Module 7 Unit 19 Warm-up

GRAMMAR名词性从句在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫做名词性从句。

根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词性从句又可分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。

常见的引导名词性从句的引导词有what, who, which, when, where, why, how, that, whether, if等。

【归纳】一、主语从句★用作主语的从句叫做主语从句。

如：That we shall be late is certain.What she did is not yet known.How the prisoner escaped is a complete mystery.★有时可用形式主语it代替主语从句，即将it放在句首，将主语从句放在句末，以免句子头重脚轻。

如：a. it + be +形容词+ that从句It is natural that they should have different views.b. it + be +名词+ that从句It is a pity (that) he can’t swim.c. it +动词（+宾语）+ that从句It seems that you are right.It struck me that we ought to make a new plan.d. it +动词被动式结构+ that从句It is said that there has been an earthquake in India.★that引导主语从句时，在句中无实际意义，不充当句子成分，只起连接作用。

当它引导的主语从句置于句首时，that不能省略。

如：That she is still alive is a great relief.★if不可引导位于句首的主语从句，只可用whether；如果用it作形式主语，而将主语从句置于句尾时，则可以用if引导。

如：Whether Tom will come remains unknown.It remains unknown whether / if Tom will come.二、表语从句★用作表语的从句叫做表语从句。

如：My point is that you may have to face the problem.The problem is who we can get to replace Frank.That is where the battle took place.★后跟表语从句的除be外，还有appear, become, look, remain, seem, sound等。

如：I feel sorry for her, but the fact remains that she lied to us.★在advice, suggestion, order等表示建议、劝告、命令等含义的名词后的表语从句中，谓语部分要用“should +动词原形”结构，should可以省略。

如：Jack’s suggestion is that we (should) attend the meeting.★whether可以引导表语从句，if一般不可以。

如：The question is whether to go to London or Paris.★as if也可引导表语从句。

如：All this was over 20 years ago, but it’s as if it was only yesterday.三、宾语从句★用作宾语的从句叫做宾语从句。

如：I felt that she had a strong will.I wonder what you call these flowers.Tell me how you got home.★宾语从句既可以作动词的宾语也可以作介词的宾语。

如：She is sorry for what she said.★有时可以用it作形式宾语，而把宾语从句放到句子后面去。

如：Why don’t you bring it to his attention that you’re too ill to go on?★whether和if也常用来引导宾语从句。

如：I do not know whether / if you like flowers.She did not say whether / if her aunt was still with them.★在advise, suggest, order等表示建议、劝告、命令等含义的动词后的宾语从句中，谓语部分要用“should +动词原形”结构，should可以省略。

如：They are advising that children (should) be kept out of the sun altogether.四、同位语从句★用作同位语的从句叫做同位语从句。

如：The news that we are having a holiday tomorrow is not true.Thomas asked the reason why there was a delay.★advice, demand, order, request, requirement, suggestion等后跟同位语从句时，谓语部分要用“should +动词原形”结构，should可以省略。

如：The suggestion that we (should) change the date came from Peter.【即学即练】I. 用正确的连（接）词填空。

1. Water will continue to be ________ it is today — next to oxygen in importance.2. It is believed ________ the first cheese was probably made more than 4,000 years ago.3. “Do you think ________ I should attend the lecture?” she asked me.4. ________ we will go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.5. Although Anne is happy with her success, she wonders ________ will happen to her private life.6. ________ Mr. Green will come to the discussion is certain.7. She asked the reason ________ there was a delay.8. We were very excited at the news ________ our Chinese athletes won many gold medals.9. Can you tell us ________ is responsible for the fire?10. I had a cold. That’s ________ I didn’t come yesterday.II. 用正确的连接词完成下面短文。

Holidays are important for all of us. 1. ________ we decide to have a city holiday or a holiday by the beach depends upon our personal preferences. The main thing is 2. ________ weare taking a break from our usual routine (日常事务).Of course, the main difference between city holidays and beach holidays is in the kind of activities you are able to do. At the beach, for example, you can swim or surf. While in a city, 3. ________ you can do varies from going shopping to visiting museums and going to the theatre.Another major difference is 4. ________ having a holiday by the beach tends to be more relaxing. When you are in a city, you have to organise 5. ________ you do carefully, or the fact 6.________ you spend all your time getting on buses, walking and visiting may make you get exhausted soon. On the other hand, the beach is 7. ________ time goes by more slowly. If you like, you can swim, lie in the sun or the shade, have a quiet drink and go to sleep.All in all, where you go to spend a holiday largely depends on 8. ________ you like and 9. ________ hard you have been working.参考答案【即学即练】I. 1. what 2. that 3. whether / if 4. Whether 5. what 6. That 7. why8. that 9. who 10. whyII. 1. Whether 2. that 3. what 4. that 5. what 6. that 7. where 8. what 9. how。