【英语】上海市长宁区2018届高三二模英语试题 含答案

上海市长宁区2018年中考⼆模英语试卷（含详细答案）上海市长宁区2018年中考⼆模英语试卷（满分150分，考试时间100分钟）2018. 4考⽣注意：本卷有7⼤题，共94⼩题。

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Part 1 Listening (第⼀部分听⼒)I. Listening comprehension (听⼒理解) （共30分）A. Listen and choose the right picture (根据你听到的内容，选出相应的图⽚) (6分)A B C DE F G H1.______2. ______3. ______4. ______5.______6. ______B. Listen to the dialogue and choose the best answer to the question you hear (根据你听到的对话和问题，选出最恰当的答案) （8分）7. A) In his schoolbag. B) In his pocket. C) In the desk. D) In the playground.8. A) To buy things. B) To travel around. C) To study. D) To go on business.9. A) Rainy. B) Cloudy. C) Windy. D) Sunny.10. A) 20 yuan. B) 60 yuan. C) 70 yuan. D) 80 yuan.11. A) Once. B) Twice. C) Three times. D) Four times.12. A) Teacher and student. B) Husband and wife. C) Doctor and patient. D) Manager and clerk.13. A) She isn’t very shy.B) She is quiet.C) She talks a lot. D) She is easy to communicate.14. A) The radio is broken. B) Some parts of the radio are missing.C) He will repair the radio. D) He will change the batteries.C. Listen to the passage and tell whether the following statements are true or false (判断下列句⼦是否符合你听到的短⽂内容，符合的⽤“T”表⽰，不符合的⽤“F”表⽰) (6分)15. The writer taught the kids how to read as a volunteer last summer.16. Mary often went to the nearest supermarket twice a week by bus.17. Although Mary didn’t know words, she could recognize items by sight.18. Mary felt confident because she managed to walk to the supermarket by herself.19. Mary could read bedtime stories to her youngest son at the end of the program.20. The writer learned more about teaching and helping others than Mary did.D. Listen to the passage and complete the following sentences (听短⽂，完成下列内容，每空格限填⼀词) (10分)21. The reading club started _______ _______ and it has about 90 members now.22. Sometimes the members of the music club _______ _______ performances themselves.23. Trips or bicycle races are usually organized _______ _______ and last at least two hours.24. The aim of the environment protection club is to make our _______ _______.25. In environment protection club, students can _______ ______ on the farm not far from their school.Part 2 Phonetics, Grammar and Vocabulary（第⼆部分语⾳、语法和词汇）II. Choose the best answer (选择最恰当的答案) (共20分)26. Which of the following words is pronounced as / pra?z/?A) praise B) prize C) price D) prison27. Which of the following underlined parts is different in pronunciation from the others?A) I felt my heart b ea ting fast. B) For br ea kfast I had a slice of bread.C) Health means w ea lth. D) Go ah ea d! Believe in yourself.28. His health condition got so bad recently that he decided to go on ______ diet right now.A) a B) an C) the D) /29. I remember that my cousin Peter came to see us ______ a very cold night last time.A) in B) on C) at D) with30. Ted, a friend of _______, is keen on taking an active part in sports regularly.A) my B) mine C) me D) myself31. Some traditional skills are disappearing because ______ young people are interested in them.A) few B) a few C) little D) a little32. Learning to do some teamwork with ______ is important in our daily life.A) another B) the other C) others D) the others33. Fifty percent of my monthly pocket money _______ spent on entertainment.A) have B) has C) is D) are34. ______ graduates will attend the 100th anniversary celebration of the university next month.A) Thousand B) Thousands C) Thousand of D) Thousands of35. Martin did n’t ea t up all the food he ordered, _______ he took the rest away.A) for B) or C) as D) so36. The waitress talked as ________ as she could to make the customers understand her.A) clear B) clearer C) clearly D) more clearly37. Children over 120 cm tall _______ pay the full entry price to the exhibition show.A) can B) may C) should D) must38. Nowadays a lot of young people are trying to do more things _______ the old.A) to serve B) serve C) serving D) served39. ______ amazing it is to see so many wild animals with our own eyes in Shanghai!A) How B) What C) What a D) What an40. The re’s s omething wrong with our new product. We ______ a lot of complaints so far.A) receive B) received C) will receive D) have received41. I don’t thi nk Julia saw me at the moment because she_______ with her friends on the Internet.A) is chatting B) was chatting C) has chatted D) would chat42. He offered to take me for a ride in his new car after he finished _______it.A) clean B) cleans C) cleaning D) to clean43. You will see a lot of ancient buildings there _______ you go to that famous small town.A) because B) though C) if D) since44. –Let’s go to Mr. Smith’s speech on western culture, shall we?– ______ We can attend his lecture next time.A) Why not? B) That’s all right.C) Never mind. D) I’m afraid it’s too late.45. – Students should be allowed to have mobile phones. They can contact their parents more conveniently.– ______ Actually they often use them to play games.A) I hope so. B) I don’t agree.C) No problem. D) Good idea.III. Complete the following passage with the words or phrases in the box. Each can be used only once (将下列单词或词组填⼊空格。

2018年长宁区高考英语二模试题II. Grammar and VocabularySection AA Great FriendshipThomas Jefferson and James Madison met in 1776. Could it have been any other year? TheyJefferson wrote to his longtime friend. His words and Madison's reply remind us that friends are friends until death. They also remind us that sometimes a friendship has a bearing on things larger than the friendship itself, for has there ever been a friendship of greater public consequence than this one?po1itical principles and pursuits have been sources of constant happiness to me through that longvindicating to posterity the course that we've pursued for preserving to them, in all their purity, their blessings of self-government, which we had assisted in acquiring for them. If ever the earthgeneral interest and happiness of those committed to it, one which, protected by truth, can neverpillar of support throughout life. Take care of me when dead and be assured that I should leave with you my last affections."harmony with more affecting recollections than I do. 29 they are a source of pleasure to you, what aren’t they not to be to me? We cannot be deprived of the happy consciousness of the pure devotion to the public good with Which we discharge the trust committed to us and I indulgeafter we are gone, whatever of justice may be withheld whilst we are here. "He is kindlyThe other evening at a dancing club a young man introduced me to Mr. and Mrs. F. Scott Fitzgerald, and Scott seemed to have changed a lot from the first time I met him at Princeton, when he was an eager undergraduate trying his best to __31__ himself into a great author. He is still trying hard to be a great author. He is at work now on a novel which his wife __32__ me is far better than This Side of Paradise, but like most of our younger novelists he finds it __33__ toproduce a certain number of short stories to make the wheels go around. That The V egetable, his play, did not receive a Manhattan presentation seems to have disappointed rather than discouraged him. He is still __34__ light-hearted.I have always considered him the most brilliant of our younger novelists. Not one of them can tough his style, nor the superb quality of his satire(讽刺). He has yet to put them in a novel with carefulness of conception and __35__ of character. He can become almost any kind of writer that his peculiarly restless character will __36__.Born in St. Paul, he attended Princeton, served in the Army, wrote his first novel in a training camp, achieved fame and fortune, married a Southern girl, has a child and lives in New York. At heart, he is one of the kindliest of the younger writers. Artistry means a great deal to F. Scott Fizgerald, and into his own best work he __37__ great efforts. He demands this in the work of others, and when he does not find it he criticizes with passionate earnestness. I have known him, after reading a young fellow-novelist’s book, to take what must have been hours of time to write him a lengthy, careful __38__.Just what he will write in the future remains __39__. With a firmer reputation than that of the other young people, he yet seems to me to have achieved rather less than Robert Nathan and rather more than Stephen Vincent Benet, Cyril Hume. His coming novel should mean a definite prediction for future work. It is to be hoped that from it will be __40__ the seemingly unavoidable modern girls.III. Reading ComprehensionSection AStandards for Schools: Developing Organizational Accountability(绩效) Quality teaching depends on not just teacher’s knowledge and skills but on the environment in which they work. Schools need to offer a coherent curriculum focused on higher-order thinking and performance across subject areas and grades, time for teachers to work __41__ with students to accomplish challenging goals, opportunities for teachers to plan with and learn from one another, and regular occasions to evaluate the outcomes of their __42__.If schools are to become more responsible, they must, like other professional organizations, make evaluation and assessment part of their everyday lives. Just as hospitals have standing committees of staff that meet regularly to look at evaluation data and discuss the __43__ of each aspect of their work – a practice reinforced by their accreditation(评定) requirements, - schools must have regular occasions to examine their practice and effectiveness.As Richard Rothstein and colleagues describe in Grading Education: Getting Accountability Right, school-level accountability can be supported by school __44__, like those common in many other nations, in which trained experts evaluate schools by spending several days visiting classrooms, __45__ samples of student work, and interviewing students about their understanding and their experiences, __46__ looking at objective data such as test scores, graduation rates, and so on. In some cases, principals accompany the inspectors into classrooms and are asked for their own evaluations of the lessons. In this way, the inspectors are able to make __47__ about the instructional and supervisory competence(能力) for principals. As described earlier, inspectors may also play a role in ensuring the __48__ and comparability of school-based assessments (as in England and A ustralia), as well as school’s internal assessment and evaluation process (as in HongKong).In most countries’ inspection systems, schools are rated on the quality of instruction and other services and supports, as well as students’ __49__ and progress o n a wide range of aspects, including and going beyond academic subject areas, such as extra-curricular, personal and social __50__, the acquisition of workplace skills and the __51__ to which students are encouraged to adopt safe practices and a __52__ lifestyle. Schools are rated as to whether they pass inspection, need modest improvements, or require serious intervention(介入), and they receive extensive feedback on what the inspectors both saw and __53__. Reports are publicly posted. Schools requiring intervention are then given more expert __54__ and support, and are placed on a more frequent schedule of visits. Those that persistently fail to pass may be placed under local government control and could be __55__ if they are not improved.41. A. occasionally B. closely C. strictly D. peacefully42. A. challenges B. competence C. curriculum D. practices43. A. effectiveness B. faults C. progress D. requirements44. A. instruction B. protection C. inspection D. consideration45. A. taking B. improving C. examining D. copying46. A. as far as B. rather than C. other than D. as well as47. A. judgments B. decisions C. inquiries D. suggestions48. A. quantity B. quality C. instruction D. support49. A. education B. performance C. attention D. interest50. A. responsibility B. structure C. resources D. benefits51. A. frequency B. consistence C. satisfaction D. extent52. A. comparable B. healthy C. different D. unique53. A. appreciated B. criticized C. recommended D. rewarded54. A. attention B. programs C. evaluation D. explanations55. A. set down B. put down C. closed down D. pulled downSection B(A)NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC NEWSWarning from ExpertsA growing amount of human-made orbital debris (太空轨道残骸)一from rocket stages and out-of-date satellite ---is circling the Earth. Scientists say the orbital debris, better known as space junk, poses an increasing threat to space activities. “ This is a growing environmental problem,” said Nicholas Jonson, the chief scientist and program manager for orbital debris at NASA(美国航空航天局) in Houston, Texas.Johnson and his team have developed a computer model capable of simulating past and future amounts of space junk. The model predicts that even without future rocket or satellitelaunches, the amount of debris in low orbit around Earth will remain steady through 2055, after which it will increase. While current efforts have focused o limiting future space junk, these scientists say removing large pieces of old space junk will soon be necessary.Since the first launch of satellite in 1957, humans have been generating space junk. The U.S. Space Surveillance Network is currently tracking over 13,000 human-made objects larger than ten centimeters in diameter orbiting t he Earth. “Of the 13 000 objects, over 40 percent came from breakups of both spacecraft and rocket bodies,” Johnson sand. In addition, there are hundreds of thousands of smaller objects in space. These include everything from pieces of plastic to bits of paint. Much of this smaller junk has come from exploding rocket stages. Stages are sections of a rocket that have their own fuel or engines.These objects travel at speeds over 35, 000 kilometers an hour. At such high speed, even small junk can tear holes in a spacecraft or disable a satellite by causing electrical shorts that result from clouds of superheated gas.Johnson believes it may be time to think about how to remove junk from space. Previous proposals range from sending up spacecrafts to grab junk and bring it down to using lasers to slow an object's orbit to cause it to fall back to Earth more quickly. Given current technology, those proposals appear neither technically nor economically practical, “Space junk is like any environmental problem. “Johnson admits. “It’s growing. If you don’t deal with it now, it will only become worse, and the solutions in the future are going to be even more costly.”56. What is this passage mainly talking about?A. Advanced technology is used to remove spaces junkB. NASA is responsible for the environmental problem.C. Cleaning up the space junk is greatly neededD. Human activities generate much orbital debris57. Which of the following is not mentioned in the passage?A. Rocket launches produce more debris than satellite launches Space Tech CultureB. Space junk is endangering human beings' space activitiesC. It's necessary to clean up the large pieces of old space junkD. Even a tiny piece of space junk can destroy a spacecraft58. What does John think of the previous proposals to grab space junk and bring it down to the earth?A. ReasonableB. UnbelievableC. ReliableD. Impractical(B)Eye Scan Technology Comes to SchoolsABC News: Parents who want to pick up their kids at school in one New Jersey district now can submit to iris(虹膜) scans, as the technology that helps keep our nation’s airports and hotels safe begins to make its way further into American lives.this high-tech security system on Monday with funding fromthe Department of Justice as part of a study on the system’seffectiveness.As many as four adults can be authorized to pickup each child in the district, but in order to be authorized tocome into school, they will be asked to register with the district’s iris recognition security and visitor management system. At this point, the New Jersey program is not a must.If someone tries to slip in behind an authorized person, the system causes an alarm and red flashing lights in the front office. The entire process takes just seconds.This kind of technology is already at work in airports around the country like Orlando International Airport, where the program has been in operation since July. It has 12,000 subscribers who pay $79.95 for the convenience of submitting to iris scans rather than going through lengthy security checks.An iris scan is said to be more accurate than a fingerprint because it records 240 unique details—far more than the seven to twenty-four details that are analyzed in fingerprints. The chances of being misidentified by an iris scan are about one in 1.2 million and just one in 1.44 trillion if you scan both eyes.Phil Meara, the Freehold District official, said that although it was expensive, the program would help schools across the country move into a new frontier in child protection. “This is all part of a larger emphasis, here in New Jersey, on school safety,” he said. “We chose this school because we were looking for a typical slightly urban sch ool to launch the system.”Meara applied for a $369,000 grant on behalf of the school district and had the eye scanners installed in two grammar schools and one middle school. So far, 300 of the nearly 1,500 individuals available to pick up a student from school have registered for the eye scan system.59. Why does the Freehold Borough School District adopt the eye scan security system?A. To ensure the school safety and efficiency of picking up children.B. To encourage more students to register in New Jersey urban schools.C. To test the effectiveness of school security and management system.D. To collect the information of the children and their beloved parents.60. What’s the advantage of the eye scan system over fingerprints?A. Having many more subscribers throughout the country.B. Authorizing the adults to pick up children more flexibly.C. Attracting parents in a larger proportion to register for it.D. Making almost no mistakes in identifying the authorized.61. How does Phil Meara help to protect the safety of children?A. By asking people to register with the security system.B. By applying for grant to install eye scanners in schools.C. By asking the department of justice to fund this program.D. By turning to Orlando International Airport for help.62. What is the best title of this passage?A. Parents Favor the Eye Scan SystemB. Security Management Needs Improving.C. High Technology Comes to SchoolD. Iris Scanners are Invented in the Country.(C)Dusty Nash, an angelic-looking blond child of seven, awoke at 5 one recent morning in his Chicago home and began to throw a fit. He cried and kicked. Every muscle in his 50-1b. body flew in violent motion. Finally, after about 30 minutes, Dusty Pulled himself together sufficiently to head downstairs for breakfast. While his mother was busy in the kitchen, the extremely excited child pulled a box of Kix cereal from the cupboard and sat on a chair.But sitting still was not easy this morning. After grabbing some cereal with his hands, he began kicking the box, scattering little round com puffs across the room Next he turned his attention to the TV set, or rather, the table supporting it. The table was covered with a check-board Con-Tact paper, and Dusty began peeling it off. Then he became interested in the spilled cereal and started smashing it into bits.It was only 7:30, and his mother Kyle Nash, who teaches a medical-school course on death and dying, was already feeling half dead from exhaustion. Dusty was to see his doctors that day at 4, and they had asked her not to give the boy the drug he usually takes to control his extreme excitement and attention problems, a condition known as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). It was going to be a very long day without help from Ritain, a powerful drug which some people take for pleasure, but which they can become addicted to.Karenne Bloomgarden remembers such days all too well The spirited, 43-year-old boss and gym teacher was a disaster as a child growing up in New Jersey. I did very poorly in school \wereconstantly on her case for tough behavior. \They just felt I was being bad---too loud, too physical, too everything \diagnosis\The athletic Bloomgarden managed to get into college, but she admits that she cheated her way to a diploma \she did fine in physically active jobs but was anxious about administrative work. Then, four yeas ago, a doctor put a label on her troubles: ADHD. “It's been such a weigh off my shoulders\says Bloomgarden, who takes both stimulant Ritalin and the antidepressant Zoloft to improve her concentration. “I had 38 years of thinking I was a bad person. Now I'm rewriting the tapes of who I thought I was to who I really am.”63. What does the phrase “throw a fit” in the 1st paragraph probably mean?A. turn oneself around casuallyB. fall down to the ground carelesslyC. lose one's temper suddenlyD. shout and complain loudly64. Why did Dusty Nash mess the room?A. He was reluctant to listen to his motherB. He couldn’t focus on anything f or a whileC. He forgot to take the medicine he usually tookD. He was afraid to see the doctor with his mother.65. The passage is chiefly concerned with _______________A. the visible symptoms of the disease ADHDB. the precise definition of the disease ADHDC. Dusty's experiences in his childhood and collegeD. Karenne's confessing of cheating to get a diploma66. What can be inferred from the passage?A. Dusty went to see his private doctor every week in the past years.B. Dusty's mother took care of him till he was admitted to a collegeC. A psychologist examined Karenne and cured her serious disease.D. Karenne didn't know herself well until she was diagnosed with ADHDThe Minoans: A Forgotten PeopleThe first advanced culture in ancient Greece was the Minoan culture. For thousands of years,knowledge of these people survived only in Greek myths. In the late 19th century, archaeologists began to unearth ruins. This inspired Arthur Evans to begin digging on the island of Crete near mainland Greece. On a dig in Kbossos, Evans found an ancient palace. Experts think that it was the palace of King Minos, a central figure in many Greek myths.____67____ With his team, he uncovered a vast structure, varied works of art, and many hieroglyphic records, These finds, together with later finds, comprise all that experts know about Minoan culture.From the evidence experts gathered, it is clear that the Minoans were ahead of their time. The palace at Knossos was five floors high with hundreds of rooms. Buildings throughout the ancient city had plumbing and flush toilets. Stone pavement lined the surfaces of the roads. In addition, the Minoans possessed a highly developed naval fleet for long-distance trade. ____68_____ These records confirm the central role of commerce in culture.Expert analysis of the evidence also offers insight into some aspects of Minoan society. ____69____ Ruins and artwork suggest that people of all classes enjoyed a high degree of social and gender equality. Religious icons show that Minoans worshiped bulls, the natural world, and many female gods.An unusual feature of Minoans culture was the pursuit of leisure interests. Sport and visual arts were central to Minoan life. Boxing and bull jumping, a sport in which players jumped over live bulls, were popular. Although bull jumping may have served some ritual purpose, experts believe that it was done mostly for fun. Similarly, although some works of art showed political and religious themes, other works served only as pleasant décor(装饰品). ____70_____ The Minoans met their demise after a series of natural disasters. Experts believe that group from the Greek mainland capitalized on these events and looked over the island.IV. Summary WritingThe Conflict of the OrdersThe types of people who served as officials in the Roman government changed over time. These changes stemmed from the attempts of common people to more rights. The struggles became known as the Conflict of the Orders.In the early republic, Romans were divided into two classes of people: patricians and plebeians. Patricians were powerful landowners who controlled the government. As nobles, they inherited their power. Plebeians, who made up most of the population, were mainly farmers and workers. For many years, plebeians had few rights. They could vote, but they were barred from holding most public offices. Plebeians could not even know Roman laws because laws were not written down. In court, a judge stated and applied the law, but only patricians served as judges.Over time, plebeians increased their power through demand and strikes. They gained the right to join the army, hold government office, form their own assembly, and elect leaders. In one of their greatest victories, they forced the government to write down the laws of the Roman Republic. In about 450, B.C. the Romans engraved their laws on tablets called the Twelve Tables. The laws were placed in the Forum, the chief public square, for all to view.The first plebeians were appointed to the government in the late 400s B.C. After 342 B.C., a plebeian always held one of the consul positions. By about 300 B.C. many plebeians had become so powerful and wealthy themselves that they joined with patricians to form the Roman nobility.From that time on, the distinction between patricians and plebeians was not a important. Membership in the nobility was still very important, however, since government officials were not paid a salary, only wealthy nobles could afford to hold office. Thus, the nobles still controlled the republic.V. Translation72. 我们必须尽快适应新环境。

III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Our modern working lives are ruled by the concept of competence(能力). The idea that lies behind competence is quite simple: that one can state what people should do in behavioral terms, and then 41 whether a person has succeeded in meeting that task or not. We rarely have a second thought about whether the idea of measuring and achieving competence is a good one or not. 42 , it is a debatable one.Humans do not learn or work in ways that can be measured by the 43 of competence. Take the example of a barista who is being trained to make coffee. The job title of ―barista‖ 44 a degree of skill in making coffee. However, baristas in large coffee chains are usually trained through 45 qualifications. One part of these qualifications is to produce a cup of coffee to meet a(n) 46 standard. It might have to achieve a certain taste and appearance. This might seem perfectly reasonable, but there are two reasons why such an approach to training baristas does not 47 .First, the production of a cup of coffee to a certain standard is a binary (二次元的) 48 . The baristas can either produce a coffee of a certain standard or they cannot. If they happen to produce the best cup of coffee in the world, it does not matter, as competence-based training does not reward outstanding performance. 49 , producing the worst cup of coffee would be a fail in the same way as producing a cup just below the standard. In fact, competence is not interested in the process of producing a coffee at all—only the final binary outcome.Second, if the barista does produce a coffee to a certain 50 , competence is not interested in why the barista can do that. But humans are not machines that 51 produce binary outcomes. We have bodies and minds which 52 through learning.Yet we are increasingly forced to 53 competence in our schools and workplaces. We are not empty machines that simply produce binary outcomes. If we want to be true human in our learning and our workplaces, we need to be 54 and special. Learning and innovation involve failure in aiming for something that is unusually good. Such things simply cannot be 55 by the standard of competence where the mediocre(平凡的) is the gold standard.41. A.question B. predict C.measure D. confirm42. A. As a rule B. As a whole C. In other words D. In fact43. A. impression B. concept C. value D. development44. A. suggests B. assumes C. deserves D. inherits45. A. society-based B. self-based C. pleasure-basedD. competence-based46. A. minimum B. unique C. traditional D. international47. A. last B. work C. exist D. change48. A.challenge B. appearance C. outcome D. practice49. A. Therefore B. Instead C. Moreover D. Likewise50. A. agreement B. extent C. standard D. description51. A. typically B. simply C. cheaply D. occasionally52. A. alter B. expand C. create D. exhaust53. A. handle B. classify C. transfer D. achieve54. A. common B. sociable C. creative D. mature55. A. judged B. achieved C. restored D. presented Keys: 41-45 C D B A D 46-50 A B C D C 51-55 B A D C AIII. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections：For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Concerns about the harm caused by ―too much‖ screen time—particularly when it is spent on social media—are widespread. But working out what a ―healthy‖____41___might be is far from easy.Some negative experiences on social media—like___42____how your appearance compares to others—do affect some children. However, this does not mean that technology use in ___43___is harmful and it is difficult to make claims about how it will affect different people.Consider the picture painted by a UNICEF review of existing research into the effects of digital technology on children’s ___44___ comforts, including happiness, mental health and sociallife. Rather than stating that social media was harmful, it suggested a more ____45_____effect.The UNICEF report highlighted a 2017 study that examined 120,000 UK 15-year-olds. Among those teenagers who were the lightest users, it was found that increasing the time spent using technology was linked to___46____ comfort—possibly because it was important for keeping up friendships. ___47____, among the heaviest users of technology, any increase in time was linked to lower levels of comfort. Overall, the UNICEF study suggested that some screen time could be good for children’s mental health.A broader look at evidence provided by some other high quality studies again suggests the story is not ___48___. An early study in 2013 looked at how the television and video game habits of 11,000 UK five-year-olds affected them two years later. It is one of few studies actually ___49___ the effects of technology over time. It suggested that, compared with children who watched one hour of television or less on a weekday, a small increase in conduct problems was seen among those who watched more than three hours each day. Playing electronic games, however, was not seen as leading to a greater ____50____ of friendship or emotional problems.So how much time should our children spend looking at screens? It is difficult to be ___51___ as different people spend time online in such different ways. A useful comparison might be with sugar. Broadly speaking, people___52_____ that too much sugar can be bad for your health. But the effect it might have can depend on many factors, from the type of sugar to the person and the amount. We would not___53____trust anyone who claims to predict how someone is affected by consuming one gram of sugar. The same could be said for ___54___ usage: the outcomes depend on so many factors that only very____55____predictions are possible.41.A. amount B. comparison C. experience D. medium42.A. accounting for B. boasting of C. commenting on D. worrying about43.A. general B. particular C. private D. public44.A. domestic B. material C. physical D. psychological45.A. complex B. dramatic C. harmless D. predictable46.A. improved B. maximum C. relative D. small47.A. As a rule B. In contrast C. On the whole D. Worse still48.A. convincing B. definite C. probable D. true49.A. estimating B. experiencing C. reducing D. tracing50. A. connection B. power C. promotion D. risk51. A. balanced B. independent C. precise D. subjective52. A. agree B. forget C. object D. remember53. A. equally B. readily C. reluctantly D. weakly54. A. emotion therapy B. social media C. TV broadcasting D. video game55. A. confident B. optimistic C. rough D. wildKeys: 41—45 ADADA 46—50 ABBDD 51—55 CABBCIII. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections：For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Hailing from Sweden, ―plogging‖ is a fitness craze that sees participants pick up plastic litter while jogging - adding a virtuous, environmentally driven element to the sport.Plogging appears to have started around 2016, but is now going global, due to increasing awareness and (41)_______ over plastic levels in the ocean.The appeal of plogging is its (42)_______-- all you need is running gear and a bin bag, and the feeling of getting fit while supporting a good cause. By adding regular squats(蹲) to pick up junk and carrying (43)_______ to jogging, we can assume the health benefits are increased.Running and good causes have always gone (44)_______ - just think of all the fundraising marathon runners do. But there couldn’t be a more on-trend way of keeping fit than plogging.Anything that’s getting people out in nature and connecting (45)_______ with their environment is a good thing, says Lizzie Carr, an environmentalist who helped set up Plastic Patrol, a nationwide campaign to (46)_______ our inland waterways of plastic pollution. ―There’s been a real (47)_______ in the public mindset around plastics, helped by things like Blue Planet highlighting ho w disastrous the crisis is,‖ she says.We need to keep momentum high and the pressure up, and empower people through (48)_______ like plogging and Plastic Patrol.The Plastic Patrol app allows users to (49)_______ plastic anywhere in the world by collecting discarded items, photographing them and (50)_______ to the app, giving us a better knowledge of what sorts of plastic and which brands are being thrown out. ―I’d urge all ploggers to get involved,‖ adds Carr.Plogging isn’t the first fitness tre nd to combine running with a good cause. Here are some of our favourites:Good GymIts idea is simple: go for a run, visit an elderly person, have a chat and some tea, and run back.(51)_______ among the elderly is a growing problem in the UK. With over 10,000 runs so far, (52)_______, Good Gym is finding a solution.Guide RunningGuide runners volunteer their time to helping blind people get (53)_______. By linking themselves together, the (54)_______ - impaired individual can feel safe while both work up a sweat.(55) _______ for the HomelessStart-up Stuart Delivery and the Church Housing Trust collaborated last year in bringing clothing and healthy food to the homeless. Deliveries are mostly made by bike, so those who deliver keep fit while helping rough sleepers(无家可归者).41. A. satisfaction B. hesitation C. fear D. control42. A. complexity B. simplicity C. instrument D. expense43. A. substance B. responsibility C. value D. weight44. A. one on one B. head to toe C. hand in hand D. on and off45. A. positively B. neutrally C. objectively D. fairly46. A. accuse B. rid C. assure D. rob47. A. shift B. interest C. aid D. delight48. A. motives B. performances C. exercises D. initiatives49. A. eliminate B. map C. seek D. degrade50. A. leading B. devoting C. ending D. uploading51. A. Disappointment B. Tiredness C. Sickness D. Loneliness52. A. therefore B. moreover C. however D. instead53. A. excited B. ready C. active D. smart54. A. visually B. audibly C. visibly D. sensibly55. A. Running B. Plogging C. Driving D. Cycling Keys:41-45 CBDCA46-50 BADBD51-55 DCCADⅢ. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Standards for Schools: Developing Organizational Accountability(绩效) Quality teaching depends on teachers'knowledge and skills but on the environment in which they work. Schools need to offer a coherent c m focused on higher-order thinking and performance across subject areas and grades, time for teachers to work41with students to accomplish challenging goals, opportunities for teachers to plan with and learn from one another, and regular occasions to evaluate the outcomes of their42.If schools are to become more responsible, they must, like other professional organizations, make evaluation and assessment part of their everyday lives. Just as hospitals have standing committees of staff that meet regularly to look at evaluation data and discuss the43of each aspect of their work-a practice reinforced by their accreditation( if i) requirements,---schools must have such regular occasions to examine their practice and effectiveness.As Richard Rothstein and his colleagues describe in Grading Education: Getting Accountability Right,school-level accountability can be supported by school _ 44, like those common in many other nations, in which trained experts evaluate schools by spending several days visiting classrooms,45 samples of student work, and interviewing students about their understanding and their experiences,46looking at objective data such as test scores, graduation rates, and so on. In some cases, principals accompany the inspectors into classrooms and are asked for their own evaluations of the lessons. In this way, the inspectors are able to make _47about the instructional and supervisory competence(能力)of principals. As described earlier, inspectors may also play a role in ensuring the 48 and comparability of school-based assessments(as in Englandand Australia), as well as schools internal assessment and evaluation process(as in Hong Kong).I n most countries’ inspection systems, schools are rated on the quality of instruction and other services and supports, as well as students’49and progress in a wide range of aspects, including and going beyond academic subject areas, such as extra-curricular, personal and social_ 50, the acquisition of workplace skills and the51to which students are encouraged to adopt safe practices and a 52 lifestyle. Schools are rated as to whether they pass inspection, need modest improvements, or require serious intervention(介入), and they receive extensive feedbackon what the inspections both saw and _53_. Reports are publicly posted. Schools requiring intervention are then given more expert 54 and support, and are placed on a more frequent schedule of visits. Those that persistently fail to pass may be placed under local government control and could be_ 55 if they are not improved.41. A. occasionally B. closely C. strictly D. peacefully42. A. challenges B. competence C. curriculum D. practices43. A. effectiveness B. faults C. progress D. requirements44. A. instruction B. protection C. inspection D. consideration45. A. taking B. improving C. examining D. copying46. A. as far as B. rather than C. other than D. as well as47. A. judgments B. decisions C. inquiries D. suggestions48. A. quantity B. quality C. instruction D. support49. A. education B. performance C. attention D. interest50. A. responsibility B. structure C. resources D. benefits51. A. frequency B. cons C. satisfaction D. extent52. A. comparable B. health C. different D. unique53. A. appreciated B. criticized C. recommended D. rewarded54. A. attention B. programs C. evaluation D. explanations55. A. set down B. put down C. closed down D. pulled downKeys:41-45 BDACC 46-50 DABBA 50-55 DBCACIII. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Deliberate practice refers to a special type of practice that is purposeful and systematic. __(41)__ regular practice might include mindless repetitions, deliberate practice requires focused attention and is conducted with the specific goal of improving __(42)__.The greatest __(43)__ of deliberate practice is to remain focused. In the beginning, showing up is the most important thing. But after a while we begin to carelessly __(44)__ small errors and miss daily opportunities for improvement. This is because the natural tendency of the human brain is to __(45)__ repeated behaviors into automatic habits. __(46)__, when you first learned to tie your shoes you had to think carefully about each step of the process. Today, after many repetitions, your brain can perform this sequence __(47)__. The more we repeat a task the more mindless it becomes.Mindless activity is the __(48)__ of deliberate practice. The danger of practicing the same thing again and again is that progress becomes __(49)__. Too often, we think we are getting better simply because we are gaining experience. In __(50)__, we are merely reinforcing(加强) our current habits — not improving them.Claiming that improvement requires attention and effort sounds logical enough. But what does deliberate practice actually look like in the real world?The first effective feedback system is __(51)__. This holds true for the number of pages we read, the number of pushups we do, the number of sales calls we make, and any other task that is important to us. It is only through measurement that we have any __(52)__ of whether we are getting better or worse.The second effective feedback system is coaching. One consistent finding across disciplines is that coaches are often essential for __(53)__ deliberate practice. In many cases, it is nearly impossible to both perform a task and measure your progress at the same time. Good coaches can track your progress, find small ways to improve, and hold you __(54)__ to delivering your best effort each day.Deliberate practice is not a comfortable activity. It requires sustained effort and concentration, but if you can manage to maintain your focus and __(55)__, then the promise of deliberate practice is quite tempt ing: to get the most out of what you’ve got.41. A. Since B. Whether C. While D. As42. A. awareness B. performance C. enjoyment D. intelligence43. A. equivalent B. ambition C. challenge D. appeal44. A. overlook B. insert C. detect D. implement45. A. transport B. translate C. transplant D. transform46. A. For example B. On the contrary C. As a result D. On the other hand47. A. carelessly B. accurately C. instantly D. automatically48. A. outcome B. enemy C. source D. substitute49. A. distracted B. imposed C. assumed D. noted50. A. reality B. despair C. contrast D. return51. A. encouragement B. compliment C. measurement D. management52. A. motivation B. proof C. trouble D. concern53. A. resisting B. eliminating C. defining D. sustaining54. A. accountable B. opposed C. addicted D. parallel55. A. existence B. commitment C. dignity D. perspectiveKeys:41-45CBCAD 46-50 ADBCA 51-55 CBDABIII. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirection: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Since 1960, considerable scientific researches have been done on chimps in their natural habitats. Astonishingly, scientists have found out that the social 41 of Chimps are very similar to humans. Chimps will 42 in certain ways, like gathering in war parties to protect theirterritory. But beyond the minimum requirements as social beings, they have little instinct to 43 one another. Chimps in the wild seek food for themselves. Even chimp mothers regularly 44 to share food with their children. who are able from a young age to gather their own food?In the laboratory, chimps don't 45 share food either. If a chimp is put in a cage where he can pull in one plate of food for himself or, with no greater effort, a plate that also provides food for a neighbor to the next cage, he will pull 46 —he just doesn't care whether his neighbor gets fed or not. Chimps are truly selfish.Human children, 47 , are extremely cooperative From the earliest ages, they decide to help others, to share information and to participate in achieving common goals. The psychologist Michael Tomasello has studied this48in a series of experiments with very young children. He finds that if babies aged 18 months see a worried adult with hands full trying to open a door, almost all will immediately try to help.There are several reasons to believe that the urges to help, inform and share are not taught, but naturally 49 in young children. One is that these 50 appear at a very young age before most parents have started to train their children to behave 51 Another is that the helping behaviors are not improved if the children are rewarded. A third reason is that social intelligence 52 in children before their general cognitive skills, at least when compared with chimps In tests conducted by Tomasello, the human children did no better than the chimps on the 53 world tests but were considerably better at understanding the social world.The core of what children's minds have and chimps'don't is what Tomasello calls shared intentionality. Part of this ability is that they can 54 what others know or are thinking. But beyond that, even very young children want to be part of a shared purpose. They actively seek to be part of a "we", a group that intends to work toward a(n) 55 goal.41. A structures B. policies C. behaviorsD. responsibilities42. A. conflict B cooperate C. offend D negotiate43. A. trust B. contact C. isolate D. help44. A. decline B. manage C. attempt D. oblige45. A. curiously B. reluctantly C. naturally D. carelessly46. A. in turn B. at random C. with care D in advance47. A. all in all B. as a result C. in no case D.ontheother hand48. A cooperativeness B. availability C. interrelationship D. attractiveness49. A. cultivated B. motivated C. possessed D. stimulated50. A. attitudes B. instincts C. experiences D. coincidences51. A. creatively B. formally C. socially D. competitively52. A. develops B. decreases C. changes D. disappears53. A. abstract B. invisible C. imaginary D. physical54. A. infer B. adapt C. absorb D. balance55. A. realistic B. shared C. specific D. ambitious Keys: 41-45 CBDAC 46-50 BDACB 51-55 CADABIII. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirection: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Why do some people live to be older than others? You know the standard 41 : keeping a moderate diet, engaging in regular exercise, etc. But what effect does your personality have on your longevity? Do some kinds of personalities 42 longer lives? A new study in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society looked at this question by 43 the personality characteristics of 246 children of people who had lived to be at least 100.The study shows that those living the longest are more outgoing more 44 and less neurotic (神经质的) than other people, long-living women are also more likely to be sympathetic and cooperative than women with a(n) 45 life span. These findings are in agreement with what you would expect from the evolutionary theory: Those who like to make friends and help others can gather enough 46 to make it through tough times.Interestingly, 47 , other characteristics that you might consider advantageous had no impact on whether study participants were likely to live longer. Those who were more self-disciplined, 48 , were no more likely to live to be very old. Also, being 49 to new ideas had no relationship to long life, which might explain all those bad-tempered old people whoare fixed in their ways.Whether you can successfully change your 50 as an adult is the subject of a longstanding psychological debate. But the new paper suggests that if you want long life, you should 51 to be as outgoing as possible.Unfortunately, another recent study shows that your mothers personality may also help 52 your longevity. That study looked at nearly 28, 000 Norwegian mothers and found that those moms who were more anxious, depressed and angry were more likely to feed their kids 53 diets, Patterns of childhood eating can be hard to break when we're adults, which may mean that kids of depressed moms end up dying younger.Personality isn't destin(命运), and everyone knows that individuals can learn to change. But both studies show that long life isn't just a matter of your physical health but of your mental health. Therefore, it might be 54 to form those personality traits contributing to longevity through health-related behaviours,stress reduction and 55 to the challenging problems.41. A. statements B. definitions C. applications D. explanations42. A. result from B. lead to C. rely on D. consist of43. A. assessing B. interviewing C. examining D. diagnosing44. A. active B. extensive C. persuasive D. sensitive45. A. agreeable B. normal C. changeable D. formal46. A. resources B. associations C. procedures D. interactions47. A. therefore B. however C. furthermore D. otherwise48. A. in other words B. as usual C. in addition D. for instance49. A. resistant B. open C. blind D. alert50. A. perspective B. ambition C. personality D. philosophy51. A. reject B. strive C. claim D. oppose52. A. extend B. restrict C. shorten D. determine53. A. unhealthy B. nutritious C. adequate D. moderate54. A. predictable B. advisable C. sustainable D. enjoyable55. A. temptation B. introduction C. adaptation D. objection KEYS: 41-45 DBCAB 46-50 ABDBC 51-55 BDABCEight【20182静安区】"Don't get sick in July."This is a common refrain in teaching hospitals. It's driven by the academic calendar: July is when the new interns —fresh out of medical school —start work.In other words, it's when everyone is most ____41_____. The theory is that this disadvantage leads to mistakes.So is medical experience good or bad?Well, in most cases, your doctor's experience is very helpful, allowing her to pick up on a(n) ____42_____ symptom early in a disease process, when machines still can’t take a hand. She can also determine the right treatment when your condition falls outside of what is in the ____43_____, where newbies get most of their ideas. For many medical treatments, there's a direct connection between physician experience and your treatment outcome.In a variety of situations, though, experience can backfire, The reason is simple ____44_____. Doctors are human too, and they ____45____ tricks to the mind —like believing that an ineffective treatment really works. In fact, entire fields of research are devoted to understanding why these errors of thought occur. They ____46____ from so-called cognitive prejudice that can mislead even ____47____practitioners into making the wrong decisions.Doctors are usually locked onto a diagnosis early and disregard new and ____48____ information. For example, a patient may be diagnosed with a quickly fatal cancer, but then ends up trying various herbal remedies and lives for 30 more years. Instead of analyzing the ___49___ diagnosis, the patient, and maybe even the doctor, may assume that the herbal remedies cured the cancer.Also, some experienced doctors tend to believe evidence when it supports their previous opinionwhile subconsciously ignoring information that opposing it. Let's say your doctor is pretty certain you have ill digestion and orders a test to ____50_____ the suspicion, which produces negative result. But she treats you for ill digestion anyway because she was ____51____with the prior diagnosis by experience.In fact, there are clearly many benefits to having a highly experienced doctor, such as technically proficiency. But there may actually be some unexpected benefits to having a less- experienced one too. She may have a more up-to-date education, boundless energy and perhaps is less vulnerable to biases, freed from the same ____52___ for years.To safeguard yourself as a patient, one thing you should always do is ____53____.It may not always be possible to determine that your doctor has met with an unconscious thinking _____54____. But asking questions does force your doctor to think and ____55___her decisionabout your care.41. A. innocent B. productive C. inexperienced D. prohibited42. A. slight B. objective C. complex D. sustainable43. A. media B. tradition C. reality D. textbook44. A. psychology B. education C. procedure D. priority45. A.take advantage of B. make sense of C. fall victim to D. play fire with46. A. spring B. depart C. benefit D. distinguish47. A. highly-motivated B. well-seasoned C. deeply-offended D. wide-eyed48. A. moderate B. visible C. conflicting D. permanent49. A. initial B. tough C.multiple D. private50. A. evaluate B. operate C. confirm D. revise51. A. preoccupied B. labelled C. associated D. revise52. A. professional circle B. thinking patternC..academic backgroundD. operating order53. A. investigating B. questioning C. monitoring D. observing54. A. obstacle B. trap C. horizon D. struggle55. A. practice B. accommodate C. justify D. removeKeys: 41-45: CADAC 46-50 ABCAC 51-55 ABBBCIII. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.The Companies Doing the Most to Make Their Employees HappierFat paychecks, light workloads, and endless vacation days don’t necessarily add to happy。

(满分140分，考试时间120分钟)Ⅰ. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard1. A. He is angry.B. He is exhausted.C. He is hungry.D. He is disappointed.2. A. Go over his lessonsB. Attend the partC. Eat out with friendsD. Take the final exam3. A. She is most likely to be arrested.B. She has forgotten to call the police.C. She may have lost her driving license.D. She is lying to the police officer.4. A. Bill broke his promise.B. Mum will probably reward Bill.C. Bill failed in the testD. Mum is worried about Bill’s wor k.5. A. Make a recovery plan.B. Go back to work.C. Drop out of school.D. Quit her present job.6. A. She gave him a lift home again.B. She offered him an extra room.C. She treated him well at her home.D. She spared much time for him.7. A. She doesn't have time to find a new flat.B. She has not paid enough rent in advance.C. She is unlikely to give up the nice flat.D. She wants to decorate the flat during the holiday.8. A. Extreme sports.B. Travel insurance.C. Bungee jumping.D. Diving safety.9. A. She likes Phillips singing very much.B. She appreciates other kinds of musicals.C. She enjoys the changes of his musicalsD. She admires other singers more than Phillips.10. A. American students are too talkative in class.B. It is hard to learn a lot in an American school.C. One can join in schooling in different ways.D. Active participation is greatly encouraged.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear several longer conversation(s) and short passage(s), and you will be asked several questions on each of the conversation(s) and the passage(s). The conversation(s) and the passage(s) will be read twice, but ne questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. One should wait for things to happen before leaving.B. One should remain silent when things are getting hard.C. One should try to take control of the difficult situationD. One should turn to other people for instant help12. A. By motivating himself to take action.B. By seeking help from his friend.C. By thinking of the meaning of lifeD. By taking good care of himself.13. A. Life is not always peaceful and it is full of terrible accidents.B. Keep a positive attitude and focus on survival whatever happensC. Advanced equipment is the essential factor in surviving crisesD. Be ready to get immediate assistance when lost in the jungle Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. In 1969.B. In 2012.C. In 1976.D. In2016.15. A. Suggested creating a university of science and technology in Egypt.B. Helped many Egyptian scientists to be awarded the Nobel Prize.C. Developed cooperation with the University of California in the U.S.D. Provided excellent Egyptian students with more financial support.16. A. For his relationship with Egyptian President.B. For his academic performance in technology.C. For his good service in the Egyptian Army.D. For his outstanding contributions to Egypt.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. It offers different opinions on old age.B. It is about how to keep healthy in old age.C. It investigates the causes of the aging problem.D. It reveals the secrets of living longer.18. A. The old are thought to be healthy but lonely.B. The old are reported to be poor but happy.C. The old are regarded as an unattractive group.D. The old are considered dangerous to the society.19. A. They are easy to fall down with serious illness.B. They enjoy traveling and getting new experiences.C. They are difficult to be recognized due to the changes.D. They have no more mental problems than the middle-aged.20. A. Raise people's awareness of caring for the old.B. Help people take their responsibilities for the old.C. Change people’s attitude towards the aged group.D. Ease people's fear and anxiety about growing old.Ⅱ. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.A Great FriendshipThomas Jefferson and James Madison met in 1776. Could it have been any other year? They worked together and started to further American Revolution and later to shape the official new plan of the government.21 (develop) a close friendship, which lasted for 50 years. There were 22 (share) purposes anda common end on both sides. Four and a half months 23 he died, when he was ill and worried about his family, Jefferson wrote to his longtime friend. His words and Madison's reply remind us that friends are friends till death."The friendship which _ 24 (exist)between us for half a century, the harmony of our political principles an pursuits have been sources of constant happiness to me through that long period. it's also been a great comfort to me 25 (believe)that you are engaged in vindicating(证实)to the younger generation the course that we've pursued for preserving to them. If ever the earth has noticed a system of administration conducted with 26 single and keen eye to the general interest and happiness of those committed to, it must be the system protected by truth, to_ 27 _ our lives have been devoted. To myself, you have been a great supporter throughout life. Take care of me when dead and be assured that I should leave with you my last affections.”A week later, Madison replied.“You cannot look back28 _ the long period of our private friendship and political harmony with more affecting recollections than I do. __29_ they are a source of pleasure to you, they are the same to me. We cannot be deprived(失去)of the happy consciousness of the pure devotion to the public goodand I have confidence 30 sufficientevidence will find its way to another generation to ensure, after we are gone, whatever of justice may be withheld while we are here.”Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. analysisB. usuallyC. assuresD. poursE. developmentF. necessaryG. cloudyH. absentI. cultivateJ. allowK. extremelyHe Is KindlyThe other evening at a dancing club a young man introduced me to Mr. and Mrs. F. Scott Fitzgerald, and Scott seemed not to have changed from the first time I met him at Princeton, when he was an eager undergraduate trying his best to _ 31 himself into a great author. He is still trying hard to be a great author. He is at work now on a novel which his wife 32 far better than This Side of Paradise, but like most of our younger novelists, he finds it 33 to produce a certain number of short stories to make the wheels go around. That The Vegetable, his play, did not receive a Manhattan presentation seems to have disappointed rather than discouraged him. He is still 34 light-hearted.I have always considered him the most brilliant of our younger novelists. No one else can touch his style, nor the superb quality of his satire(讽刺). He has yet to put them in a novel with carefulness of conception and 35 of character. He can become almost any kind of writer that his peculiarly restless character will 36 .Born in St. Paul, he attended Princeton, served in the Army, wrote his first novel in a training camp, achieved fame and fortune, married a Southern girl, has a child and lives in New York. At heart, he is one of the kindliest of the younger writers Artistry means a great deal to F. Scott Fizgerald, and into his own best work he 37 great efforts. He demands this in the work of others, and when he does not find it, he criticizes with passionate earnestness. I have known him, after reading a young fellow-novelist's book, to take what must have been hours of time to write him a lengthy, careful_ 38 .Just what he will write in the future remains_ 39 . With a firmer reputation than that of the other young people, he yet seems to me to have achieved rather less than Robert Nathan and rather more than Stephen Vincent Benet, Cyril Hume. His coming novel should mean a definite prediction for future work. It is to be hoped that from it will be 40 the seemingly unavoidable modern girls.Ⅲ. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in eachblank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Standards for Schools: Developing Organizational Accountability(绩效) Quality teaching depends on teachers' knowledge and skills but on the environment in which they work. Schools need to offer a coherent c m focused on higher-order thinking and performance across subject areas and grades, time for teachers to work 41 with students to accomplish challenging goals, opportunities for teachers to plan with and learn from one another, and regular occasions to evaluate the outcomes of their 42 .If schools are to become more responsible, they must, like other professional organizations, make evaluation and assessment part of their everyday lives. Just as hospitals have standing committees of staff that meet regularly to look at evaluation data and discuss the 43 of each aspect of their work-a practice reinforced by their accreditation( if i) requirements,---schools must have such regular occasions to examine their practice and effectiveness.As Richard Rothstein and his colleagues describe in Grading Education: Getting Accountability Right, school-level accountability can be supported by school _ 44 , like those common in many other nations, in which trained experts evaluate schools by spending several days visiting classrooms, 45 samples of student work, and interviewing students about their understanding and their experiences, 46 looking at objective data such as test scores, graduation rates, and so on. In some cases, principals accompany the inspectors into classrooms and are asked for their own evaluations of the lessons. In this way, the inspectors are able to make _ 47 about the instructional and supervisory competence(能力)of principals. As described earlier, inspectors may also play a role in ensuring the 48 and comparability of school-based assessments(as in England and Australia), as well as schools internal assessment and evaluation process(as in Hong Kong).In most countries’ inspection systems, schools are rated on the quality of instruction and other services and supports, as well as students’49 and progress in a wide range of aspects, including and going beyond academic subject areas, such as extra-curricular, personal and social_ 50 , the acquisition of workplace skills and the 51 to which students are encouraged to adopt safe practices and a 52 lifestyle. Schools are rated as to whether they pass inspection, need modest improvements, or require serious intervention(介入), and they receive extensive feedbackon what the inspections both saw and _ 53_ . Reports are publicly posted. Schools requiring intervention are then given more expert 54 and support, and are placed on a more frequent schedule of visits. Those that persistently fail to pass may be placed under local government control and could be_ 55 if they are not improved.41. A. occasionally B. closely C. strictly D. peacefully42. A. challenges B. competence C. curriculum D. practices43. A. effectiveness B. faults C. progress D. requirements44. A. instruction B. protection C. inspection D. consideration45. A. taking B. improving C. examining D. copying46. A. as far as B. rather than C. other than D. as well as47. A. judgments B. decisions C. inquiries D. suggestions48. A. quantity B. quality C. instruction D. support49. A. education B. performance C. attention D. interest50. A. responsibility B. structure C. resources D. benefits51. A. frequency B. cons C. satisfaction D. extent52. A. comparable B. health C. different D. unique53. A. appreciated B. criticized C. recommended D. rewarded54. A. attention B. programs C. evaluation D. explanations55. A. set down B. put down C. closed down D. pulled downSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC NEWSHuman Animal News Ancient World Space/Tech CultureWarning from ExpertsA growing amount of human- made orbital debris(太空轨道残骸)---from rocket stages and out-of-date satellites---- is circling the Earth. Scientists say the orbital debris, better known as space junk, poses an increasing threat to space activities. “This is a growing environmental problem,” said Nicholas Johnson, the chief scientist and program manager for orbital debris at NASA(美国航空航天局) in Houston, Texas.Johnson and his team have developed a computer model capable of simulating past and future amounts of space junk. The model predicts that even without future rocket or satellite launches, the amount of debris in low orbit around Earth will steady through 2055, after which it will increase. While current efforts have focused on limiting future space junk, these scientists say removing large pieces of old space junk will soon be necessary.Since the first launch of satellite in 1957, humans have been generating space junk. The U.S. Space SurveillanceNetwork is currently tracking over 13,000 human-made objects larger than ten centimeters in diameter orbiting the Earth. “Of the 13,000 objects, over 40 percent came from breakups of both spacecraft and rocket bodies,” Johnson said. In addition, there are hundreds of thousands of smaller objects in space. These include everything from pieces of plastic to bits of paint. Much of this smaller junk has come from exploding rocket stages. Stages are sections of a rocket that have their own fuel or engines.These objects travel at speeds over 35,000 kilometers an hour. At such high speed, even small junk can tear holes in a spacecraft or disable a satellite by causing electrical shorts that result from clouds of superheated gas.Johnson believes it may be time to think about how to remove junk from space. Previous proposals range from sending up spacecrafts to grab junk and bring it down to using lasers to slow an objects orbit to cause it to fall back to Earth more quickly. Given current technology, those proposals appear neither technically nor economically practical, “Space junk is like any environmental problem,” Johnson admits. “I t’s growing. If you don’t deal with it now, it will only become worse, and the solutions in the future are going to be even more costly.”56. What is this passage mainly talking about?A. Advanced technology is used to remove space junk.B. NASA is responsible for the environmental problem.C. Cleaning up the space junk is greatly needed.D. Human activities generate much orbital debris.57. Which of the following is not mentioned in the passage?A. Rocket launches produce more debris than satellite launches.B. Space junk is endangering human beings' space activities.C. It's necessary to clean up the large pieces of old space junk.D. Even a tiny piece of space junk can destroy a spacecraft58. What does John think of the previous proposals to grab space junk and bring it down to the earth?A. Reasonable.B. Unbelievable.C. Reliable.D. Impractical.(B)ABC News: Parents who want to pick up their kids at school in one New Jersey district now can submit to iris(虹膜)scans, as the technology that helps keep our nation’s airports and hotels safe begins to make its way further intoAmerican lives.The Freehold Borough School District launched this high-techsecurity system on Monday with funding from the Department of Justice as part of a study on the system’s effectiveness. As many as four adults can be authorized to pick up each child in thedistrict, order to be authorized to come into school, they will be asked to registerwith the district’s iris recognition security and visitor management system. Atthis point, the New Jersey program is not a must.If someone tries to slip in behind an authorized person, the system causes an alarm and red flashing lights in thefront office. The entire process takes just seconds.This kind of technology is already at work in airports around the country like Orlando International Airport, wherethe program has been in operation since July. It has 12,000 subscribers who pay $79.95 for the convenience of submitting to iris scans rather than going through lengthy security checks.An iris scan is said to be more accurate than a fingerprint because it records 240 unique details- far more than theseven to twenty-four details that are analyzed in fingerprints. The chances of being misidentified by an iris scan are about one in 1.2 million and just one in 1. 44 trillion if you scan both eyes.Phil Meara, the Freehold District official, said that although it was expensive, the program would help schoolsacross the cou ntry move into a new frontier in child protection. “This is all part of a larger emphasis, here in Ne w Jersey, on school, he said, We chose this school because we were looking for a typical slightly urban school to launch the system.”Meara applied for a $369,000 grant on behalf of the school district and had the eye scanners installed in twogrammar schools and one middle school. So far, 300 of the nearly 1, 500 individuals available to pick up a student from school have registered for the eye scan system.59. Why does the Freehold Borough School District adopt the iris security system?A. To ensure the school safety and efficiency of picking up children.B. To encourage more students to register in New Jersey urban schools.C. To test the effectiveness of school security and management system.D. To collect the information of the children and their beloved parents.60. What's the advantage of the eye scan system over fingerprints?A. Having many more subscribers throughout the country. When picking up a child, theadult provides a driver’s licenseand then submits to an eye scan.If the iris image camera recognizes his or her eyes, the door clicks open.B. Authorizing the adults to pick up children more flexibly.C. Attracting parents in a larger proportion to register for it.D. Making almost no mistakes in identifying the authorized.61. How does Phil Meara help to ensure the safety of children?A. By persuading people to register with the security system.B. By applying for grant to install eye scanners in schools.C. By asking the department of justice to fund the program.D. By turning to Orlando International Airport for help.62. What is the best title of this passage?A. Parents Favor the Eye Scan System.B. Security Management Needs Improving.C. High Technology Comes to School.D. Iris Scanners Are Invented in the Country.(C)Dusty Nash, an angelic-looking blond child of seven, awoke at 5 one recent morning in his Chicago home and began to throw a fit. He cried and kicked. Every muscle in his 50-lb. body flew in violent motion. Finally, after about 30 minutes, Dusty pulled himself together sufficiently to head downstairs for breakfast. While his mother was busy in the kitchen, the extremely excited child pulled a box of Kix cereal from the cupboard and sat on a chair.But sitting still was not easy this morning. After grabbing some cereal with his hands, he began kicking the box, scattering little round corn puffs across the room. Next he turned his attention to the TV set, or rather, the table supporting it. The table was covered with a check-board con-tact paper, and Dusty began peeling it off. Then he became interested in the spilled cereal and started smashing it into bits.It was only 7: 30, and his mother Kyle Nash, who teaches a medical-school course on death and dying, was already feeling half dead from exhaustion. Dusty was to see his doctors that day at 4, and they had asked her not to give the boy the drug he usually takes to control his extreme excitement and attention problems, a condition known as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD). It was going to be a very long day without help from Ritain, a powerful drug which some people take for pleasure, but which they can become addicted to.Karenne Bloomgarden remembers such days all too well. The spirited, 43-year-old boss and gym teacher was a disaster as a child growing up in New Jersey. “I did very poorly in school,” she recalls. Her teachers and parents were constantly on her case for tough behavior. “They just felt I was being bad--- too loud, too physical, too everything.” Anaughty tomboy with few friends, she saw a psychologist at age 10. “but nobody came up with a diagnosis”. As a teenager she began prescribing her own medication: marijuana, and later cocaine.The athletic Bloomga rden managed to get into college, but she admits that she cheated her way to a diploma. “I would study and study, and I wouldn’t remember a thing. I really felt it was my fault.” After graduating, she did fine in physically active jobs but was anxious about administrative work. Then, four years ago, a doctor put a label on her troubles: ADHD. “I t's been such a weigh off my shoulders” says Bloomgarden, who takes both stimulant Ritalin and the antidepressant Zoloft to improve her concentration. “I had 38 year s of thinking I was a bad person. Now I’m rewriting the tapes of who I thought I was to who I really am.”63. What does the phrase “throw a fit” in the 1st paragraph probably mean?A. turn oneself around casuallyB. fall down to the ground carelesslyC. lose ones temper suddenlyD. shout and complain loudly64. Why did Dusty Nash mess the room?A. He was reluctant to listen to his motherB. He couldn't focus on anything for a while.C. He forgot to take the medicine he usually took.D. He was afraid to see the doctor with his mother.65. The passage is chiefly concerned with .A. the visible symptoms of the disease ADHDB. the precise definition of the disease ADHDC. D usty’s experiences in his childhood and collegeD. K arenne’s confessing of cheating to get a diploma66. What can be inferred from the passage?A. Dusty went to see his private doctor every week in the past yearsB. D usty’s mother took care of him till he was admitted to a college.C. A psychologist examined Karenne and cured her serious disease.D. Karenne didn't know herself well until she was diagnosed with ADHD.Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence canbe used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A. Some experts think that the wealth gained from trade allowed for such leisure in sports and the artsB. Experts believe that a king and mostly a female priest ruled the government and controlled trade.C In ancient Greek myths, Minoan society was quite prosperous and highly civilizedD. The palace that Evans unearthed a century ago was the first proof of Minoan culture.E. Minoan culture didn't exist before Arthur Evans discovered the palace under the earthF. Although not yet decoded, written script on clay tablets appears to list trade accounts.The Minoans: A Forgotten PeopleThe first advanced culture in ancient Greece was the Minoan culture. For thousands of years, knowledge of these people survived only in Greek myths. In the late 19 h century, archaeologists began to unearth ruins. This inspired Arthur Evans to begin digging on the island of Crete near mainland Greece. On a dig in Kbossos, Evans found an ancient palace Experts think that it was the palace of King Minos, acentral figure in many Greek myths.67 With his team, he uncovered a vast structure, varied works of art, and many hieroglyphic records. These finds, together with later finds, comprise all that experts know about Minoan culture.From the evidence experts gathered, it is clear that the Minoans were ahead of their time. The palace at Knossos was five floors high with hundreds of rooms. Buildings throughout the ancient city had plumbing and flush toilets. Stone pavement lined the surfaces of the roads. In addition, the Minoans possessed a highly developed naval fleet for long-distance trade. 68 These records confirm the central role of commerce in culture.Their analysis of the evidence also offers insight into some aspects of Minoan society.69 Ruins and artwork suggest that people of all classes enjoyed a high degree of social and gender equality. Religious icons(图符)show that Minoans worshiped bulls, the natural world, and many female gods.An unusual feature of Minoans culture was the pursuit of leisure interests. Sport and visual arts were central to Minoan life. Boxing and bull jumping, a sport in which players jumped over live bulls, were popular. Although bull jumping may have served some ritual purpose, experts believe that it was done mostly for fun. Similarly, although some works of art showed political and religious themes, other works served only as pleasant decor(装饰品). 70 The Minoans met their demise after a series of natural disasters. Experts believe that group from the Greek mainland capitalized on these events and looked over the island.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s)of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.The Conflict of the OrdersThe types of people who served as officials in the Roman government changed over time. These changes stemmed from the attempts of common people to more rights. The struggles became known as the Conflict of the Orders.In the early republic, Romans were divided into two classes of people: patricians and plebeians. Patricians were powerful landowners who controlled the government. As nobles, they inherited their power. Plebeians, who made up most of the population, were mainly farmers and workers. For many years, plebeians had few rights. They could vote, but they were barred from holding most public offices. Plebeians could not even know Roman laws because laws were not written down. In court, a judge stated and applied the law, but only patricians served as judges.Over time, plebeians increased their power through demand and strikes. They gained the right to join the army, hold government office, form their own assembly, and elect leaders. In one of their greatest victories, they forced the government to write down the laws of the Roman Republic. In about 450, B.C. the Romans engraved their laws on tablets called the Twelve Tables. The laws were placed in the Forum, the chief public square, for all to view.The first plebeians were appointed to the government in the late 400s B.C. After 342 B. C, a plebeian always held one of the consul positions. By about 300 B. C. many plebeians had become so powerful and wealthy themselves that they joined with patricians to form the Roman nobility. From that time on, the distinction between patricians and plebeians was not as important. Membership in the nobility was still very important, however, since government officials were not paid a salary only wealthy nobles could afford to hold office. Thus, the nobles still controlled the republic.V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72.我们必须尽快适应新环境。

2017学年第二学期高三英语教学质量检测试卷（满分140分，考试时间120分钟）I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections:In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. He is angry. B. He is exhausted.C. He is hungry.D. He is disappointed.2. A. Go over his lessons. B. Attend the party.C. Eat out with friends.D. Take the final exam.3. A. She is most likely to be arrested. B. She has forgotten to call the police.C. She may have lost her driving license.D. She is lying to the police officer.4. A. Bill broke his promise. B. Mum will probably reward Bill.C. Bill failed in the test.D. Mum is worried about Bill’s work.5. A. Make a recovery plan. B. Go back to work.C. Drop out of school.D. Quit her present job.6. A. She gave him a lift home again. B. She offered him an extra room.C. She treated him well at her home.D. She spared much time for him.7. A. She doesn’t have time to find a new flat.B. She has not paid enough rent in advance.C. She is unlikely to give up the nice flat.D. She wants to decorate the flat during the holiday.8. A. Extreme sports. B. Travel insurance.C. Bungee jumping.D. Diving safety.9. A. Sh e likes Phillips’ singing very much. B. She appreciates other kinds of musicals.C. She enjoys the changes of his musicals.D. She admires other singers more than Phillips.10. A. American students are too talkative in class.B. It is hard to learn a lot in an American school.C. One can join in schooling in different ways.D. Active participation is greatly encouraged.Section BDirections:In Section B, you will hear several longer conversation(s) and short passage(s), and you will be asked several questions on each of the conversation(s) and the passage(s). The conversation(s) and the passage(s) will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. One should wait for things to happen before leaving.B. One should remain silent when things are getting hard.C. One should try to take control of the difficult situation.D. One should turn to other people for instant help.12. A. By motivating himself to take action. B. By seeking help from his friends.C. By thinking of the meaning of life.D. By taking good care of himself.13. A. Life is not always peaceful and it is full of terrible accidents.B. Keep a positive attitude and focus on survival whatever happens.C. Advanced equipment is the essential factor in surviving crises.D. Be ready to get immediate assistance when lost in the jungle.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. In 1969. B. In 2012.C. In 1976.D. In 2016.15. A. Suggested creating a university of science and technology in Egypt.B. Helped many Egyptian scientists to be awarded the Nobel Prize.C. Developed cooperation with the University of California in the U.S.D. Provided excellent Egyptian students with more financial support.16. A. For his relationship with Egyptian President.B. For his academic performance in technology.C. For his good service in the Egyptian Army.D. For his outstanding contributions to Egypt.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. It offers different opinions on old age.B. It is about how to keep healthy in old age.C. It investigates the causes of the aging problem.D. It reveals the secrets of living longer.18. A. The old are thought to be healthy but lonely.B. The old are reported to be poor but happy.C. The old are regarded as an unattractive group.D. The old are considered dangerous to the society.19. A. They are easy to fall down with serious illness.B. They enjoy traveling and getting new experiences.C. They are difficult to be recognized due to the changes.D. They have no more mental problems than the middle-aged.20. A. Raise people’s awareness of caring for the old.B. Help people take their responsibilities for the old.C. Change people’s attitude towards the aged group.D. Ease people’s fear and anxiety about growing old.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammaticallycorrect. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.A Great FriendshipThomas Jefferson and James Madison met in 1776.Could it have been any other year? They worked together and started to further American Revolution and later to shape the official new plan of the government,21 (develop) a close friendship, which lasted for 50 years. There were 22 (share) purposes and a common end on both sides. Four and a half months 23 he died, when he was ill and worried about his family, Jefferson wro te to his longtime friend. His words and Madison’s reply remind us that friends are friends till death.“The friendship which 24 (exist) between us for half a century, the harmony of our political principles and pursuits have been sources of constant happiness to me through that long period. It’s also been a great comfort to me 25 (believe) that you are engaged in vindicating(证实) to the younger generation the course that we’ve pursued for preserving to them. If ever the earth has noticed a system of administration conducted with 26 single and keen eye to the general interest and happiness of those committed to, it must be the system protected by truth, to 27 our lives have been devoted. To myself, you have been a great supporter throughout life. Take care of me when dead and be assured that I should leave with you my last affections.”A week later, Madison replied.“You cannot look back 28 the long period of our private friendship and political harmony with more affecting recollections than I do. 29 they are a source of pleasure to you,they are the same to me. We cannot be deprived(失去)of the happy consciousness of the pure devotion to the public good and I have confidence 30 sufficient evidence will find its way to another generation to ensure, after we are gone, whatever of justice may be withheld while we are here.”Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.He Is KindlyThe other evening at a dancing club a young man introduced me to Mr. and Mrs. F. Scott Fitzgerald, and Scott seemed not to havechanged from the first time I met him at Princeton, when he was an eager undergraduate trying his best to 31 himself into a great author. He is still trying hard to be a great author. He is at work now on a novel which his wife 32 me is far better than This Side of Paradise, but like most of our younger novelists, he finds it 33 to produce a certain number of short stories to make the wheels go around. That The Vegetable, his play, did not receive a Manhattan presentation seems to have disappointed rather than discouraged him. He is still 34 light-hearted.I have always considered him the most brilliant of our younger novelists. No one else can touch his style, nor the superb quality of his satire(讽刺). He has yet to put them in a novel with carefulness of conception and 35 of character. He can become almost any kind of writer that his peculiarly restless character will 36 .Born in St. Paul, he attended Princeton, served in the Army, wrote his first novel in a training camp, achieved fame and fortune, married a Southern girl, has a child and lives in New York. At heart, he is one of the kindliest of the younger writers. Artistry means a great deal to F. Scott Fizgerald, and into his own best work he 37 great efforts. He demands this in the work of others, and when he does not find it, he criticizes with passionate earnestness. I have known him, after reading a young fellow-novelist’s book, to take what must have bee n hoursof time to write him a lengthy, careful 38 .Just what he will write in the future remains 39 . With a firmer reputation than that of the other young people, he yet seems to me to have achieved rather less than Robert Nathan and rather more than Stephen Vincent Benet, Cyril Hume. His coming novel should mean a definite prediction for future work. It is to be hoped that from it will be 40 the seemingly unavoidable modern girls.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Standards for Schools: Developing Organizational Accountability(绩效) Quality teaching depends on not just teachers’ knowledge and skills but on the environment in which they work. Schools need to offer a coherent curriculum focused on higher-order thinking and performance across subject areas and grades, time for teachers to work 41 with students to accomplish challenging goals, opportunities for teachers to plan with and learn from one another, and regular occasions to evaluate the outcomes of their 42 .If schools are to become more responsible, they must, like other professional organizations, make evaluation and assessment part of their everyday lives. Just as hospitals have standing committees of staff that meet regularly to look at evaluation data and discuss the 43 of each aspect of their work—a practice reinforced by their accreditation(评定) requirements, —schools must have such regular occasions to examine their practice and effectiveness.As Richard Rothstein and his colleagues describe in Grading Education: Getting Accountability Right, school-level accountability can be supported by school 44 , like those common in many other nations, in which trained experts evaluate schools by spending several days visiting classrooms, 45 samples of student work, and interviewing students about their understanding and their experiences, 46 looking at objective data such as test scores, graduation rates, and so on. In some cases, principals accompany the inspectors into classrooms and are asked for their own evaluations of the lessons. In this way, the inspectors are able to make 47 about the instructional and supervisory competence(能力)of principals. As described earlier, inspectors may also play a role in ensuring the 48 and comparability of school-based assessments (as in England and Australia), as well as school’s internal assessment and evaluation process (as in Hong Kong).In most countries’ inspection systems, schools are rated on the quality of instruction and other services and supports, as well as students’49 and progress in a wide range of aspects, including and going beyond academic subject areas, such as extra-curricular, personal and social 50 , the acquisition of workplace skills and the 51 to which students are encouraged to adopt safe practices and a 52 lifestyle. Schools are rated as to whether they pass inspection, need modest improvements, or require serious intervention(介入), and they receive extensive feedbackon what the inspectors both saw and 53 . Reports are publicly posted. Schools requiring intervention are then given more expert 54 and support, and are placed on a more frequent schedule of visits. Those that persistently fail to pass may be placed under local government control and could be 55 if they are not improved.41. A. occasionally B. closely C. strictly D. peacefully42.A. challenges B. competence C. curriculum D. practices43.A. effectiveness B. faults C. progress D. requirements44.A. instruction B. protection C. inspection D. consideration45.A. taking B. improving C. examining D. copying46.A. as far as B. rather than C. other than D. as well as47.A. judgments B. decisions C. inquiries D. suggestions48.A. quantity B. quality C. instruction D. support49. A. education B. performance C. attention D. interest50. A. responsibility B. structure C. resources D. benefits51. A. frequency B. consistence C. satisfaction D. extent52. A. comparable B. healthy C. different D. unique53. A. appreciated B. criticized C. recommended D. rewarded54. A. attention B. programs C. evaluation D. explanations55. A. set down B. put down C. closed down D. pulled downSection BDirections:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC NEWSWarning from ExpertsA growing amount of human-made orbital debris(太空轨道残骸)—from rocket stages and out-of-date satellites —is circling the Earth. Scientists say the orbital debris, better known as space junk, poses an increasing threat to space activities. “This is a growing environmental problem,”said Nicholas Johnson, the chief scientist and program manager for orbital debris at NASA(美国航空航天局) in Houston, Texas.Johnson and his team have developed a computer model capable of simulating past and future amounts of space junk. The model predicts that even without future rocket or satellite launches, the amount of debris in low orbit around Earth will remain steady through 2055, after which it will increase. While current efforts have focused on limiting future space junk, these scientists say removing large pieces of old space junk will soon be necessary.Since the first launch of satellite in 1957, humans have been generating space junk. The U.S. Space Surveillance Network is currently tracking over 13,000 human-made objects larger than ten centimeters in diameter orbiting the Earth. “Of the 13,000 objects, over 40 percent came from breakups of both spacecraft an d rocket bodies,” Johnson said. In addition, there are hundreds of thousands of smaller objects in space. These include everything from pieces of plastic to bits of paint. Much of this smaller junk has come from exploding rocket stages. Stages are sections of a rocket that have their own fuel or engines.These objects travel at speeds over 35,000 kilometers an hour. At such high speed, even small junk can tear holes in a spacecraft or disable a satellite by causing electrical shorts that result from clouds of superheated gas.Johnson believes it may be time to think about how to remove junk from space. Previous proposals range from sending up spacecrafts to grab junk and bring it down to using lasers to slow an object’s orbit to cause it to fall back to Earth more quickly. Given current technology, those proposals appear neither technically nor economically practical, “Space junk is like any environmental problem,” Johnson admits. “It’s growing. If you don’t deal with it now, it will only become worse, and the solutions in the future are going to be even more costly.”56. What is this passage mainly talking about?A. Advanced technology is used to remove space junk.B. NASA is responsible for the environmental problem.C. Cleaning up the space junk is greatly needed.D. Human activities generate much orbital debris.57. Which of the following is not mentioned in the passage?A. Rocket launches produce more debris than satellite launches.B. Space junk is endangering human beings’ space activities.C. It’s necessary to clean up the large pieces of old space junk.D. Even a tiny piece of space junk can destroy a spacecraft.58. What does John think of the previous proposals to grab space junk and bring it down to the earth?A. Reasonable.B. Unbelievable.C. Reliable.D. Impractical.(B)ABC News: Parents who want to pick up their kids at school in one New Jersey district now can submitto iris(虹膜) scans, as the technology that helps keep our nation’s airports and hotels safe begins to make its way further into American lives.The Freehold Borough School District launched this high-techsecurity system Array on Monday with funding from the Department of Justice as part of a study onthe system’s effectiveness.As many as four adults can be authorized to pick up each child in thedistrict, but in order to be authorized to come into school, they will be asked toregister with the district’s iris recognition security and visitor managementsystem. At this point, the New Jersey program is not a must.If someone tries to slip in behind an authorized person, the system causes an alarm and red flashing lights in the front office. The entire process takes just seconds.This kind of technology is already at work in airports around the country like Orlando International Airport, where the program has been in operation since July. It has 12,000 subscribers who pay $79.95 for the convenience of submitting to iris scans rather than going through lengthy security checks.An iris scan is said to be more accurate than a fingerprint because it records 240 unique details— far more than the seven to twenty-four details that are analyzed in fingerprints. The chances of being misidentified by an iris scan are about one in 1.2 million and just one in 1.44 trillion if you scan both eyes.Phil Meara, the Freehold District official, said that although it was expensive, the program would help schools across the country move into a new frontier in child protection. “This is all part of a larger emphasis, here in New Jersey, on school safety,” he said. “We chose this school because we were looking for a typical slightly urban school to launch the system.”Meara applied for a $369,000 grant on behalf of the school district and had the eye scanners installed in two grammar schools and one middle school. So far, 300 of the nearly 1,500 individuals available to pick up a student from school have registered for the eye scan system.59. Why does the Freehold Borough School District adopt the iris security system?A. To ensure the school safety and efficiency of picking up children.B. To encourage more students to register in New Jersey urban schools.C. To test the effectiveness of school security and management system.D. To collect the information of the children and their beloved parents.60. What’s the advantage of the eye scan system over fingerprints?A. Having many more subscribers throughout the country.B. Authorizing the adults to pick up children more flexibly.C. Attracting parents in a larger proportion to register for it.D. Making almost no mistakes in identifying the authorized.61. How does Phil Meara help to ensure the safety of children?A. By persuading people to register with the security system.B. By applying for grant to install eye scanners in schools.C. By asking the department of justice to fund the program.D. By turning to Orlando International Airport for help.62. What is the best title of this passage?A. Parents Favor the Eye Scan System.B. Security Management Needs Improving.C. High Technology Comes to School.D. Iris Scanners Are Invented in the Country.(C)Dusty Nash, an angelic-looking blond child of seven, awoke at 5 one recent morning in his Chicago home and began to throw a fit. He cried and kicked. Every muscle in his 50-lb. body flew in violent motion. Finally, after about 30 minutes, Dusty pulled himself together sufficiently to head downstairs for breakfast. While his mother was busy in the kitchen, the extremely excited child pulled a box of Kix cereal from the cupboard and sat on a chair.But sitting still was not easy this morning. After grabbing some cereal with his hands, he began kicking the box, scattering little round corn puffs across the room. Next he turned his attention to the TV set, or rather, the table supporting it. The table was covered with a check-board Con-Tact paper, and Dusty began peeling it off. Then he became interested in the spilled cereal and started smashing it into bits.It was only 7:30, and his mother Kyle Nash, who teaches a medical-school course on death and dying, was already feeling half dead from exhaustion. Dusty was to see his doctors that day at 4, and they had asked her not to give the boy the drug he usually takes to control his extreme excitement and attention problems, a condition known as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD). It was going to be a very long day without help from Ritain,a powerful drug which some people take for pleasure, but which they can become addicted to.Karenne Bloomgarden remembers such days all too well. The spirited, 43-year-old boss and gym teacher was a disaster as a child growing up in New Jersey. “I did very poorly in school,” she recalls. Her teachers and parents were constantly on her case for tough behavior. “They just felt I was being bad--- too loud, too physical, too everything.” A naughty tomboy with few friends, she saw a psychologist at age 10. “but nobody came up with a diagnosis”. As a teenager she began prescribing her own medicat ion: marijuana, and later cocaine.The athletic Bloomgarden managed to get into college, but she admits that she cheated her way to a diploma. “I would study and study, and I wouldn’t remember a thing. I really felt it was my fault.” After graduat ing, she did fine in physically active jobs but was anxious about administrative work. Then, four years ago, a doctor put a label on her troubles: ADHD. “It’s been such a weigh off my shoulders” says Bloomgarden, who takes both stimulant Ritalin and the antidepress ant Zoloft to improve her concentration. “I had 38 years of thinking I was a bad person. Now I’m rewriting the tapes of who I thought I was to who I really am.”63. What does the phrase “throw a fit” in the 1st paragraph probably mean?A. turn oneself around casually.B. fall down to the ground carelessly .C. lose one’s temper suddenly.D. shout and complain loudly.64. Why did Dusty Nash mess the room?A. He was reluctant to listen to his mother.B. He couldn’t focus on anything for a while.C. He forgot to take the medicine he usually took.D. He was afraid to see the doctor with his mother.65. The passage is chiefly concerned with _______________________.A. the visible symptoms of the disease ADHDB. the precise definition of the disease ADHDC. Dusty’s experiences in his childhood and collegeD. Karenne’s confess ing of cheating to get a diploma66. What can be inferred from the passage?A. Dusty went to see his private doctor every week in the past years.B. Dusty’s mother took care of him till he was admitted to a college.C. A psychologist examined Karenne and cured her serious disease.D. Karenne didn’t know herself well until she was diagnosed with ADHD.Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.The Minoans: A Forgotten PeopleThe first advanced culture in ancient Greece was the Minoan culture. For thousands of years, knowledge of these people survived only in Greek myths. In the late 19th century, archaeologists began to unearth ruins. This inspired Arthur Evans to begin digging on the island of Crete near mainland Greece. On a dig in Kbossos, Evans found an ancient palace. Experts think that it was the palace of King Minos, acentral figure in many Greek myths.67 With his team, he uncovered a vast structure, varied works of art, and many hieroglyphic records. These finds, together with later finds, comprise all that experts know about Minoan culture.From the evidence experts gathered, it is clear that the Minoans were ahead of their time.The palace at Knossos was five floors high with hundreds of rooms. Buildings throughout the ancient city had plumbing and flush toilets. Stone pavement lined the surfaces of the roads. In addition, the Minoans possessed a highly developed naval fleet for long-distance trade. 68 These records confirm the central role of commerce in culture.Their analysis of the evidence also offers insight into some aspects of Minoan society.69 Ruins and artwork suggest that people of all classes enjoyed a high degree of social and gender equality. Religious icons(图符) show that Minoans worshiped bulls, the natural world, and many female gods.An unusual feature of Minoans culture was the pursuit of leisure interests. Sport and visual arts were central to Minoan life. Boxing and bull jumping, a sport in which players jumped over live bulls, were popular. Although bull jumping may have served some ritual purpose, experts believe that it was done mostly for fun. Similarly, although some works of art showed political and religious themes, other works served only as pleasant décor(装饰品). 70The Minoans met their demise after a series of natural disasters. Experts believe that group from the Greek mainland capitalized on these events and looked over the island.IV. Summary WritingDirections:Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.The Conflict of the OrdersThe types of people who served as officials in the Roman government changed over time. These changes stemmed from the attempts of common people to more rights. The struggles became known as the Conflict of the Orders.In the early republic, Romans were divided into two classes of people: patricians and plebeians. Patricians were powerful landowners who controlled the government. As nobles, they inherited their power. Plebeians, who made up most of the population, were mainly farmers and workers. For many years, plebeians had few rights. They could vote, but they were barred from holding most public offices. Plebeians could not even know Roman laws because laws were not written down. In court, a judge stated and applied the law, but only patricians served as judges.Over time, plebeians increased their power through demand and strikes. They gained the right to join the army, hold government office, form their own assembly, and elect leaders. In one of their greatest victories, they forced the government to write down the laws of the Roman Republic. In about 450,B.C. the Romans engraved their laws on tablets called the Twelve Tables. The laws were placed in the Forum, the chief public square, for all to view.The first plebeians were appointed to the government in the late 400s B.C. After 342B.C., a plebeian always held one of the consul positions. By about 300 B.C. many plebeians had become so powerful and wealthy themselves that they joined with patricians to form the Roman nobility. From that time on, the distinction between patricians and plebeians was not as important. Membership in the nobility was still very important, however, since government officials were not paid a salary, only wealthy nobles could afford to hold office. Thus, the nobles still controlled the republic.V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72. 我们必须尽快适应新环境。

Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)William Herschel was born on November 15th, 1738 in Hanover in a family of musicians. In 1757, he fled to England and began earning a living as an organist and later composer and conductor. In 1772, he convinced his sister Caroline to join him as a singer. In their spare time the brother-sister team became occupied in astronomy. William died at his home in Slough, near Windsor on August 25th,1822, and Caroline on September 1st,1848.Herschel’s first major discoveries were to show that Mars and Jupiter exhibit axialrotation (绕轴自转). Herschel struck fame in 1781, when on March 13th, he discovered the planet Uranus (天王星) while engaged in work aimed at determining stellar parallax (恒星视差). This being the first new planet discovered since ancient times, Herschel, until then a mere amateur astronomer relatively unknown even in England, became world-famous. Adopting a historically proven strategy, Herschel named the new planet Georgium Sidum, in honor of the then ruling English king George III. The trick worked once again, as King George III gave William and Caroline the titles of ―The King’s Astronomer‖ and ―Assistant to the King’s Astronomer‖, an honor which came with a life’s pension for both. In 1782 they moved to Bath, and shortly thereafter to S lough, and from this point on William and Caroline could devote themselves entirely to astronomy. The Herschels went on to discover two moons of Uranus in 1787.While Caroline became increasingly occupied with the search for comets at which she was quite s uccessful, William became for a time interested in the Sun. Inspired by Wilson’s 1774 work, he put forth the theory of sunspot, an opinion that continued to exist well into the nineteenth century. In 1800, he became interested in the solar spectrum (太阳光谱), and uncovered the first evidence for solar energy output outside of the visible spectrum, in what is now known as the infrared(红外线). In 1801, he published two papers that effectively started the field of solar influences on Earth’s weather.56.Herschel made himself known to the world mainly by __________.A. discovering the planet UranusB. determining stellar parallaxC. discovering two moons of UranusD. uncovering the evidence for the infrared57. It can be inferred from the passage that George III __________.A. liked science and technologyB. liked Herschel’s naming of the new planetC. was interested in astronomyD. gave Herschel a lot of useful suggestions58. What do we know about Caroline from the passage?A. She was successful in music.B. She was titled ―The King’s Astronomer‖.C. She died later than her brother.D. She published two papers.59. This passage mainly tells readers .A. some information about Herschel and his sisterB. how Herschel and his sister discovered the planet UranusC. Herschel and Caroline got along well with each otherD. Herschel and Caroline’s major scientific publicationsKeys: 56-59: A B C ASection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)The cold northern wind here in the streets of Petersburg strengthens my nerves and fills me with delight. I cannot think of the Pole as cold and empty;in my imagination it is a region of beauty and delight. Who knows what strange landscapes and creatures we may find there. I shall satisfy my curiosity with the sight of an unknown part of the world-and walk where no man has before.Thinking of it, I feel the same joy a child feels when he sails his little boat on a voyage ofdiscovery up his native river.This voyage was the favorite dream of my early years. My education was neglected, yet I was passionately fond of reading. Uncle Thomas's library contained only books about exploration, which I read day and night. Finally my thoughts comes to the idea of making a voyage of discovery.Six years have passed since I decided on the present voyage. I can, even now, remember the hour when I committed myself to this great enterprise. I began by making my body used to hardship. I went on whale hunting voyages to the North Sea; I voluntarily endured cold, hunger, thirst, and lack of sleep. I often worked harder than the common sailors during the day. Then, at nights, I studied mathematics, the theory of medicine,and sciences of practical importance for a seagoing adventurer. Twice I took jobs as an officer on a Greenland whaling ship. I felt a little proud when my captain asked me to remain with the ship, so valuable did he consider my services. And now, do I not deserve to achieve some great task? My life might have been passed in ease and comfort, but I preferred glory to every pleasure that wealth placed in my path.56.What does the author think of the Pole?A.It reminds him of his childhood.B. It must be a region full of surprises.C. It would fulfil his dream to be an adventurer.D. It's too cold a destination with almost nothing.57. To realize his childhood dream, the author got _______.A. physically prepared by experiencing great sufferingB. spiritually prepared by gaining captain's recognitionC. academically prepared by reading books on explorationD. financially prepared by serving on a whale hunting ship.58. According to the passage, the author is definitely a person full of _______.A. curiosityB. fancyC. perseveranceD.prideKeys:56-58: CACSection CDirections：Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box.Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.(A)In 1982, I had responsibility for Stephen Hawking’s third academic book for the Press, Superspace and Supergravity. This was a messy collection of papers from a technical workshop on how to devise a new theory of gravity. While that book was in production, I suggested he try something easier: a popular book about the nature of the Universe, suitable for the general market.Stephen hesitated over my suggestion. He already had an international reputation as a brilliant theoretical physicist working on rotating black holes and theories of gravity. And he had concerns about financial matters: importantly, it was impossible for him to obtain any form of life insurance to protect his family in the event of his death or becoming totally dependent on nursing care. So, he took precious time out from his research to prepare the rough draft of a book.At the time, several bestselling physics authors had already published non-technical books on the early Universe and black holes. Stephen decided to write a more personal approach, by explaining his own research in cosmology and quantum theory.One afternoon, in the 1980s, he invited me to take a look at the first draft, but first he wanted to discuss cash. He told me he had spent considerable time away from his research, and that he expected advances and royalties(定金和版税) to be large. When I pressed him on the market that he foresaw, he insisted that it be on sale, up front, at all airport bookshops in the UK and the US. I told that was a tough call for a university press. Then I thumbed the typescript. To my dismay, the text was far too technical for a general reader.A few weeks later he showed me a revision, much improved. Eventually, he decided to place it with a mass market publisher rather than a university press. Bantam published A Brief History of Time in March 1988. Sales took off like a rocket, and it ranked as a bestseller for at least five years. The book’s impact on the popularization of science has been incalculable.56. What suggestion did the writer give to Stephen Hawking?A. Simplifying Superspace and Supergravity.B. Formulating a new theory of gravity.C. Writing a popular book on the nature of the universe.D. Revising a book based on a new theory.57. Which of the following was Stephen Hawking most concerned about?A. Financial returns.B. Other competitors.C. Publishing houses.D. His family’s life insurance.58. The underlined word ―thumbed‖ is closest in meaning to _______.A. praisedB. typedC. confirmedD. browsed59. The greatest contribution of the book A Brief History of Time lies in _______.A. bringing him overnight fame in the scientific worldB. keeping up the living standard of his familyC. making popular science available to the general publicD. creating the rocketing sales of a technical bookKeys:56-59 CADCSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Warning from ExpertsA growing amount of human- made orbital debris(太空轨道残骸)---from rocket stages and out-of-date satellites---- is circling the Earth. Scientists say the orbital debris, better known as space junk, poses an increasing threat to space activities. ―This is a growing environmental problem,‖said Nicholas Johnson, the chief scientist and program manager for orbital debris at NASA(美国航空航天局) in Houston, Texas.Johnson and his team have developed a computer model capable of simulating past and future amounts of space junk. The model predicts that even without future rocket or satellite launches, the amount of debris in low orbit around Earth will steady through 2055, after which it will increase. While current efforts have focused on limiting future space junk, these scientists say removing large pieces of old space junk will soon be necessary.Since the first launch of satellite in 1957, humans have been generating space junk. The U.S. Space Surveillance Network is currently tracking over 13,000 human-made objects larger than tencentimeters in diameter orbiting the Earth. ―Of the 13,000 objects, over 40 percent came from breakups of both spacecraft and rocket bodies,‖ Johnson said. In addition, there are hundreds of thousands of smaller objects in space. These include everything from pieces of plastic to bits of paint. Much of this smaller junk has come from exploding rocket stages. Stages are sections of a rocket that have their own fuel or engines.These objects travel at speeds over 35,000 kilometers an hour. At such high speed, even small junk can tear holes in a spacecraft or disable a satellite by causing electrical shorts that result from clouds of superheated gas.Johnson believes it may be time to think about how to remove junk from space. Previous proposals range from sending up spacecrafts to grab junk and bring it down to using lasers to slow an objects orbit to cause it to fall back to Earth more quickly. Given current technology, those proposals appear neither technically nor economically practical, ―Space j unk is like any environmental problem,‖ Johnson admits. ―I t’s growing. If you don’t deal with it now, it will only become worse, and the solutions in the future are going to be even more costly.‖56. What is this passage mainly talking about?A. Advanced technology is used to remove space junk.B. NASA is responsible for the environmental problem.C. Cleaning up the space junk is greatly needed.D. Human activities generate much orbital debris.57. Which of the following is not mentioned in the passage?A. Rocket launches produce more debris than satellite launches.B. Space junk is endangering human beings' space activities.C.It's necessary to clean up the large pieces of old space junk.D. Even a tiny piece of space junk can destroy a spacecraft58. What does John think of the previous proposals to grab space junk and bring it down to the earth?A. Reasonable.B. Unbelievable.C. Reliable.D. Impractical.Keys:56-58 CADSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Have you ever had the experience of talking to someoneand you think they are lying?Well, you are not alone. We’veall had that feeling. But did you know that there are severalthings you can look for to see if you are being lied to?Sometimes you can tell if a person is lying by observing what they do with their body. When people are lying they tend not to move their arms, hands or legs very far from their body. They don’t want to take up very much space because they don’t want to be no ticed. Sometimes a person who is lying will not look you in the eyes. Other times people wholie try to look at you in a strong way because they want to convince you they are tellingthe truth.Liars also use deflection. For example, if you ask a liar the question ―Did you steal Fatima’s bag?‖, they may answer with something like ―Fatima is my friend. Why would Ido that?‖ In this situation the person is telling the truth, but they are also not answeringthe question. They are trying to deflect your attention. Liars may also give too many details. They may try to over-explain things. They do this because they want to convinceyou of what they are saying.Often when a person is lying, they do not want to continue talking about their lie. Ifyou think someone is lying, quickly change the subject. If the person is lying, they will appear more comfortable because they are not talking about their lie any longer. A little later, change the subject back to what you were talking about before. If the person seems uncomfortable again, they may be lying.It’s very hard for a liar to avoid filling silence created by you. He or she wants you to believe the lies being woven; silence gives no feedback on whether or not you’ve boughtthe story. If you’re a good listener, you’ll already be avoiding interruptions, which initself is a great technique to let the story unfold.Just because a person is showing these behaviors, it does not mean they are lying.They might be shy or nervous. But, if you think someone is lying, you might want to usesome of these techniques. Hopefully, you won’t need to very often.56. By saying ―Liars also use deflection‖, the writer means that liars may __________.A. tell great storiesB. change tone of voiceC. ask a question in replyD. avoid direct answers57. According to the passage, a person could be lying if he or she ____________.A. offers more information than necessaryB. appears to be shy or nervousC. changes the subject of the conversationD. speaks very fast and vaguely58. Whichof the following can be learned from the passage?A. Liars always try to avoid direct eye contact when they tell lies.B. We can make people lie by changing the subject in a conversation.C. Liars are often expansive in hand and arm movements while talking.D. We make liars uncomfortable by giving no feedback in a conversation.59. The passage mainly talks about __________.A. who deceives usB. why people tell liesC. how to detect liesD. what to do with liarsKeys:56-59 DADCSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.AIf a diver surfaces too quickly, he may suffer the bends. Nitrogen(氦)dissolved in his blood is suddenly liberated by the reduction of pressure. The consequence, if the bubbles accumulate(累积) In a joint,, is sharp pain and a bent body—thus the name. If the bubbles form in his lungs or his brain, the consequence can be death.Other air-breathing animals also suffer this decompression (减压) sickness if they surface too fast: whales, for example. And so, long ago, did ichthyosaurs(鱼龙).That these ancient sea animals got the bends can be seen from their bones. If bubbles of nitrogen form inside the bone they can cut off its blood supply. This kills the cells in the bone, and consequently weakens it, sometimes to the point of collapse. Fossil bones that have caved in on themselves are thus a sign that the animal once had the bends.Bruce Rothschild of the University of Kansas knew all this when he began a study of ichthyosaur bones to find out how widespread the problem was in the past. What he particularly wanted to investigate was how ichthyosaurs adapted to the problem of decompression over the 150 million years. To this end, he and his colleagues traveled the world's natural-history museums, looking at hundreds of ichthyosaurs from the Triassic period and from the later Jurassic and Cretaceous periods.When he started, he assumed that signs of the bends would be rarer in younger fossils, reflecting their gradual evolution of measures to deal with decompression. Instead, he was astonished to discover the opposite. More than 15% of Jurassic and Cretaceous ichthyosaurs had suffered the bends before they died, but not a single Triassic specimen(标本)showed evidence of that sort of injury.If ichthyosaurs did evolve an anti-decompression means, they clearly did so quickly-and, most strangely, they lost it afterwards. But that is not what Dr. Rothschild thinks happened. He suspects it was evolution in other animals that caused the change.Whales that suffer the bends often do so because they have surfaced to escape a predator (掠食性动物) such as a large shark. One of the features of Jurassic oceans was an abundance of large sharks and crocodiles, both of which were fond of ichthyosaur lunches. Triassic oceans, by contrast, were mercifully shark and crocodile-free. In the Triassic, then, ichthyosaurs were top of the food chain. In the Jurassic and Cretaceous, they were prey (猎物)as well as predator—and often had to make a speedy exit as a result.56. Which of the following is a typical symptom of the bends?A. A twisted bodyB. A gradual decrease in blood supply.C. A sudden release of nitrogen in blood.D. A drop in blood pressure57. The purpose of Rothschild's study is to see___.A. how often ichthyosaurs caught the bendsB. how ichthyosaurs adapted to decompressionC. why ichthyosaurs bent their bodiesD. when ichthyosaurs broke their bones58. Rothschild's finding stated in Paragraph 4_____.A. confirmed his assumptionB. speeded up his research processC. disagreed with his assumptionD. changed his research objectives59. Rothschild might have concluded that ichthyosaurs_______.A. failed to evolve an anti-decompression meansB. gradually developed measures against the bendsC. died out because of large sharks and crocodilesD. evolved an anti-decompression means but soon lost itKeys: 56-59 ABCASection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.AOne Friday morning, before Michael was leaving for work he told his wife that he had finally determined to ask his boss for a salary raise. All day Michael felt nervous and anxious as he thought about the upcoming showdown. What if Mr.Duncan refused to grant his request? Michael had worked so hard in the last 18 months and brought some great benefits to Braer and Hopkins Advertising Agency. Of course, he deserved a wage increase.The thought of walking into Mr. Duncan's office left Michael weak in the knees. Late in the afternoon he was finally courageous enough to approach his superior. To his delight and surprise, the ever- frugal (一惯节省的) Rowland Duncan agreed to give Michael a raise!Michael arrived home that evening-despite breaking all city and state limits-to a beautiful table set with their best china, and candles lit. His wife, Cassie, had prepared a delicate mealincluding his favourite dishes. Immediately he thought someone from the office had tipped her off!Next to his plate Michael found a beautiful lettered note. It was from his wife. It read: "Congratulations, my love! I knew you'd get the raise! I prepared this dinner to show just how much I love you. I am so proud of your accomplishments!" He read it and stopped to think about how sensitive and caring Cassie was.After dinner, Michael was on his way to the kitchen to get dessert when he observed that a second card had slipped out of Cassie's pocket onto the floor. He bent forward to pick it up. It read: "Don't worry about not getting the raise! You do deserve one! You are a wonderful provider and I prepared this dinner to show you just how much I love you even though you did not get the increase."Suddenly tears swelled in Michael's eyes. Total acceptance! Cassie's support for him was not conditional upon his success at work.The fear of rejection is often softened and we can undergo almost any setback or rejection when we know someone loves us regardless of our success or failure.56. What was Michaels plan that Friday?A. To find a job with the Braer and Hopkins Advertising Agency.B. To ask for a wage increase from his boss.C. To celebrate his success.D. To ask his boss to come for dinner.57. On his way back home, Michael______.A. felt weak in the kneesB. was punished by the traffic policemanC. was too anxious to share the news with his wifeD. couldn't wait to enjoy a meal58. Which of the following statements about the story is FALSE?A. Michael was afraid that his request would lead to a disaster.B. Michael had worked very hard and done his part for the company.C. Michael's boss agreed to his request.D. One of Michael's colleagues had told his wife the good news.59. According to the passage, which of the following can best describe Michael's wife, Cassie?A. Passionate, thoughtful and talented.B. Considerate, generous and reliable.C. Decisive, optimistic and energetic.D. Caring, tolerant and supportive.Keys: 56-59 BCDDSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.(A)Last October, I was on a diving holid ay in the Philippines with with seven other advanced divers. I dived off the boat, slowly sinking to about 20m.After nearly 45 minutes, the sound of my breathing was drowned out by a low rumble like an engine, and I felt deep, powerful vibrations(震动), as if a big boat with a propeller was passing overhead. The dive instructor's eyes were wide with confusion too. We both swam next to each other, staying close to the side of the reef(礁石). The situation felt sinister.Then we were enveloped by clouds of white sand that mushroomed up around us, Could it be an underwater bomb? A giant turtle raced past us and into the deep; they are normally slow movers, so this was very weird behaviour. The vibration became so intense that I could feel it in my bones, and the sound turned into a deafening roar. Suddenly, a few meters below us, breaks began forming and the sand was sucked down. That's when I realized it was an earthquake. The noise was the sound of the Earth splintering open and grinding against itself.The instructor and I held hands and looked into each other's eyes; I felt comforted by his presence. I was numb(麻木的)for terror but clear-headed. My body went on high alert, ready to react. But I have no power over whatever this is. The only option is to stay very still and let it do whatever it's going to do.It took enormous willpower to resist the urge to swim to the surface, which is not sensible as situation on the surface at that time was ambiguous with potential threats pending. Soon we saw other divers.The sound and vibration lasted only two or three minutes and when they stopped I heard the swoosh of sand falling over the seabed. We all held hands before resurfacing to avoid decompression sickness, which can be fatal. When up,It was a huge relief to see all the divers and we all shared incredulous looksbefore pulling out our breathing apparatus and shouting, "What was that?"Back on the boat, we rushed to check the news and discovered we had witnessed a huge earthquake, measuring 7.2 on the Richter scale. It released more energy than 30 Hiroshima bombs, though it seemed that we were not at at the epicentre(震中). I was high and felt lucky surprisingly not because of my recent survival miracle, but to have experienced nature at its most stunning and its most frightening.56. How did the author realize that they met with an earthquake?A. By feeling the violent shake under the sea.B. By witnessing a normally-slow turtle quickly moving by.C. By seeing the seafloor crack.D. By checking the news and be informed of the event.57. Why didn’t the author rise to the surface before the vibration stopped?A. Because the instructor gestured him not to rise.B. Because he was numb in body.C. Because he could sense the unclear water situation.D. Because he tried to avoid unexpected danger above.58. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?A. At the beginning of the event, a big boat passed by causing big vibration.B. All the divers used the reef as the protection against the violent vibration.C. I felt relieved as the instructor was experience in handling situations like this.D. Powerless to fight nature, I was tame when under the water.59. Why did the author feel fortunate on the boat?A. Because he was not at the epicenter of the earthquake.B. Because he finally survived a huge earthquake.C. Because he could witness a rare natural phenomenon.D. Because he didn’t suffer from decompression sickness.Keys: 56-59 CCDCSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)In the world of higher education in the United States, competition seems more common than schools working together. Every college and university competes for students, as well as the best teachers and money for research programs.But one thing almost every school has in common is the difficulty they face in serving low-income students. The National Center for Education Statistics reports that low-income college students are less likely to complete their study programs than other students.It was only natural that the leaders of Michigan State University and ten other universities discussed this issue when they met in 2014. The 11 schools are spread across the United Sates and serve different populations and needs. But their leaders all saw improving graduation rates for all students as the biggest problem facing American higher education.So the group created an organization called the University Innovation Alliance or UIA for sharing information related to this problem. Its main goal is to get 68,000 more students at the member schools to graduate by 2025, with at least half of those studentsbeing low-income. The 11 schools now say their number of graduates has increased by over 7,200 in just three years. This includes an almost 25 percent increase in the number of low-income graduates.How were they able to make this happen? It began with each university looking at its own situation and finding out what it had been doing right and what it had been doing wrong.For example, before joining the UIA, academic advising at Michigan State mostly involved reacting to problems students faced after the problems had already arisen. Then school officials heard about a computer program that fellow UIA member Georgia State University was using. This computer program follows decisions students make about their classes and the progress they are making in their studies. It then sends academic advisors messages whenever a student shows signs that they are making mistakes or facingdifficulties. Hat way the advisors can try to help students before the problems become too serious. Michigan State began using the computer program and it has meant a world of difference.Michigan States has not only received useful。

2018年上海市长宁区中考英语二模试卷二、Choose the best answer （选择最恰当的答案）（共20分）1. Which of the following words is pronounced as / praɪz/？（）A praiseB prizeC priceD prison2. Which of the following underlined parts is different in pronunciation from the others？（）A I felt my heart b ea ting fast．B For br ea kfast I had a slice of bread．C Health means w ea lth．D Go ah ea d! Believe in yourself．3. His health condition got so bad recently that he decided to go on ______ diet right now．（）A aB anC theD /4. I remember that my cousin Peter came to see us ______ a very cold night last time.A inB onC atD with5. Ted， a friend of _______， is keen on taking an active part in sports regularly．（）A myB mineC meD myself6. Some traditional skills are disappearing because ______ young people are interested in them.A fewB a fewC littleD a little7. Learning to do some teamwork with ______ is important in our daily life．（）A anotherB the otherC othersD the others8. Fifty percent of my monthly pocket money ______ spent on entertainment.A haveB hasC isD are9. ______ graduates will attend the 100tℎ anniversary celebration of the university next month．（）A ThousandB ThousandsC Thousand ofD Thousands of10. Martin didn't eat up all the food he ordered， _______ he took the rest away．（）A forB orC asD so11. The waitress talked as ______ as she could to make the customers understand her.A clearB clearerC clearlyD more clearly12. Children over 120cm tall _______ pay the full entry price to the exhibition show．（）A canB mayC shouldD must13. Nowadays a lot of young people are trying to do more things ______ the old.A to serveB serveC servingD served14. ______ amazing it is to see so many wild animals with our own eyes in Shanghai!（）A HowB WhatC What aD What an15. There's something wrong with our new product． We ______ a lot of complaints so far．（）A receiveB receivedC will receiveD have received16. I don't think Julia saw me at the moment because she_______ with her friends on the Internet．（）A is chattingB was chattingC has chattedD would chat17. He offered to take me for a ride in his new car after he finished ______ it.A cleanB cleansC cleaningD to clean18. You will see a lot of ancient buildings there _______ you go to that famous small town．（）A becauseB thoughC ifD since19. ﹣ Let's go to Mr． Smith's speech on western culture， shall we？﹣ ______ We can attend his lecture next time．（）A Why not？B That's all right．C Never mind．D I'm afraid it's too late．20. ﹣ Students should be allowed to have mobile phones． They can contact their parents more conveniently．﹣ ______ Actually they often use them to play games．（）A I hope so．B I don't agree．C No problem．D Good idea．三、Complete the following passage with the words or phrases in the box. Each can be used only once （将下列单词或词组填入空格．每空格限填一词，每词只能填一次）（共8分）21. A） conversation B） hear of C） develop D） complete E） presentWe live in a world that prizes education． But most people think of education only in termsof formal classes． When people graduate from high school or college， they usually think their education is （1）________． But it is possible to continue learning after finishing school． And making the effort pays off personally and professionally．On a personal level， learning can be fun． It can deepen your（2）________ by giving you something interesting to talk about． And it's good for your brain． Hobbies that require thought can help you keep your mental abilities at your age． Just as exercise makes your muscles stronger， your mind becomes sharper when you use it．Being a lifelong learner can also help your career． Becoming an expert in an area outside of your________（3）________ job gives you freedom． It allows you to take a job another field if you want to． Also， knowledge in other areas can help you（4）________ creative ideas in your current job．22. A） throughout B） economy C） resources D） nearby E） decisionSo how do you become a lifelong learner？ It starts with making a conscious （1）________ to do so． You need to be determined to keep making the effort to learn when it isn't easy． It may help to find friends who will encourage your learning． It might also help to set aside specific items to study．Try finding time to learn （2）________ your day． Carry a book with you， and read when you have to wait． Audiobooks and podcasts are also helpful （3）________． You can listento them while traveling or doing chores．Finding ways to use what you learn can help you remember things． If you want to learnhow to fix appliances， try fixing some at home． If you're learning a foreign language，find someone who speaks that language to talk to． If you're learning facts about （4）________ or science， explain what you're learning to someone else． Then you can help that person be a lifelong learner， too!四、Complete the sentences with the given words in their proper forms （用括号中所给单词的适当形式完成下列句子，每空格限填一词）（共8分）23. Mr Black is one of the most famous________ in that five﹣star restaurant．（cook）24. He first learnt to express________ through movement at Tim's dance class．（he）25. The actor who acted in the TV series last night became famous in his________．（forty）26. The________ to Hainan Island has been cancelled because of the heavy snow．（fly）27. It's cold today． Please________ the milk in the microwave oven before you drink．（hot）28. O． Henry's stories often have unexpected endings． They are________ welcomed．（wide）29. The farmer was very________ to the doctor because he saved his wife's life．（thank）30. A good teacher can help you________ your talents and develop them as well．（cover）五、Complete the following sentences as required （根据所给要求完成句子．第62-67题每空格限填一词）（共14分）31. Both Tina and Tom have already been to Shanghai Disneyland Park．（改为否定句）________ Tina________ Tom has been to Shanghai Disneyland Park yet．32. We can open the door of the safe ________．（对划线部分提问）________ you open the door of the safe？33. The trip to France and Italy cost the old couple a lot．（改为反意疑问句）The trip to France and Italy cost the old couple a lot，________？34. More tourists prefer to visit European countries on their own these days．（保持句意基本不变）More tourists________ visit European countries on their own these days．35. What does Alice send to Ms Jones on her birthday every year？ Could you tell me？（合并成一句）Could you tell me________ Alice________ to Ms Jones on her birthday every year？36. Farmers in that village grew different kinds of fruits for a living years ago．（改为被动语态）Different kinds of fruits________ by farmers in that village for a living years ago．37. the match， was excited， his team， when， won， the little boy．（连词成句）________．六、Reading comprehension （阅读理解）（共50分）38. New research has found the longest living animal on Earth with a backbone is a shark．The research， published in Science Magazine， found the Greenland shark is the longest living animal with a backbone in the world． The gray﹣colored sharks live in the cold water of the Arctic and are named after Greenland， the world's largest island． After examining one of these sharks， scientists decided it was born in the icy water about 400years ago and died out recently．An international team of biologists and physicists was able to estimate （估计） the ages of 28dead female Greenland sharks by studying the lenses of their eyes． It is a new way to learn the age of an animal． Eight of the sharks were probably 200years old or more， andcould even have been 300years old． That would make them older than some whales，which earlier were believed to have been the oldest animals at about 211years old，according to the Associated Press．This discovery also means that Greenland sharks can live more than three times longer than humans． Many people these days can expect to live into their eighties． African elephants average about 70years． The oldest of the Greenland sharks the scientists studied was nearly 5meters long． It was thought to have been 392years old when it was caught four years ago． However， because the testing method is so new， it is not exact．The study's lead author is Julius Nielsen， a marine biologist from Denmark． He says the 392number could have an error range of 120years in either direction． That means the shark was probably born sometime between the years 1500and 1740， with 1620being the most likely．'It's an estimate． It's not a determination，' Nielsen said． 'It is the best we can do．' Even at the lowest age， the shark would have been 272years old when it died and still would be the longest﹣living animal with a backbone， Nielsen said．'I don't know why they get as old， but I hope someone will find out，' Nielsen said．（1）According to Science Magazine， the Greenland shark________．A） is the longest living animal on earthB） rarely lives in the cold water of the ArcticC） is an animal with a backboneD） still lives in the icy water now（2）A new way to learn the age of a female animal is________．A） to estimate it by a biologistB） to examine its skinC） to study the lenses of its eyesD） to discover the place of its birth（3）The discovery means if people live into eighties， the shark might live into________ years old．A） almost 200B） less than 211C） over 320D） at least 450（4）Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage？________A） The oldest of the Greenland sharks was nearly five meters long．B） It can make sure that the oldest Greenland shark was 392years old．C） Julius Nielsen says the 392number could have an error range of 120years．D） Julius Nielsen has tried to estimate the probable time the shark was born．（5）The author will probably write about________ after the last paragraph．A） the discovery of why sharks get so oldB） the living habits of the sharksC） the reasons why sharks disappearedD） the bad side of the sharks（6）The best title of the passage may probably be "________"．A） A new way to study the sharksB） Caring for the sharksC） Best Animal with a backbone on EarthD） Longest living animal with a backbone on Earth39. The Thanksgiving turkey is the cause of stress for me． I have（1）_______ it as an enemy on Thanksgiving．Over the years I had tried just every method of cooking the turkey． When I just got married I tried the traditional pan roasting method． But I forgot to buy my turkey （2）_______ the day before Thanksgiving． And I bought a big one because I wanted to be sure to have enough turkey for everyone． Unfortunately, it wasn't thawed （解冻） by the time I needed to cook it． I ended up with a dry turkey overcooked on the outside and rarely done （3）_______． And I had lots and lots of leftover turkey because nobody liked it．The following year I was busy with a baby． So again I forgot to buy my turkey in time to get it （4）_______ thawed． I had to be up most of the night before Thanksgiving running cold water over my turkey to get it thawed． The turkey ended up turning out okey but I was so tired and sleepy by the time I served dinner．The next year I got a method of cooking turkey from local radio in early November． I was （5）_______ to give it a try． Making that turkey was like taking care of a baby for nearly two days． I was so pleased with that turkey． I thought it was going to be the best tasting turkey ever since it was the most （6）_______ I ever put in making turkey． But that didn't happen． Nobody liked the flavour of the turkey．I decided not to make one this year． But my family thought it wasn't Thanksgiving without turkey． The Thanksgiving turkey has been a yearly joke at our house and when I don't make one there is nothing to complain about．（1）A visitedB ） consideredC ） heardD ） told（2）A beforeB ） afterC ） untilD ） since（3）A on the surfaceB ） on the topC ） at the bottomD ） in the middle（4）A completelyB ） carefullyC ） easilyD ） slowly（5）A afraidB ） responsibleC ） surprisedD ） ready（6）A moneyB ） workC ） powerD ） water40. I rely a lot on my phone to help me when I study in America． Here are some of the most useful apps I have used but never paid for!CalendarAll phones come with an inbuilt calendar app． I've found myself using the app quite a lot recently． It is important to know your date when （1）p________ a weekend away． It isalso comforting to check the app when I'm feeling homesick ﹣it helps to remind me that Iwill be home soon， so I should make the most of my time （2）a________．Google TranslateIt's that moment when the word is on the tip of your tongue， but you just can't（3）r________ it! Don't worry； Google Translate can lend you a hand! Just make sure you double﹣check if you are translating longer texts， as the software does make some very humorous （4）m________!GmailPersonally， I really like the Gmail app because it automatically puts emails， based on different items， into different categories． The important mail goes straight to my inbox（信箱）， while （5）l________important mail is put into other categories．HeadspaceAfter an exhausting day of work， I needed a way to help calm and focus my mind． This is how I found Headspace． Sign up for free to try some easy meditations （冥想）﹣ theyonly take ten minutes． I've found them a great way to relax （6）a________a stressful day．Trip AdvisorWhen exploring a new town， it's good to know the best places to eat and the most interesting attractions to see． I always turn to Trip Advisor for information． Here， you can find hotels， restaurants and attractions which are （7）l________ together with other visitors' ratings （等级） and comments． It makes it a lot easier to choose a good hotel．41. The story of the Mary Celeste is a very famous unsolved mystery． The story is about a sailing ship called the Mary Celeste and the strange disappearance of all the people on board the ship．The ship sailed from New York on 7tℎ November， 1872， for the port of Genoa in Italy． It was carrying a cargo （货物） of 1，700barrels of American alcohol which was worth 35，000dollars． There were 10people on board the ship： the captain， Briggs， his wife，Sarah， their two﹣year﹣old daughter， and seven crewmen． Briggs had a good fame as a captain． He was also a religious man who did not drink alcohol．The mystery begins on 15tℎ November， 1872． The Mary Celeste was between the Azores and the coast of Portugal when it was seen by the captain of another ship， Captain Morehouse． Captain Morehouse was immediately worried because he could see that the Mary Celeste was out of control． He was also very surprised because he knew that Captain Briggs was a good sailor． There were no distress （求救） signals from the Mary Celeste and no reply when Morehouse tried to make contact， so he decided to take a small boat and climb on board the Mary Celeste． There was nobody on board!There didn't seem to be much wrong with the ship： it was not in danger of sinking， so there was no need for panic． However， the ship's register and other paperwork were missing； the navigation instruments were missing； and everything on the ship，including the captain's bed， was wet through． Another important fact is that there wereno boats on board． And a strange fact is that when the cargo was finally unloaded in Genoa，nine barrels of alcohol were missing． Can we find an explanation which fits all the known facts？Morehouse guessed that the crew must， for some reason， have thought that the boat was sinking and panicked． But why did they think it was sinking？ It is possible that， as the cargo was alcohol， there might be an explosion which would cause everyone on board to panic． The crew might have climbed into the boat and tied the boat to the main ship while they checked if the ship really was sinking． Perhaps a storm broke the rope and left them all in a small boat on stormy seas．It seems that（5）________now， but I am sure that people will keep thinking of possible solutions， and the only limit to these solutions will be the human imagination!（1）Which place did the Mary Celeste leave for？________（2）What do you know about Briggs besides having a family of three people？________ （3）How did Morehouse feel when he saw the Mary Celeste was out of control？________ （4）Why did Morehouse guess that the crew panicked at that time？________（5）What can be filled in the blank in the last paragraph？________（6）Where do you think all the people on the ship might go？ Show your possible reason （s）!________七、Writing （作文）（共20分）42. Write at least 60 words about the topic "The____ I want to recommend"（请以"我想推荐_____"为题，写一篇不少于60个词的短文，标点符号不占格．）在你的日常生活中，肯定有很多给你留下了深刻的印象，如观看过一部电影，阅读过一本书，欣赏过一个表演．请你从以上三个方面选取其中一个内容，向你的朋友作推荐，并说明推荐理由．（注意：文中不得出现考生的姓名、校名及其他相关信息，否则不予评分．）2018年上海市长宁区中考英语二模试卷答案1. B2. A3. A4. B5. B6. A7. C8. C9. D10. D11. C12. D13. A14. A15. D16. B17. C18. C19. D20. B21. D,A,．,E,C22. E,A,C,B23. cooks24. himself25. forties26. flight27. heat28. widely29. thankful30. discover31. Neither,nor32. with the key Tony gave us,Howcan33. didn'tit34. wouldrather35. what,sends36. weregrown37. The little boy was excited when his team won the match38. C,C,C,B,A,D39. BCDADB40. lanning/preparing,broad,emember/reach/recall,istakes,ess,fter,isted41. itisimpossibleforustofindtherealsolutiontothemysteryoftheMaryCeleste,The port of Genoa in Italy．,He was a good captain and a religious man．,Worried and surprised．,Becausetheboatmightsink,itisimpossibleforustofindtherealsolutiontothemystery oftheMaryCeleste,They might all die．42. The book I want to recommendA good book is a good friend．I'd like to introduce a good book Harry Potter to my cousin Tom．（想推荐的书）Harry Potter is a series of seven fantasy novels written by British author J．K．Rowling．The book tells us the adventures of Harry Potter and his friends from the Hogwarts School．Although the characters are complex，we get attached to them easily and feel for their pain and happiness．What's more，it makes people think what they should do for the people they love and what is really important in life．（书的简介）【高分句型】Harry Potter can show you a fascinating world and inspire his imagination．The strong and lovely characters can help you build your own personality．I'm sure you can also learn about love and friendship from the book．（推荐原因）【高分句型】I do hope you will like the book and my recommendation can help you．（愿望）。

Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Foreign Giants Target Chinese Milk MarketEuropean dairy products giant Arla Foods has chosen a leading Chinese milk manufacturers as a business partner for its 31 in China—a clear sign that overseas companies are starting to cultivate huge China’s dairy market by tying up with local players.Arla signed the cooperation 32 , which comes into effect this month, with Mengniu Dairy at the end of August to set up a milk-powder joint venture in Hohhot, capital of North China’s Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. The deal between Arle Foods and Mengniu can be seen as a new 33 fo r Multinational’s re-entry into the sector.Many foreign giants have found it difficult to create 34 profits in domestic milk market, especially the liquid-milk sector, which is followed closely by price wars and dominated by local 35 —companies like Danone, Kraft and Friesland Coberco have quitted dairy production in China.A few have been successful—Nestle, Intel, Bristo-Myers Squibb and Wyeth have 36 the high-end milk-formula market in China.“We will watch the market closely and re-invest here in a(n) 37 time,” an official of the Dutch firm Friesland said when it 38 its investment in its Tianjin joint venture last year after eight years.The company has 39 its Chinese partner to continue using its Dutch Lady brand and also sells its imported Friso infant foods, Dutch Lady milk powder and Dutch Lady Calcimex in the Chinese market through its 40 company in Hong Kong.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Why India's Pink City' is a Photographer's HeavenThe city of Jaipur is one of India's wonders. It ___31_____ some of the country's most decorative royal palaces-elegant structures designed hundreds of years ago that still attract visitors today. Largely built in the 1700s, Jaipur is surrounded by a city wall and several ____32___ castles. Considered as a commercial center, it was ahead of its time due to the use of grid iron (网格状) city planning.A romantic dusty pink type-which has _____33____ the city since 1876, after it was painted pink towel come Queen Victoria's husband, Prince Albert-gives Jaipur its ___34_______ as the "Pink City". This ___35_____beauty is what first brought Hong Kong-based photographers Victor Cheng and Samantha Wong to Jaipur.Walking in glass skyscrapers for century-old royal palaces and historic castles, the pair-who have 130,000 Instagram followers between them-said that the images they ____36_____in Jaipur received a lot of response online. "A lot of our followers hadn't seen this side of India, so we're happy we were able to show this side of the country." Cheng said.For the photographers, one of the city's most fascinating features is the light pink coloring of its buildings. “The first gate you see when you enter are pink,” said Wong. “Once you’re through, everything around you varies in different ______37____ of the color-from bright pinks to reddish browns."The building is a(n) _____38_____ of the City Palace, and its windows allowed royal women to observe street life without appearing in public. One of Cheng's most striking photos shows a straight front of the building and its hundreds of windows. The building's lively coloring also pushed Cheng to take a different ______39____ to editing than with images of other cities. "Itoned down my usual editing process because the pink was so bright in reality," he said, "I wanted the photos to _____40__the actual color I was seeing myself and to maintain its tone."Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A multicultural person is someone who is deeply convinced that all cultures are equally good, enjoys learning the rich variety of cultures in the world, and most likely has been exposed to more than one culture in his or her lifetime.You cannot motivate anyone, especially someone of another culture, until that person has accepted you. A multilingual salesperson can explain the advantages of a product in other languages, but a multicultural salesperson can motivate foreigners to buy it. That’s a(an) (31)________ difference.No one likes foreigners who are arrogant(自大的) about their own culture. The trouble is, most people are arrogantly monocultural without being aware of it and even those who are can’t hide it. Foreigners sense monocultural arrogance at once and set up their own cultural barriers, which may effectively (32)_______ any attempt by the monocultural person to motivate them.Multiculturalism is a(an) (33)_______ that has been neglected too often in hiring managers for international positions. Even if your company is not a multinational one, chances are you’re in touch with foreign customers or manufacturers. Do you have the right employee to build up the (34)_______?For 20-odd years, I’ve run an executive-search firm from Brussels. When clients ask us to find the right person for a new pan-European sales or management position, I start by asking them to (35)_______ the qualifications their ideal candidate would have. Most often they list the same qualities they would want for a domestic position, but with the (36)_______ requirement that the new manager be fluent enough in English, German and French to cope with faxes and email. It sometimes takes me hours to persuade clients that the linguistic(语言的) abilities they see ascrucial are not enough.Of course, it’s far more difficult to (37)_______ candidates’ multiculturalism than it is to check their language skills --- but it’s also a far mo re important (38)_______ to success. I remember a company that asked me to check out a salesman they were planning to send to Mexico. He’d studied Spanish, and had grown up in New York City --- the most (39)_______ diverse place in America. But when I interviewed him, he turned out to have no concept of the great pride Mexicans took in their culture, and moreover he was (40)_______ about Mexican restaurants and markets being dirty and unsafe. I rejected him --- just as Mexican buyers would have if he’d been selected for the job.Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.He Is KindlyThe other evening at a dancing club a young man introduced me to Mr. and Mrs. F. Scott Fitzgerald, and Scott seemed not to have changed from the first time I met him at Princeton, when he was an eager undergraduate trying his best to _ 31 himself into a great author. He is still trying hard to be a great author. He is at work now on a novel which his wife 32 far better than This Side of Paradise, but like most of our younger novelists, he finds it 33 to produce a certain number of short stories to make the wheels go around. That The Vegetable, his play, did not receive a Manhattan presentation seems to have disappointed rather than discouraged him. He is still 34 light-hearted.I have always considered him the most brilliant of our younger novelists. No one else can touch his style, nor the superb quality of his satire(讽刺). He has yet to put them in a novel with carefulness of conception and 35 of character. He can become almost any kind of writer thathis peculiarly restless character will 36 .Born in St. Paul, he attended Princeton, served in the Army, wrote his first novel in a training camp, achieved fame and fortune, married a Southern girl, has a child and lives in New York. At heart, he is one of the kindliest of the younger writers Artistry means a great deal to F. Scott Fizgerald, and into his own best work he 37 great efforts. He demands this in the work of others, and when he does not find it, he criticizes with passionate earnestness. I have known him, after reading a young fellow-novelist's book, to take what must have been hours of time to write him a lengthy, careful_ 38 .Just what he will write in the future remains_ 39 . With a firmer reputation than that of the other young people, he yet seems to me to have achieved rather less than Robert Nathan and rather more than Stephen Vincent Benet, Cyril Hume. His coming novel should mean a definite prediction for future work. It is to be hoped that from it will be 40 the seemingly unavoidable modern girls.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Before science became professionalized in the 19th century, __(31)__ naturalists were collecting information and helping us understand the natural world. A 2009 study found that nearly 50% of UK __(32)__ feed wild birds. The National Trust has more than 5 million members, and 60,000 active volunteers helping to protect the countryside as well as historic __(33)__. Now, with our environment arguably under greater threat than ever and species declining at a(n) __(34)__ rate, volunteers are once again at the forefront of efforts to limit the damage.Volunteers and enthusiasts can be powerful drivers for big changes. On the Isle of Man, more than 8,000 people (nearly 10% of the population) are involved in regular weekend beach cleans. At one recent event, 123 volunteers turned up and removed 183 bags of litter in just a couple ofhours. Thanks to __(35)__ such as this, the island shares Unesco biosphere reserve status with the Galápagos, Yellowstone in the US, Uluru in Australia, and hundreds of other sites.Recreational divers are making a real difference underwater too. They monitor the spread of __(36)__ species, and record how native species respond. Divers also __(37)__ levels of marine litter and other human impacts. Volunteer divers have played an important role in collecting information about marine conservation zones. Volunteers have also made a vital contribution to the conservation of basking sharks. The work of a citizen science Basking Shark Project in the 1980s and 90s was __(38)__ in getting these sharks on the protected species list in the UK, while satellite tagging __(39)__ the first recorded transatlantic crossing by a basking shark.Volunteers and enthusiasts can be powerful drivers for big changes. No one can know better, or care more about, our most special places than the people who live in them and give up their free time to look after them. As a group of divers and __(40)__ residents who lived on the shores of the bay, they took their campaign on to national and international stages and continue to inspire people who might otherwise feel powerless when faced with threats to the places that matter to them.Section BDirection: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Whether you're trying to be good at Photoshop, or step up your tennis game, or master a banjo (班卓琴) song, you' re probably 31 following the age-old advice that practice makes perfect. However, contrary to popular belief, doing the same thing over and over again might not be the most efficient way to learn foreign concepts.Traditionally, we're taught using the "blocking" strategy. This instructs us to go over a single idea again and again until we've mastered it, before 32 to the next concept. But several newneurological(神经学的) 33 show that an up and coming learning method called "interleaving" improves our ability to keep and perform new skills over any traditional means by leaps and bounds.What interleaving does is to space out learning over a longer period of time, and it 34 the information we encounter when learning a new skill. So, for example, instead of learning one banjo chord at a time until you 35 it, you train in several at once and in shorter bursts.One of the practical ways you can use interleaving to train your brain to pick up new skills quickly and effectively is to practice multiple 36 skills at once.Whether you’re trying to improve your motor skills or cognitive(认知的) learning abilities, the key to 37 how your brain processes new your brain processes new information is to break out of the habit of learning one part of a skill at a time. The advantage of this method is that your brain doesn't get comfortable or store information in your short-term memory. Instead, interleaving causes your brain to 38 focus and problem-solve every step of the way, resulting in information getting stored in your long-term memory instead.Interleaving doesn't cut any comers, so your brain is always on 39 . Think of the difference between blocking and interleaving like a boxer who practices one 40 over and over again versus a boxer who practices by sparring in the ring. In the ring, you have to be ready for anything. It makes you faster and sharper.Section BDirection: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Robots Writing NewspapersWhether it's robots working as hotel receptionists or artificial intelligence creating poetry, it'sbecoming more and more common to read about technology doing the jobs of humans. And now, it seems that software is even 31 of writing news stories—such as the very one you're reading.BBC News 32 reported that the Press Association(PA), a UK news service, has created a computer program that's competent to create articles that are almost impossible to tell apart from those written by human journalists. Called "robo-journalism" by BBC News, such software "teaches" itself by 33 thousands of news stories written by humans. The PA's software is already so advanced that many UK newspapers and websites publish articles created by it.According to the Reuters Institute of Journalism, many publishers are using robo-journalism to 34 interesting information quickly, from election results to official 35 on social issues. For example, US news organization The Washington Post has its own robo-journalism software, Heliograf.According to tech website Digiday, Heliograf "wrote" over 850 articles in 2017, as well as hundreds of social media 36 .So what does this mean for regular journalists? "We're naturally cautious about any technology that could replace human beings." Fredrick Kunkle, a Washington Post reporter, told Wired. "But this technology seems to have taken over only some of the work that nobody else wants to do."Indeed, it appears that robo-journalism software is 37 to help humans, rather than take away their jobs."In the future, Heliograf could do things like searching the web to see what people are talking about, checking The Washington Post to see if that story is being 38 , and, if not, alerting editors or just writing the piece itself, Wired reporter Joe Keoha wrote.However, Joshua Benton at Harvard university's Nieman Journalism Lab believes that while robo-journalism is 39 going to become more present in newsrooms, nothing can replace traditional human creativity."Good journalism is not just a matter of inputs and outputs, it is a craft that has developed over decades," he told BBC news."The really difficult part of what professional journalists do—carefully 40 information and presenting balanced, contextualized(全景式的) stones—will be very hard for machines tomaster."Section BDirections: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.As the increased amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, heat stress, longer droughts(干旱), and more intense rainfall events linked t o global warming continue to upset our daily weather, we often forget they also ____31____ the quantity, quality, and growing locations of our food. Many foods have already ____32_____ top spots on the world's "endangered foods" list. Indicating their possibility to become scarce within the next 30 years.To start with what is ____33____ in many people’s lives, we are disappointed to find that coffee plantations in South America, Africa, Asia, and Hawaii are all being threatened by rising air temperatures and erratic(不稳定的) rainfall patterns, which invite disease and invasive species to _____34____ the coffee plant and ripening beans. The result? Significant cuts in coffee output.And Coffee's culinary cousin, cacao (aka chocolate), is also suffering stress from global warming's rising temperatures. But for chocolate, it isn't the warmer climate alone that's the problem. Cacao trees actually prefer warmer climates as long as that warmth is paired with high humidity and _____35____ rain . However, the problem is that the higher temperatures projected for the world's leading chocolate-producing countries are not expected to be ____36____ by an increase in rainfall. Therefore as higher temperatures sap more moisture from from soil and plants, it's unlikely that rainfall will increase enough to make up for loss.A notably nutritious plant, the peanut plants grow best when it gets five months of continuous warm weather and 20 to 40 inches of rain. Anything less and plants won't survive. That isn't good news when most climate models agree the climate of the future will be the ____37____, including droughts and heatwaves.The world has already caught a glimpse of the peanut's future fate when last year a serious drought across the peanut-growing Southeastern U.S. led many plants to die. According to a financial report, the dry ____38____caused peanut prices to rise by as much as 40 percent!Finally, in the world of sea, as air temperatures rise, oceans and waterways absorb some of the heat and undergo warming of their own. The result is the _____39_____ in fish population. Warmer waters also encourage toxic marine bacteria, like Vibrio, to grow and cause illness in humans.And that satisfying "crack" you get when eating crab(蟹) be ____40____ as shellfish struggle to build their calcium carbonate(硫酸钙) shells, a result of ocean acidification.Section BDirections: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Bob Dylan Wins a Nobel Prize in LiteratureBob Dylan has won the 2016 Nobel Prize in literature. The productive musician is the first Nobel winner to have followed a career primarily as a singer-songwriter. What’s more, he’s also the first American to have won the prize in more than two decades. Not since novelist Toni Morrison won in 1993 has an American 31 the prize.Dylan earned the prize “for having 32 new poetic expressions within the great American song tradition,” according to the statement by the Swedish Academy, the committee that annually decides the winter of the Nobel Prize. The academy’s permanent secretary, Sara Danius, announced the news Thursday.The win comes as something of a(n) 33 . As usual, the Swedish Academy did not announce a shortlist of nominees(被提名者), leaving the betting markets to their best 34 .And while Dylan has enjoyed favor as an outside shot for the award, the 35 that the musician would be the one to break the American s’ long dry period was regarded as unlikely---especially because he made his career mainly on the stage, not the 36 page.Yet few would argue Dylan has been anything but 37 , both in the U. S. and beyond its borders. The productive singer, songwriter and multi-instrumentalist has produced dozens of albums. Dylan, who was born Robert Allen Zimmerman in 1941, “has the status of an idol(偶像),”the Swedish Academy wrote. “His influence on contemporary music is significant, and he is the object of a steady stream of 38 literature.”In an interview following the announcement, Danius 39 the Swedish Academy’s decision: “He is a great poet in the English-speaking tradition, and he is a wonderful sampler—a very original sampler,” Danius explained. “For 54 years now he has been at it and reinventing himself, constantly creating a new identity.”And for his work, he has been 40 by critical community. Dylan has won Grammys, an Academy Award, a Golden Globe and a Medal of Freedom, the highest civilian honor in the U. S. Now, to the honors Dylan has added a Nobel.Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Mentally and Intellectually HarmfulLast month, the Indian Medical Association declared a public health emergency in New Delhi because of high levels of air pollution. Schools were shut and emergency traffic restrictions put in place.New Delhi is far from alone. Our research into the___31___ of air pollution in China shows that, in addition to the more obvious physical price, air pollution can also have serious negative effects on mental health and cognition (认知),___ 32___ reducing a person’s happiness and their scores in verbal and mathematical tests.Such harmful mental effects have serious negative consequences for livelihoods and human capital development, suggesting that development___33____ should go beyond the traditional focus of boosting GDP in the developing world.India's recent pollution emergency is the most___34___ incidence(发生率)of dangerous air pollution, but smoggy skies have been a cause of growing___35____ in most developing countries.Major cities across the developing world---from Thailand to Brazil, to Nigeria---___36____ experience pollution at several times the WHO safe limits. In fact, 98% of cities with more than 100.000___37___ in low and middle-inc ome countries fail to meet the WHO’s air quality guidelines.India’s extreme levels of air pollution are well recognized, and examining the effects provides clear warnings for other countries seeking fast growth through rapid industrialization.We used nationally ___38___ longitudinal (纵向)surveys on mental health and cognition, matched with daily air quality data for the time and place of interviews, to see what pollution does in a given time to individual happiness and cognitive performance. Because each person in our survey was __39___multiple times, we can control for the effect of individual characteristics on the outcome variables.We found that worsening air quality led to a decrease in happiness that day__40___to about 10 percent of the reduced happiness one would experience form a negative major life event such as divorce.Section BDirections: Complete the passage with the words given in the table. Each word can be used onlyonce. There is an extra one that you will find no use for.Can Indoor Plants Really Purify the Air?Plants are very important to human life. Through photosynthesis (光合作用), they transform carbon dioxide into fresh oxygen. They are said to ___31___ toxins from the air we breathe — but is this true?One famous NASA experiment, published in 1989, found that indoor plants can clean the air by removing cancer-causing pollutants like formaldehyde and benzene. Later research has found that soil micro-organisms in potted plants also play a part in cleaning indoor air.Based on this research, some scientists say house plants are ___32___ air purifiers, and the bigger and leafier the plant, the better. “The amount of leaf surface area can ___33___ the rate of air purification,” says Bill Wolverton, a former NASA research scientist who conducted that 1989 plant study.Other experts, however, say the ___34___ that plants can effectively accomplish this feat is far from conclusive.“There are no definitive studies to show that having indoor plants can ___35___ increase the air quality in your home,” says Luz Claudio, a professor of environmental medici ne and public health at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai. There’s no question that plants are capable of removing volatile chemical toxins from the air “under laboratory conditions,” according to Claudio. But in the real world — in your home or in your office space — the notion that putting a few plants together can ___36___ your air doesn’t have much hard science to back it up.Most research efforts to date, including the NASA study, placed indoor plants in small, sealed environments in order to ___37___ how much air-purifying power they have. But those studies aren’t really ___38___ to what happens in a house, says Stanley Kays, a professor of horticulture at the University of Georgia.In many cases, the air in your home ___39___ turns over — that is, exchanges places with outdoor air —once every hour. “In most instances, air exchange with the outside has a far greatereffect on indoor air quality than plants,” Kays says.Many people may be disappointed by what Kays said, but the professor also made it clear that he believes house plants are ___40___ — they are not only pleasant living companions, but also provide a number of health benefits. Studies have shown plants can knock out stress by calming the sympathetic nervous system, and can also make people feel happier. More research shows spending time around nature has a positive effect on a person’s mood and energy levels.Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.He is kindlyThe other evening at a dancing club a young man introduced me to Mr. and Mrs. F. Scott Fitzgerald, and Scott seemed to have changed a lot from the first time I met him at Princeton, when he was an eager undergraduate trying his best to __31__ himself into a great author. He is still trying hard to be a great author. He is at work now on a novel which his wife __32__ me is far better than This Side of Paradise, but like most of our younger novelists he finds it __33__ to produce a certain number of short stories to make the wheels go around. That The Vegetable, his play, did not receive a Manhattan presentation seems to have disappointed rather than discouraged him. He is still __34__ light-hearted.I have always considered him the most brilliant of our younger novelists. Not one of them can tough his style, nor the superb quality of his satire(讽刺). He has yet to put them in a novel with carefulness of conception and __35__ of character. He can become almost any kind of writer that his peculiarly restless character will __36__.Born in St. Paul, he attended Princeton, served in the Army, wrote his first novel in a trainingcamp, achieved fame and fortune, married a Southern girl, has a child and lives in New York. At heart, he is one of the kindliest of the younger writers. Artistry means a great deal to F. Scott Fizgerald, and into his own best work he __37__ great efforts. He demands this in the work of others, and when he does not find it he criticizes with passionate earnestness. I have known him, after reading a young fellow-novelist’s book, to take what must have been hours of time to write him a lengthy, careful __38__.Just what he will write in the future remains __39__. With a firmer reputation than that of the other young people, he yet seems to me to have achieved rather less than Robert Nathan and rather more than Stephen Vincent Benet, Cyril Hume. His coming novel should mean a definite prediction for future work. It is to be hoped that from it will be __40__ the seemingly unavoidable modern girls.Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Parents have been concerned about their kids’use of technology since the dawn of technology—or at least since the invention of the transistor radio in the 1950s. today, technology is everywhere, and kids are growing up___31___to their smartphones, tablets and laptops in ways that 50s moms and dads could never have dreamed of. Parental concern has grown along with this tech__32___. But now, even those in the industry are wondering if technology has taken a truly__33___hold on all of us ---and especially children.No less than Melinda Gates, wife of Microsoft founder Bill Gats, wrote an editorial in the Washington Post last summer expressing regret for the Pandora’s Box she and her husband helped open. “I spent my career in technology. I wasn’t prepared for its effect on my kids.” She wrote. “Phones and apps aren’t good or bad by themselves, but for adolescents who don’t’ yet have the。

(满分140分，考试时间120分钟)Ⅰ. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections:In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard1. A. He is angry.B. He is exhausted.C. He is hungry.D. He is disappointed.2. A. Go over his lessonsB. Attend the partC. Eat out with friendsD. Take the final exam3. A. She is most likely to be arrested.B. She has forgotten to call the police.C. She may have lost her driving license.D. She is lying to the police officer.4. A. Bill broke his promise.B. Mum will probably reward Bill.C. Bill failed in the testD. Mum is worried about Bill’s wor k.5. A. Make a recovery plan.B. Go back to work.C. Drop out of school.D. Quit her present job.6. A. She gave him a lift home again.B. She offered him an extra room.C. She treated him well at her home.D. She spared much time for him.7. A. She doesn't have time to find a new flat.B. She has not paid enough rent in advance.C. She is unlikely to give up the nice flat.D. She wants to decorate the flat during the holiday.8. A. Extreme sports.B. Travel insurance.C. Bungee jumping.D. Diving safety.9. A. She likes Phillips singing very much.B. She appreciates other kinds of musicals.C. She enjoys the changes of his musicalsD. She admires other singers more than Phillips.10. A. American students are too talkative in class.B. It is hard to learn a lot in an American school.C. One can join in schooling in different ways.D. Active participation is greatly encouraged.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear several longer conversation(s) and short passage(s), and you will be asked several questions on each of the conversation(s) and the passage(s). The conversation(s) and the passage(s) will be read twice, but ne questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. One should wait for things to happen before leaving.B. One should remain silent when things are getting hard.C. One should try to take control of the difficult situationD. One should turn to other people for instant help12. A. By motivating himself to take action.B. By seeking help from his friend.C. By thinking of the meaning of lifeD. By taking good care of himself.13. A. Life is not always peaceful and it is full of terrible accidents.B. Keep a positive attitude and focus on survival whatever happensC. Advanced equipment is the essential factor in surviving crisesD. Be ready to get immediate assistance when lost in the jungle Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. In 1969.B. In 2012.C. In 1976.D. In2016.15. A. Suggested creating a university of science and technology in Egypt.B. Helped many Egyptian scientists to be awarded the Nobel Prize.C. Developed cooperation with the University of California in the U.S.D. Provided excellent Egyptian students with more financial support.16. A. For his relationship with Egyptian President.B. For his academic performance in technology.C. For his good service in the Egyptian Army.D. For his outstanding contributions to Egypt.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. It offers different opinions on old age.B. It is about how to keep healthy in old age.C. It investigates the causes of the aging problem.D. It reveals the secrets of living longer.18. A. The old are thought to be healthy but lonely.B. The old are reported to be poor but happy.C. The old are regarded as an unattractive group.D. The old are considered dangerous to the society.19. A. They are easy to fall down with serious illness.B. They enjoy traveling and getting new experiences.C. They are difficult to be recognized due to the changes.D. They have no more mental problems than the middle-aged.20. A. Raise people's awareness of caring for the old.B. Help people take their responsibilities for the old.C. Change people’s attitude towards the aged group.D. Ease people's fear and anxiety about growing old.Ⅱ. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.A Great FriendshipThomas Jefferson and James Madison met in 1776. Could it have been any other year? They worked together and started to further American Revolution and later to shapethe official new plan of the government.21 (develop) a close friendship, which lasted for 50 years. There were22 (share) purposes and a common end on both sides. Four and a half months 23 he died, when he was ill and worried about his family, Jefferson wrote to his longtime friend. His words and Madison's reply remind us that friends are friends till death."The friendship which _ 24 (exist)between us for half a century, the harmony of our political principles an pursuits have been sources of constant happiness to me through that long period. it's also been a great comfort to me 25 (believe)that you are engaged in vindicating(证实)to the younger generation the course that we've pursued for preserving to them. If ever the earth has noticed a system of administration conducted with 26 single and keen eye to the generalinterest and happiness of those committed to, it must be the system protected by truth,to_ 27 _ our lives have been devoted. To myself, you have been a great supporter throughout life. Take care of me when dead and be assured that I should leave with you my last affections.”A week later, Madison replied.“You cannot look back 28 _ the long period of our private friendship and political harmony with more affecting recollections than I do. __29_ they are a source of pleasure to you, they are the same to me. We cannot be deprived(失去)of the happy consciousness of the pure devotion to the public goodand I have confidence30 sufficient evidence will find its way to another generation to ensure, after we are gone, whatever of justice may be withheld while we are here.”Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word canbe used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.He Is KindlyThe other evening at a dancing club a young man introduced me to Mr. and Mrs. F. Scott Fitzgerald, and Scott seemed not to have changed from the first time I met him at Princeton, when he was an eager undergraduate trying his best to _ 31 himself into a great author. He is still trying hard to be a great author. He is at work now on a novel which his wife 32 far better than This Side of Paradise, but like most of our younger novelists, he finds it 33 to produce a certain numberof short stories to make the wheels go around. That The Vegetable, his play, did not receive a Manhattan presentation seems to have disappointed rather than discouraged him. He is still 34 light-hearted.I have always considered him the most brilliant of our younger novelists. No one else can touch his style, nor the superb quality of his satire(讽刺). He has yet toput them in a novel with carefulness of conception and 35 of character. He can become almost any kind of writer that his peculiarly restless character will 36 .Born in St. Paul, he attended Princeton, served in the Army, wrote his first novelin a training camp, achieved fame and fortune, married a Southern girl, has a child and lives in New York. At heart, he is one of the kindliest of the younger writers Artistry means a great deal to F. Scott Fizgerald, and into his own best work he 37 great efforts. He demands this in the work of others, and when he does not find it,he criticizes with passionate earnestness. I have known him, after reading a young fellow-novelist's book, to take what must have been hours of time to write him a lengthy, careful_ 38 .Just what he will write in the future remains_ 39 . With a firmer reputation than that of the other young people, he yet seems to me to have achieved rather less than Robert Nathan and rather more than Stephen Vincent Benet, Cyril Hume. His coming novel should mean a definite prediction for future work. It is to be hoped that fromit will be 40 the seemingly unavoidable modern girls.Ⅲ. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Standards for Schools: Developing Organizational Accountability(绩效)Quality teaching depends on teachers' knowledge and skills but on the environmentin which they work. Schools need to offer a coherent c m focused on higher-order thinking and performance across subject areas and grades, time for teachers to work 41 with students to accomplish challenging goals, opportunities for teachers to plan with and learn from one another, and regular occasions to evaluate the outcomesof their 42 .If schools are to become more responsible, they must, like other professional organizations, make evaluation and assessment part of their everyday lives. Just ashospitals have standing committees of staff that meet regularly to look at evaluation data and discuss the 43 of each aspect of their work-a practice reinforced by their accreditation( if i) requirements,---schools must have such regular occasionsto examine their practice and effectiveness.As Richard Rothstein and his colleagues describe in Grading Education: Getting Accountability Right,school-level accountability can be supported by school _ 44 , like those common in many other nations, in which trained experts evaluate schoolsby spending several days visiting classrooms, 45 samples of student work, and interviewing students about their understanding and their experiences, 46 looking at objective data such as test scores, graduation rates, and so on. In some cases, principals accompany the inspectors into classrooms and are asked for their own evaluations of the lessons. In this way, the inspectors are able to make _ 47 about the instructional and supervisory competence(能力)of principals. As described earlier, inspectors may also play a role in ensuring the 48 and comparabilityof school-based assessments(as in England and Australia), as well as schools internal assessment and evaluation process(as in Hong Kong).I n most countries’ inspection systems, schools are rated on the quality of instruction and other services and supports, as well as students’ 49 and progress in a wide range of aspects, including and going beyond academic subject areas, such as extra-curricular, personal and social_ 50 , the acquisition of workplace skills and the 51 to which students are encouraged to adopt safe practices anda 52 lifestyle. Schools are rated as to whether they pass inspection, need modest improvements, or require serious intervention(介入), and they receive extensive feedbackon what the inspections both saw and _ 53_ . Reports are publicly posted. Schools requiring intervention are then given more expert 54 and support, and are placed on a more frequent schedule of visits. Those that persistently fail to pass may be placed under local government control and could be_ 55 if they are not improved.41. A. occasionally B. closely C. strictly D. peacefully42. A. challenges B. competence C. curriculum D. practices43. A. effectiveness B. faults C. progress D. requirements44. A. instruction B. protection C. inspection D. consideration45. A. taking B. improving C. examining D.copying46. A. as far as B. rather than C. other than D. as well as47. A. judgments B. decisions C. inquiries D. suggestions48. A. quantity B. quality C. instruction D.support49. A. education B. performance C. attention D.interest50. A. responsibility B. structure C. resources D. benefits51. A. frequency B. cons C. satisfaction D. extent52. A. comparable B. health C. different D. unique53. A. appreciated B. criticized C. recommended D. rewarded54. A. attention B. programs C. evaluation D. explanations55. A. set down B. put down C. closed down D. pulled downSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given inthe passage you have just read.(A)NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC NEWSWarning from ExpertsA growing amount of human- made orbital debris(太空轨道残骸)---from rocket stages and out-of-date satellites---- is circling the Earth. Scientists say the orbital debris, better known as space junk, poses an increasing threat to space activities. “This is a growing environmental problem,”said Nicholas Johnson, the chief scientist and program manager for orbital debris at NASA(美国航空航天局) in Houston, Texas.Johnson and his team have developed a computer model capable of simulating past and future amounts of space junk. The model predicts that even without future rocket or satellite launches, the amount of debris in low orbit around Earth will steady through 2055, after which it will increase. While current efforts have focused on limiting future space junk, these scientists say removing large pieces of old space junk will soon be necessary.Since the first launch of satellite in 1957, humans have been generating space junk. The U.S. Space Surveillance Network is currently tracking over 13,000 human-made objects larger than ten centimeters in diameter orbiting the Earth. “Of the 13,000 objects, over 40 percent came from breakups of both spacecraft and rocket bodies,” Johnson said. In addition, there are hundreds of thousands of smaller objects in space. These include everything from pieces of plastic to bits of paint. Much of this smaller junk has come from exploding rocket stages. Stages are sections of a rocket that have their own fuel or engines.These objects travel at speeds over 35,000 kilometers an hour. At such high speed, even small junk can tear holes in a spacecraft or disable a satellite by causing electrical shorts that result from clouds of superheated gas.Johnson believes it may be time to think about how to remove junk from space.Previous proposals range from sending up spacecrafts to grab junk and bring it down to using lasers to slow an objects orbit to cause it to fall back to Earth more quickly. Given current technology, those proposals appear neither technically nor economically practical, “Space junk is like any environmental problem,” Johnson admits. “I t’s growing. If you don’t deal with it now, it will only become worse, and the solutions in the future are going to be even more costly.”56. What is this passage mainly talking about?A. Advanced technology is used to remove space junk.B. NASA is responsible for the environmental problem.C. Cleaning up the space junk is greatly needed.D. Human activities generate much orbital debris.57. Which of the following is not mentioned in the passage?A. Rocket launches produce more debris than satellite launches.B. Space junk is endangering human beings' space activities.C. It's necessary to clean up the large pieces of old space junk.D. Even a tiny piece of space junk can destroy a spacecraft58. What does John think of the previous proposals to grab space junk and bring it down to the earth?A. Reasonable.B. Unbelievable.C. Reliable.D. Impractical.(B)ABC News: Parents who want to pick up their kids at school in one New Jersey district now can submit to iris(虹膜)scans, as the technology that helps keep our nation’s airports and hotels safe begins to make its way further into American lives.this high-techsecurity system on Monday with fundingfrom the Department of Justice as part of a study onthe system’s effectiveness.As many as four adults can be authorized to pickup each child in the district, order to be authorizedto come into school, they will be asked to registerwith the district’s iris recognition security and visitor management system. At thispoint, the New Jersey program is not a must.If someone tries to slip in behind an authorized person, the system causes analarm and red flashing lights in the front office. The entire process takes justseconds.This kind of technology is already at work in airports around the country likeOrlando International Airport, where the program has been in operation since July.It has 12,000 subscribers who pay $79.95 for the convenience of submitting to irisscans rather than going through lengthy security checks.An iris scan is said to be more accurate than a fingerprint because it records240 unique details- far more than the seven to twenty-four details that are analyzedin fingerprints. The chances of being misidentified by an iris scan are about onein 1.2 million and just one in 1. 44 trillion if you scan both eyes.Phil Meara, the Freehold District official, said that although it was expensive,the program would help schools across the country move into a new frontier in childprotection. “This is all part of a larger emphasis, here in New Jersey, on school,he said, We chose this school because we were looking for a typical slightly urbanschool to launch the system.”Meara applied for a $369,000 grant on behalf of the school district and had theeye scanners installed in two grammar schools and one middle school. So far, 300 ofthe nearly 1, 500 individuals available to pick up a student from school haveregistered for the eye scan system.59. Why does the Freehold Borough School District adopt the iris security system?A. To ensure the school safety and efficiency of picking up children.B. To encourage more students to register in New Jersey urban schools.C. To test the effectiveness of school security and management system.D. To collect the information of the children and their beloved parents.60. What's the advantage of the eye scan system over fingerprints?A. Having many more subscribers throughout the country.B. Authorizing the adults to pick up children more flexibly.C. Attracting parents in a larger proportion to register for it.D. Making almost no mistakes in identifying the authorized.61. How does Phil Meara help to ensure the safety of children?A. By persuading people to register with the security system.B. By applying for grant to install eye scanners in schools.C. By asking the department of justice to fund the program.D. By turning to Orlando International Airport for help.62. What is the best title of this passage?A. Parents Favor the Eye Scan System.B. Security Management Needs Improving.C. High Technology Comes to School.D. Iris Scanners Are Invented in the Country.(C)Dusty Nash, an angelic-looking blond child of seven, awoke at 5 one recent morning in his Chicago home and began to throw a fit. He cried and kicked. Every muscle in his 50-lb. body flew in violent motion. Finally, after about 30 minutes, Dusty pulled himself together sufficiently to head downstairs for breakfast. While his mother was busy in the kitchen, the extremely excited child pulled a box of Kix cereal from the cupboard and sat on a chair.But sitting still was not easy this morning. After grabbing some cereal with his hands, he began kicking the box, scattering little round corn puffs across the room. Next he turned his attention to the TV set, or rather, the table supporting it. The table was covered with a check-board con-tact paper, and Dusty began peeling it off.Then he became interested in the spilled cereal and started smashing it into bits.It was only 7: 30, and his mother Kyle Nash, who teaches a medical-school course on death and dying, was already feeling half dead from exhaustion. Dusty was to see his doctors that day at 4, and they had asked her not to give the boy the drug he usually takes to control his extreme excitement and attention problems, a condition known as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD). It was going to be a very long day without help from Ritain, a powerful drug which some people take for pleasure, but which they can become addicted to.Karenne Bloomgarden remembers such days all too well. The spirited, 43-year-old boss and gym teacher was a disaster as a child growing up in New Jersey. “I did very poorly in school,” she recalls. Her teachers and parents were constantly on her case for tough behavior. “They j ust felt I was being bad--- too loud, too physical, too everything.” A naughty tomboy with few friends, she saw a psychologist at age 10. “but nobody came up with a diagnosis”. As a teenager she began prescribing her own medication: marijuana, and later cocaine.The athletic Bloomgarden managed to get into college, but she admits that she cheated her way to a diploma. “I would study and study, and I wouldn’t remember a thing. I really felt it was my fault.” After graduating, she did fine in physically active jobs but was anxious about administrative work. Then, four years ago, a doctor put a label on her troubles: ADHD. “I t's been such a weigh off my shoulders” says Bloomgarden, who takes both stimulant Ritalin and the antidepressant Zoloft to improve her c oncentration. “I had 38 years of thinking I was a bad person. Now I’m rewriting the tapes of who I thought I was to who I really am.”63. What does the phrase “throw a fit” in the 1st paragraph probably mean?A. turn oneself around casuallyB. fall down to the ground carelesslyC. lose ones temper suddenlyD. shout and complain loudly64. Why did Dusty Nash mess the room?A. He was reluctant to listen to his motherB. He couldn't focus on anything for a while.C. He forgot to take the medicine he usually took.D. He was afraid to see the doctor with his mother.65. The passage is chiefly concerned with .A. the visible symptoms of the disease ADHDB. the precise definition of the disease ADHDC. D usty’s experiences in his childhood and coll egeD. K arenne’s confessing of cheating to get a diploma66. What can be inferred from the passage?A. Dusty went to see his private doctor every week in the past yearsB. D usty’s mother took care of him till he was admitted to a college.C. A psychologist examined Karenne and cured her serious disease.D. Karenne didn't know herself well until she was diagnosed with ADHD. Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.The Minoans: A Forgotten PeopleThe first advanced culture in ancient Greece was the Minoan culture. For thousandsof years, knowledge of these people survived only in Greek myths. In the late 19 h century, archaeologists began to unearth ruins. This inspired Arthur Evans to begin digging on the island of Crete near mainland Greece. On a dig in Kbossos, Evans found an ancient palace Experts think that it was the palace of King Minos, acentral figure in many Greek myths.67 With his team, he uncovered a vast structure, varied works of art, and many hieroglyphic records. These finds, together with later finds, comprise all that experts know about Minoan culture.From the evidence experts gathered, it is clear that the Minoans were ahead of their time. The palace at Knossos was five floors high with hundreds of rooms. Buildings throughout the ancient city had plumbing and flush toilets. Stone pavement lined the surfaces of the roads. In addition, the Minoans possessed a highly developed naval fleet for long-distance trade. 68 These records confirm the central role of commerce in culture.Their analysis of the evidence also offers insight into some aspects of Minoan society.69 Ruins and artwork suggest that people of all classes enjoyed a high degree of social and gender equality. Religious icons(图符)show that Minoans worshiped bulls, the natural world, and many female gods.An unusual feature of Minoans culture was the pursuit of leisure interests. Sport and visual arts were central to Minoan life. Boxing and bull jumping, a sport in which players jumped over live bulls, were popular. Although bull jumping may have served some ritual purpose, experts believe that it was done mostly for fun. Similarly, although some works of art showed political and religious themes, other works served only as pleasant decor(装饰品). 70The Minoans met their demise after a series of natural disasters. Experts believe that group from the Greek mainland capitalized on these events and looked over the island.IV. Summary WritingDirections:Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the mainpoint(s)of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.The Conflict of the OrdersThe types of people who served as officials in the Roman government changed over time. These changes stemmed from the attempts of common people to more rights. The struggles became known as the Conflict of the Orders.In the early republic, Romans were divided into two classes of people: patricians and plebeians. Patricians were powerful landowners who controlled the government. As nobles, they inherited their power. Plebeians, who made up most of the population, were mainly farmers and workers. For many years, plebeians had few rights. They could vote, but they were barred from holding most public offices. Plebeians could not even know Roman laws because laws were not written down. In court, a judge stated and applied the law, but only patricians served as judges.Over time, plebeians increased their power through demand and strikes. They gained the right to join the army, hold government office, form their own assembly, and elect leaders. In one of their greatest victories, they forced the government to write down the laws of the Roman Republic. In about 450, B.C. the Romans engraved their laws on tablets called the Twelve Tables. The laws were placed in the Forum, the chief public square, for all to view.The first plebeians were appointed to the government in the late 400s B.C. After 342 B. C, a plebeian always held one of the consul positions. By about 300 B. C. many plebeians had become so powerful and wealthy themselves that they joined with patricians to form the Roman nobility. From that time on, the distinction between patricians and plebeians was not as important. Membership in the nobility was still very important, however, since government officials were not paid a salary only wealthy nobles could afford to hold office. Thus, the nobles still controlled the republic.V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72.我们必须尽快适应新环境。

Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)Here‘s the scary thing about the identity-theft ring that the feds cracked last week: there was nothing any of its estimated 40,000 victims could have done to prevent it from happening. This was an inside job, according to court documents. A lowly help-desk worker at Teledata Communications, a software firm that helps banks access credit reports online, allegedly (据说）stole passwords for those reports and sold them to a group of 20 thieves at $60 a pop. That allowed the gang to cherry-pick consumers with good credit and apply for all kinds of accounts in their names. Cost to the victims: $3 million and rising.Even scarier is that this, the largest identity-theft bust to date, is just a drop in the bit bucket. More than 700,000 Americans hav e their credit hijacked every year. It‘s one of crime‘s biggest growth markets. A name, address and Social Security number--which can often be found on the Web--is all anybody needs to apply for a bogus（伪造的）line of credit. Credit companies make $1.3 trillion annually and lose less than 2% of that revenue（收入）to fraud, so there‘s little financial incentive for them to make the application process more secure. As it stands now, it‘s up to you to protect your identity.The good news is that there are plenty of steps you can take. Most credit thieves are opportunists, not well-organized gangs. A lot of them go Dumpster diving for those millions of ―pre-approved‖ credit-card mailings that go out every day. Others steal wallets and return them, taking only a Social Security number. Shredding your junk mail and leaving your Social Security card at home can save a lot of agony later.But the most effective way to keep your identity clean is to check your credit reports once or twice a year. There are three major credit-report outfits: Equifax (at ), Trans-Union () and Experian (). All allow you to order reports online, which is a lot better than wading through voice-mail hell on their 800 lines. Of the three, I found TransUnion‘s website to be the cheapest and most comprehensive--laying out state-by-state prices,rights and tips for consumers in easy-to-read fashion.If you‘re lucky enough to live in Colorado, Georgia, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Jersey or Vermont, you are entit led to one free report a year by law. Otherwise it‘s going to cost $8 to $14 each time. Avoid services that offer to monitor your reports year-round for about $70; that‘s $10 more than the going rate among thieves. If you think you‘re a victim of identity theft, you can ask for fraud alerts to be put on file at each of the three credit-report companies. You can also download a theft-report form at /idtheft, which, along with a local police report, should help when irate creditors come knocki ng. Just don‘t expect justice. That audacious help-desk worker was one of the fewer than 2% of identity thieves who are ever caught.63. The expression ―inside job‖(Line 2, Paragraph 1) most probably means ___________.A. a crime committed by a person working for the victimB. a crime that should be punished severelyC. a crime that does great harm to the victimD. a crime that poses a great threat to the society64. You can protect your identity in the following way except ___________.A. destroying your junk mailB. leaving your Social Security card at homeC. visiting the credit-report website regularlyD. obtaining the free report from the government65. It is easy to have credit-theft because ____________.A. More people are using credit serviceB. The application program is not safe enoughC. Creditors usually disclose their identityD. Creditors are not careful about their identity66. The best title of the text is ____________.A. The danger of credit-theftB. The loss of the creditorsC. How to protect your good nameD. Why the creditors lose their identity Keys: 63-66: A D B CSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions orunfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)All across America, students are anxiously finishing their "What I Want To Be .." college applicationessays, advised to focus on STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) by experts and parents who insist that's the only way to become workforce ready. But two recent studies of workplace success contradict the traditional wisdom about "hard skills".Google originally set its hiring systems to sort for computer science students with top grades from top science universities. In 2013, Google decided to test its hiring theory by quickly dealing with large amounts hiring, firing, and promotion data collected since the company's establishment.Project Oxygen shocked everyone by concluding that, among the eight most important qualities ofGoogle's top employees, STEM capability comes in dead last. The seven top characteristics of success atGoogle are all soft skills: being a good coach; communicating and listening well; possessing comprehensioninto others, being supportive of one's colleagues; being a good critical thinker and problem solver, and beingable to make connections across complex ideas.Those characteristics sound more like what one gains as an English or theater major than as a programmer.Could it be that top Google employees were succeeding despite their technical training, not because ofit? After bringing in more experts to dive even deeper into the data, the company enlarged its previous hiringpractices to include humanities majors, artists, and even the MBAs (Master of Business Administration).Project Aristotle, a study released by Google this past spring, further supports the importance of soft skillseven in high-tech environments. Project Aristotle analyzes data on inventive and productive teams. Googletakes pride in its A-teams, assembled with top scientists, each with the most specialized knowledge and able tothrow down one creative idea after another. Its data analysis revealed, however, that the company's mostimportant and productive new ideas come from B-teams comprised of employees who don't always have to bethe smartest people in the room.Project Aristotle shows that the best teams at Google exhibit a range of soft skills: equality, generosity,curiosity toward the ideas of your teammates, understanding, and emotional intelligence. And topping the list:emotional safety. To succeed, each and every team member mustfeel confident speaking up and makingmistakes. They must know they are being heard.STEM skills are vital to the world we live in today, but technology alone, as Steve Jobs famously insisted,is not enough. We desperately need those who are educated to the human, cultural, and social as well as thecomputational.63. The underlined word:―contradict‖most probably means ―____________‖.A. add toB. back upC. bring aboutD. conflict with64. Google conducted the studies of workplace success in order to ____________.A. determine what makes a workplace-ready studentB. check whether its hiring system serves the purposeC. prove soft skills are more important than hard onesD.impress its competitors with the employees‘ excellence65. What can be inferred from Project Aristotle?A. Emotional safety enables people to express themselves freely.B. Listening and hearing helps develop problem-solving abilities.C. L earning from mistakes doesn‘t necessarily mean improvement.D. Those without specialized knowledge can also make inventions.66. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?A. STEM skills our society needs for better educationB. The principal focus students have on application essaysC. The surprising thing Google learned about its employeesD. The soft skills Google programmers lack for career growthKeys:63-66: DAADSection CDirections：Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.(C)―Two centuries ago, Lewis and Clark left St. Louis to explore the new lands acquired in the Louisiana Purchase,”George W. Bush said, announcing his desire for a program to send men andwomen to Mars. ―They made that journey in the spirit of discovery. America has ventured forth into space for the same reasons.‖Yet there are vital differences between Lewis and Clark‘s expedition and a Mars mission. First, they were headed to a place where hundreds of thousands of people were already living. Second, they were certain to discover places and things of immediate value to the new nation. Third, their venture cost next to nothing by today‘s standards. A Mars mission may be the single most expensive non-wartime undertaking in U.S. history.Appealing as the thought of travel to Mars is, it does not mean the journey makes sense, even considering the human calling to explore. And Mars as a destination for people makes absolutely no sense with current technology.Present system for getting from Earth‘s surface to low-Earth orbit are so fantastically expensive that merely launching the 1,000 tons or so of spacecraft and equipment a Mars mission would require could be accomplished only by cutting health-care benefits, education spending, or other important programs --- or by raising taxes. Absent some remarkable discovery, astronauts, geologists, and biologists once on Mars could do little more than analyze rocks and feel awestruck （敬畏的）staring into the sky of another world. Yet rocks can be analyzed by automated probes without risk to human life, and at a tiny fraction of the cost of sending people.It is interesting to note that when President Bush unveiled his proposal, he listed these recent major achievements of space exploration pictures of evidence of water on Mars, discovery of more than 100 planets outside our solar system, and study of the soil of Mars. All these accomplishments came from automated probes or automated space telescopes. Bush‘s proposal, which calls for“reprogramming”some of NASA‘s present budget into the Mars effort, might actually lead to a reduction in such unmanned science --- the one aspect of space exploration that‘s working really well.Rather than spend hundreds of billions of dollars to hurl tons toward Mars using current technology, why not take a decade or two or however much time is required researching new launch systems and advanced propulsion（推进力）? If new launch systems could put weight into orbit affordably, and advanced propulsion could speed up that long, slow transit to Mars, the dream of stepping onto the red planet might become reality. Mars will still be there when the technology is ready.63. What do Lewis and Clark‘s expedition and a Mars mission have in common?A. Instant value.B. Human inhabitance.C. Venture cost.D. Exploring spirit.64. Bush‘s proposal is challenged for the following reas ons except that __________.A. its expenditure is too huge for the government to afford.B. American people‘s well-being will suffer a lot if it is implementedC. great achievements have already been made in Mars exploration in AmericaD. unmanned Mars exploration sounds more practical and economical for the moment65. Which cannot be concluded from the passage?A. Going to Mars using current technology is quite unrealistic.B. A Mars mission will in turn promote the development of unmanned program.C. Bush‘s proposal is based on three recent great achievements of space exploration.D. The achievements in place exploration show how well unmanned science has developed.66. What is the main idea of the passage?A. Risky as it is, a Mars mission helps to re tain America‘s position as a technological leader.B. A Mars mission is so costly that it may lead to an economic disaster in America.C. Someday people may go to Mars but not until it makes technological sense.D. A Mars mission is unnecessary since the s cientists once there won‘t make great discoveries. Keys:63-66 DCBCSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)Dusty Nash, an angelic-looking blond child of seven, awoke at 5 one recent morning in his Chicago home and began to throw a fit. He cried and kicked. Every muscle in his 50-lb. body flew in violent motion. Finally, after about 30 minutes, Dusty pulled himself together sufficiently to head downstairs for breakfast. While his mother was busy in the kitchen, the extremely excitedchild pulled a box of Kix cereal from the cupboard and sat on a chair.But sitting still was not easy this morning. After grabbing some cereal with his hands, he began kicking the box, scattering little round corn puffs across the room. Next he turned his attention to the TV set, or rather, the table supporting it. The table was covered with a check-board con-tact paper, and Dusty began peeling it off. Then he became interested in the spilled cereal and started smashing it into bits.It was only 7: 30, and his mother Kyle Nash, who teaches a medical-school course on death and dying, was already feeling half dead from exhaustion. Dusty was to see his doctors that day at 4, and they had asked her not to give the boy the drug he usually takes to control his extreme excitement and attention problems, a condition known as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD). It was going to be a very long day without help from Ritain, a powerful drug which some people take for pleasure, but which they can become addicted to.Karenne Bloomgarden remembers such days all too well. The spirited, 43-year-old boss and gym teacher was a disaster as a child growing up in New Jersey. ―I did very poorly in school,‖ she recalls. Her teachers and parents were constantly on her case for tough behavior. ―They just felt I was being bad--- too loud, too physical, too everything.‖ A naughty tomboy with few friends, she saw a psychologist at age 10. ―but nobody came up with a diagnosis‖. As a teenager she began prescribing her own medication: marijuana, and later cocaine.The athletic Bloomgarden managed to get into college, but she admits that she cheated her way to a diploma. ―I would study and study, and I wouldn‘t remember a thing. I really felt it was my fault.‖ After graduating, she did fine in physically active jobs but was anxious about administrative work. Then, four years ago, a doctor put a label on her troubles: ADHD. ―It's been such a weigh off my shoulders‖ says Bloomgarden, who takes both stimulant Ritalin and the antidepressant Zoloft to improve her concentration. ―I had 38 years of thinking I was a bad person. Now I‘m rewriting the ta pes of who I thought I was to who I really am.‖63. What does the phrase―throw a fit‖in the 1st paragraph probably mean?A. turn oneself around casuallyB. fall down to the ground carelesslyC. lose ones temper suddenlyD. shout and complain loudly64. Why did Dusty Nash mess the room?A. He was reluctant to listen to his motherB. He couldn't focus on anything for a while.C. He forgot to take the medicine he usually took.D. He was afraid to see the doctor with his mother.65. The passage is chiefly concerned with .A. the visible symptoms of the disease ADHDB. the precise definition of the disease ADHDC. D usty‘s experiences in his childhood and collegeD. K arenne‘s confessing of cheating to get a diploma66. What can be inferred from the passage?A. Dusty went to see his private doctor every week in the past yearsB. D usty‘s mother took care of him till he was admitted to a college.C. A psychologist examined Karenne and cured her serious disease.D. Karenne didn't know herself well until she was diagnosed with ADHD.Keys: 63-66 CBADSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)Earlier this year a series of papers in The Lancet reported that 85 percent of the $265 billion spent each year on medical research is wasted because too often absolutely nothing happens after initial results of a study are published. No follow-up investigations to replicate(复制) or expand on a discovery. No one uses the findings to build new technologies.The problem is not just what happens after publication —scientists often have trouble choosing the right questions and properly designing studies to answer them. Too many studies test too few subjects to arrive at firm conclusions. Researchers publish reports on hundreds oftreatments for diseases that work in animal models but not in humans. Drug companies find themselves unable to reproduce promising drug targets published by the best academic institutions. The growing recognition that something has gone wrong in the laboratory has led to calls for, as one might guess, more research on research — attempts to find rules to ensure that peer-reviewed studies are, in fact, valid.It will take a concerted effort by scientists and other stakeholders to fix this problem. We can do so by exploring ways to make scientific investigation more reliable and efficient. These may include collaborative team science, study registration, stronger study designs and statistical tools, and better peer review, along with making scientific data widely available so that others can replicate experiments, therefore building trust in the conclusions of those studies.Reproducing other scientists‘ analyses or replicating their resul ts has too often in the past been looked down on with a kind of ―me-too‖ derision(嘲笑) that would waste resources — but often they may help avoid false leads that would have been even more wasteful. Perhaps the biggest obstacle to replication is the inaccessibility of data and results necessary to rerun the analyses that went into the original experiments. Searching for such information can be extremely difficult. Investigators die, move and change jobs; computers crash; online links malfunction. Data are sometimes lost — even, as one researcher claimed when confronted about spurious(伪造的) results, eaten by termites(白蚁).There has definitely been some recent progress. An increasing number of journals, including Nature and Science, have adopted measures such as checklists for study design and reporting while improving statistical review and encouraging access to data. Several funding agencies, meanwhile, have asked that researchers outline their plans for sharing data before they c an receive a government grant.But it will take much more to achieve a lasting culture change. Investigators should be rewarded for performing good science rather than just getting statistically significant (―positive‖) but nonreplicable results. Revising the present incentive(激励) structure may require changes on the part of journals, funders, universities and other research institutions.63. Whatis the problem reported in those papers in The Lancet?A. Great achievements in medical research failed to get published.B. Money was wasted on follow-up investigations in medical research.C. Too many new research findings are not put into use after publication.D. Few scientists are devoted to building new technologies for mankind.64. Which of the following situation is most similar to the problem described in paragraph 2?A. A high school decides to cut its art programs due to the lack of fund.B. A patient gets sicker because he does not follow the doctor‘s advice.C. A marketing firm tests a website with participants that are not target population.D. A drug company fails to produce the new drug due to no access to the latest data.65. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?A. Measures are taken to ensure publication of tested results only.B. Scientific experiments must be replicable to be considered valid.C. Experiment replication is unoriginal and not worthwhile.D. Rewards should be given only to those nonreplicable findings.66. Thepurposeof this article is to ___________.A. argue that scientific research lacks efficiencyB. explain the result of a recent scientific studyC. introducesome recent progress in medicalresearchD. highlight the possible problems of research studiesKeys: 63-66 CCBDSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.COf all the components of a good night‘s sleep, dreams seem to be least within our control. In dreams, a window opens into a world where logic is suspended and dead people speak. A century ago, Freud stated his revolutionary theory that dreams were the disguised (伪装的)shadows of our unconscious desires and fears: by the late 1970se neurologists had switched to thinking of them as just "mental noise"—the random byproducts of the neural-repair work that goes on during sleep. Now researchers suspect that dreams are part of the minds emotional thermostat, regulatingmoods while the brain is "off-line". And one leading authority says that these intensely powerful mental events can be not only influenced but actually brought under conscious control, to help us sleep and feel better. "It's your dream," says Rosalind Cartwright, chair of psychology at Chicago's Medical Center. "If you don't like it change it."The link between dreams and emotions shows up among the patients in Cartwright's clinic. Most people seem to have more bad dreams early in the night, progressing toward happier ones before awakening, suggesting that they are working through negative feelings generated(产生)during the day. Because our conscious mind is occupied with daily life. we don't always think about the emotional significance of the day' s events—until, it appears, we begin to dreams.And this process need not be left to the unconscious. Cartwright believes one can exercise conscious control over repeated bad dreams. As soon as you awaken, identify what is upsetting about the dream. Visualize how you would like it to end instead; the next time it occurs, try to wake up just enough to control its course. With much practice people can learn to, literally, do it in their sleep.At the end of the day, there's probably little reason to pay attention to our dreams at all unless they keep us from sleeping or"we wake up in a panic,"Cartwright says. Terrorism, economic uncertainties and general feelings of insecurity have increased people's anxiety. Those suffering from persistent nightmares should seek help from a therapist. For the rest of us, the brain has its ways of working through bad feeling Sleep—or rather dream—on it and you'll feel better in the morning.63. By saying that "dreams are part of the mind's emotional thermostat" in paragraph 1, theresearchers mean that__________.A. dreams can help us keep our mood comparatively stableB. dreams can be brought under conscious controlC. dreams represent our unconscious desires and fearsD. we can think logically in the dreams too64. The negative feelings generated during the day tend to________.A. become worse in our unconscious mindB develop into happy dreamsC. persist till the time we fall asleepD show up in dreams early at night65. Cartwright believed with much practice, we can lean to__________.A. control what dreams to dreamB. sleep well without any dreamsC. wake up in time to stop the bad dreamsD identify what is upsetting about the dreams66. Cartwright might advise those who sometimes have bad dreams to_________.A. lead their life as usualB. seek professional helpC. exercise conscious controlD. avoid anxiety in the daytimeKeys: 63-66 ADCASection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.C"Monday morning feeling "could be a crushing pain in the chest which leaves you sweating and gasping for breath. Recent research from Germany and Italy shows that heart attacks are more common on Monday mornings and doctors blame the stress of returning to work after the weekend break.he risk of having a heart attack on any given day should be one in seven, but a six-year study helped by researchers at the Free University of Berlin of more than 2, 600 Germans revealed that the average person had a 20 percent higher chance of having a heart attack on a Monday than on any other day.Working Germans are particularly not protected against attack, with a 33 per cent higher risk at the beginning of the working week. Non-workers, by comparison, appear to be no more at risk on a Monday than any other day.A study of 11,000 Italians proved 8 am on a Monday morning as the most stressful time forthe heart, and both studies showed that Sunday is the least stressful day, with fewer heart attacks in both countries.The findings could lead to a better understanding of what is the immediate cause of heart attacks, according to Dr. Stefan Willich of the Free University. "We know a lot about long-term risk factors such as smoking and cholesterol (胆固醇)but we don't know what actually causes heart attacks, so we can 't make specific recommendations about how to prevent them," he said.Monday mornings have a double helping of stress for the working body as it makes a rapid change from sleep to activity, and from the relaxing weekend to the pressures of work. "When people get up, their blood pressure and heart rate go up and there are hormonal(荷尔蒙的) changes in their bodies.‖ Willich explained. ―All these things can have an unfavorable effect in the blood system and increase the risk of a clot(血凝块) in the arteries(动脉) which will cause a heart attack. "When people return to work after a weekend off, the pace of their life changes. They have a higher workload, more stress, more anger and more physical activity," said willich. "We need to know how these events cause changes in the body before we can understand if they cause heart attacks."But although it is tempting to believe that returning to work increases the risk of a heart attack, both Willich and the Italian researchers admit that it is only a partial answer. Both studies showed that the over 65s are also vulnerable on Monday morning even though most no longer work. The reason for this is not clear, but the Italian team speculated that the social interactions-the thought of facing another week and all its pressures—may play a part.What is clear, however, is that the Monday morning peak seems to be consistent from the northernGermany to southern Italy in spite of the differences in diet and lifestyle.63. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A. 20% of the Italians appear to have higher possibility of having heart attacks.B. 33% of the Germans have heart diseases, so heart attacks are more common in Germanythan in any other country.C. The risk of having heart attacks on Monday mornings is the same as on any other day ofthe week to non-workers.D. non-smokers are more likely to have heart attacks on Sundays.64. The over 65s are more likely to suffer from heart attacks on Monday mornings possibly。