高压氧联合神经节苷酯治疗缺氧缺血性脑病致新生儿听力损伤的临床观察

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高压氧联合神经节苷酯治疗缺氧缺血性脑病致新生儿听力损伤的临床观察

【摘要】 目的:通过观察新生儿缺氧性脑病(hie)治疗前后脑干听觉诱发电位(baep)的变化,研究高压氧(hbo)联合单唾液酸四己糖神经节苷酯钠(gm1)治疗新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病致新生儿听力损伤的临床疗效。方法:hie患儿108例,随机分成治疗组(常规治疗上加高压氧联合神经节苷酯治疗)78例(轻度hie 58例,中重度hie

20例)和对照组(常规治疗)30例(轻度hie 20例,中重度10例)。在治疗前和出生第3天测试baep,并于出生第42天复查baep,观察治疗前后脑干听觉诱发电位(baep)的变化。结果:对照组轻度hie治疗前后比较:治疗前后baep异常率分别为60%、50%,两者比较差异无统计学意义(p=0.5250)。中重度hie患儿10例,治疗前后baep异常率分别为80.0%(8例)和50.0%(6例),两者比较差异无统计学意义(p=0.1596);治疗组轻度hie患儿,治疗前后baep异常率分别为46.6%(27例),22.4%(13例),两者比较差异有统计学意义(p=0.0062)。中重度hie患儿治疗前后baep异常率分别为75.0%(15例)和35%(7例),两者比较差异有统计学意义(p=0.0110)。结论:高压氧联合神经节苷酯可显著改善患儿baep异常率,对于治疗缺氧缺血性脑病致新生儿听力损伤不失为一种积极有效的治疗方法,能有效改善预后,提高患儿生存质量。

【关键词】 高压氧; 神经节苷酯; 缺氧缺血性脑病; 听力损伤; 新生儿

hyperbaric oxygen combined with ganglioside treatment of

hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy of newborn hearing damage

caused by the clinical observation/ zhang hai-yan, zhang

yan-ping,pan sui-zhuang ,et al.// medical innovation of

china,2012,9(13):059-061

【abstract】 objective:to investigate the hie neonates

before and after treatment of brainstem auditory evoked

potentials (baep) changes, study of hyperbaric oxygen (hbo)

combined with single saliva four sour hexose ganglioside

sodium (gm1) treatment of neonatal hypoxic ischemic

encephalopathy induced by neonatal hearing injury.methods:108 children with hie were randomly divided into the treatment

group (conventional treatment with hyperbaric oxygen

combined with ganglioside treatment) in 78 patients (58

patients with mild hie, hie in 20 cases) and control group

(conventional treatment) in 30 patients (20 patients with

mild hie,10 cases). before treatment and third days after

birth and to test the baep, born forty-second days to review

the baep, were observed before and after treatment of

brainstem auditory evoked potentials (baep) changes.results:abnormal baep controls and hbo combined with gm1 treatment

group after treatment : a control group of 20 cases of

children with mild hie before and after treatment, the

abnormal rate of baep were 60%, 50%, two no significant

difference (p=0.5250) in 10 cases of children with hie before

and after treatment, the abnormal rate of baep were 80%

(8cases) and 50% (n=6), two no significant difference

(p=0.1596); the treatment group before and after treatment

in children with mild hie, abnormal rate of baep were 46.6%

(27 cases), 22.4% (n=13), there is significant difference

between the two (p=0.0062). in severe hie patients before and

after treatment of the abnormal rate of baep were 75% (n=15)

and 35% (n=7), there is significant difference between the

two (p=0.0110).conclusion:hyperbaric oxygen combined with

ganglioside treatment can significantly improve the children

the abnormal rate of baep, for the treatment of hypoxic

ischemic encephalopathy induced by neonatal hearing

impairment is regarded as a kind of active and effective

treatment, can effectively improve the prognosis, improve

the patients quality of life.

【key words】 hyperbaric oxygen; ganglioside; hypoxic

ischemic encephalopathy; newborn hearing impairment

first-author’s address:lianzhou city people’s hospital

of pediatrics, lianzhou 513400,china

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-4985.2012.13.032

新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病(hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy,

hie)是指围生期窒息缺氧导致的缺氧缺血性脑损伤,是新生儿科常见病和多发病[1],也是新生儿病死率和致残率较高的一种疾病。近年来有关围生期缺氧对新生儿听力损伤的报道诸多,已受到一定程度的重视[2],尚无公认的有效治疗方法。baep是早期发现新生儿、婴幼儿听力障碍的有效方法。近年来,有报道在常规治疗基础上应用高压氧联合神经节苷酯治疗,效果显著[3]。本研究通过观察高压氧联合神经节苷酯治疗前后108例hie患儿baep的变化,探讨hb0联合神经节苷酯治疗对hie所致听力损伤的治疗作用。

1 资料与方法

1.1 一般资料 选取本院新生儿科2009年8月-2011年12月住院的hie患儿108例,其中轻度78例,中重度30例,所有患儿均符合2005年中华医学会儿科学分会新生儿学组制定的hie的诊断标准[4]。排除家族性耳聋、早产、颅内出血或感染等其他致听力损害的高危因素。年龄3~14 d,出生体重2.5~4.0 kg,胎龄足37周,按照两种不同的治疗方法,分成治疗组78例(轻度hie 58例,中重度hie 20例)和对照组30例(轻度hie 20例,中重度10例)。

1.2 治疗方法 两组均采取综合治疗措施:(1)镇静、吸氧;(2)纠正酸中毒;(3)合理补液,维持血糖正常;(4)应用脱水剂(甘露醇或速尿)降低颅内压;(5)抗氧化剂及脑细胞代谢药物的应用。治

疗组在生命体征平稳后加用神经节苷酯,20 mg加入到10%葡萄糖注射液30 ml中,静滴,1次/d,10~15 d为一疗程,共2~3个疗程。同时给予高压氧治疗(高压氧舱为使用武汉船舶设计研究所婴幼儿高压氧舱ylc 0.5/1a型医用婴儿氧舱),患儿于安静状态下入氧舱,将进气和出气阀打开,输入氧气,流量为7 l/min,2~3 min后关上出气阀,减慢氧气输入速度,在20 min左右升至所需的0.09

mpa,停止加压,开始换气,并维持此压力30 min,然后打开出气阀缓慢排气,调节排气流量表,使舱内压力在30 min 左右均匀降至零,患儿出舱。1次/d,7~10 d为一疗程,1~2个疗程,间隔10

d左右。婴儿高压氧舱的操作由具备上岗资格的专职人员进行操作。上述药物联合高压氧治疗10 d为1疗程,共3个疗程。baep检查:应用日本光电meb-9104k诱发电位仪,在室温恒定情况下,睡眠中进行。哭闹不安者,可予以适当镇静。取仰卧位,使用氯化银盘状电极,记录电极置于前额或颅顶,参考电极置于刺激同侧乳突,地线接于声刺激对侧耳乳突,皮肤阻抗2.5 s;(2)任一波的pl或ipl侧差>0.13 ms;(3)ⅲ~ⅴ/ⅰ~ⅲ>1;(4)ⅰ、ⅲ、ⅴ波中任一波的波形消失[5]。

1.4 统计学处理 采用spss 13.0软件分析,计数资料采用字2检验。p<0.05为差异有统计学意义。