work with databases by separating the logical and physical views of the data.Answer: TRUEDiff: 2 Page Ref: 165AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension6) Many applications today require databases that can store and retrieve multimedia. Answer: TRUEDiff: 1 Page Ref: 169AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension7) One of the drawbacks to OODBMS is that they cannot work with applets.Answer: FALSEDiff: 2 Page Ref: 169AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension8) OODBMS are slower than relational DBMS.Answer: TRUEDiff: 2 Page Ref: 169AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension9) A data warehouse may include information from legacy systems.Answer: TRUEDiff: 2 Page Ref: 170AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension10) A data warehouse is typically comprised of several smaller data marts.Answer: FALSEDiff: 2 Page Ref: 170, 172AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension11) OLAP is a key tool of BI.Answer: TRUEDiff: 2 Page Ref: 173AACSB: Use of ITCASE: Comprehension12) OLAP is used to find hidden patterns and relationships in large databases, and infer rules from these to infer future behavior.Answer: FALSEDiff: 2 Page Ref: 174AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension13) Data mining can be a challenge to individual privacy.Answer: TRUEDiff: 2 Page Ref: 176AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension14) Predictive analysis is a technique of data mining.Answer: FALSEDiff: 3 Page Ref: 175AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension15) Implementing a Web interface for a database requires changes to the database itself. Answer: FALSEDiff: 2 Page Ref: 177AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension16) Common Gateway Interface is a specification for processing data on a Web server. Answer: TRUEDiff: 2 Page Ref: 177AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension17) In linking databases to the Web, the role of the application server is to host the DBMS. Answer: FALSEDiff: 3 Page Ref: 177AACSB: Use of ITCASE: Comprehension18) A firm’s information policy lays out who is responsible for updating and maintaining the information in a database system.Answer: TRUEDiff: 1 Page Ref: 178AACSB: Use of ITCASE: Comprehension19) The use of different terms for identifying data in a firm's various information systems is an example of redundant data.Answer: FALSEDiff: 2 Page Ref: 179AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension20) Data cleansing is the same process as data scrubbing.Answer: TRUEDiff: 2 Page Ref: 179AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension21) Which of the following is not a true statement about MDM?A) Its goal is to ensure a company is not using multiple versions of the same data.B) It is a multi-step process that includes business process analysis.C) It is a quality-of-data concept that is used to identify a company's most important data.D) Its goal is to create a single, authenticated master file for the company's data. Answer: CDiff: 2 Page Ref: 158AACSB: Analytic SkillsCASE: Evaluation in terms of assess22) What is the first step you should take in managing data for a firm?A) Identify the data needed to run the businessB) Cleanse the data before importing it to any databaseC) Normalize the data before importing to a databaseD) Audit your data qualityAnswer: ADiff: 2 Page Ref: 160AACSB: Analytic SkillsCASE: Synthesis in terms of assemble, plan23) An example of a pre-digital database is a:A) library’s card-catalog.B) cash register receipt.C) doctor’s office invoice.D) list of sales totals on a spreadsheet.Answer: ADiff: 2 Page Ref: 159AACSB: Analytic SkillsCASE: Analysis in terms of categorize24) Which of the following best illustrates the relationship between entities and attributes?A) The entity CUSTOMER with the attribute PRODUCTB) The entity CUSTOMER with the attribute ADDRESSC) The entity PRODUCT with the attribute PURCHASED) The entity PRODUCT with the attribute CUSTOMERAnswer: BDiff: 2 Page Ref: 160AACSB: Analytic SkillsCASE: Analysis in terms of categorize25) The type of logical database model that treats data as if they were stored in two-dimensional tables is the:A) OODBMS.B) pre-digital DBMS.C) relational DBMS.D) hierarchical DBMS.Answer: CDiff: 2 Page Ref: 160AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension26) What are the relationships that the relational database is named for?A) Relationships between rows and columnsB) Relationships between entitiesC) Relationships between fields and recordsD) Relationships between databasesAnswer: BDiff: 2 Page Ref: 160, 162AACSB: Analytic SkillsCASE: Analysis in terms of examine27) A characteristic or quality describing an entity is called a(n):A) field.B) tuple.C) key field.D) attribute.Answer: DDiff: 1 Page Ref: 160AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension28) The most basic business database is comprised of:A) three tables: for customers, suppliers and parts, and sales.B) four tables: for customers, suppliers, parts, and sales.C) four tables: for customers, employees, suppliers and parts, and table sales.D) five tables: for customers, employees, suppliers, products, and sales.Answer: DDiff: 3 Page Ref: 160AACSB: Analytic SkillsCASE: Analysis in terms of examine29) In a table for customers, the information about a single customer would reside in a single:A) field.B) row.C) column.D) table.Answer: BDiff: 2 Page Ref: 160AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension30) In a relational database, a record is also called a(n):A) tuple.B) row.C) entity.D) field.Answer: ADiff: 2 Page Ref: 160AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension31) A field identified in a table as holding the unique identifier of the table’s records is called the:A) primary key.B) key field.C) primary field.D) foreign key.Answer: ADiff: 2 Page Ref: 160AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension32) A field identified in a record as holding the unique identifier for that record is called the:A) primary key.B) key field.C) primary field.D) foreign key.Answer: BDiff: 2 Page Ref: 160AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension33) A schematic of the entire database that describes the relationships in a database is called a(n):A) data dictionary.B) intersection relationship diagram.C) entity-relationship diagram.D) data definition diagram.Answer: CDiff: 2 Page Ref: 162AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension34) A one-to-one relationship between two entities is symbolized in a diagram by a line that ends:A) in two short marks.B) in one short mark.C) with a crow’s foot.D) with a crow’s foot topped by a short mark.Answer: ADiff: 3 Page Ref: 162AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension35) A one-to-many relationship between two entities is symbolized in a diagram by a line that ends:A) in two short marks.B) in one short mark.C) with a crow’s foot.D) with a cr ow’s foot preceded by a short mark.Answer: DDiff: 3 Page Ref: 162AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension36) A table that links two tables that have a many-to-many relationship is often called a(n):A) derived table.B) intersection relation.C) foreign table.D) entity-relationship table.Answer: BDiff: 2 Page Ref: 162-163AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension37) The process of streamlining data to minimize redundancy and awkward many-to-many relationships is called:A) normalization.B) data scrubbing.C) data cleansing.D) data administration.Answer: ADiff: 2 Page Ref: 163AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension38) A DBMS makes the:A) physical database available for different logical views.B) logical database available for different analytical views.C) physical database available for different relational views.D) relational database available for different physical views.Answer: ADiff: 2 Page Ref: 165AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension39) The logical view of a database:A) shows how data are organized and structured on the storage media.B) presents an entry screen to the user.C) allows the creation of supplementary reports.D) presents data as they would be perceived by end users.Answer: DDiff: 2 Page Ref: 165AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension40) Which of the following is not a typical feature of DBMS?A) Data manipulation languageB) Report generation toolsC) Data dictionaryD) Query wizard toolAnswer: DDiff: 2 Page Ref: 166-1688AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension41) Oracle Database Lite is a:A) DBMS for small handheld computing devices.B) popular open-source DBMS.C) Mainframe relational DBMS.D) DBMS for midrange computers.Answer: ADiff: 2 Page Ref: 165AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension42) Access is a:A) DBMS for small handheld computing devices.B) popular open-source DBMS.C) DBMS for midrange computers.D) DBMS for desktop systems.Answer: DDiff: 2 Page Ref: 165AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension43) MySQL is a:A) DBMS for small handheld computing devices.B) popular open-source DBMS.C) mainframe relational DBMS.D) DBMS for desktop systems.Answer: BDiff: 2 Page Ref: 165AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension44) Microsoft SQL Server is a(n):A) DBMS for small handheld computing devices.B) Internet DBMS.C) Desktop relational DBMS.D) DBMS for midrange computers.Answer: DDiff: 2 Page Ref: 165AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension45) In a relational database, the three basic operations used to develop useful sets of data are:A) select, project, and where.B) select, join, and where.C) select, project, and join.D) select, from, and join.Answer: CDiff: 2 Page Ref: 166AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension46) The select operation:A) combines relational tables to provide the user with more information than is otherwise available.B) creates a subset consisting of columns in a table.C) identifies the table from which the columns will be selected.D) creates a subset consisting of all records in the file that meets stated criteria.Answer: DDiff: 2 Page Ref: 166AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension47) The join operation:A) combines relational tables to provide the user with more information than is otherwise available.B) identifies the table from which the columns will be selected.C) creates a subset consisting of columns in a table.D) organizes elements into segments.Answer: ADiff: 2 Page Ref: 166AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension48) The project operation:A) combines relational tables to provide the user with more information than is otherwise available.B) creates a subset consisting of columns in a table.C) organizes elements into segments.D) identifies the table from which the columns will be selected.Answer: BDiff: 2 Page Ref: 166AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension49) The data dictionary serves as an important data management tool by:A) assigning attributes to the data.B) creating an inventory of data definitions contained in the database.C) specifying the structure of the content of the database.D) maintaining data in updated form.Answer: BDiff: 2 Page Ref: 166AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension50) An automated or manual file that stores information about data elements and data characteristics such as usage, physical representation, ownership, authorization, and security is the:A) data dictionary.B) data definition diagram.C) entity-relationship diagram.D) relationship dictionary.Answer: ADiff: 2 Page Ref: 166AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension51) The specialized language programmers use to add and change data in the database is called:A) data dictionary language.B) data manipulation language.C) Structured Query Language.D) data definition language.Answer: BDiff: 2 Page Ref: 166AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension52) The most prominent data manipulation language today is:A) Access.B) DB2.C) SQL.D) Crystal Reports.Answer: CDiff: 1 Page Ref: 168AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension53) DBMS typically include report-generating tools in order to:A) retrieve and display data.B) display data in an easier-to-read format.C) display data in graphs.D) perform predictive analysis.Answer: BDiff: 2 Page Ref: 168AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension54) The type of database management approach that can handle multimedia is the:A) hierarchical DBMS.B) relational DBMS.C) network DBMS.D) object-oriented DBMS.Answer: DDiff: 2 Page Ref: 169AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension55) Which of the following database types is useful for storing Java applets as well as handling large numbers of transactions?A) Relational DBMSB) Hierarchical DBMSC) Object-relational DBMSD) OODBMSAnswer: CDiff: 2 Page Ref: 169AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension56) A data warehouse is composed of:A) historical data.B) current data.C) internal and external data sources.D) both historical and current data.Answer: DDiff: 3 Page Ref: 170AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension57) Which of the following statements about data warehouses is not true?A) They store supply data to be used across the enterprise for management analysis and decision making.B) Data warehouse systems provide a range of ad hoc and standardized query tools, analytical tools, and graphical reporting facilities.C) They may include data from Web site transactions.D) Data warehouse systems provide easy-to-use tools for managers to easily update data. Answer: DDiff: 2 Page Ref: 170AACSB: Use of ITCASE: Comprehension58) A data mart usually can be constructed more rapidly and at lower cost than a data warehouse because:A) it typically focuses on a single subject area or line of business.B) all the information is historical.C) it uses a Web interface.D) all of the information belongs to a single company.Answer: ADiff: 2 Page Ref: 172-173AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Evaluation in terms of weighing alternatives59) Tools for consolidating, analyzing, and providing access to vast amounts of data to help users make better business decisions are known as:A) DSS.B) business intelligence.C) OLAP.D) data mining.Answer: BDiff: 2 Page Ref: 173AACSB: Use of ITCASE: Comprehension60) The tool that enables users to view the same data in different ways using multiple dimensions is:A) predictive analysis.B) SQL.C) OLAP.D) data mining.Answer: CDiff: 2 Page Ref: 174AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension61) OLAP is a tool for enabling:A) users to obtain online answers to ad hoc questions in a rapid amount of time.B) users to view both logical and physical views of data.C) programmers to quickly diagram data relationships.D) programmers to normalize data.Answer: ADiff: 2 Page Ref: 174AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension62) Data mining is a tool for allowing users to:A) quickly compare transaction data gathered over many years.B) find hidden relationships in data.C) obtain online answers to ad hoc questions in a rapid amount of time.D) summarize massive amounts of data into much smaller, traditional reports. Answer: BDiff: 2 Page Ref: 175AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension63) In terms of the data relationships found by data mining, associations refers to:A) events linked over time.B) patterns that describe a group to which an item belongs.C) occurrences linked to a single event.D) undiscovered groupings.Answer: CDiff: 2 Page Ref: 175AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension64) In terms of the data relationships found by data mining, sequences refers to:A) events linked over timeB) patterns that describe a group to which an item belongs.C) occurrences linked to a single event.D) undiscovered groupings.Answer: ADiff: 2 Page Ref: 175AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension65) An alternative to using application server software for interfacing between a Web server and back-end databases is:A) CGI.B) HTML.C) Java.D) SQL.Answer: ADiff: 2 Page Ref: 177AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension66) Businesses use ________ tools to search and analyze unstructured data sets, such as e-mails and memos.A) OODBMSB) Web miningC) text miningD) OLAPAnswer: CDiff: 2 Page Ref: 177AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension67) The confusion created by ________ makes it difficult for companies to create customer relationship management, supply chain management, or enterprise systems that integrate data from different sources.A) batch processingB) data redundancyC) data independenceD) online processingAnswer: BDiff: 2 Page Ref: 179AACSB: Use of ITCASE: Comprehension68) Detecting and correcting data in a database or file that are incorrect, incomplete, improperly formatted, or redundant is called:A) data auditing.B) defragmentationC) data scrubbingD) data optimizationAnswer: CDiff: 2 Page Ref: 179AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension69) Which of the following would you use to find patterns in user interaction data recorded by Web servers?A) Web usage miningB) Web server miningC) Web structure miningD) Web content miningAnswer: ADiff: 2 Page Ref: 176AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension70) Which of the following would you use to find out which Web sites with content related to database design were the most often linked to by other Web sites?A) Web usage miningB) Web server miningC) Web structure miningD) Web content miningAnswer: CDiff: 2 Page Ref: 176AACSB: Analytic SkillsCASE: Analysis in terms of categorize71) Relational database systems try to enforce ________ rules to ensure that relationships between coupled tables remain consistent.Answer: referential integrityDiff: 3 Page Ref: 163AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension72) A(n) ________ is special software for creating, storing, organizing, and accessing data froma database.Answer: database management system/DBMSDiff: 2 Page Ref: 165AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension73) A(n) ________ view shows data as it is actually organized and structured on the storage media.Answer: physicalDiff: 2 Page Ref: 165AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension74) A(n) ________ is a language associated with a database management system that end users and programmers use to manipulate data in the database.Answer: data manipulation languageDiff: 2 Page Ref: 166AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension75) A(n) ________ is an approach to data management that stores both data and procedures acting on the data as objects that can be automatically retrieved and shared.Answer: object-oriented DBMSDiff: 2 Page Ref: 169AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension76) A(n) ________ stores current and historical data of potential interest to decision makers throughout the company.Answer: data warehouseDiff: 2 Page Ref: 170AACSB: Use of ITCASE: Comprehension77) A(n) ________ is a dedicated computer in a client/server environment that hosts a DBMS. Answer: database serverDiff: 2 Page Ref: 177AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension78) A(n) ________ specifies the formal rules governing the maintenance, distribution, and use of information in an organization.Answer: information policyDiff: 2 Page Ref: 178AACSB: Use of ITCASE: Comprehension79) ________ is a special organizational function that manages the policies and procedures through which data can be managed as an organizational resource.Answer: Data administrationDiff: 2 Page Ref: 178AACSB: Use of ITCASE: Comprehension80) A(n) ________ is a structured survey of the accuracy and level of completeness of the data in an information system.Answer: data quality auditDiff: 2 Page Ref: 180AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension81) The small publishing company you work for wants to create a new database for storing information about all of their author contracts. What difficulties do you anticipate?Answer: Data accuracy when the new data is input, establishing a good data model, determining which data is important and anticipating what the possible uses for the data will be, beyond looking up contract information, technical difficulties linking this system to existing systems, new business processes for data input and handling, and contracts management, determining how end users will use the data, making data definitions consistent with other databases, what methods to use to cleanse the data.Diff: 2 Page Ref: 165, 178-179AACSB: Analytic SkillsCASE: Synthesis in terms of bringing together different types of knowledge82) When you design the new contracts database for the publishing house mentioned above, what fields do you anticipate needing? Identify at least seven fields. Which of these fields might be in use in other databases of the company’s?Answer: Author first name, author last name, author address, agent name and address, title of book, book ISBN, date of contract, amount of money, payment schedule, date contract ends, author address. Other databases might be an author database (author names, address, and agent details), a book title database (title and ISBN of book), and financial database (payments made). Diff: 2 Page Ref: 160-163AACSB: Analytic SkillsCASE: Synthesis in terms of bringing together different types of knowledge83) What types of relationships are possible in a relational database? Describe and give an example of each.Answer: There are three types of relationships: one-to-one, one-to-many, and many-to-many.A one-to-one relationship occurs when each record in one table has only one related record in a second table. An example might be a table of salespeople and a separate table of company cars. Each salesperson can only have one car, or be related to the one car in the database. Aone-to-many relationship occurs when a record in one table has many related records in a second table. An example might be a table of salespeople and clients. Each salesperson may have several clients. A many-to-many relationship occurs when records in one table have many related records in a second table, and the records in the second table have many related records in the first table. An example might be a clients table and a products table. Clients may buy more than one product, and products are sold to more than one client.Diff: 3 Page Ref: 162-163AACSB: Analytic SkillsCASE: Synthesis in terms of build, model84) List and describe three main capabilities or tools of a DBMS.Answer: A DBMS includes capabilities and tools for organizing, managing, and accessing the data in the database. The most important are its data definition capability, data dictionary, and data manipulation language. The data definition capability specifies the structure of the contentof the database. It is used to create database tables and to define the characteristics of the fieldsin each table. This information about the database would be documented in a data dictionary. A data dictionary is an automated or manual file that stores definitions of data elements and their characteristics. Data dictionaries for large corporate databases may capture additional information, such as usage; ownership (who in the organization is responsible for maintaining the data); authorization; security; and the individuals, business functions, programs, and reports that use each data element. The data manipulation language is a specialized language used to add, change, delete, and retrieve the data in the database. This language contains commands that permit end users and programming specialists to extract data from the database to satisfy information requests and develop applications.Diff: 2 Page Ref: 166-168AACSB: Analytic SkillsCASE: Analysis in terms of summarize85) List at least three causes of to data redundancy and inconsistency.Answer: Data redundancy and inconsistency can occur because of (1) different groups in an organization independently collecting the same piece of information in different systems; (2) employing different names and descriptions for the same entities or attributes; (3) failing to normalize a database; (4) incorrect data entry or failing to enforce consistency within the database; (5) lack of data cleansing or scrubbing.Diff: 2 Page Ref: 179AACSB: Analytic SkillsCASE: Analysis in terms of summarize86) Identify and describe the three basic operations used to extract useful sets of data from a relational database?Answer: The select operation creates a subset consisting of all records (rows) in the table that meet stated criteria. The join operation combines relational tables to provide the user with more information than is available in individual tables. The project operation creates a subset consisting of columns in a table, permitting the user to create new tables that contain only the information required.Diff: 2 Page Ref: 166AACSB: Analytic SkillsCASE: Analysis in terms of summarize87) Describe the ways in which database technologies could be used by an office stationery supply company to achieve low-cost leadership.Answer: Student answers will vary; an example answer is: Databases could be used to make the supply chain more efficient and minimize warehousing and transportation costs. You can use OLAP to better analyze sales forecasts. You can also use sales databases and predictive analysis to determine what supplies are in demand by which customers, and whether needs are different in different geographical areas. DSS databases could be used to predict future trends in office supply needs, to help anticipate demand. You could use text mining to identify service issues or inefficiencies within the company. Databases could be used to determine the most efficient methods of transportation and delivery. In addition you could allow customers to order supplies through the Web and have these orders influence the entire supply chain and minimize warehousing costs.Diff: 3 Page Ref: 170-178AACSB: Analytic SkillsCASE: Synthesis in terms of bringing together knowledge from different places; Evaluation in terms of predict, assess88) Describe the ways in which database technologies could be used by an office stationery supply company to achieve product differentiation.Answer: Product databases could be made available to customers for greater convenience ordering online. Databases could be used to track customer preferences, to help anticipate customer desires. Sales databases could also help a client anticipate when they would needre-supply, providing an additional service. Data mining could help anticipate trends in sales or other factors to help determine new services and products to sell the clients. You could use web mining to analyze any web customer usage data to determine what products or features customers wanted.Diff: 3 Page Ref: 170-178AACSB: Analytic SkillsCASE: Synthesis in terms of bringing together knowledge from different places; Evaluation in terms of predict, assess。

多维度数据集英语English:A multi-dimensional dataset refers to a collection of data that is organized and structured along multiple dimensions. Each dimension represents a different aspect of the data, and values are stored at the intersection of these dimensions. For example, a multi-dimensional dataset could store sales data organized by product type, time period, and region. This allows for complex analysis and visualization of the data, as it enables users to examine relationships and trends across multiple variables simultaneously. Multi-dimensional datasets are commonly used in business intelligence, data analytics, and data warehousing applications, where understanding the relationship between different dimensions of data is crucial for decision-making and strategic planning.中文翻译:多维度数据集是指一组数据，其在多个维度上进行组织和结构化。