A Rose for Emily_questions for every part

A Rose for Emily 解读与译赏A Rose for EmilyWilliam Faulkner【原文解读】过去几年一直在讲《英美短篇小说解读与译赏》（自编讲义），每讲一次，对福克纳的这篇小说都有一种新的认识，都有一种翻译的冲动，一旦动笔翻译，便在标题上卡壳了。

但正式决定要试着翻译这篇小说而收集相关评论时，才发现此篇小说早已有人译为《献给爱米丽的玫瑰》。

许多评论家都对此篇小说的主题给出了不同的看法，并找出了各种理由一定要“献给”爱米丽玫瑰。

其最终原因，他们的解读因为根据汉语译文标题《献给爱米丽的玫瑰》。

为什么一定要“献给”爱米丽的玫瑰”呢？爱米丽因为什么而值得“献给”玫瑰呢？这是专家们喜闻乐道、争论不断的话题。

尽管如此，仍然禁不住原文小说的诱惑，也禁不住想亲自动手翻译的冲动。

专家们对小说内容的分析给自己的翻译提供不少的理解上的帮助；他们的论争也同时加深了自己对原文的理解。

此篇小说翻译理解时，参阅过肖明翰博士对此篇小说的研究论文（肖明翰，再谈《献给爱米丽的玫瑰》———答刘新民先生，四川师范大学学报社会科学版2000年1月）。

他认为，此篇小说试图说明杰弗逊镇上的人及其以清教思想为核心的旧传统是造成爱米丽的悲剧的真正原因。

【翻译津要】尽管原文标题有寓意，但寓意如何，因人而已。

不同的人往往会有不同的理解。

这就是为什么不同的学者对这篇小说有不同的解读。

毕竟理解是一种阐释过程，但凡阐释必有主观性，翻译也是一种阐释，也必有译者的主观性。

从翻译的角度和读者的角度，个人感觉标题译为“悲情玫瑰”更好，因为全文中唯一出现rose(玫瑰)的地方是小说的第五部分中(171)A thin, acrid pall as of the tomb seemed to lie everywhere upon this room decked and furnished as for a bridal: upon the valance curtains of faded rose color, upon the rose-shaded lights, upon the dressing table, upon the delicate array of crystal and the man’s toilet things backed with tarnished silver, silver so tarnished that the monogram was obscured.其中rose一共出现过两次：rose color和rose-shaded lights。

A Rose for EmilyWilliam Faulkner【故事梗概】爱米莉•格瑞尔生死了，镇里的人都参加了她的葬礼。

男人们出于敬慕，而大多数女人则出于好奇，她们想进死者生前的屋子里去看看，因为那屋子除了一个黑人男仆外，至少已经有10年没有任何人进去看过了。

30年前，爱米莉小姐的父亲去世，当时，爱米莉小姐已三十出头。

当年夏天，镇里要铺人行道，负责该项目的工头是个北方佬，名叫荷默•巴隆。

荷默来后不久，每个星期天，人们都可以看到他和爱米莉小姐一起，驾着轻便马车出游。

镇上的妇女们认为，爱米莉小姐的行为是全镇的耻辱，给青年人树立了不良榜样。

后来，有人说爱米莉小姐去过首饰店，买过全套男装和卫生洁具。

于是，镇里的人传说他们要结婚了。

再后来，有人看见爱米莉小姐去过药店，卖过砒霜。

人行道铺设竣工后，荷默离开了小镇，后来又回来过一次了。

那是一天黄昏时分，有人看见是黑人男仆为荷默开的门。

不过，那是人们最后一次见到荷默。

从那以后，有好长一段时间，人们再也没有看到过爱米莉小姐。

等镇里的人再见到她时，她已经发福，头发也灰白了。

此后，爱米莉小姐很少外出，家里只有一名男仆帮她收拾房子。

不久，她家向外散发着一股难闻的气味，左邻右舍都在抱怨。

最后，参议员和镇里的几位长者召开会议，决定派几个人到她家消除气味。

黑夜里，这些人像夜盗一样，在她家住宅周围四处撒石灰。

从此以后，难闻的味道是没有了，但人们却很难见到爱米莉小姐。

年复一年，那黑人仆人的头发也白了，腰也弯了。

他依然提着购物蓝进进出出。

镇里每年12月份向爱米莉家寄税单，但总是被退回来。

人们只是偶而在楼下的一个窗口看见过爱米莉小姐的身影。

74岁那年，爱米莉小姐在楼下的一个房间里去世了。

黑人男仆在前门迎接前来送葬的第一批女子，随后他穿过屋子，从后门走了出去，从此不见了踪影。

人们知道楼上有个房间，但40年来从没有人进去过。

爱米莉小姐下葬后，人们撬开了楼上房间的门，发现里面到处是灰尘。

An Interpretation of A Rose for Emily from a Feminist Perspective朱丹 1552070434安徽科技学院外国语学院07级本科4班Abstract: The fiction A Rose for Emily is a short story written byWilliam Faulkner. The fiction A Rose for Emily describes a typical southern woman victimized by the conventional system of the South and patriarchy. This essay mainly analyzes the reason why Emily’s life is a tragedy from a feminist perspective. And give a brief account of feminism. The essay is also with the purpose urge women to learn how to construct selfhood and to be a independent woman. The essay has four parts. The first part is the introduction about A Rose for Emily. The second part is the introduction of feminist. The third part is reasons of Emily’s Tragedy. The forth part is the conclusion.Key words: feminism Emily patriarchy tragedy摘要：小说献给艾米丽的玫瑰是威廉·福克纳的一篇短篇小说。

作品分析题（18分）1. Faulkner‟s A Rose for EmilyThis story happens after the American Civil War, in Jefferson Town. It‟s a story about an eccentric spinster named Emily Grierson whose marriage is totally manipulated by her father. Two years after her father‟s death, poor Emily is acquainted with a northerner called Homer Barron, a day laborer and she falls in love with him. However, their relation is short-lived as Homer becomes tired of her and intends to get rid of her. In order to keep Homer at hand, Emily kills him with arsenic and “obtain”him, thus, she sleeps with his corpse for decades. This is the truth that villagers find after her death. From my own perspective, this masterpiece reflects the decline of the southern society and reveals the conflicts between the two different value systems and two societies after the American Civil War. Then, I will explain my opinions from the following two aspects: character, symbol .Emily is an embodiment of the south, the old and tradition. At the very beginning of this story, the writer recounts the decoration of her house which is still 1870s style, isn‟t change any more. Besides, she is also obstinate. When the new government compel the taxes on her，she refuses to pay the tax and even ridiculously mentions a colonel who has been dead almost ten years. Another example is that she prevents people from installing mail-box on the wall. She keeps the traditional views all the long，but resists to change anything. However, poor Emily is a determined woman. Regardless of people‟s criticism, she insists on marrying a northerner whose social position is apparently lower than her. It is known that in that period of time, hierarchy is prevailing and deep-rooted through out the society. It particularly has a profound influence on marriage. When someone chooses a partner, he or she must consider the social position of the other party to the marriage. However, Emily chooses to disobey the convention and challenges tradition. Given this situation, her failure is quite expectable. However, she cannot get rid of the shackles of the Southern conventions. After all, she captures her lover in her own way and the love is treated with honor.Her father, the old Grierson, is also an incarnation of the South, patriarchy and tradition. He was very fastidious about her daughter‟s marriage and drove away every man who caught the fancy of her. “When she got to thirty and was still single”. Obviously, both her body and mind are enslaved by her father‟s traditional concept. Therefore, she feels released when her father is dead, and there is no “trace of grief on her face”.In this novel, Emily symbolizes the South, old and tradition, the Y ankee represents the North, new and modern. Both young guys might be interested in each other when they first meet. But they possess altogether different values or concept of lives. So they inevitably separated before long. The conflict between the two partners symbolizes the conflict between the South and the North. And the absurd murder aggravates the contradictions.The “Rose”, that is never mentioned in this novel, is always interpreted conventionally as a symbol of love. It might be used as the love Emily gets from her lover. But in my opinion the rose mainly represents decay and death. At the time the villagers went to her room and found the valance curtains of faded rose color and the rose-shaded lights in the room. Actually, the author plays a trick on Miss Emily. In fact, she doesn‟t really get any love from any man whether it is from her lover or her father. Emily could have a favorable marriage but for her father‟s interference. She could have got her deserved love from Homer. But on account of her obstinacy and pride, she receives tiredness and indifference, instead of affection---rose, from him. Thus, as an outsider, the author or the villagers, they give a rose as a tribute to Emily. Besides, the rose also stands for the author‟s and villager s‟pity, sympathy and lament for Emily, whose mind is imprisoned in the past and fails to adapt to the change. What‟s more, the author, “William Faulkner objectifies his complicated and emotional involvement in the South and in the people who grow up and live there ever since”.2. Robert Frost‟s The Road Not TakenTwo roads diverged in a yellow wood, 黄色的树林里分出两条路And sorry I could not travel both 可惜我不能同时去涉足And be one traveler, long I stood 我在那路口久久伫立And looked down one as far as I could 我向着一条路极目望去To where it bent in the undergrowth; 直到它消失在丛林深处Then took the other, as just as fair, 但我却选择了另外一条路And having perhaps the better claim, 它荒草萋萋，十分幽寂Because it was grassy and wanted wear; 显得更诱人，更美丽Though as for that the passing there 虽然在这条小路上Had worn them really about the same, 很少留下旅人的足迹And both that morning equally lay 那天清晨落叶满地In leaves no step had trodden black. 两条路都未经脚印污染Oh, I kept the first for another day! 呵，留下一条路等改日再见Y et knowing how way leads on to way, 但我知道路径延绵无尽头I doubted if I should ever come back. 恐怕我难以再回返I shall be telling this with a sigh 也许多少年后在某一个地方Somewhere ages and ages hence: 我将轻声叹息把往事回顾Two roads diverged in a wood, and I—一片森林里分出两条路I took the one less traveled by, 而我却选择了人迹更少的一条And that has made all the difference. 从此决定了我一生的道路赏析："The Road Not Taken" is a poem by Robert Frost. It is the first poem in the volume and is printed in italics. The title is often mistakenly given as "The Road Less Traveled", from the penultimate line: "I took the one less traveled by". The poem has two recognized interpretations:one is a more literal interpretation, while the other is more ironic. According to the literal interpretation, the poem isinspirational, a paean to individualism and non-conformism.The poem consists of four sta nzas. In the first stanza, the speaker describes his position. He has been out walking in the woods and comes to two roads, and he stands looking as far down each one as he can see. He would like to try out both, but doubts he could do that, so therefore he continues to look down t he roads for a long time trying to make his decision about which road to take.The ironic in terpretation, widely held by critics,[1][5] is that the poem is instead about regret and personal myth-making, rationalizing our decision. In this interpretation, the final two lines: “I took the one less traveled by, and that has made all the difference.”are ironic: the choice made little or no difference at all, the speaker‟s protestations to the contrary. The speaker admits in the second and third stanzas that both paths may be equally worn and equally leaf-covered, and it is only in his future recollection that he will call one road “less traveled by”.3. Emily Di ckinson‟s“Because I could not stop for Death- Because I could not stop for DeathHe kindly stopped for meThe Carriage held but just OurselvesAnd Immortality.We slowly drove – He knew no hasteAnd I had put awayMy labor and my leisure too,For His Civility –We passed the School, where Children stroveAt Recess – in the Ring –We passed the Fields of Gazing Grain –We passed the Setting Sun –Or rather – He passed Us –The Dews drew quivering and chill –For only Gossamer, my Gown –My Tippet – only – Tulle –We paused before a House that seemedA Swelling of the Ground –The Roof was scarcely visible –The Cornice – in the Ground-Since then –…tis Centuries – and yetFeels shorter than the DayI first surmised the Horses HeadsWere toward Eternity –。

英语专业论文答辩--自我陈述第一篇：英语专业论文答辩--自我陈述Good morning, all appraiser committee members.I am **** and my supervisor is ***.With her constantencouragement and guidance, I have finished my paper.Now, it is the show time.I will present my efforts to you and welcome any correction.The title of my paper is On Transformation of Parts of Speech in Translation.I choose this as my topic due to the following reasons.Different languages have different standards to distinguish parts of speech.Each language has its own special structure.And there are no equivalent parts of speech between different languages.In order to make the target version more idiomatic and standard, the transformation of parts of speech is always used by translators.So the transformation of parts of speech is playing a more important role in English to Chinese based on different characteristics of English and Chinese.For the above facts, I select the subject of“On Transformation of parts of speech”as the title of my paper.I hope by studying this topic we can know the importance of the transformation of parts of speech in English to Chinese translation.Through transformation, we can get the better version and improve the translation skills.The way of thinking and expressing is quite different between Chinese and English.English is a kind of static languages which tends to use more nouns.While Chinese is a dynamic one in which verbs are often used.So when we make translation in English to Chinese, we should know this point and shift the parts of speech.Next, it is an outline of my paper.In the main part of this paper, I divide it into five parts.Part one presents an introduction to the basic concepts of parts of speech andtransformation.Part two discusses the definition of translation and emphasizes the importance of transformation of parts of speech in the course of translation.Part three gives four basic ways of transformation of parts of speech through illustrative examples.There are transformed English words into Chinese verbs, nouns, adjectives and adverbs.Part four presents some problems about transformation and gives some advise to solve the problems.Part five draws some conclusions that transformation between parts of speech is necessary for us to achieve good translation.It is demonstrated that we can have a good master of transformation and improve the translation.In addition, we must continuously study and explore in all kinds of translation practices.OK!That is all.Thank you!H onorable teachers, good afternoon,It’s my great honor to be here.The title of my paper is Phenomenon of Sex Bias in English and Methods of Avoidance.The reason I choose this topic is, with the development of international exchanges, English, as an international language, has played a more and more significant role.The use of sexist language is commonly seen in English, it inevitably causes some difficulty in trans-culture communications, so I believe that it’s necessary to look at this phenomenon and figure out corresponding ways of avoiding them in oral and written communications.After I undertook the task of writing this thesis, I have done many researches and investigations on this topic in our school library.On the basis of former researches, this paper investigates the phenomenon of sex bias in English from linguistic aspect and social aspect and analyses the causes of the occurrence of sexist language.Meanwhile, this paper summarizes several methods of avoiding sexism in English language.The basis structure of mythesis includes three major parts.The first part is Manifestation of sexism in English language.The second part is the causes of sexism in English language.The third part is the strategies of Avoiding Sexism in EnglishLast but not least, I would like to express my heartfelt gratitude to my supervisor, both for her intellectual guidance and for her warm and constant encouragement during the process of writing this thesis.I would also like to express my sincere thanks to all the teachers in our team, for the advices that you gave me in the opening report in December, 2008.Although I’m fully aware that the thesis might still contain some mistakes, for which I bear the whole responsibility.I’m looking forward to your sincere comments and suggestions.Thank you.Good evening, all the appraiser committee members.I come from HUST, majoring in foreign linguistics and applied linguistics.I am *** and my supervisor is prof.***.With her sincere and intellectual guidance, for nearly one whole year's hard work, I have finished my paper.Finally, it is the show time.This evening I will present my efforts to you all and I gratefully welcome any correction.The title of my paper is A Study of the Causes of the Gothic Style in A Rose for Emily from a Feminist Perspective.I choose this as my topic due to the following reasons.Firstly, I am fond of literature works , especially gothic literature works.Secondly, I am quite familiar with this short story as this is one of the texts in our intensive teaching courseand I have taught this text for more than 3 st but not the least ,as a female , I am keen on the study of feminism.For the above facts, I select the subject ofA Study of the Causes of the Gothic Style in A Rose for Emily from a Feminist Perspective as the title of my paper.I hope by studying this short story we can know more about American southernwomen in certain history and culture and more importantly help women in modern society get a deeper understanding about ourselves ,help us raise our independence and confidence and show more concern for our mental health.Next , I will present it to you.Here is an outline of my presentation.They are literature review, gothic tradition , the gothic style in the story and the causes of the gothic style.This paper consists of six parts.Part one presents an introduction to the author William Faulkner and A Rose for Emily by pointing out the purpose and significance of this study.Part two is literature review which introduces the relevant research about this novel at home and abroad and then points out the theoretical basis and methods.Part three gives a timeline of the gothic tradition in literature and explains the main characteristics of gothic works.Part four explains the three aspects of the gothic style in the novel，that is, the death theme, grotesque characters and mystic atmosphere.Part five then explains in detail the causes of the gothic style in this novel: patriarchal oppression, the myth of southern ladyhood and Emily’s attitude towards love.Finally, in the conc lusion, the author summarizes the previous parts and emphasizes the significance of the argument of the thesis again.Ok, that's all.Now you may raise your questions!I am ready!Thank you！!第二篇：英语专业论文答辩--自我陈述Good morning/afternoon.Distinguished professors and teachers, ladies and gentlemen, thank you for attending the oral defense.(或Welcome to attend the oral defense.)My name is Xin Yonghuan.Firstly, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor Mr.Li Jianwu, for his intellectual guidance, invaluable instructions and comments on my thesis that I can finally accomplished this thesis.My topic is AComparative Study of Chinese-Western Views of Love in Under the Hawthorn Tree and TitanicI choose this as my topic due to the following reasons.Firstly, With China’s reform and opening to the outside world, cultural communication among nations becomes more and more frequent.Love is an important part in cultural communication.Different cultures have different values on love, so to know the diversity of love is becoming more and more important.Secondly, I hope by studying this topic we can know the the differences of love concept between China and the west in cultural communication and, we can get the better vision about each other.Next, it is an outline of my paper.The whole thesis is mainly made up of five parts.The first part is Literature Review which will give a brief introduction of Chinese-Western views on love.And the second part is going to analyze The Definition of Love and the Study of Love Type Theory.In the third part, The Main Contents of the Two Movies will be discussed andthe fourth part is to talk about The Differences between Chinese and Western Views of Love in Movies.At last the paper will summary the whole contents and further explains the reasons for the differences of the Chinese and Western concepts of love.OK!That is all.Thank you!Please ask questions.第三篇：英语专业论文答辩--自我陈述(全英文)Good morning, all appraiser committee members.I amXXX, and my supervisor is ProfessorXXX.With his constant encouragement and guidance, I have finished my paper.Now, it is the show time.I will present my efforts to you and welcome any correction.The title of my paper is …………...It is an outline of my paper.In the main part of this paper, I divide it into six parts.I choose this as my topic due to the following reasons.The trendof globalization has presented the country with a large number of opportunities for international cooperation and cultural exchanges.Never before have so many different nations made into peaceful contact with China, and people in those countries and regions wish to have a correct and comprehensive understanding of China.At the same time, it is more imperative than ever for our country to catch every possible chance to introduce itself to the outside world, so as to win friendship and support from people in the rest of the world, which can create a harmonious atmosphere for a better social and economic development.The political writings in China, as the mouthpiece of the Chinese government, play an important role in communicating with the outside world.The translation of the political writings will actually decide the effectiveness of this communication.General review of studies and researches on the translation of Chinese political writings demonstrates that great efforts have been make to probe into problems in the translation and certain translation methods have been worked out in response to those problems.Therefore, previous researches from practical perspective of practitioners in the translation of Chinese political writings are empirical but unsystematic.This thesis takes Jef Verschueren’s Adaptation Theory as its macro-guidance, which can shed new light on researches into translation of Chinese political writings.Under the guidance of this theory, author will focus on how translators make a series of linguistic choices rather than making a static summary of translation skills or methods.Meanwhile, author can attain a deeper and more extensive understanding of the process and the nature of translating political writings from Chinese to English.For the above facts, I select the subject of “Translation of Politicalwritings: Adaptation Theory& It’s Practice” as the title of my paper.I hope by studying this topic we can know the importance of the Translation of Political writings, and we can get the better version and improve the translation skills.This study aims at formulating an overall process of translation of political writings based on Adaptation Theory.Chapter one introduce the backgroun d, methods and the author’s ideas of this study.In Chapter two, the author researches the adaptation theory in details.Such as: three properties of language and four angles of pragmatic investigations, and the relationship between adaptation theory and translation.Style of political writings, function of political writings, features of political writings and Factors influencing translation of political writings are studied in Chapter three.Chapter four and five are very important.Under the framework of Adaptation Theory, the theoretical model of the translation proposed in this thesis indicates that the translation of Chinese political writings is a continuous process of choice-making process where linguistic adaptation and extra-linguistic adaptation of the target readers is the pivotal factor for good translation.Adaptation to the mental world including target readers’ aesthetic taste and thinking pattern ensures that the target text could be accepted and appreciated by foreign readers so as to fulfill vocative function of political writings.Adaptation to the physical and social world including cultural stereotype, socio-political setting as well as historical deixis of time and of place makes the target text informative and intelligible for foreign readers.Meanwhile, linguistic adaptation consists of lexical adaptation and syntactic adaptation, generating a logical and readable text in the eyes of foreign readers.OK!That is all.Thank you!Please ask questions.第四篇：英语专业论文答辩自我陈述（一）Good morning, all appraiser committee members.I am **** and my supervisor is ***.With her constant encouragement and guidance, I have finished my paper.Now, it is the show time.I will presentmy efforts to you and welcome any correction.The title of my paper is On Transformation of Parts of Speech in Translation.I choose this as my topic due to the following reasons.Different languages have different standards to distinguish parts of speech.Each language has its own special structure.And there are no equivalent parts of speech between different languages.In order to make the target version more idiomatic and standard, the transformation of parts of speech is always used by translators.So the transformation of parts of speech is playing a more important role in English to Chinese based on different characteristics of English and Chinese.For the above facts, I select the subject of“On Transformation of parts of speech”as the title of my paper.I hope by studying this topic we can know the importance of the transformation of parts of speech in English to Chinese translation.Through transformation, we can get the better version and improve the translation skills.The way of thinking and expressing is quite different between Chinese and English.English is a kind of static languages which tends to use more nouns.While Chinese is a dynamic one in which verbs are often used.So when we make translation in English to Chinese, we should know this point and shift the parts of speech.Next, it is an outline of my paper.In the main part of this paper, I divide it into five parts.Part one presents an introduction to the basic concepts of parts of speech and transformation.Part two discusses the definition of translation and emphasizes the importance of transformation of parts ofspeech in the course of translation.Part three gives four basic ways of transformation of parts of speech through illustrative examples.There are transformed English words into Chinese verbs, nouns, adjectives and adverbs.Part four presents some problems about transformation and gives some advise to solve the problems.Part five draws some conclusions that transformation between parts of speech is necessary for us to achieve good translation.It is demonstrated that we can have a good master of transformation and improve the translation.In addition, we must continuously study and explore in all kinds of translation practices.OK!That is all.Thank you!Please ask questions.（二）Good evening, all the appraiser committee members.I come from HUST, majoring in foreign1linguistics and applied linguistics.I am *** and my supervisor is prof.***.With her sincere and intellectual guidance, for nearly one whole year's hard work, I have finished my paper.Finally, it is the show time.This evening I will present my efforts to you all and I gratefully welcome any correction.The title of my paper is A Study of the Causes of the Gothic Stylein A Rose for Emily from a Feminist Perspective.I choose this as my topic due to the following reasons.Firstly, I am fond of literature works , especially gothic literature works.Secondly, I am quite familiar with this short story as this is one of the texts in our intensive teaching courseand I have taught this text for more than 3 st but not the least ,as a female , I am keen on the study of feminism.For the above facts, I select the subject ofA Study of the Causes of the Gothic Style in A Rose for Emily from a Feminist Perspective as the title of my paper.I hope by studying this short story we can know more about American southern women in certain history and culture and more importantly helpwomen in modern society get a deeper understanding about ourselves ,help us raise our independence and confidence and show more concern for our mental health.Next , I will present it to you.Here is an outline of my presentation.They are literature review, gothic tradition , the gothic style in the story and the causes of the gothic style.This paper consists of six parts.Part one presents an introduction to the author William Faulkner andA Rose for Emily by pointing out the purpose and significance of this study.Part two is literature review which introduces the relevant research about this novel at home and abroad and then points out the theoretical basis and methods.Part three gives a timeline of the gothic tradition in literature and explains the main characteristics of gothic works.Part four explains the three aspects of the gothic style in the novel，that is, the death theme, grotesque characters and mystic atmosphere.Part five then explains in detail the causes of the gothic style in this novel: patriarchal oppression, the myth of southern ladyhood and Emily’s attitude towards love.Finally, in the conclusion, the author summarizes the previous parts and emphasizes the significance of the argument of the thesis again.Ok, that's all.Now you may raise your questions!I am ready!Thank you！!（三）Good morning, appraises committee members and schoolmates.I come from class 08951, and I am Yu Lianfei.Today, the title of my paper is On the Network Novels.In recent years, the network literature is developing work novel is one of the fast of them.In the middle schools, high schools and even universities, there is no lack of network novels' addicts.For the above facts, I select the subject of “on the network novels” as the title of my paper.Then, I will show it to you.In the main partof this paper, I divide it into four parts, as the concept of network novels, the classification of their authors, the development of network novels and the prospects of that.The first part, the definition.Its concept can be divided into the generalized and the narrow.And it can also be divided into boys’ and girls’ in another way.The second part, the classification of their authors.Generally speaking, there are four kinds of authors.The first kind is some people who have favor of literature, they are writing but not for fame.Then, there is some one has favor for literature and also be for fame.The third kind is some people who have explicit goals at the beginning of his writing.And the last kind are some people who just want to express their view, their viewpoint and their feeling with no desire of being published.They take up the most of the authors.The third part, the development.The network novels’ development can not separate form the development of the net and the literature websites.Its developing process may be divided into three stages approximately.The first stage is from 1996 to 2000.This time's literary work often did not strive for(were also not aware of)the fame and fortune, and moreover received the control of tradition.The second stage is beginning of 21st century, mainly contains 2001 and 2002.In this period, the whole network presented the situation of “chaos”.The third stage is from May, 2003 and continues until now.In this period, many schools come into the world, and when a school became a hit there must be many people mimic it.The last part, the forecast.Looking from the internal strength pattern, the outstanding writers in our country mainly hold one kind of critique and the pessimistic manner to the network novels at present.If each big literature website enlarges their own supervision, delete the vulgar works, thepornography and bad works like those things, meanwhile hanker for new person’s new article as well as depth ones, the n etwork novels can be accepted by more people.Not a low-level novel but a kind of enjoyment.英语本科的论文答辩主要分为两部分：自我陈述和回答答辩老师问题，下面对这两部分进行详细讲解。

试析《纪念爱米丽的一朵玫瑰花》中的时间艺术与死亡主题摘要美国杰出的现代小说大家威廉·福克纳的短篇小说《纪念艾米丽的一朵玫瑰花》运用了时序颠倒与循环叙事的独特艺术手法，从而展示了现代主义小说中关于时间艺术的理解和运用。

而福克纳更是将自己的时间观贯彻到了整篇小说的创作中，并在死亡主题这一特殊形式的的叙述中得到了深刻的体现。

关键词《纪念艾米丽的一朵玫瑰花》时间死亡威廉·福克纳最负盛名的短篇小说《纪念爱米丽的一朵玫瑰花》讲述了一位没落的南方贵族小姐亲手杀死自己的爱人，然后陪伴其尸身并在古屋中隐居四十之久的具有哥特式神秘、恐怖意味的故事。

南方淑女爱米丽小姐是旧贵族的象征，对于她的纪念是作为南方作家的福克纳对于逝去的旧南方的无限缅怀之情。

但另一方面，爱米丽的最终死亡也喻示了一座纪念碑的倒下，表明了作者对于最终湮没的南方社会既眷念热爱又批判其沉沦罪恶的矛盾心态。

时间，在传统现实主义小说的叙事中往往呈线性发展，“故事和情节小说遵循着时间的线形关系、事件的连锁关系体现为一种因果关系和时间上的线性顺序，任何外部事件都依赖于这样一种时间的线性关系”。

①在《纪念艾米丽的一朵玫瑰花》这篇小说文本当中，我们很容易发现它的最大艺术特色就是时序的颠倒与循环叙事。

小说以爱米丽之死为叙述的起点，站在杰斐逊镇居民的视角上进行叙事，作者以倒叙的手法描述了爱米丽生前的几个主要事件。

在颠倒的时间顺序中，首先叙述的是爱米丽拒绝纳税事件，然后是富有神秘气息的尸臭事件，接着作者却把时间往过去推进，则出现了父亲之死，再接下来的与北方工头荷默恋爱及他与爱米丽发生冲突后爱米丽去购买砒霜，紧接下来荷默的消失与爱米丽小姐长达四十年的隐居生活之谜在小说的最后一部分终于被揭开。

古屋中楼上的房间中竟然躺着死去了四十年的荷默，“那尸身躺在那里，显出一度是拥抱的姿势，但那比爱情更能持久，那战胜了爱情的煎熬的永恒的长眠已经使他驯服了。

”②更让人心惊的是尸身旁边的枕头上遗留了爱米丽小姐的“一绺长长的铁灰色头发”。

A_rose_for_Emily赏析.doc《献给艾米丽的玫瑰》是美国著名作家威廉·福克纳的代表性短篇小说之一，讲述了一个有关孤独和死亡的故事。

小说叙事手法巧妙，通过回溯式叙事、时间叙事和意识流等手法，将人物的内心感受和思想渐次展现，在淡雅的笔触下，揭示出人性的各种暗面，让人深思和共鸣。

小说主要讲述了南方小镇杰斐逊市的一位老处女艾米丽·格里森的一生。

在小说的开头，艾米丽被描述为一个古怪的老太太，她家里充满了过时的东西，而她自己也常常被乡亲们阻挠。

接着，小说通过回溯式叙事，讲述了艾米丽的一生，其中最重要的部分是她与一个年轻的北方建筑师荷马的关系。

荷马是一位充满生机和活力的年轻人，他的到来为杰斐逊市带来了新的生命和希望。

然而，荷马的出现并没有给艾米丽带来幸福，反而让她更加孤独和悲伤。

艾米丽沉迷于对荷马的爱情中，不断地对他进行控制和束缚，最终导致了荷马的死亡。

为了保持她的爱情不死，艾米丽甚至在荷马死后将他的尸体保存了下来，直到她自己去世。

小说最后一段描述了艾米丽死亡之后，人们在她家里发现了荷马的尸体，这是一个极其恐怖和荒谬的场景。

艾米丽为了守护自己的爱情，不惜走向疯狂和破坏。

整个小说通过叙事技巧和情节安排，将艾米丽的生活和性格深入地展现出来，既描述了她生活的历程和经历的痛苦，也揭示了她内心的苦闷和恐惧。

《献给艾米丽的玫瑰》在结构上非常紧凑，通过叙事的逐层深入，将人物的形象和内心深处逐渐丰富起来。

福克纳的笔法又非常细腻，运用隐喻、象征、反讽等众多手法来刻画人物和表达主题。

这些手法让读者在阅读过程中不仅能够深刻理解人物的内心，还能够共鸣和思考他们所代表的意义。

总之，《献给艾米丽的玫瑰》是一篇富有深度和思想性的小说，它通过对艾米丽一生的描写，呈现了生命和死亡、孤独和爱情等多重主题，令人深感震撼和感悟。

它不仅是福克纳作品中的经典之作，也是世界文学史上不可忽略的一篇文学佳作。

美国⽂学阅读复习内容⼀．题型I.Multiple ChoiceII.IdentificationIII.Short-answer QuestionsIV.Appreciation⼆．复习内容I.Multiple Choice1.In American literature, the 18th century was the age of the Enlightenment. ______was the dominant spirit.A.HumanismB. RationalismC. RevolutionD. Evolution2.Which statement about B. Franklin is not true?A.He instucted his countrymen as a printer.B. He was a scientist.C. He is a puritanD. He was a master of Diplomacy3.The Autobiography of B. Franklin is an important document of _____.A. American RealismB. American RomanticismC. American PuritanismD. American Naturalism4.Which of the following characters is an ambitionless and idle man who longs to escape from his wife's nagging?A. SoapyB. Rip Van WinkleC. Roger ChillingworthD. Jim Smiley5.From “Rip Van Winkle” it can be inferred that _____. A．Washington Irving?s taste is very modern.B . Washington Irving shows great in the American Revolution.C. Washington Irving prefers the past to the present.D. Washington Irving wrote the story in a realistic way.6.Washington Irving?s social conservation and literary preference for the past is revealed, to some extent, in his famous story, ______.A.“The Legend of Sleepy Hallow”B.“Rip Van Winkle”C. “The Custom House”D.“The Birthmark”7.“Rip Van Winkle” is a short story written by ___A. James Fenimore CooperB. Washington IrvingC. Edgar Allan PoeD. Mark Twain8.The Romantic Period in American Literary history started withthe publication of ____.A．Washington Irving?s The Sketch BookB．Washington Irving?s Tales of A TravelerC．Whitmam?s Leaves of GrassD．James F. Cooper?s Leather Stocking Tales9._______ was regarded as “Father of the American short stories”.A. Edgar Allan PoeB. Ralph Waldo EmersonC. Washington IrvingD. Nathaniel Hawthorne10.Emersonian Transcendentalism is, in fact, a philosophical school which aborbed some ideological concerns of _______ and European Romanticism.A. American PuritanismB. NeoclassicismC. American RomanticismD. social criticism11.The transcendentalists believed in the following except _____.A. living close to natureB. moral impact on manC. the essential holiness of manD. self-reliance and self-trust12.Emerson's _____ was called the "Intellectual Declaration ofIndependence."A. Self - RelianceB. The Over-SoulC. The American ScholarD. Nature13.The chief spokesman of New England Transcendentalism is ________.A. Nathaniel HawthorneB. Ralph Waldo EmersonC. Washington IrvingD. Henry David Thoreau14._______ is generally regarded as the Bible of New England Transcendentalism.A. NatureB. On BeautyC. WaldenD. Self-Reliance15.Which of the following is not written by R.W. Emerson?A. American TragedyB. NatureC. The American ScholarD. Self-Reliance16.Edgar Allan Poe is known as a poet and critic but most famousas the first master of the form of ______.A. poemB. dramaC. short storyD. essay17.Which of the following is written in memory of Allen Poe?s dead wife?A. To HelenB. Annabel LeeC. The RavenD. The Bells18.Edgar Allan Poe can be described as the following except _____.A. a playwrightB. a criticC. a short story writerD. a poet19.The writer who is famous for his detective stories is _______.A. Washington IrvingB. O. HenryB. Edgar Allan Poe D. Nathaniel Hawthorne20.The most modern and bizarre poet the 19th century America ever produced who was also famous for his detective stories is _____.A. Washington IrvingB. O. HenryC. Edgar Allan PoeD. Walt Whitman21.The poet who is a Romanticist with his high-mindedness, gentleness, and didacticism is ______.A.Nathaniel HawthorneB. H. W. LongfellowC. Edgar Allan PoeD. Walt Whitman22.“A Psalm of Life” is a _______ poem.A. narrativeB. dramaticC. lyricD. didactic23.In what century is the story of Hester Prynne set?(A) The 16th century (B) The 17th century(C) The 18th century (D) The 19th century24.________________ literary world turns out to be a most disturbed and tormented one, which has much to do with his black vision of life and human beings.A. Herman Melville?sB. Washington Irving?sC. Nathaniel Hawthorne?sD. Walt Whitman?s25.As far as Nathaniel Hawthorne?s art is concerned, which of the following statements is true?A.In his The Scarlet Letter Hawthorne intends to tell a love story and astory of sin.B. His art is deeply influenced by Puritanism because he was a Puritan himself.C.Ambiguity is one of the salient characteristics of his art.D.According to Hawthorne, man is divine in nature and therefore perfectible.26.What does Hester?s letter “A” eventually come t o represent to the townspeople?A. “Able”B. “Alone”C. “Avaricious”D. “Absolutely Admirable”27._____ was the poet of the common people and the prophet and singer of democracy.A. FrostB. LongfellowC. PoundD. Whitman28.Walt Whitman wrote his poetry in the style of _______.A. blank verseB. alliterationC. free verseD. irony29.Which of the following is written in memory of President Lincoln?A.Song of MyselfB.I Hear America SingingC.O Captain! My Captain!D.Leaves of Grass30.In_____________, Whitman airs his sorrow at President Lincoln?s death.A. Cavalry Crossing a FordB. A PactC. O Captain! My Captain!D. There was a Child Went Forth31.The shy, reclusive poet, _____, has come to be regarded as one of America's great lyric poets.A. H.W. LongfellowB. Emily DickinsonC. Edgar Allan PoeD. Walt Whitman32.Which of the following died almost completely unknown to the American public?A. DickinsonB. WhitmanC. LongfellowD. Poe33.Which of the following is not true as far as Emily Dickinson?s poetry is concerned?A.She often uses dashes.B.Most of her poems are about death and immortality.C.Her poems are very personal and meditative.D.Her poems usually have well-chosen titles.34.Mark Twain's novels are mostly about _____ subject matter.A. internationalB. adventureC. travelogueD. love35.________ is called by Hemingway the one from which all modern American literature comes.A.The Adventures of Huckleberry FinB.The Adventures of Tom SawyerC.The Gilded AgeD.Life on the Mississippi36.Huckleberry Finn is in ______ language.A. vernacularB. BritishC. AmericanD. black37.Mark Twain, the humourist, wrote the following except ______.A.The Adventures of Tom SawyerB.The Prince and the PauperC.The Happy PrinceD.The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn38.Mark Twain is all of the following but _____.A. a local coloristB. a social satiristC . a realist D. a romanticist39.Soapy is a fictional character from _____.A.The Gift of MagiB.The Last LeafC.The Cop and the AnthemD.An unfinished Story40.________ was the leading spokesman of the Imagist Movement, whosefamous one-image poem “In a Station of the Metro” would serve as a typical example of the imagist ideas.A. T. S. EliotB. Robert FrostC. Ezra PoundD. Wallace Stevens41.______ was a leading spokesman of the “Imagist Movement”.A. T. S. EliotB. Robert FrostC. Ezra PoundD. Walt Whitman42.Robert Frost?s _______ is an easy poem recording the poet?s meditation ona snowy evening and emphasizing one?s responsibility to be fufilled in lifeagainst a temptation of momentary retreat.A. “Mending the Wall”B. “The Road Not Taken??C. “Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening?D. “Departmental”43.________ stems from the ambiguity of the speaker?s choice between safetyand the unknown.A. “Mending the Wall”B. “Home Burial”C. “The Roa d Not Taken”D. “Stopping by Woods on a SnowyEvening?44.In Frost?s poems, images and metaphors in his poems are drawn from_________________.A. the simple country lifeB. the urban lifeC. the life on the seaD. the adventures and trips45.Which of the following poets is the poet of New England country and farm life?A. Walt WhitmanB. Anne BradstreetC. H.W. LongfellowD. Robert Frost46._____ is often acclaimed as literary spokesman of the Jazz Age.A. Ernest HemingwayB. F. Scott FitzgeraldC. William FaulknerD. Ezra Pound47.F. Scott Fitzgerald skillfully employs the device of having events observed by______ to his great advantage.A.more than one witnessB. a “central consciousness”C.his double visionD.the protagonist48.In “A Rose for Emily”, Faulkner makes best use of the ______ device in narration.A. RomanticB. GothicC. RealisticD. Modernist49.Faulkner once said that __________ is a story of “lost innocence”, which proves itself to be an intensification of the theme of imprisonment in the past.A.The Sound and FuryB. Light in AugustC. Go Down, MosesD. Absalom, Absalom!50.Apart from dislocation of time and the modern stream of consciousness, theother narrative techniques Faulkner used to construct his stories include ______, symbolism and mythological and biblical allusions.A. expressionismB. impressionismC. first person point of viewD. multiple points of view51. Most of Faulkner?s works are set in ______.A. EnglandB. ParisC. the American SouthD. the American North52. Faulkner wrote all of the following except_______.A.For Whom the Bell TollsB.The Sound and FuryC.Light in AugustD.As I Lay Dying53. Which of the following stories is set in a café in Spain?A. Farewell to ArmsB.The Old Man and the SeaC. For Whom the Bell TollsD. A Clean, Well-lighted Place54. The Hemingway style is all but ______.A. laconicB. leanC. optimisticD. economical55. Scott Fitzgerald never spared an intimate touch in his fiction to deal with thebankruptcy of the _______________.A. American bourgeoisieB. ruling classesC. American CapitalistsD. American DreamII.Identification1. "Life is real! Life is earnest!And the grave is not its goal;Dust thou art, to dust returnest,Was not spoken of the soul."The above is from “___________________”, written by__________.2. "Society everywhere is in conspiracy against the manhood of every one of itsmembers …… The virtue in most request is conformity. Self-reliance is its aversion.”The above is from " ________________", written by _____________.3. Leaves of Grass is a ____________________ by _________________.4. "Lo! In yon brilliant window nicheHow statuelike I see thee stand,The agate lamp within thy hand!Ah, Psyche, from the regions whichAre Holy Land!"The above is from "___________", written by ___________________.5. “My little Pearl,” said Hester, after a moment?s silence, “the green letter, and on thy childish bosom, has no purport. But does you know, my child, what this letter means which thy mother is doomed to wear?”The above is from "______________", written by ________________.6. The Scarlet Letter is a _________________ by _________________.7. "If left to himself, he would have whistled life away in perfect contentment; but his wife kept continually dinning in his ears about his idleness, his carelessness and the ruin he was bringing on his family."The above is from " ______________", written by ____________.8."There is time in every man's education when he arrives at the conviction that envy is ignorance; that imitation is suicide…. Trust thyself: every heart vib rates to that iron string."The above is quoted from " _____________". Its author is __________.9. "Exult, O shores, and ring, O bells!But I, with mournful tread,Walk the deck my Captain lies,Fallen cold and dead."The above is from "_________________________", written by _______________________.10. Success is Counted Sweetest is a _______ by __________________.11. The Great Gatsby is a ____________ by _____________________.12. Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening is a _________by ________.13. “When Miss Emily Grierson died, our whole town went to her funeral: the man through a sort of affection for a fallen monument, the women mostly out of curiosity to see the inside of her house, which no one save an old man-servant--- a combined gardener and cook --- had seen in at least ten years.”The above is from " ______________, written by ________________.14. “We passed the School, where Children stroveAt Recess --- in the Ring ---We passed the Fields of Gazing Grain ---We passed the Setting Sun ---”The above is from " _______________", written by _____________.15. “The apparition of these faces in the crowd,Petals on a wet, black dough.”The above is from " ______________", written by _____________.16. .“Last week he tried to commit suicide,” one waiter said“Why?”“ He was in despair.”“What about?”“Nothing.”“How do you know it was nothing?”“He has plenty of money.”The above is from " __________________", written by _______________________.17. “ Th e woods are lovely, dark and deep,But I have promises to keep,And miles to go before I sleep,And miles to go before I sleep,”The above is from " ________________", written by ___________.18. The Cop and the Anthem is a ______________ by _______________.19. The Sun Also Rises is a __________ by _______________________.20. “Two roads diverged in a yellow wood,And sorry I could not travel bothAnd be one traveler, long I stoodAnd look down one as far as I couldTo where it bent in the undergrowth…”The above is from " __________________", written by _______________________.21.“ I glanced back once. A wafer of a moon was shining over Gatsby?s house,making the night fine as before, and surviving the laughter and the sound of his still glowing garden. A sudden emptiness seemed to flow now from the windows and the green doors, endowing with complete isolation the figure of the host, who stood on the porch, his hand up in a formal gesture of farewell.”The above is from " __________________", written by _______________________.22."As he defeated --- dying --On whose forbidden earThe distant strains of triumphBurst agonized and clear!"The above is from " __________________", written by _______________________.23.“What did he fear, it was not f ear or dread. It was nothing that he knew too well. It was all a nothing and a man was nothing too.”The above is from " __________________", written by _______________________.24. “There where it is we do not need the wall:He is all pine and I am apple orchard.My apple trees will never get acrossAnd eat the cones under his pines, I tell him.He only says, …Good fences make good neighbors.?…”The above is from " _________________", written by _______________________. III.Short-answer Questions1. Irving?s theme of conservatism as is revealed in "Rip Van Winkle"2. Discuss the symbol of letter A in The Scarlet Letter.3. Discuss the Characterization of Hester Prynne in The Scarlet Letter.4.What are the thematic concerns and artistic characteristics of Emily Dickinson's poetry?5. Discuss the theme of Frost?s “The Road Not Taken”6. Feature of the main character in Faulkner?s “A Rose for Emily”.7. Discuss the relationship between the town?s people and Emily in “A Rose for Emily”.8. Discuss the contrast between the younger waiter and the older waiter in “A Clean Well-Lighted Place”9. Of the three characters, who is the main character in “A Clean Well-Lighted Place”?What?s the theme of the story?IV.AppreciationI. Emily Dickinson's poem “Because I Couldn?t Stop for Death”(要求了解1: 作者篇名2. 课堂讨论的重点段落笔记内容3. 作者的写作特⾊在该选⽂中的体现等)II. “A Rose for Emily”: (要求了解1: 谁是叙述者2: EMIL Y的家庭背景,其房⼦反映了她什么样的性格及其形象的象征3:通过刻画这⼀⼈物,表达了福克纳什么样的观点4. 福克纳的叙事⼿法在选⽂中的体现--- 主要看课内⽂章介绍以及Feature of the main character in Faulkner?s“A Rose for Emily”和Discuss the relat ionship between the town?s people and Emily in “A Rose for Emily”)III. In a Station of the Metro : (要求了解1:本诗创作过程所反映的诗⼈的创作主张或核⼼2. 该诗主题和韵律, ⽤得好的字眼及其含义(主要看书后注释)IV. Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening: (要求了解1:押韵韵脚、修辞、主题、(主要看书后注释以及选择题中相关内容) ) V. The Great Gatsby最后⼀段选⽂，看笔记，记作者篇名注：下⾯参考答案也应该看看，对回答有些帮助。