《雅思写作论证论据素材大全》

雅思论据大汇总（每天可以背1~3句）Space ResearchPros:1. The oldest and purest of the arguments for space exploration is the advancement of science and technology.2. We will go into space, not to bring back things which make us richer or more comfo rtable here on Earth. We will go there to live and make it our home.3. The exploration to the universe is a high ideal –space truly is the final frontier .4. The instinct to explore is fundamentally human; already some of our most amazing a chievements have taken place in space.5. No one can deny the sense of wonder.6. The exploitation of space has directly changed our world. Satellites orbiting the Earth allow us to communicate instantaneously with people on different continents, and to broadcast to people all over the world.7. Weather satellites save lives by giving advance warning of adverse conditions, and t ogether with other scientific instruments in orbit they have helped us understand our o wn world better.8. Space exploration is an investment in the future. Our world is rapidly running out of resources. Overpopulation could become a serious worldwide threat.9. Space exploration open us new world and adds to our knowledge, enabling human b eing to know more about the universe as well as about the earth.10. Space exploration helps to acquire new resources to mitigate the energy crisis (shor tage). There may be some new kinds of natural resource in other planets.11. Space exploration may find new living places for human being to solve the problem of overpopulation. There is possibility that one day mankind may emigrate to other pla nets.12. Space exploration is necessary for future. If we want to progress in the world then we should continue space exploration.Pros and Cons of TourismPros:1. It is regarded as a pillar of key local economic development.2. The booming tourist industry has created more job openings. Many people have said good-bye to poverty through involvement in tourist businesses.3. The tourist industry has played a positive role in meeting the cultural needs of the public, carrying forward national culture and achieving the sustainable development of r esources.4. Tourism helps to better introduce the country to foreigners and showcase the brillian t history and culture to the outside world.5. Tourism helps to improve the investment environment so as to attract more foreign investors.6. Tourists can take pleasure in the magnificent natural landscape, appreciate the superi or workmanship of ancient artists and enjoy a variety of local delicacies (specialties). M any tourist attractions offer a wealth of historical relics, fascinating scenery and interes ting local culture.7. Tourism helps to promote the catering trade, transportation service and commerce .8. Tourism is the world’s largest and faster growing indus try. According to recent statis tics, tourism provides 10 percent of the world’s income and employs almost one-tenth of world’s workforce. By the year 2010, these numbers will double. All considered, tour ism’s actual and potential economic impact is astounding.9. Tourism encourages the preservation of identify, pride and value in our living conditi ons and the cultural legacy of generations in danger of extinction.10. Tourism contributes to the revival of customs and traditions.11. Tourism brings new money into an area and generates jobs, income and tax reven ues.Cons:1. Contact with and assimilation of other cultures will reduce the uniqueness of one’s o wn culture and make the world less colorful than before.2. Undermine local traditions and ways of life.3. Tourism may cause serious environmental pollution.Museums and GalleriesPurposes:1. Museum and related heritage institutions provide people with an enhanced awareness of our diverse heritage and our place in the world. They promote understanding and a ppreciation of our diverse cultures, landscapes, stories and experiences.2. Museums contribute to the enrichment of the lives of people.3. Guarantee the availability and use of the collections in research and teaching.4. Collections and exhibitions reflect the cultural and social diversity.5. Museums and galleries make an important contribution to education, scholarship, citi zenship , social inclusion and tourism.6. Generally promote the public’s enjoyment and understanding of painting and other fi ne art both by means of the collection and by such other means as they consider appr opriate .How to Support and Develop the Museum and Gallery:1. The government sets up more state funded museums and art school.2. Increase education personnel and facilities in museums and galleries, as well as supp ort schools with the cost of visits.3. We should actively seek to attract additional sources of funding in order to increase the total pool of money available.4. Museums should be taken to raise standards of collection care or management.5. The government should refund those museum and galleries which offer free admissio ns to the public.6. Seek the financial support of corporations , non-profit foundations and individuals wh o share its goal of preserving the cultural legacy of the museums.TV and FilmsPositive Side:1. Television is one of the most important forms of entertainment and communication.2. Television has the power to educate and to entertain.3. There is probably no greater influence on society than the television, which has satu rated our lives.4. Children watch TV to receive the daily news.5. TV plays a big role in a child’s life. It teaches them new words and shows them thi ngs they have never seen before.6. The TV was brought in to our world to give us a new sense of entertainment, world news and endless amounts of information.7. Television can also promote pro-social behavior.8. Television can exert its strongest pro-social influence in the area of learning and cog nitive development.Negative Side:1. A child who often indulges in TV doesn’t know the difference between reality and fan tasy .2. Children have undeveloped minds, which can not conceive the information the same way that adults do.3. Given our national television habit, it is no surprise that we are raising the most sed entary and most overweight generation of youngsters in history.4. The health consequences of this overabundance of TV viewing include an increase in obesity among kids due to a sedentary lifestyle, and the flip side, an increase in dieting disorders due to the unrealistic expectations set up by thin actors on television shows and commercials.AdvertisingFor:1. Advertising promotes and popularizes new products and give people everywhere the maximum choice of products and choice.2. Some advertisements are of high artistic value, original and well-designed with vivid pictures and witty language, artistic photography and witty slogan ; therefore they add to the beauty of our lives. They are a par indispensable to modern society.3. Advertising brings convenience to people’s lives.4. Advertising plays an important role in our economic life and is indispensable to the consumer society.5. It is a kind of visual enjoyment to look at some witty works of advertising which add beauty to the cityscape .Against:1. Some leaflets and handouts are scattered here and there, polluting the environment. They are regarded as rubbish and a blemish on the landscape of the city. They disfigure our cities,2. Advertisements are not always truthful, and a product is often misrepresented , false and deceptive . Many advertisements are fictitious , exaggerating, misleading and flying in the face of truth.3. Advertisements are an insidious form of brainwashing. Some are mislead and tend to induce people to spend more and create demand for things we do not need.4. It is very disturbing that TV programs are interrupted by advertisements, and mailb oxes are stuffed with rubbish. Nuisance to TV viewers: constant interruption spoils the viewing. We can do nothing but accept it passively.Will Computers Replace Human Teachers?1. Computers are cold impersonal devices and they relate to children as though they are machines—without love, care, or feeling.2. Children who use computers will learn to communicate with machines instead of peo ple. There is a risk we will create a generation of social illiterates. There is some truth to the stereotypical―computer nerd‖.3. Teacher-directed learning is underpinned by personal awareness and a focus on stud ents. IT-directed focus is impersonal.4. Within a class of 25 children, there may be 25 variables. These variables are unders tood by teachers but not by computer-generated and controlled programs.5. Classroom teachers become aware of student learning difficulties and foibles .6. Computers present programs that can not be accommodated. Personalized shifts do not happen.7. Computer-generated learning places all students in the group onto the same progra m, at the same point, progressing them as a collective. Individual differences are not r ecognized.8. Having a teacher in the classroom poses many opportunities for the students to lear n life’s basics.9. Having physical teachers in the classrooms is advantageous because they can teachpersonal interaction, reading, and teamwork. And computer cannot teach these things.10. There can be confusion between reality and fantasy, between fact and myth Problems Probably Confronting a freshmanPossible Problems:1. Psychological problems such as loneliness , homesickness and inadaptability.2. Language problems such as inability to understand the local dialect.3. Local foods disagreeable to one’s taste.4. Can not adapt to the climate very well.Suggested Solutions:1. A college orientation session should be held to familiarize the freshmen with the excit ing school life.2. Some special advisory and consultative committees should be established to meet the psychological needs of the new students.3. Seniors students should be called on to offer help to their new younger schoolfellow s.4. Different kinds of foods and accommodation should be available to students from dif ferent places and backgrounds.5. Some campus activities involving new and old students’ participation should be orga nized to familiarize the new with the campus life, such as a welcome party to be held by the school authorities.6. Fresh should try to be independent and self-reliant.7. Keep regular emotional contacts w ith one’s family members and former classmates.8. Active participation in the campus life is essential to removing loneliness and disorien tation.Pocket Money1. Help the children understand the value of money and how to use the money respon sibly.2. The money parents give help the children learn to manage money, and they can un derstand how budgeting, saving and interest work. In this way, they can develop wise spending habits.3. It helps raise a money-savvy child.4. Cultivate a spirit of independence and learning to make decision on one’s own.5. Such goal-setting helps children learn to become responsible for themselves.6. Children are willing learners, and you will find by giving pocket money, you can get them very interested in whole process of building a healthy saving for the future.7. Young children especially enjoy watching the money build up in their piggy banks, a nd they love to take it out and count it. This is a great opportunity to teach your child the different denominations in our currency , and what each coin and bill is worth.8. It is the beast way to introduce your child to the concept of saving.9. Money management is seldom taught in schools; it is up to the parents to educate t heir children in this very important life skill.10. It is a way to help educate children about personal finance and managing money.11. Parents don’t have to worry about being constantly asked to buy things for the kid s.12. Children can learn how and why to save money.To Play, or to Compete?1. Organized sports activities bring damage rather than benefits to children both physic ally and psychologically .2. Physically, as they are still at the stage of developing bodies, hard exercises and to ugh playing will be inappropriate for them.3. Psychologically, winning and losing—the keynote of adult life --- may mean too heav y a burden for children who should have fun and enjoy the game at that age.4. The primary goal of a professional athlete–winning –is not appropriate for children. Their goal should be having fun, learning, and being with friends.5. Children will benefit more from those programs emphasizing fitness, self-esteem, co operation, sportsmanship, and individual performance.6. Besides physical hazards and anxieties, competitive sports pose psychological danger s for children.Nature or Nurture1. Learning is very important in determining who we are.2. You can’t change your genes, but you can choose how to live your life.3. If we take identical twins, and give one the best environment possible, and put the other one in closet for eighteen years, the differences will be profound , and caused tot ally by environmental differences between the two children,4. Identical twins living in parallel universes do not necessarily lead identical lives.5. Environment is more influential.6. There is also substantial proof that an individual’s environment affects his ment al ap titude .7. It is often difficult to separate learning from our biology because we begin learning at the moment we are born.8. Biology certainly determines part of what we are, but we start learning as soon as we are conceived.9. We hardly separate biologically determined behavior from learned behavior.10. Socialization is learning. Socialization refers to all learning regardless of setting or a ge of the individual.11. A person’s entire environment seems to be more effectual in determining his mental ability than heredity is.12. Experiments such as the se ones prove that a person’s environment can have a cru cial effect on him and on his manner of thinking.13. A study done in Great Britain in the late 1980s shows that nutrition plays a very la rge role in a person’s development.14. Starving people across the globe show why lack of nutrients in human bodies can stunt mental evolutions as well as physical growth.15. Unique environmental factors (unique to children reared together) cause differences in behavior.How to Manage StressThe Present Situation and Its Effects:1. Stress is your reaction to something you consider a challenge or a threat. Stress isa natural part of life. Modern people are stressed out or under too much stress.2. Stress is a natural part of life.3. Stress is hard to define because it means different things to different people; howev er, it is clear that most stress is a negative feeling rather than a positive feeling.4. Despite the highly developed material life, modern people are leading an unpreceden ted stressful life.5. Some stressors are so powerful that they would evoke significant emotional distress i n most mentally healthy people, and trigger mental disorders.Causes:1. You may feel physical stress which is the result of too much to do, not enough slee p, a poor diet or the effects of an illness.2. Nowadays the social competition is becoming fiercer and everyone wants to cope with adversity and to flourish in their education, vocation, and personal relationships. Solutions:1. If your stress is chronic , it may require more attention and lifestyle changes.2. Exercise. Regular exercise is a popular way to relieve stress. Twenty to thirty minut es of physical activity benefits both the body and the mind.3. Hobbies. Take a break from your worries by doing something you enjoy. Whether it is gardening or painting, schedule time to indulge your interest.4. Healthy lifestyle. Good nutrition makes a difference. Limit intake of caffeine and alco hol, get adequate rest, exercise, and balance work and play.5. Share your feelings. A conversation with a friend lets you know that you are not the only one having a bad day, caring for a sick child or working in a busy office. Stay in touch with friends and family. Let them provide love, support and guidance. Don’t try to cope alone.6. Lower demands you put on yourself. Live for today. Don’t dwell in the past of worryabout the future.7. Develop other interests that will help you forget about your problems for a while. S ports work for some people, reading, exercising or socializing for others.Carnivorous Diet or Vegetarian DietCarnivorous Diet:1. Human beings are a part of the food chain, and eating meat is natural. So then, ho w can eating meat be wrong?2. Humans are type of animal and eating meat is normal and simply a part of life.3. Animals provide essential protein for the human body. Protein is biologically essential, for every living creature needs a certain amount to survive.4. Vegetarians do not get enough minerals and vitamins as a result of their limited die t.5. It is hard enough for vegetarians to stay healthy in our technologically advanced soc iety.6. Eating plats is also causing pain or discomfort to the plants. You only have to check out laboratory experiments that plants feel pain.Should Smoking Be Banned in All Public Places?1. Second-hand tobacco smoke can be deadly as well.2. Cigarette smoke contains about 4000 chemicals, about 50 of which are known cance r-causing agents .3. Only one smoker makes a majority, as the smoker spreads and fills all space availa ble.4. Governments should pass law to protect people and place controls on actions that h arm others.5. Damaging one’s health is viewed as a personal liberty; damaging some one else’s h ealth may not.6. Smoking in public places constitutes a real hazard to non-smokers.7. Smoking endangers people’s health. Smokers are more likely to suffer from bronchiti s and lung cancer and have a higher risk of developing other kinds of cancer.8. Smoking may pose a potential fire hazard for smokers are careless about the cigare tte butts.9. Smoking may cause diseases such as cancers and bronchitis.10. For years cigarettes have been known to cause cancer, emphysema , and other hor rible illnesses.11. Smoking not only does harm to the health of smokers but also affects the health of non-smokers around them because non-smokers are forced to take in some poisonou s substances which smokers blow into the air.12. Families could save money by not purchasing cigarettes; and accidental fires costing millions of dollars caused by cigarettes would cease.13. With every cigarette you smoke, you are causing damage to your health.14. Every cigarette you smoke reduces your lifespan by 11 minutes.Littering/ Rubbish ProblemPresent Situation:1. The roads scattered with all sorts of trash are a disgrace and the railway line are litt ered with decaying rubbish.2. One third of all waste produced is made up of packaging materials.3. Litter attracts vermin , causes a fire hazard, pollutes waterways and detracts from the amenity of public parks and gardens.4. What we are doing now is wasteful of resources and unfriendly to the environment.5. People show an appalling disregard for the environment. They have no respect for t he environment.6. We lack adequate facilities to dispose of rubbish of all kinds. For instance, not man y dustbins are seen along streets.7. The quickening tempo of modern lifestyle also contributes partly to the increasing ru bbish problem, because many people prefer takeaway fast food and the use of disposa ble items for the convenience’s sake.8. Disposable packaging and items become fashionable these days, from baby nappies to milk cartons to burger wrappers .9. We are now living in a consumer-oriented society.Solutions:1. Public activities should be sponsored by government to promote the public awareness of environmental protection. Make sure that everyone is a conscious preserver.2. Our government should take stronger and harsher measures to combat the littering behavior.3. Use environmentally-friendly materials.4. Minimally packaged goods should be encouraged.5. The rubbish should be classified scientifically so that the procedure can achieve high efficiency.6. People should learn to recycle. For instance, we should set up bins around town to collect glass, paper, and aluminum that can be converted back into raw materials, then made them into new products.How to Solve the Traffic ProblemPresent Situation and Cause:1. Every day there are many traffic jams everywhere, causing great inconveniences to people’s daily lives.2. Too many cars running on the streets lead to air pollution and noise pollution.3. There are more vehicles than the streets can accommodate.4. The construction of new roads is very slow.5. Many drivers do not obey regulation. People lack adequate awareness of the serious ness of traffic problem.Solutions:1. More and Wider roads should be laid down to relieve the traffic congestion .2. Build more underground railway and tunnels and underpass .3. Issue stricter traffic laws and regulations, impose more severe and harsher penalty on the violator .4. Raise the public awareness of the traffic regulations. Popularize the education of traff ic regulations; improve the quality of the citizens.5. Build up better public transportation systems, including buses, trains and subway, wi ll encourage more people to use them rather than drive their own cars.The Pros and Cons of BikesBenefits:1. Fitness: Biking let you incorporate low stress aerobic exercise into your daily commute.2. Parking: Forget about parking headache. Riding a bicycle lets you park much closer to your destination than a car.3. The environment benefits include reduced pollution and reduced resource consumptio n (less material, fuel, and infrastructure ).4. Bicycles increase mobility for those who don’t have access to moto r transport (who don’t qualify to drive a car).5. Reduce energy consumption.6. One of the most positive impacts of bicycling is improved health.7. Moderate exercise such as bicycling can offer major health benefits.8. Beyond physical health, bicycling helps to relieve; to fight off depression and anxiety; and to enhance your sense of well-being.9. It is also a lot more economical to ride a bike than to drive a car.The Cloning Technology1. Cloning is unnatural and not ethically correct.2. Cloning creates serious issues of identify and individuality and forces humans to con sider the definition of self.3. It leads to the psychological harms on cloned human children. One of those harms i s the loss of identify, or sense of uniqueness and individuality.4. The strongest ethical argument against cloning is that it could lead to a new, unfam iliar type of family relationship.5. Another argument against cloning is that it would be available only to the wealthy a nd therefore would increase social inequality.。

内部资料：雅思写作议论文论据集锦Space ResearchPros:1. The oldest and purest of the arguments for space exploration is the adv ancement of science and technology.2. We will go into space, not to bring back things which make us richer or more comfortable here on Earth. We will go there to live and make it our home.3. The exploration to the universe is a high ideal –space truly is the final frontie r .4. The instinct to explore is fundamentally human; already some of our most ama zing achievements have taken place in space.5. No one can deny the sense of wonder.6. The exploitation of space has directly changed our world. Satellites or biting the Earth allow us to communicate instantaneously with people on differe nt continents, and to broadcast to people all over the world.7. Weather satellites save lives by giving advance warning of adverse co nditions, and together with other scientific instruments in orbit they have hel ped us understand our own world better.8. Space exploration is an investment in the future. Our world is rapidly runni ng out of resources. Overpopulation could become a serious worldwide t hreat.9. Space exploration open us new world and adds to our knowledge, en abling human being to know more about the universe as well as about t he earth.10. Space exploration helps to acquire new resources to mitigate the energy cri sis (shortage). There may be some new kinds of natural resource in oth er planets.11. Space exploration may find new living places for human being to sol ve the problem of overpopulation. There is possibility that one day manki nd may emigrate to other planets.12. Space exploration is necessary for future. If we want to progress in the world then we should continue space exploration.Pros and Cons of TourismPros:1. It is regarded as a pillar of key local economic development.2. The booming tourist industry has created more job openings. Many people have said good-bye to poverty through involvement in tourist businesses.3. The tourist industry has played a positive role in meeting the cultural needs of the public, carrying forward national culture and achieving the su stainable development of resources.4. Tourism helps to better introduce the country to foreigners and showcase t he brilliant history and culture to the outside world.5. Tourism helps to improve the investment environment so as to attract more foreign investors.6. Tourists can take pleasure in the magnificent natural landscape, appreciate the superior workmanship of ancient artists and enjoy a variety of local delic acies (specialties). Many tourist attractions offer a wealth of historical reli cs, fascinating scenery and interesting local culture.7. Tourism helps to promote the catering trade, transportation service and commerce .8. Tourism is the world’s largest and faster growing industry. According t o recent statistics, tourism provides 10 percent of the world’s income and employs almost one-tenth of world’s workforce. By the year 2010, these numbers will double. All considered, tourism’s actual and potential eco nomic impact is astounding.9. Tourism encourages the preservation of identify, pride and value in our living conditions and the cultural legacy of generations in danger of extinction.10. Tourism contributes to the revival of customs and traditions.11. Tourism brings new money into an area and generates jobs, income and tax revenues.Cons:1. Contact with and assimilation of other cultures will reduce the uniqueness of one’s own culture and make the world less colorful than before.2. Undermine local traditions and ways of life.3. Tourism may cause serious environmental pollution.Museums and GalleriesPurposes:1. Museum and related heritage institutions provide people with an enhanced awareness of our diverse heritage and our place in the world. They promote understanding and appreciation of our diverse cultures, landscapes, stori es and experiences.2. Museums contribute to the enrichment of the lives of people.3. Guarantee the availability and use of the collections in research and teachi ng.4. Collections and exhibitions reflect the cultural and social diversity.5. Museums and galleries make an important contribution to education, s cholarship, citizenship , social inclusion and tourism.6. Generally promote the public’s enjoyment and understanding of painting and other fine art both by means of the collection and by such other means as they consider appropriate .How to Support and Develop the Museum and Gallery:1. The government sets up more state funded museums and art school.2. Increase education personnel and facilities in museums and galleries, as w ell as support schools with the cost of visits.3. We should actively seek to attract additional sources of funding in ord er to increase the total pool of money available.4. Museums should be taken to raise standards of collection care or ma nagement.5. The government should refund those museum and galleries which offer fr ee admissions to the public.6. Seek the financial support of corporations , non-profit foundations and indivi duals who share its goal of preserving the cultural legacy of the museu ms.。

雅思写作论证论据素材大全《雅思写作论证论据素材大全》第一大类学校教育与校园文化类1. 教育的重要性段落大意：教育对于个人和社会的成功都有着非常重要的作用。

In today’s society, education is really important. Education has evolved a lot over time and has greatly shaped American society. Back in the old days, education was not that important, because many jobs did not have educational requirements. In those days, you could have a high school diploma and get a good job. Today, if you only have a high school diploma, the types of jobs that you can get are restricted（受限制的）to fast food restaurant cashiers （收银员） or even construction workers. Getting a college degree is very essential to your success and your opportunity to get a good job that pays well.2. 终身学习段落大意：终身学习已经成为人们的一种选择和目标。

The term “lifelong learning” indicates that learning does not stop at the end of compulsory education （义务教育）. It is a continuous process and can continue throughout a person’s life. The use of the word “learning” as opposed to “education” suggests a difference between the formal framework （框架） of compulsory education required of children and young people and the more relaxed learning environment enjoyed by adults.3. 学习方式段落大意：个人学习习惯和思维的差异决定了每个人都有不同的学习方式。

雅思写作论据怎么写在雅思大作文考试中，一般会给出大家一个具体的观点，要求大家对这个观点来表达自己的看法，并且需要结合一些论证论据来让自己的观点更有说服力。

那么如何来运用这些论据，接下来小编来举些例子，希望能帮助大家理解。

雅思写作论据怎么写(一)局限于自己或朋友的例子。

此类例子往往缺乏客观性和说服力，由于人称的局限导致所叙述事件难免“鸡毛蒜皮”。

要明白，个人不代表整体。

例：I keep my dog to avoid my loneliness and I find a lot of fun.这样的例子让人犹如在看记叙文，和议论文很不搭调。

(二)引用过多数据。

太多专业数据会给人捏造的痕迹，缺乏真实性。

考官会质疑数据的出处。

例：A survey indicates that the number of people smoking has increased to as high as 65 percent in China.(一项调查显示。

)"65%"让文章看起来有些假，有捏造的嫌疑。

"A survey"又不够具有代表性。

(三)中国式的例子。

一个国家同样难代表世界。

雅思是international的考试，不应将范围框的太局限。

此外考官来自各个国家，过分使用一个国家的例子会引起他们的反感。

例：Many children in China like to play computer games for a long time, leading to their poor eyesight.只需小小改动便可成为成功范例。

因此，首先考生应了解，举例是一种常见的论述方式，特别在论述某一些比较抽象的话题的时候(比如文化类或跟艺术相关的话题)。

但是，并不是每个段落都需要例证法，举例过多或过分牵强会影响文章的正式感，甚至给考官喋喋不休的感觉。

举例是为了更加形象地叙述事情。

提醒考生们要注意以下原则：(一) 要来源于生活，要具有生动的论述效果。

博文：【雅思论证论据每日一练·7月4日】童年原是一生最美妙的阶段，那时的孩子是一朵花，也是一颗果子，是一片懵懵懂懂的聪明，一种永远不息的活动，一股强烈的欲望。

童年是人生重要的时间段，在这段时间内，人们开始学习，开始建立友谊，开始了品性的形成，开始了体格的完善。

@金磊是个艺术家@杨恒II@Jasonzzzh@JAllens@_王梦茜@跑小能@穿过风的草@勤奋宏毅@油炸花姑娘7@在路上碓冰狼神1985【雅思论证论据每日一练·7月4日】How important is a person's childhood years?Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? A person's childhood years(the time from birth to twelve years of age) are the most important years of a person's life. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.你是否同意以个人的童年时光是一生中最重要的1 童年对性格培养的重要作用段落大意：童年是人们社会性，感情，语言，和体格成长的开端。

The philosophy of childhood is that young children develop socially, emotionally, cognitively, linguistically and physically, each at their own, unique pace. They learn through hands-on, sensory-oriented exploration and discovery, and also constructing meaning through interaction with their environments.2 童年是美妙而有魅力的段落大意：童年的种种意境，带给人们美妙的感受和回忆Childhood is also a charming mystery. It is like a paper plane flying in the sky. It is like the lonely boat sailing in the sea, though they do not know where they should go, pleasant surprises await them here and there on the way. Compared with the rigid routine life of adults, childhood was full of magic, full of fantasy. I had the great curiosity about all the things around us children, which has been worn gradually by the adult society. Childhood offered me infinite room of imagination. It is like a piece of white paper which I can put any color on to paint my own beautiful picture. This picture is the most wonderful one I can ever imagine because the childhood is full of mystery.3 童年对于人们的一生都是宝贵的段落大意：童年是人们宝贵的时间段，在这段时间内，人们开始学习，为以后更好发展打下基础。

To Play, or to Compete?　 1. Organized sports activities bring damage rather than benefits to children both physically and psychologically. 2. Physically, as they are still at the stage of developing bodies, hard exercises and tough playing will be inappropriate for them. 3. Psychologically, winning and losing—the keynoteof adult life —— may mean too heavy a burden for children who should have fun and enjoy the game at that age. 4. The primary goal of a professional athlete– winning – is not appropriate for children. Their goal should be having fun, learning, and being with friends. 5. Children will benefit more from those programs emphasizing fitness, self-esteem, cooperation, sportsmanship, and individual performance. 6. Besides physical hazardsand anxieties, competitive sports pose psychological dangers for children. Nature or Nurture　 1. Learning is very important in determining who we are. 2. You can't change your genes, but you can choose how to live your life. 3. If we take identical twins, and give one the best environment possible, and put the other one in closetfor eighteen years, the differences will be profound, and caused totally by environmental differences between the two children, 4. Identical twins living in paralleluniverses do not necessarily lead identical lives. 5. Environment is more influential. 6. There is also substantial proof that an individual's environment affects his mental aptitude. 7. It is often difficult to separate learning from our biology because we begin learning at the moment we are born. 8. Biology certainly determines part of what we are, but we start learning as soon as we are conceived. 9. We hardly separate biologically determined behavior from learned behavior. 10. Socializationis learning. Socialization refers to all learning regardless of setting or age of the individual. 11. A person's entire environment seems to be more effectual in determining his mental ability than heredityis. 12. Experiments such as these ones prove that a person's environment can have a crucialeffect on him and on his manner of thinking. 13. A study done in Great Britain in the late 1980s shows that nutritionplays a very large role in a person's development. 14. Starving people across the globe show why lack of nutrients in human bodies can stunt mental evolutions as well as physical growth. 15. Unique environmental factors （unique to children reared together） cause differences in behavior. How to Manage Stress　 The Present Situation and Its Effects:　 1. Stress is your reactionto something you consider a challenge or a threat. Stress is a natural part of life. Modern people are stressed out or under too much stress. 2. Stress is a natural part of life. 3. Stress is hard to define because it means different things to different people; however, it is clear that most stress is a negative feeling rather than a positive feeling. 4. Despite the highly developed materiallife, modern people are leading an unprecedented stressful life. 5. Some stressors are so powerful that they would evokesignificant emotional distress in most mentally healthy people, and triggermental disorders. Causes:　 1. You may feel physical stress which is the result of too much to do, not enough sleep, a poor diet or the effects of an illness. 2. Nowadays the social competition is becoming fiercerand everyone wants to cope with adversity and to flourishin their education, vocation, and personal relationships. Solutions:　 1. If your stress is chronic, it may require more attention and lifestyle changes. 2. Exercise. Regular exercise is a popular way to relieve stress. Twenty to thirty minutes of physical activity benefits both the body and the mind. 3. Hobbies. Take a break from your worries by doing something you enjoy. Whether it is gardening or painting, schedule time to indulgeyour interest. 4. Healthy lifestyle. Good nutrition makes a difference. Limit intake of caffeine and alcohol, get adequate rest, exercise, and balance work and play. 5. Share your feelings. A conversation with a friend lets you know that you are not the only one having a bad day, caring for a sick child or working in a busy office. Stay in touch with friends and family. Let them provide love, support and guidance. Don't try to cope alone. 6. Lower demands you put on yourself. Live for today. Don't dwellin the past of worry about the future. 7. Develop other interests that will help you forget about your problems for a while. Sports work for some people,reading, exercising or socializing for others. Carnivorous Diet or Vegetarian Diet　 Carnivorous Diet:　 1. Human beings are a part of the food chain, and eating meat is natural. So then, how can eating meat be wrong? 2. Humans are type of animal and eating meat is normal and simply a part of life. 3. Animals provide essential protein for the human body. Protein is biologicallyessential, for every living creature needsa certain amount to survive. 4. Vegetarians do not get enough minerals and vitamins as a result of their limited diet. 5. It is hard enough for vegetarians to stay healthy in our technologically advanced society. 6. Eating plats is also causing pain or discomfort to the plants. You only have to check out laboratory experiments that plants feel pain. Should Smoking Be Banned in All Public Places?　 1. Second-hand tobacco smoke can be deadly as well. 2. Cigarette smoke contains about 4000 chemicals, about 50 of which are known cancer-causing agents. 3. Only one smoker makes a majority, as the smoker spreads and fills all space available. 4. Governments should pass law to protect people and place controls on actions that harm others. 5. Damaging one's health is viewed as a personal liberty; damaging some one else's health may not. 6. Smoking in public places constitutes a real hazard to non-smokers. 7. Smoking endangers people's health. Smokers are more likely to suffer from bronchitisand lung cancer and have a higher risk of developing other kinds of cancer. 8. Smoking may pose a potential fire hazard for smokers are careless about the cigarette butts. 9. Smoking may cause diseases such as cancers and bronchitis. 10. For years cigarettes have been known to cause cancer, emphysema, and other horrible illnesses. 11. Smoking not only does harm to the health of smokers but also affects the health of non-smokers around them because non-smokers are forced to take in some poisonoussubstances which smokers blow into the air. 12. Families could save money by not purchasing cigarettes; and accidental fires costing millions of dollars caused by cigarettes would cease. 13. With every cigarette you smoke, you are causing damage to your health. 14. Every cigarette you smoke reduces your lifespan by 11 minutes. Littering/ Rubbish Problem　 Present Situation:　 1. The roads scatteredwith all sorts of trash are a disgrace and the railway line are littered with decaying rubbish. 2. One third of all waste produced is made up of packaging materials. 3. Litter attracts vermin, causes a fire hazard, pollutes waterways and detracts from the amenityof public parks and gardens. 4. What we are doing now is wasteful of resources and unfriendly to the environment. 5. People show an appalling disregard for the environment. They have no respect for the environment. 6. We lack adequate facilities to dispose of rubbish of all kinds. For instance, not many dustbinsare seen along streets. 7. The quickening tempoof modern lifestyle also contributes partly to the increasing rubbish problem, because many people prefer takeaway fast food and the use of disposable items for the convenience's sake. 8. Disposable packaging and items become fashionable these days, from baby nappies to milk cartons to burger wrappers. 9. We are now living in a consumer-oriented society. Solutions:　 1. Public activities should be sponsoredby government to promote the public awareness of environmental protection. Make sure that everyone is a conscious preserver. 2. Our government should take stronger and harsher measures to combat the littering behavior. 3. Use environmentally-friendly materials. 4. Minimally packaged goods should be encouraged. 5. The rubbish should be classified scientifically so that the procedure can achieve high efficiency. 6. People should learn to recycle. For instance, we should set up bins around town to collect glass, paper, and aluminumthat can be converted back into raw materials, then made them into new products. How to Solve the Traffic Problem　 Present Situation and Cause:　 1. Every day there are many traffic jams everywhere, causing great inconveniences to people's daily lives. 2. Too many cars running on the streets lead to air pollution and noise pollution. 3. There are more vehicles than the streets can accommodate. 4. The constructionof new roads is very slow. 5. Many drivers do not obey regulation. People lack adequate awareness of the seriousness of traffic problem. Solutions:　 1. More and Wider roads should be laid down to relieve the traffic congestion. 2. Build more underground railway and tunnels and underpass. 3. Issue stricter traffic laws and regulations, impose more severe and harsher penalty on the violator. 4. Raise the public awareness of the traffic regulations. Popularizethe education of traffic regulations; improve the quality of the citizens. 5. Build up better public transportation systems, including buses, trains and subway, will encourage more people to use them rather than drive their own cars. The Pros and Cons of Bikes　 Benefits:　 1. Fitness: Biking let you incorporate low stress aerobicexercise into your daily commute. 2. Parking: Forget about p a r k i n g h e a d a c h e . R i d i n g a b i c y c l e l e t s y o u p a r k m u c h c l o s e r t o y o u rd e s t i n a t i o n t h a n a c a r .。

IELTS 素论据材教育篇Schools should be responsible only for teaching academic skills and not for teaching ethical and social values.Since science and technology and becoming more and more essential to modern society, schools should devote more time to teaching science and technology and less to teaching the arts and humanities.What education fails to teach us is to see the human community as one. Rather than focus on the (teaching/cultivating pure knowledge and theories) unique differences that separate one nation from another, education should focus on the (the practical skill and experience) similarities among all people and places on Earth.远程教育的便利In order to accommodate the increasing number of undergraduate students, colleges and universities should offer most courses through distance learning, such as videotaped instruction that can be accessed through the Internet or cable television. In this/such case, Requiring students to appear at a designated time and place is no longer an effective or efficient way of teaching most undergraduate courses.If a nation is to ensure its own economic success, it must maintain a highly competitive educational system in which students compete among themselves and against students from other countries.Schools should not teach specialized information and techniques, which might soon become outdated, schools should encourage a more general approach to learning.Formal education should not come to an end when people graduate from college. Instead, people should frequently enroll in courses throughout their lives.In business courses, professors should teach only factual information and skills, not ethics.Some experts maintain that students learn best in a highly structured environment, one that emphasizes discipline, punctuality, and routine. Others insist that educators, if they are to help students maximize their potential, ought to maintain an atmosphere of relative freedom and spontaneity.Juvenile crime is a serious social problem, and businesses must become more involved in helping to prevent it.Contributing to the resolution of juvenile crime would benefit businesses themselves. Undoubtedly juvenile crimes cause millions of damages to businesses, inhibiting honest customers to visit the same stores and therefore to make purchases, as wellas making the work of honest workers more dangerous and hence more expensive. Although parents and schools have the most direct influence on children, businesses nonetheless exert a strong, and often negative, influence on juveniles by way of their advertisements and of the goods they choose to produce. For example, cigarette advertisements aimed at young people, music and clothing that legitimize “gang” subculture, and toys depicting violence, all sanction juvenile delinquencies. In such cases perhaps businesses should be obligated to mitigate their own harmfulactions-for example, by sponsoring community youth organizations or by producing public-interest ads.视频游戏对人的危害Well, we can all breathe a sign of relief. Yes, we have finally found the root of all evils in modern society-the video game. It is the video game that causes otherwise completely well balanced people to lose all sense of reality and go on killing sprees. It is the video game that is bringing death and destruction to happy, well-functioning societies all over the world.Despite the violence and stereotypes present in many popular forms of entertainment created for children (such as books, movies, and video games), we should still allow children to experience this kind of entertainment.Ever since the regulation of children’s television appeared in the 1980s, marketing violence to children through/via the media has become increasingly prevalent. The violent programs themselves, as well as the toys, video games, and other products linked to them, glorify violence, undermine play, and portray racial stereotypes. While these practices harm all young children, they present a special risk for children of color because racial messages are linked to violence in the shows. This situation is especially worrisome for young children of color who are disproportionately represented among low-income children, consume more hours of media per day, and have many other risk factors undermining their healthy development. Nonetheless, the benefits mentioned above takes less weight in comparison with the drawbacks of distance education. |To be more specific, /Inevitably, it usually relates to the Internet or cable television, and the contents of which are various, including violent and pornographic, and may not be suitable for students, especially minors to access. Ever since the Internet and personal computer become increasingly prevalent, they, as well as video games and other products linked to them, glorify violence and sanction pornography to some extent, undermine play and portray stereotypes which negatively influence teenagers’ growth. |Specifically, / in another word, they present risks for secondary school students because violent and sexual information are linked to many websites or forums they may access. This circumstance is especially worrisome among even younger children, whose parents may not accompany or guide them owing to daily work, consuming hours per day in front oftelevision or computers, and may leading to many other risk factorsundermining/hindering their healthy development. |Therefore, the potential risks of modern education utilizing distance learning are far more disadvantageous than its benefits, considering children’s growth thoroughly.标志词, 观点. To be more specific, 解读X2. In other words, 举例X1. (Furthermore, 递进式的例子X1). In short, 总结句——代入态度词&题目讨论对象。

雅思作文论据大汇总Space ResearchPros:1. The oldest and purest of the arguments for space exploration is the advancement of science and technology.2. We will go into space, not to bring back things which make us richer or more comfortable here on Earth. We will go there to live and make it our home.3. The exploration to the universe is a high ideal –space truly is the final frontier .4. The instinct to explore is fundamentally human; already some of our most amazing achievements have taken place in space.5. No one can deny the sense of wonder.6. The exploitation of space has directly changed our world. Satellites orbiting the Earth allow us to communicate instantaneously with people on different continents, and to broadcast to people all over the world.7. Weather satellites save lives by giving advance warning of adverse conditions, and together with other scientific instruments in orbit they have helped us understand our own world better. 8. Space exploration is an investment in the future. Our world is rapidly running out of resources. Overpopulation could become a serious worldwide threat.9. Space exploration open us new world and adds to our knowledge, enabling human being to know more about the universe as well as about the earth.10. Space exploration helps to acquire new resources to mitigate the energy crisis (shortage). There may be some new kinds of natural resource in other planets.11. Space exploration may find new living places for human being to solve the problem of overpopulation. There is possibility that one day mankind may emigrate to other planets.12. Space exploration is necessary for future. If we want to progress in the world then we should continue space exploration.Pros and Cons of T ourismPros:1. It is regarded as a pillar of key local economic development.2. The booming tourist industry has created more job openings. Many people have said good-bye to poverty through involvement in tourist businesses.3. The tourist industry has played a positive role in meeting the cultural needs of the public, carrying forward national culture and achieving the sustainable development of resources.4. Tourism helps to better introduce the country to foreigners and showcase the brilliant history and culture to the outside world.5. Tourism helps to improve the investment environment so as to attract more foreign investors.6. Tourists can take pleasure in the magnificent natural landscape, appreciate the superior workmanship of ancient artists and enjoy a variety of local delicacies (specialties). Many tourist attractions offer a wealth of historical relics, fascinating scenery and interesting local culture.7. Tourism helps to promote the catering trade, transportation service and commerce .8. Tourism is the world’s largest and f aster growing industry. According to recent statistics, tourism provides 10 percent of the world’s income and employs almost one-tenth of world’s workforce. By the year 2010, these numbers will double. All considered, tourism’s actual andpotential economic impact is astounding.9. Tourism encourages the preservation of identify, pride and value in our living conditions and the cultural legacy of generations in danger of extinction.10. Tourism contributes to the revival of customs and traditions.11. Tourism brings new money into an area and generates jobs, income and tax revenues. Cons:1. Contact with and assimilation of other cultures will reduce the uniqueness of one’s own culture and make the world less colorful than before.2. Undermine local traditions and ways of life.3. Tourism may cause serious environmental pollution.Museums and GalleriesPurposes:1. Museum and related heritage institutions provide people with an enhanced awareness of our diverse heritage and our place in the world. They promote understanding and appreciation of our diverse cultures, landscapes, stories and experiences.2. Museums contribute to the enrichment of the lives of people.3. Guarantee the availability and use of the collections in research and teaching.4. Collections and exhibitions reflect the cultural and social diversity.5. Museums and galleries make an important contribution to education, scholarship, citizenship , social inclusion and tourism.6. Generally promote the public’s enjoyment and understan ding of painting and other fine art both by means of the collection and by such other means as they consider appropriate .How to Support and Develop the Museum and Gallery:1. The government sets up more state funded museums and art school.2. Increase education personnel and facilities in museums and galleries, as well as support schools with the cost of visits.3. We should actively seek to attract additional sources of funding in order to increase the total pool of money available.4. Museums should be taken to raise standards of collection care or management.5. The government should refund those museum and galleries which offer free admissions to the public.6. Seek the financial support of corporations , non-profit foundations and individuals who share its goal of preserving the cultural legacy of the museums.TV and FilmsPositive Side:1. Television is one of the most important forms of entertainment and communication.2. Television has the power to educate and to entertain.3. There is probably no greater influence on society than the television, which has saturated our lives.4. Children watch TV to receive the daily news.5. TV plays a big role in a child’s life. It teaches them new words and shows them things they have never seen before.6. The TV was brought in to our world to give us a new sense of entertainment, world news andendless amounts of information.7. Television can also promote pro-social behavior.8. Television can exert its strongest pro-social influence in the area of learning and cognitive development.Negative Side:1. A child who often indulges in TV doesn’t know the difference between reality and fantasy .2. Children have undeveloped minds, which can not conceive the information the same way that adults do.3. Given our national television habit, it is no surprise that we are raising the most sedentary and most overweight generation of youngsters in history.4. The health consequences of this overabundance of TV viewing include an increase in obesity among kids due to a sedentary lifestyle, and the flip side, an increase in dieting disorders due to the unrealistic expectations set up by thin actors on television shows and commercials.AdvertisingFor:1. Advertising promotes and popularizes new products and give peop le everywhere the maximum choice of products and choice.2. Some advertisements are of high artistic value, original and well-designed with vivid pictures and witty language, artistic photography and witty slogan ; therefore they add to the beauty of our lives. They are a par indispensable to modern society.3. Advertising brings convenience to people’s lives.4. Advertising plays an important role in our economic life and is indispensable to the consumer society.5. It is a kind of visual enjoyment to look at some witty works of advertising which add beauty to the cityscape .Against:1. Some leaflets and handouts are scattered here and there, polluting the environment. They are regarded as rubbish and a blemish on the landscape of the city. They disfigure our cities,2. Advertisements are not always truthful, and a product is often misrepresented , false and deceptive . Many advertisements are fictitious , exaggerating, misleading and flying in the face of truth.3. Advertisements are an insidious form of brainwashing. Some are mislead and tend to induce people to spend more and create demand for things we do not need.4. It is very disturbing that TV programs are interrupted by advertisements, and mailboxes are stuffed with rubbish. Nuisance to TV viewers: constant interruption spoils the viewing. We can do nothing but accept it passively.Will Computers Replace Human T eachers?1. Computers are cold impersonal devices and they relate to children as though they are machines—without love, care, or feeling.2. Children who use computers will learn to communicate with machines instead of people. There is a risk we will create a generation of social illiterates. There is some truth to the stereotypical ―computer nerd‖.3. Teacher-directed learning is underpinned by personal awareness and a focus on students.IT-directed focus is impersonal.4. Within a class of 25 children, there may be 25 variables. These variables are understood by teachers but not by computer-generated and controlled programs.5. Classroom teachers become aware of student learning difficulties and foibles .6. Computers present programs that can not be accommodated. Personalized shifts do not happen.7. Computer-generated learning places all students in the group onto the same program, at the same point, progressing them as a collective. Individual differences are not recognized.8. Having a teacher in the classroom poses many opportunities for the students to learn life’s basics.9. Having physical teachers in the classrooms is advantageous because they can teach personal interaction, reading, and teamwork. And computer cannot teach these things.10. There can be confusion between reality and fantasy, between fact and mythProblems Probably Confronting a freshmanPossible Problems:1. Psychological problems such as loneliness , homesickness and inadaptability.2. Language problems such as inability to understand the local dialect.3. Local foods disagreeable to one’s taste.4. Can not adapt to the climate very well.Suggested Solutions:1. A college orientation session should be held to familiarize the freshmen with the exciting school life.2. Some special advisory and consultative committees should be established to meet the psychological needs of the new students.3. Seniors students should be called on to offer help to their new younger schoolfellows.4. Different kinds of foods and accommodation should be available to students from different places and backgrounds.5. Some campus activities involving new and old studen ts’ participation should be organized to familiarize the new with the campus life, such as a welcome party to be held by the school authorities.6. Fresh should try to be independent and self-reliant.7. Keep regular emotional contacts with one’s family m embers and former classmates.8. Active participation in the campus life is essential to removing loneliness and disorientation. Pocket Money1. Help the children understand the value of money and how to use the money responsibly.2. The money parents give help the children learn to manage money, and they can understand how budgeting, saving and interest work. In this way, they can develop wise spending habits.3. It helps raise a money-savvy child.4. Cultivate a spirit of independence and learning to m ake decision on one’s own.5. Such goal-setting helps children learn to become responsible for themselves.6. Children are willing learners, and you will find by giving pocket money, you can get them very interested in whole process of building a healthy saving for the future.7. Y oung children especially enjoy watching the money build up in their piggy banks, and they love to take it out and count it. This is a great opportunity to teach your child the different denominations in our currency , and what each coin and bill is worth.8. It is the beast way to introduce your child to the concept of saving.9. Money management is seldom taught in schools; it is up to the parents to educate their children in this very important life skill.10. It is a way to help educate children about personal finance and managing money.11. Parents don’t have to worry about being constantly asked to buy things for the kids.12. Children can learn how and why to save money.To Play, or to Compete?1. Organized sports activities bring damage rather than benefits to children both physically and psychologically .2. Physically, as they are still at the stage of developing bodies, hard exercises and tough playing will be inappropriate for them.3. Psychologically, winning and los ing—the keynote of adult life --- may mean too heavy a burden for children who should have fun and enjoy the game at that age.4. The primary goal of a professional athlete – winning – is not appropriate for children. Their goal should be having fun, learning, and being with friends.5. Children will benefit more from those programs emphasizing fitness, self-esteem, cooperation, sportsmanship, and individual performance.6. Besides physical hazards and anxieties, competitive sports pose psychological dangers for children.Nature or Nurture1. Learning is very important in determining who we are.2. Y ou can’t change your genes, but you can choose how to live your life.3. If we take identical twins, and give one the best environment possible, and put the other one in closet for eighteen years, the differences will be profound , and caused totally by environmental differences between the two children,4. Identical twins living in parallel universes do not necessarily lead identical lives.5. Environment is more influential.6. There is also substantial proof that an individual’s environment affects his mental aptitude .7. It is often difficult to separate learning from our biology because we begin learning at the moment we are born.8. Biology certainly determines part of what we are, but we start learning as soon as we are conceived.9. We hardly separate biologically determined behavior from learned behavior.10. Socialization is learning. Socialization refers to all learning regardless of setting or age of the individual.11. A person’s entire environment seems to be more effectual in determining his mental ability than heredity is.12. Experiments such as these ones prove that a person’s environment can have a crucial effect on him and on his manner of thinking.13. A study done in Great Britain in the late 1980s shows that nutrition plays a very large role ina person’s development.14. Starving people across the globe show why lack of nutrients in human bodies can stunt mental evolutions as well as physical growth.15. Unique environmental factors (unique to children reared together) cause differences inbehavior.How to Manage StressThe Present Situation and Its Effects:1. Stress is your reaction to something you consider a challenge or a threat. Stress is a natural part of life. Modern people are stressed out or under too much stress.2. Stress is a natural part of life.3. Stress is hard to define because it means different things to different people; however, it is clear that most stress is a negative feeling rather than a positive feeling.4. Despite the highly developed material life, modern people are leading an unprecedented stressful life.5. Some stressors are so powerful that they would evoke significant emotional distress in most mentally healthy people, and trigger mental disorders.Causes:1. Y ou may feel physical stress which is the result of too much to do, not enough sleep, a poor diet or the effects of an illness.2. Nowadays the social competition is becoming fiercer and everyone wants to cope with adversity and to flourish in their education, vocation, and personal relationships.Solutions:1. If your stress is chronic , it may require more attention and lifestyle changes.2. Exercise. Regular exercise is a popular way to relieve stress. Twenty to thirty minutes of physical activity benefits both the body and the mind.3. Hobbies. Take a break from your worries by doing something you enjoy. Whether it is gardening or painting, schedule time to indulge your interest.4. Healthy lifestyle. Good nutrition makes a difference. Limit intake of caffeine and alcohol, get adequate rest, exercise, and balance work and play.5. Share your feelings. A conversation with a friend lets you know that you are not the only one having a bad day, caring for a sick child or working in a busy office. Stay in touch with friends and family. Let them provide love, support and guidance. Don’t try to cope alone.6. Lower demands you put on yourself. Live for today. Don’t dwell in the past of worry a bout the future.7. Develop other interests that will help you forget about your problems for a while. Sports work for some people, reading, exercising or socializing for others.Carnivorous Diet or V egetarian DietCarnivorous Diet:1. Human beings are a part of the food chain, and eating meat is natural. So then, how can eating meat be wrong?2. Humans are type of animal and eating meat is normal and simply a part of life.3. Animals provide essential protein for the human body. Protein is biologically essential, for every living creature needs a certain amount to survive.4. V egetarians do not get enough minerals and vitamins as a result of their limited diet.5. It is hard enough for vegetarians to stay healthy in our technologically advanced society.6. Eating plats is also causing pain or discomfort to the plants. Y ou only have to check out laboratory experiments that plants feel pain.Should Smoking Be Banned in All Public Places?1. Second-hand tobacco smoke can be deadly as well.2. Cigarette smoke contains about 4000 chemicals, about 50 of which are known cancer-causing agents .3. Only one smoker makes a majority, as the smoker spreads and fills all space available.4. Governments should pass law to protect people and place controls on actions that harm others.5. Damaging one’s health is viewed as a personal liberty; damaging some one else’s health may not.6. Smoking in public places constitutes a real hazard to non-smokers.7. Smoking endangers people’s health. Smokers are more likely to suffer from bronchitis and lung cancer and have a higher risk of developing other kinds of cancer.8. Smoking may pose a potential fire hazard for smokers are careless about the cigarette butts.9. Smoking may cause diseases such as cancers and bronchitis.10. For years cigarettes have been known to cause cancer, emphysema , and other horrible illnesses.11. Smoking not only does harm to the health of smokers but also affects the health of non-smokers around them because non-smokers are forced to take in some poisonous substances which smokers blow into the air.12. Families could save money by not purchasing cigarettes; and accidental fires costing millions of dollars caused by cigarettes would cease.13. With every cigarette you smoke, you are causing damage to your health.14. Every cigarette you smoke reduces your lifespan by 11 minutes.Littering/ Rubbish ProblemPresent Situation:1. The roads scattered with all sorts of trash are a disgrace and the railway line are littered with decaying rubbish.2. One third of all waste produced is made up of packaging materials.3. Litter attracts vermin , causes a fire hazard, pollutes waterways and detracts from the amenity of public parks and gardens.4. What we are doing now is wasteful of resources and unfriendly to the environment.5. People show an appalling disregard for the environment. They have no respect for the environment.6. We lack adequate facilities to dispose of rubbish of all kinds. For instance, not many dustbins are seen along streets.7. The quickening tempo of modern lifestyle also contributes partly to the increasing rubbish problem, because many people prefer takeaway fast food and the use of disposable items for the convenience’s sake.8. Disposable packaging and items become fashionable these days, from baby nappies to milk cartons to burger wrappers .9. We are now living in a consumer-oriented society.Solutions:1. Public activities should be sponsored by government to promote the public awareness of environmental protection. Make sure that everyone is a conscious preserver.2. Our government should take stronger and harsher measures to combat the littering behavior.3. Use environmentally-friendly materials.4. Minimally packaged goods should be encouraged.5. The rubbish should be classified scientifically so that the procedure can achieve high efficiency.6. People should learn to recycle. For instance, we should set up bins around town to collect glass, paper, and aluminum that can be converted back into raw materials, then made them into new products.How to Solve the T raffic ProblemPresent Situation and Cause:1. Every day there are many traffic jams everywhere, causing great inconveniences to people’s daily lives.2. Too many cars running on the streets lead to air pollution and noise pollution.3. There are more vehicles than the streets can accommodate.4. The construction of new roads is very slow.5. Many drivers do not obey regulation. People lack adequate awareness of the seriousness of traffic problem.Solutions:1. More and Wider roads should be laid down to relieve the traffic congestion .2. Build more underground railway and tunnels and underpass .3. Issue stricter traffic laws and regulations, impose more severe and harsher penalty on the violator .4. Raise the public awareness of the traffic regulations. Popularize the education of traffic regulations; improve the quality of the citizens.5. Build up better public transportation systems, including buses, trains and subway, will encourage more people to use them rather than drive their own cars.The Pros and Cons of BikesBenefits:1. Fitness: Biking let you incorporate low stress aerobic exercise into your daily commute.2. Parking: Forget about parking headache. Riding a bicycle lets you park much closer to your destination than a car.3. The environment benefits include reduced pollution and reduced resource consumption (less material, fuel, and infrastructure ).4. Bicycles increase mobility for those who don’t have access to motor transport (who don’t qualify to drive a car).5. Reduce energy consumption.6. One of the most positive impacts of bicycling is improved health.7. Moderate exercise such as bicycling can offer major health benefits.8. Beyond physical health, bicycling helps to relieve; to fight off depression and anxiety; and to enhance your sense of well-being.9. It is also a lot more economical to ride a bike than to drive a car.The Cloning T echnology1. Cloning is unnatural and not ethically correct.2. Cloning creates serious issues of identify and individuality and forces humans to consider thedefinition of self.3. It leads to the psychological harms on cloned human children. One of those harms is the loss of identify, or sense of uniqueness and individuality.4. The strongest ethical argument against cloning is that it could lead to a new, unfamiliar type of family relationship.5. Another argument against cloning is that it would be available only to the wealthy and therefore would increase social inequality.。

生命中，不断地有人离开或进入。

于是，看见的，看不见的；记住的，遗忘了。

生命中，不断地有得到和失落。

于是，看不见的，看见了；遗忘的，记住了。

然而，看不见的，是不是就等于不存在？记住的，是不是永远不会消失？一 Space ResearchPros:1. The oldest and purest of the arguments for space exploration is the advancement of science and technology.2. We will go into space, not to bring back things which make us richer or more comfortable here on Earth. We will go there to live and make it our home.3. The exploration to the universe is a high ideal –space truly is the final frontier .4. The instinct to explore is fundamentally human; already some of our most amazing achievements have taken place in space.5. No one can deny the sense of wonder.6. The exploitation of space has directly changed our world. Satellites orbiting the Earth allow us to communicate instantaneously with people on different continents, and to broadcast to people all over the world.7. Weather satellites save lives by giving advance warning of adverse conditions, and together with other scientific instruments in orbit they have helped us understand ourown world better.8. Space exploration is an investment in the future. Our world is rapidly running out of resources. Overpopulation could become a serious worldwide threat.9. Space exploration open us new world and adds to our knowledge, enabling human being to know more about the universe as well as about the earth.10. Space exploration helps to acquire new resources to mitigate the energy crisis (shortage). There may be some new kinds of natural resource in other planets.11. Space exploration may find new living places for human being to solve the problem of overpopulation. There is possibility that one day mankind may emigrate to other planets.12. Space exploration is necessary for future. If we want to progress in the world then we should continue space exploration.二 Pros and Cons of TourismPros:1. It is regarded as a pillar of key local economic development.2. The booming tourist industry has created more job openings. Many people have said good-bye to poverty through involvement in tourist businesses.3. The tourist industry has played a positive role in meeting the cultural needs of the public, carrying forward national culture and achieving the sustainable development of resources.4. Tourism helps to better introduce the country to foreigners and showcase the brilliant history and culture to the outside world.5. Tourism helps to improve the investment environment so as to attract more foreign investors.6. Tourists can take pleasure in the magnificent natural landscape, appreciate the superior workmanship of ancient artists and enjoy a variety of local delicacies (specialties). Many tourist attractions offer a wealth of historical relics, fascinating scenery and interesting local culture.7. Tourism helps to promote the catering trade, transportation service and commerce .8. Tourism is the world’s largest and faster growing industry. According to recent statistics, tourismprovides 10 percent of the world’s income and employs almost one-tenth of world’s workforce. By the yea r 2010, these numbers will double. All considered, tourism’s actual and potential economic impact is astounding.9. Tourism encourages the preservation of identify, pride and value in our living conditions and the cultural legacy of generations in danger of extinction.10. Tourism contributes to the revival of customs and traditions.11. Tourism brings new money into an area and generates jobs, income and tax revenues.Cons:1. Contact with and assimilation of other cultures will reduce the uniqueness of one’s own culture and make the world less colorful than before.2. Undermine local traditions and ways of life.3. Tourism may cause serious environmental pollution.三 Museums and GalleriesPurposes:1. Museum and related heritage institutions provide people with an enhanced awareness of our diverse heritage and our place in the world. They promote understanding and appreciation of our diverse cultures, landscapes, stories and experiences.2. Museums contribute to the enrichment of the lives of people.3. Guarantee the availability and use of the collections in research and teaching.4. Collections and exhibitions reflect the cultural and social diversity.5. Museums and galleries make an important contribution to education, scholarship, citizenship , social inclusion and tourism.6. Generally promote the public’s enjoyment and understanding of painting and other fine art both by means of the collection and by such other means as they consider appropriate .How to Support and Develop the Museum and Gallery:1. The government sets up more state funded museums and art school.2. Increase education personnel and facilities in museumsand galleries, as well as support schools with the cost of visits.3. We should actively seek to attract additional sources of funding in order to increase the total pool of money available.4. Museums should be taken to raise standards of collection care or management.5. The government should refund those museum and galleries which offer free admissions to the public.6. Seek the financial support of corporations , non-profit foundations and individuals who share its goal of preserving the cultural legacy of the museums.四 TV and FilmsPositive Side:1. Television is one of the most important forms of entertainment and communication.2. Television has the power to educate and to entertain.3. There is probably no greater influence on society than the television, which has saturated our lives.4. Children watch TV to receive the daily news.5. TV plays a big role in a child’s life. It teaches themnew words and shows them things they have never seen before.6. The TV was brought in to our world to give us a new sense of entertainment, world news and endless amounts of information.7. Television can also promote pro-social behavior.8. Television can exert its strongest pro-social influence in the area of learning and cognitive development.Negative Side:1. A child who oft en indulges in TV doesn’t know the difference between reality and fantasy .2. Children have undeveloped minds, which can not conceive the information the same way that adults do.3. Given our national television habit, it is no surprise that we are raising the most sedentary and most overweight generation of youngsters in history.4. The health consequences of this overabundance of TV viewing include an increase in obesity among kids due to a sedentary lifestyle, and the flip side, an increase in dieting disorders due to the unrealistic expectations set up by thin actors on television shows and commercials.五AdvertisingFor:1. Advertising promotes and popularizes new products and give people everywhere the maximum choice of products and choice.2. Some advertisements are of high artistic value, original and well-designed with vivid pictures and witty language, artistic photography and witty slogan ; therefore they add to the beauty of our lives. They are a par indispensable to modern society.3. Advertisi ng brings convenience to people’s lives.4. Advertising plays an important role in our economic life and is indispensable to the consumer society.5. It is a kind of visual enjoyment to look at some witty works of advertising which add beauty to the cityscape .Against:1. Some leaflets and handouts are scattered here and there, polluting the environment. They are regarded as rubbish and a blemish on the landscape of the city. They disfigure our cities,2. Advertisements are not always truthful, and a product is often misrepresented , false and deceptive . Many advertisements are fictitious , exaggerating, misleading and flying in the face of truth.3. Advertisements are an insidious form of brainwashing. Someare mislead and tend to induce people to spend more and create demand for things we do not need.4. It is very disturbing that TV programs are interrupted by advertisements, and mailboxes are stuffed with rubbish. Nuisance to TV viewers: constant interruption spoils the viewing. We can do nothing but accept it passively.Will Computers Replace Human Teachers?1. Computers are cold impersonal devices and they relate to children as though they are machines—without love, care, or feeling.2. Children who use computers will learn to communicate with machines instead of people. There is a risk we will create a generation of social illiterates. There is some truth to the stereotypical “computer nerd”.3. Teacher-directed learning is underpinned by personal awareness and a focus on students. IT-directed focus is impersonal.4. Within a class of 25 children, there may be 25 variables. These variables are understood by teachers but not by computer-generated and controlled programs.5. Classroom teachers become aware of student learning difficulties and foibles.6. Computers present programs that can not be accommodated. Personalized shifts do not happen.7. Computer-generated learning places all students in the group onto the same program, at the same point, progressing them as a collective. Individual differences are not recognized.8. Having a teacher in the classroom poses many opportunities for the students to learn life’s basics.9. Having physical teachers in the classrooms is advantageous because they can teach personal interaction, reading, and teamwork. And computer cannot teach these things.10. There can be confusion between reality and fantasy,六 Problems Probably Confronting a freshmanPossible Problems:1. Psychological problems such as loneliness, homesickness and inadaptability.2. Language problems such as inability to understand the local dialect.3. Local foods disagreeable to one’s taste.4. Can not adapt to the climate very well.Suggested Solutions:1. A college orientation session should be held to familiarize the freshmen with the exciting school life.2. Some special advisory and consultative committees should be established to meet the psychological needs of the new students.3. Seniors students should be called on to offer help to their new younger schoolfellows.4. Different kinds of foods and accommodation should be available to students from different places and backgrounds.5. Some campus activities involving new and old students’ participation should be organized to familiarize the new with the campus life, such as a welcome party to be held by the school authorities.6. Fresh should try to be independent and self-reliant.7. Keep regular emotional contacts with one’s family members and former classmates.8. Active participation in the campus life is essential to removing loneliness and disorientation.七 Pocket Money1. Help the children understand the value of money and how to use the money responsibly.2. The money parents give help the children learn to manage money, and they can understand how budgeting, saving and interest work. In this way, they can develop wise spending habits.3. It helps raise a money-savvy child.4. Cultivate a spirit of independence and learning to make decision on one’s own.5. Such goal-setting helps children learn to become responsible for themselves.6. Children are willing learners, and you will find by giving pocket money, you can get them very interested in whole process of building a healthy saving for the future.7. Young children especially enjoy watching the money build up in their piggy banks, and they love to take it out and count it. This is a great opportunity to teach your child the different denominations in our currency, and what each coin and bill is worth.8. It is the beast way to introduce your child to the concept of saving.9. Money management is seldom taught in schools; it is up to the parents to educate their children in this very important life skill.10. It is a way to help educate children about personal finance and managing money.11. Parents don’t have to worry about being consta ntly asked to buy things for the kids.12. Children can learn how and why to save money.八 To Play, or to Compete?1. Organized sports activities bring damage rather than benefits to children both physically and psychologically.2. Physically, as they are still at the stage of developing bodies, hard exercises and tough playing will be inappropriate for them.3. Psychologically, winning and losing—the keynote of adult life --- may mean too heavy a burden for children who should have fun and enjoy the game at that age.4. The primary goal of a professional athlete– winning – is not appropriate for children. Their goal should be having fun, learning, and being with friends.5. Children will benefit more from those programs emphasizing fitness, self-esteem, cooperation, sportsmanship, and individual performance.6. Besides physical hazards and anxieties, competitive sports pose psychological dangers for children.九 Nature or Nurture1. Learning is very important in determining who we are.2. You can’t chan ge your genes, but you can choose how to live your life.3. If we take identical twins, and give one the best environment possible, and put the other one in closet for eighteen years, the differences will be profound, and caused totally by environmental differences between the two children,4. Identical twins living in parallel universes do not necessarily lead identical lives.5. Environment is more influential.6. There is also substantial proof that an individual’s environment affects his mental aptitude.7. It is often difficult to separate learning from our biology because we begin learning at the moment we are born.8. Biology certainly determines part of what we are, but we start learning as soon as we are conceived.9. We hardly separate biologically determined behavior from learned behavior.10. Socialization is learning. Socialization refers to all learning regardless of setting or age of the individual.11. A person’s entire environment seems to be more effectual in determining his mental ability than heredity is.12. Experiments such as these ones prove that a person’s environment can have a crucial effect on him and on his manner of thinking.13. A study done in Great Britain in the late 1980s shows that nutrition plays a very large role in a pers on’s development.14. Starving people across the globe show why lack of nutrients in human bodies can stunt mental evolutions as well as physical growth.15. Unique environmental factors (unique to children reared together) cause differences in behavior.十 How to Manage StressThe Present Situation and Its Effects:1. Stress is your reaction to something you consider achallenge or a threat. Stress is a natural part of life. Modern people are stressed out or under too much stress.2. Stress is a natural part of life.3. Stress is hard to define because it means different things to different people; however, it is clear that most stress is a negative feeling rather than a positive feeling.4. Despite the highly developed material life, modern people are leading an unprecedented stressful life.5. Some stressors are so powerful that they would evoke significant emotional distress in most mentally healthy people, and trigger mental disorders.Causes:1. You may feel physical stress which is the result of too much to do, not enough sleep, a poor diet or the effects of an illness.2. Nowadays the social competition is becoming fiercer and everyone wants to cope with adversity and to flourish in their education, vocation, and personal relationships.Solutions:1. If your stress is chronic, it may require more attentionand lifestyle changes.2. Exercise. Regular exercise is a popular way to relieve stress. Twenty to thirty minutes of physical activity benefits both the body and the mind.3. Hobbies. Take a break from your worries by doing something you enjoy. Whether it is gardening or painting, schedule time to indulge your interest.4. Healthy lifestyle. Good nutrition makes a difference. Limit intake of caffeine and alcohol, get adequate rest, exercise, and balance work and play.5. Share your feelings. A conversation with a friend lets you know that you are not the only one having a bad day, caring for a sick child or working in a busy office. Stay in touch with friends and family. Let them provide love, supp ort and guidance. Don’t try to cope alone.6. Lower demands you put on yourself. Live for today. Don’t dwell in the past of worry about the future.7. Develop other interests that will help you forget about your problems for a while. Sports work for some people, reading, exercising or socializing for others.十一 Carnivorous Diet or Vegetarian DietCarnivorous Diet:1. Human beings are a part of the food chain, and eating meat is natural. So then, how can eating meat be wrong?2. Humans are type of animal and eating meat is normal and simply a part of life.3. Animals provide essential protein for the human body. Protein is biologically essential, for every living creature needs a certain amount to survive.4. Vegetarians do not get enough minerals and vitamins asa result of their limited diet.5. It is hard enough for vegetarians to stay healthy in our technologically advanced society.6. Eating plats is also causing pain or discomfort to the plants. You only have to check out laboratory experiments that plants feel pain.十二 Should Smoking Be Banned in All Public Places?1. Second-hand tobacco smoke can be deadly as well.2. Cigarette smoke contains about 4000 chemicals, about 50 of which are known cancer-causing agents.3. Only one smoker makes a majority, as the smoker spreadsand fills all space available.4. Governments should pass law to protect people and place controls on actions that harm others.5. Damaging one’s health is viewed as a personal liberty; damaging some one else’s health may not.6. Smoking in public places constitutes a real hazard to non-smokers.7. Smoking endangers people’s health. Smokers are more likely to suffer from bronchitis and lung cancer and havea higher risk of developing other kinds of cancer.8. Smoking may pose a potential fire hazard for smokers are careless about the cigarette butts.9. Smoking may cause diseases such as cancers and bronchitis.10. For years cigarettes have been known to cause cancer, emphysema, and other horrible illnesses.11. Smoking not only does harm to the health of smokers but also affects the health of non-smokers around them because non-smokers are forced to take in some poisonous substances which smokers blow into the air.12. Families could save money by not purchasing cigarettes; and accidental fires costing millions of dollars causedby cigarettes would cease.13. With every cigarette you smoke, you are causing damage to your health.14. Every cigarette you smoke reduces your lifespan by 11 minutes.十三 Littering/ Rubbish ProblemPresent Situation:1. The roads scattered with all sorts of trash are a disgrace and the railway line are littered with decaying rubbish.2. One third of all waste produced is made up of packaging materials.3. Litter attracts vermin, causes a fire hazard, pollutes waterways and detracts from the amenity of public parks and gardens.4. What we are doing now is wasteful of resources and unfriendly to the environment.5. People show an appalling disregard for the environment. They have no respect for the environment.6. We lack adequate facilities to dispose of rubbish ofall kinds. For instance, not many dustbins are seen along streets.7. The quickening tempo of modern lifestyle also contributes partly to the increasing rubbish problem, because many people prefer takeaway fast food and the use of disposable items for the convenience’s sake.8. Disposable packaging and items become fashionable these days, from baby nappies to milk cartons to burger wrappers.9. We are now living in a consumer-oriented society.Solutions:1. Public activities should be sponsored by government to promote the public awareness of environmental protection. Make sure that everyone is a conscious preserver.2. Our government should take stronger and harsher measures to combat the littering behavior.3. Use environmentally-friendly materials.4. Minimally packaged goods should be encouraged.5. The rubbish should be classified scientifically so that the procedure can achieve high efficiency.6. People should learn to recycle. For instance, we should set up bins around town to collect glass, paper, andaluminum that can be converted back into raw materials, then made them into new products.十四 How to Solve the Traffic ProblemPresent Situation and Cause:1. Every day there are many traffic jams everywhere,ca using great inconveniences to people’s daily lives. 2. Too many cars running on the streets lead to air pollution and noise pollution.3. There are more vehicles than the streets can accommodate.4. The construction of new roads is very slow.5. Many drivers do not obey regulation. People lack adequate awareness of the seriousness of traffic problem. Solutions:1. More and Wider roads should be laid down to relieve the traffic congestion.2. Build more underground railway and tunnels and underpass.3. Issue stricter traffic laws and regulations, impose more severe and harsher penalty on the violator.4. Raise the public awareness of the traffic regulations.Popularize the education of traffic regulations; improve the quality of the citizens.5. Build up better public transportation systems, including buses, trains and subway, will encourage more people to use them rather than drive their own cars.十五 The Pros and Cons of BikesBenefits:1. Fitness: Biking let you incorporate low stress aerobic exercise into your daily commute.2. Parking: Forget about parking headache. Riding a bicycle lets you park much closer to your destination thana car.3. The environment benefits include reduced pollution and reduced resource consumption (less material, fuel, and infrastructure).4. Bicycles increase mobility for those who don’t have access to motor transport (who don’t qualify to drive a car).5. Reduce energy consumption.6. One of the most positive impacts of bicycling is improved health.7. Moderate exercise such as bicycling can offer major health benefits.8. Beyond physical health, bicycling helps to relieve; to fight off depression and anxiety; and to enhance your sense of well-being.9. It is also a lot more economical to ride a bike than to drive a car.The Cloning Technology1. Cloning is unnatural and not ethically correct.2. Cloning creates serious issues of identify and individuality and forces humans to consider the definition of self.3. It leads to the psychological harms on cloned human children. One of those harms is the loss of identify, or sense of uniqueness and individuality.4. The strongest ethical argument against cloning is that it could lead to a new, unfamiliar type of family relationship.5. Another argument against cloning is that it would be available only to the wealthy and therefore would increase social inequality.between fact and myth如何应对法律及犯罪类的写作考题A类的雅思大作文大致可以分为教育，社会，科技，政府政策，大众媒体，法律和犯罪这么六大类的题目，而其中学生们普遍反映最怵的，感觉最无从下手的题目当属法律与犯罪类型的题目。