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成人高考英语复习讲义第一部分 语 音 知 识一、英语字母：英语字母共26个，元音字母有5个：A 、E 、I 、O 、U ，其余的为辅音字母。
其中字母Y 较为特殊，在元音字母前时，起辅音字母的作用；在辅音字母后面时，起元音字母的作用。
二、英语音素：英语音素共48个，其中元音20个，辅音28个，记录因素的符号叫做音标。
三、拼读规则： 1、 开音节：① 辅音字母 + 元音字母② 辅音字母 + 元音字母 + 辅音字母 + E (不发音)2、 闭音节(辅音字母) + 元音字母 + 辅音字母3注意：表中未列出的字母及字母组合请同学们课后多看看，注意特殊与一般，出题者总是选三个有规律的加一个特殊的或者选三个特殊的加一个有规律的来出题第二部分词法十大词类：只需记住各个词类的符号就可以了。
注意：1、so --- as 句型只能用在否定句中，as --- as无此限制。
2、The more + 句子，the more + 句子：越----，越----。
3、形容词最高级前需要用the，而副词的最高级前的the却可省去。
4、两者之间进行比较时,而且比较范围用of短语时,在比较级前用定冠词the。
1、在时间、条件状语从句中表示将来的动作要用一般现在时代替一般将来时。
2、动词come, go, arrive, start, leave, stay, return, begin, reach等的一般现在时和现在进行时可以表示按规定或计划要发生的将来的动作。
3、动词各种形式的变化规则。
第三部分句法句法的复习重点在于反意疑问句、句子成分的认识、五种简单句的基本句型、复合句的结构分析，当然这些都是作一些最基本的常识性了解。
工大英才培训学校2024年天津市成人高等学校招生全国统一考试冲刺课讲义-英语（专科起点升本科）2024成人高考专升本冲刺课讲义一、语音知识英语字母共有26个，A，E，I，O，U，这5个字母叫做“元音字母”，其余21个位“辅音字母”，即b、c、d、f、g、h、j、k、l、m、n、p、q、r、s、t、v、w、x、y、z.元音字母A，E，I，O和U的读音取决于其位于重读音节（以及何种重读音节）还是非重读音节。
重读音节中的元音字母后若没有辅音字母（如no[au]），或虽有辅音字母（r除外）但后跟一个不发音的字母e（如note[nəut]），则叫作重读开音节，重读音节中的元音字母后若有辅音字母（r除外）且其后没有不发音的字母e（如not[not]），则叫作重读闭音节。
字母音节种类读音例词a在重读开音节中[eɪ]late fate在重读闭音节中[æ]man land在f,n,ss,sp,sl,th前[ɑ:]after plant class grasp past bath 在单词首字母部分出现[ə]about ago ate 在w,wh后[ɒ]wash whate 在重读开音节中[ɪ]Be these 在重读闭音节中[e]set deski在重读开音节中[aɪ]like bike 在重读闭音节中[ɪ]city dido 在重读开音节中[əʊ]so code在重读闭音节中[ɒ]crop not在c,m,n,v,th前[ʌ]some none love motheru 在重读开音节中[j u:]use pupil 在重读闭音节中[ʌ]Must cut字母组合音节类型或在词中的位置读音例词aiay在重读音节中[ei]rain wait may stayal在大多数辅音字母前[ɔ:]talk small [ɔ:l]salt also在f,m前[ɑ:]half calm ar在重读音节中[ɑ:]star March在w后[ɔ:]war warmauaw在重读音节中[ɔ:]caught because draw sawairare在重读音节中[ɛə]chair repair care dareea在重读音节中[i:]meat league ea在重读音节中[e]bread peasant ee在重读音节中[i:]deep street er在重读音节中[ə:]term serve ew在重读音节中[ju:]new blewear在重读音节中[iə]dear fear [ə:]learn heardie在辅音字母前[i:]field believe在重读音节中[ai]lie dieir在重读音节中[ə:]girl first igh在重读音节中[ai]high bright ire在重读音节中[aiə]tired require oa在重读音节中[əu]road goatoioy在重读音节中[ɔi]noise point boy enjoyoo在多数情况下[u:]moon cool在k前[u]look cookor在重读音节中[ɔ:]north order在w后[ə:]work worldou在多数情况下[au]house round在ght前[ɔ:]thought boughtow在重读音节中[au]how town 在重读或非重读音节中[əu]low yellow ore在重读音节中[ɔ:]store before ur在重读音节中[ə:]nurse thursday ure在重读音节中[juə]sure pure辅音字母组合音节类型或在词中的位置读音例词ch [tʃ]chief choice beach teach [k]school chemistryck[k]back check neck pocket dr在原因字母和y前[dr]dress dry drink dge[dʒ]Bridge judge knowledge gh在音节末尾[f]cough enough gue[ge]guess guestgn在元音字母后[n]gnaw gnash咬kn在元音字母前[n]knee knifell[l]bell ballmm[m]summer comment nn[n]dinner winnerng [ŋɡ]anger English [ŋ]along lungnk在元音字母后[ŋk]bank monkey think ph[f]phone phrase pp[p]happy zipper qu在元音字母前[kw]quick equip[k]quarterss[s]class classsc[sk]screen discuss[s]sciencesh[ʃ]dish fish shirt tt[t]bottle prettyth [θ]thought thank [ð]though brothertion [ʃən]nation action [tʃən]question suggestionthe[ð]breathetch在元音字母后[tʃ]catch matchtr在元音字母前[tr]truth truck trouble wh在元音字母a/e/i/u前[w]what which why在元音字母0前[h]who whole whose whom wr在元音字母前r write wrong练习一：I.Phonetics(5points)【2021年真题】Directions:In each of the following groups of words,there are fourunderlined letters or letter combinations marked A,B,C and D. Compare the underlined parts and identify the one that is different from the others in pronunciation.Mark your answer by blackening the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.1.A.cake B.gas C.bag D.tax2.A.tough ugh C.though D.cough3.A.pupil B.music C.huge D.lucky4.A.gesture B.mature C.mixture D.structure5.A.leader B.pleasure C.leather D.measure答案：A C D B A练习二：【2022年真题】1.A.game te C.trade D.have2.A.there B.thick C.thank D.thirtyeless B.endless C.unless D.hopeless4.A.cool B.flood C.food D.moon5.A.easy B.noisy C.busy D.fantasy答案：D A C B D[2023年真题]1.A.past B.fast C.grandson D.reason2.A.lunch B.stomach C.touch D.speech3.A.bomb B.tomb C.climber D.number4.A.alive B.aware C.agent D.attract5.A.four B.hour C.sour D.our二、词汇与语法知识（1）虚拟语气：1.对现在的虚拟：would（should,could,might)+动词原形2.对过去的虚拟：would（should,could,might)+have+动词的过去分词3.对将来的虚拟：would（should,could,might)+动词原形特殊情况：suggest,propose,require，demand等表示命令，要求，建议等词出现时,要用动词原形或者should+动词原形练习一：【2021年真题】10.Mary demanded that he___the books he borrowed from her a month ago.A.returnB.would returnC.returnedD.had returned 答案：A练习二：【2020年真题】19.Tom_____the car accident if he hadn't drunk alcohol before driving.A.would avoidB.avoidedC.would have avoidedD.will avoid 答案：C【2022年真题】15.If John had entered the office ten minutes ago,he_____what we were talking about just now.A.should knowB.had knownC.would knowD.would have known答案：D（2）同位语从句：通常用于以下名词之后，后面紧跟“that”：fact,news,idea,hope,belief,thought,truth,order,suggestion等练习一：【2021年真题】11.We have to accept the fact there is a shortage of qualified teachers in the countrysideA.thatB.whichC.sinceD.because答案：A练习二：【2020年真题】12.The news__the general manager had been arrested shocked everyone.A.whichB.howC.thatD.why答案：C【2022年真题】19.My friend John didn't like my suggestion we should share the rent.A.thatB.whatC.howD.why答案：A【2023年真题】9.John has no idea this dog has been following him all the way.A.whatB.whenC.whereD.why （3）定语从句：引导词：who--做主语whom做宾语，可省略which做主语或宾语（可省略）that指人时等于who/whom,指物时，相当于whichwhose指人/物，做定于，常用名词+of which替代whose关系副词：when,why,where练习一：【2021年真题】13.Those___are willing to help others are likely to be popular among people.A.whoseB.whichC.whoD.what答案：C练习二：【2020年真题】16.I still remember the house we lived when we arrived in Seattle'in2010.A.whenB.thatC.whichD.where答案：D练习三：I still remember the house in we lived when we arrived in Seattle'in2010.A.whenB.thatC.whichD.where答案：C【2022年真题】6.This test is designed for students native language is not English.A.whoseB.whomC.to whomD.to whose 答案：A9.There are numerous websites on the Internet you can learn how to cook.A.thatB.whenC.whereD.which答案：C补充：常用短语和固定搭配1.in the way挡路，阻碍，妨碍2.deal with对付，处理；涉及，论述3.blind sb.to sth.使某人看不到某物,使某人对某物丧失判断力4.contribute to sth.(1)促成，导致;(2)有助于，增添;(3)捐助，贡献;(4)撰稿，投稿5.seek to do sth.设法做某事6.in part部分地;在某种程度上7.vary from...to...从...变为...;在...与...之间变化8.and so on等等，诸如此类9.point of view观点，看法10.apply for申请，请求11.day-to-day(1)日常的，每日常规工作的;(2)逐日的12.have no idea不知道;无能为力13.take the trouble to do sth.费力做某事，不辞劳苦做某事have trouble in doing sth做某事有困难14.put oneself in sb's place设身处地替某人着想15.one's disadvantage处于不利地位16.ask for要求，请求，要价，讨价17.together with和，连同18.in every respect在各个方面19.in other words换句话说，也就是说20.consist of由...组成，由...构成21.a large number of大量的22.a little一点，少量23.a matter of大约，左右24.a sort of一种25.a taste for sth.爱好26.above all首先27.add up to合计达28.add up加起来，总计，与应有的数量相符29.arise from(=be caused by)由…引起.30.arrange for sb./sth.to do sth.安排…做…31.arrive on到达;arrive at到达某地(小地方);得出,作出;arrive in到达某地(大地方);32.be ashamed of(=feel shame,guilt or sorrow because of sth.done)以…为羞耻33.assure sb.of sth.(=try to cause to believe or trust in sth.)向…保证,使…确信.34.attach(to)(=to fix,fasten;join)缚,系,结35.make an attempt at doing sth.(to do sth.)试图做…36.attend to(=give one’s attention,care and thought)注意,照顾;attend on(upon)(=wait upon,serve,look after)侍候,照料37.attitude to/toward…对…的态度.看法38.attribute…to…(=to believe sth.to be the result of…)把..归因于..,认为..是..的结果39.on the average(=on average,on an average)平均40.(be)aware of(=be conscious of, having knowledge or consciousness)意识到,知道.41.at the back of(=behind)在…后面42.in the back of在…后部(里面);on the back of在…后部(外面);43.be on one’s back(=be ill in bed)卧病不起44.at one’s back(=supporting or favoring sb.)支持,维护;have sb.at one’s back有…支持45.turn one’s back on sb.(=turn away from sb.in an impolite way)不理睬(某人),背弃,抛弃46.behind one’s back背着某人(说坏话)47.be based on/upon基于48.on the basis of根据…,在…基础上49.beat…at在…运动项目上打赢50.in case of(=in the event of)如果发生…万一in the case of至于…,就…而言51.derive from起源，衍生于52.die out逐渐消失，灭绝e up with追上，赶上；提出，想出54.do sb.a favor帮某人忙e out出版，发表；显现；出现；结果是e through经受住，熬过（困难）而活下来e off脱落，分开e around苏醒，复原59.due to由于，因为60.eager to do sth.渴望做某事61.end up以...结束62.even if虽然，即使63.ever since此后一直，从此64.fall behind落后，落在....的后面65.figure out计算出，想出66.find out找出，查明67.for a while暂时，片刻68.for example例如69.for long长久地70.for instance例如71.get along on/with相处；有进展72.get down下来73.get into允许进入；卷入74.get off(从.....)下来；免受处罚75.get rid of拜托；出去；处理掉76.go wrong走错路，犯错误；出故障77.hand down递给，传递下来78.hand out分发79.in brief总之，简言之；简短地80.in case of倘若，如果发生81.in conclusion最后，总而言之82.in favor of赞成，支持83.in no time很快，立刻，马上84.in line with和......在一条直线上85.in relation to关于，涉及86.in spite of尽管；不顾；虽然87.in the future将来88.keep in mind记住，不忘记89.keep up with与....同步，跟上90.let alone更不用说，更谈不上91.look for寻找92.make fun of取消，嘲弄93.make out写出，开出；辨认出94.make up one’s mind下决心，决定95.more or less或多或少96.neither...nor...既不....也不...97.now that既然；由于98.now and then有时候，不时地99.on account of因为100.on the contrary正相反，反之三、完型填空Who have the keener sense of smell,dogs or humans?Most of us would21 the dog's nose is much more sensitive than man's.After all,dogs are used to22 criminals,and the police sometimes use dogs to smell out drugs.The23is that your nose is probably as sensitive as any dog's---24 you were trained to use your nose25.And since your brain is much better than the dog's,you would be much26to fool than a dog would be.However,if you wanted to27someone's smell,you would have to crawl(爬行)about28 your hands and knees with your nose to the29as the dog does.In its own way,however,your nose is as sensitive to30smells as your ear is to the softest of sounds.Most wine companies employ professional tasters who31 the quality of their products.These tasters take very small amounts of the32,and roll it around in their mouths while33chewing movements.This"mouthing" of the liquid forces the air up the back entrance to the nasal cavity(鼻腔)toward the olfaclory membrane(嗅觉粘膜),a place34smells can best be caught.If the wine suits their taste(actually,if it suits their smell),they may nod3521.A.remind B.believe C.persuade D.doubt22A.track down B.look at C.calm down D.knock at23.A.reason B.science C.truth D.rule24.A.if B.as C.although D.unless25.A.freely B.properly C.wildly D.slowly26.A.stronger B.smarter C.faster D.harder27.A.cover B.follow C.count D.leave28.A.in B.above C.on D.for29.A.soil B.earth nd D.ground30.A.faint B.strong C.thick D.thin31.A.change B.keep C.release D.judge32.A.coffee B.juice C.alcohol D.tea33.A.mastering B.processing C.making D.producing34.A.which B.where C.how D.why35A.approvingly B.sadly C.gratefully D.reluctantl21-25:B A C A B26-30:D B C D A31-35:D C C B A三、阅读理解Passage OneMy mother raised me with several fixed rules.One was that a genteman always has a clean handkerchief in his rear(后面的)pocket.I can recall being a ten-year-old on the school playground,feeling the piece of cloth directly over my bottom and wondering what it was there for.Time would tell.Every night for most of my life,I have removed from my trousers the things I'm going to need the next day---keys,wallet,and handkerchief.After60years,my body weight feels wrong if I’m heading out of the house with an empty back pocket.This rule of behavior,of course,did not apply to one's children in the late 20th century.When my three kids were growing up,they all let me know that my handkerchief was ridiculously old-fashioned.They had their arguments.lf you have to be prepared every day for a cold,why not carry a little packet of tissues,which saves you from that disgusting(恶心的)business of blowing your nose in the thing and then stuffing it back in your trousers?36.Which of the following is true about the writer when he was a ten-year-old?A.He wanted to become a gentleman.B.He didn’t get along with his mother well.C.He didn’t know the uses of a handkerchief.D.He thought his mother’s rules old-fashioned.37.How did the writer's kids react to his handkerchief?A.They thought he should get rid of it.B.They convinced him of its ridiculous trouble.C.They argued with him about its harmful effect.D.They assured him it would be replaced by tissues.38.Why does the writer use the underlined quotation from his wife in the last paragraph?A.To express gratitude for his wife’s gift.B.To indicate that his wife was easily moved.C.To demonstrate a role of handkerchiefs in life.D.To show a change of attitude towards handkerchiefs.39.What is the best title for the passage?A.Handkerchief:A Family TieB.Handkerchief:A Gift for GrandfathersC.Handkerchief:0ld-fashioned but UsefulD.Handkerchief:Necessary for Gentlemen答案：C A C CPassage ThreeAsk any group of parents to describe their eighth graders(八年级学生),and you’ll get a surprising and often contradictory（矛盾的)-range of responses,Eighth graders are often quiet and shy,yet they’re often loud and frank（诚实的）.They keep pushing you away,yet they’re still deeply influenced by everything you say and do.They can make a perfectly reasonable argument as to why they should be allowed to date,yet they can't seem to understand your perfectly reasonable argument for why they should wait.They want to be individuals,yet they want desperately to fit in.Welcome to the eighth grade!Your child is now a full-grown teenager,and she’ll experience great physical,emotional,and intellectual(智力的)changes during this dramatic year.As she moves from childhood to adulthood(成年),she’ll begin to look like a young woman,and she’ll begin to struggle for the independence of adulthood, for which she’s not quite ready yet.Your teenager will experience changes and feel emotions she won’t always understand.As a result，She’ll sometimes feel a little lost or scared,and often very confused as she struggles to figure out who she is and who she wants to be.That is where you come in.As much as your eighth grader may push you away,as much as you may feel she doesn't want you around.she does want you to be involved in her life.She needs you to know what's happening to her and around her,especially in school where she may face pressure to fit in and where she’ll face a curriculum that challenges her developing reasoning skills.As the saying goes,“Little kids,little problems;big kids,big problems."And your big kid will need you to help her work those problems out.40.Which of the following statements about eighth graders is true?A.They fit into society well.B.They show conflicting characters.C.They push each other away.D.They become increasingly reasonable.41.Why is an eighth grader’s life so dramatic?A.She has many roles to play.B.She is losing her independence.C.She has become a grown-up woman.D.She is experiencing many changes.42.For whom is the passage written?A.Eighth graders’parents.B.Eighth graders’doctors.C.Eighth graders’teachers.D.Eighth graders themselves.43.What is the writer most probably going to do next?A.To criticize eighth graders.B.To introduce a famous teacher.C.To discuss the current educational policy.D.To explain how to help eighth graders.答案：B D A D四、补全对话Directions:Pick out appropriate expressions from the eight choices below and complete the following dialogue by blackening the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.A.I have a reservation.B.How do you doC.What’s the name,pleaseD.Here you areE.How may I help youF.I have a very nice stay hereG.Did you have a pleasant trip H.May I see your ID,please Clerk:Hello,welcome to North Park Hotel!56?David:Hi,yes.57.My assistant booked a room for me three days ago. Clerk:58?David:Sarah Gatesby.Clerk:Ah,yes.She has booked a standard double room,non-smoking for David Black.David:Yes,that's me.Clerk:59?David:Sure.60.Clerk:Thank you.答案：E A C H D六、书面表达Directions:For this part,you are supposed to write an e-mail in about100-120 words based onthe following situation.Remember to write it clearly.【2023年真题】61.你(Li Yuan)要参加一次英语征文比赛,题目为My Favorite Photo。
2021年成人高考专升本备考资料2021年成人高考高起点《英语》语音知识熟悉英语音紊的发音，知道英语字母及常用字母组合在单词中的读音。
了解英语的基本语调以及语调的使用规则，并能在实践中运用这些规则，能在简单的日常会话中使用比较自然的语音语调。
成人高考语音知识考题的设置，主要考查考生对单词正确读音的掌握程度，对于成人英语教学中语音的重视有重要的导向作用。
考生必须根据大纲要求，记住单词的拼写、读音；记住并正确使用大纲规定的语音知识。
语音题为选择题，属客观题。
题型设置和比例相对稳定。
鉴于目前语音知识题的考查采取四选一形式，即找出那个读音不同于组内其他划线部分读音的单词，部分考生的应试对策不外乎两种。
其一是找同类项法。
先从四个选项中找出两个把握比较大的选项，若读音相同，则再从剩余选项中找出一个与这两个选项读音相同的项。
由于这三个选项读音相同，为同类项，均非答案，那么最后剩下的选项即为该题答案。
其二是排除法。
先从四个选项中找出两个把握比较大的选项，若读音不同，其中之一必定是答案。
再从其中找出一个熟悉的选项，以确定这两个选项中哪一个是答案，同时排除非答案选项。
另外，如果四个选项中有两个或三个，甚至四个疑难项，则只有根据构词法、读音规则或其他因素来进行推理分析，以推断出一个或几个词的读音，用找同类项法或排除法找出答案，这就是推理法。
由于辅音字母及其组合在单词中的读音不受重读音节的影响，掌握起来相对容易些。
因此考生必须牢牢记住辅音字母及其组合的读音规则。
在记忆时，可以采取分类记忆的方法。
如21个辅音字母中，有16个在单词中的读音一般只有一种读法（省略或同化现象除外）。
我们在记忆时可以分为三组。
第一组有：b，d，j，k，p，q，v，z，这些辅音字母在单词中，读其名称音的前半部分。
如b的名称音为[bi：]，在单词中读作[b]，例词：border[bэ：da]；第二组有：f，l，m，n，这些辅音字母在单词中，读其名称音的后半部分。
