管理类联考英语二翻译专题

MBA联考-英语(二)-26(总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、Section Ⅰ Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The technology industry is at war over intellectual property. On May 7th the first 1 of a three-part fight between Oracle and Google over patent and copyright claims relating to the Java programming language ended in a decision that denied outright victory to either firm. Apple, Samsung and others are 2 over smartphone patents. Facebook and Yahoo! are at 3 over internet patents. Accusations abound 4 innovation is taking a 5 seat to lawsuits. Only the lawyers are smiling.All of 6 makes this a good time to 7 a new approach to trading intellectual property, says Gerard Pannekoek, the boss of IPXI, a new financial 8 that lets companies buy, sell and hold patent rights, just like any other 9 . The idea is to offer a patent or group of patents as "unit licence rights" (ULRs), which can be bought and sold like 10 . A ULR 11 a one-time right to use a particular technology in 12 product: a new type of airbag sensor in a car, 13 . If a company wants to use the technology in 100,000 cars, it buys 100,000 ULRs at the market price. ULRs are also expected to be traded on secondary markets.This is simpler, faster and cheaper than the lawyer-intensive process of negotiating bilateral licences for intellectual property, the high cost of which discriminates 14 small companies, leaves patents unused on the shelf and 15 innovation. IPXI"s approach does not 16 for all types of intellectual property—it does not 17 exclusive licensing, for example—but should make it 18 for companies to make money from their inventions. "It"s a good form of funding for start-ups," suggests Mr. Pannekoek.The exchange has 19 30 members including Philips, an electronics giant, and several universities and research laboratories. On May 4th IPXI published the rulebook that 20 how the exchange will work, and it expects to open for business later this year. Its novel approach is ideal for the open, non-exclusive licensing of smartphone-related patents, says Ruud Peters, chief intellectual-property officer at Philips.（分数：10.00）A.circleB.roundC.turnD.orderA.battlingpetingC.fightingD.strivingA.loggerheadsB.disagreementsC.disputesD.controversiesA.whichB.whatC.whereD.thatA.backB.frontC.foreD.forwardA.itC.whatD.whichA.putB.applyC.addunchA.institutionB.exchangeanizationD.enterpriseA.propertyB.estateC.assetD.capitalA.goodsB.sharesC.fundsD.interestsA.submitsB.transmitsC.grantsD.deliversA.singleB.peculiarC.uniqueD.separateA.for exampleB.on averageC.in principleD.above allA.overB.forC.ofD.againstA.promotesB.hampersC.forbidsD.enhancesA.impressB.affectC.applyD.workA.agreeB.allowC.includeD.involveA.more difficultB.simplerD.more complexA.signed upB.signed forC.signed onD.signed offA.controlsernsC.managesD.rules二、Section Ⅱ Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The list of famous companies founded during economic downturns is long and varied. A 2009 study found that over half of Fortune 500 companies got their start during a downturn or a bear market.A recession, it seems, may not be an entirely bad time to start a company. Indeed, busts (and booms) cast a longer shadow on the business landscape than is commonly realised, because they influence both the rate of business formation and how existing firms are run.Some argue that recessions speed up the process of economic restructuring—what Joseph Schumpeter called " creative destruction ". The destruction part is easy to see: downturns kill businesses, leaving boarded-up windows on the high street as their gravestones. But recessions may also spur the creation of new businesses.When people suddenly have less money to spend, clever entrepreneurs may see an opportunity to set up businesses that give them what they want more cheaply or efficiently. Downturns may also swell the ranks of potential firm creators, because many who might otherwise have sought a stable salary will reinvent themselves as entrepreneurs.Tough times do not suddenly prompt everyone to start a business. The vast majority of people who reach working age during a downturn still look for a job. But research also suggests that recessions have lasting effects on how executives manage businesses. Antoinette Schoar and Luo Zuo of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology found that those who began their management careers during a bust were substantially more risk-averse, took on less debt and generally were more conservative managers than the rest of the sample, even many decades later. That will strike critics of the over-leveraged company as thoroughly good news, but it is hard to say whether this effect is entirely benign.Bosses whose careers began in a recession also tend to be so concerned about cost-effectiveness that the companies they go on to run spend less on research and development. They may thus be too conservative: firms with bosses whose professional baptism came in a weak economy have lower returns on assets than those run by other managers. Why should this be? One plausible explanation is that recessions affect the way people take decisions.Whether they were set up during a boom or a bust, today"s firms are deeply affected by the economic fluctuations of the past.（分数：10.00）(1).It can be inferred from the first paragraph that ______.（分数：2.00）A.the economic downturn is suitable for start-upsB.most of Fortune 500 companies were set up during a bear marketC.a bust may not be an entirely bad time to create new businessesD.it is quite easy to start a company in a recession(2).By saying "creative destruction" (Para. 2), the author means that downturns ______.（分数：2.00）A.kill businesses in a creative wayB.create new businesses while killing businessesC.slow down the process of economic restructuringD.have a positive effect on the economy(3).Recessions may spur the creation of new businesses probably because ______.（分数：2.00）A.they decrease the number of potential competitorsB.they decrease the number of potential employeesC.they increase the number of clever firm creatorsD.they increase the number of potential entrepreneurs(4).The managers who began their careers in a recession don"t tend to be ______.（分数：2.00）A.heavily in debtB.risk-averseC.concerned about cost-effectivenessD.too conservative(5).The main idea of this text could be ______.（分数：2.00）A.the influence of recessions on new businessesB.the influence of recessions on existing firmsC.the influence of recessions on entrepreneurs and managersD.the influence of recessions on creation and destruction五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)McDonald"s, the burger behemoth announced a 5.2% drop in profits for the first three months of 2014 and a 1.7% decrease in same store sales in the U.S. President and CEO Don Thompson emphasized that McDonald"s would be focusing on its core products, like its Big Mac, Egg McMuffin, and its famous french fries.Thompson"s back-to-basics vow comes in response to the sort of menu creep the chain experienced in 2013, when it rolled out a seemingly endless stream of limited time offers. After all, those special promotions and innovations didn"t do much good. Same-store sales slipped by 0.2% in the U.S. last year, and chief operating officer Tim Fenton admitted that the fast-food chain "stumbled a bit, in 2013, with too many new products, too fast and we created a lot of complexity." Thompson said that McDonald"s "core products are familiar favorites for our customers. They truly represent McDonald"s to all of our customers, and at about 40% of total sales, they are an incredible business asset for us that requires a constant publicity and promotion."When McDonald"s first got off the ground in the 1940s, it had a nine-item menu made up of hamburger, cheeseburger, soft drinks, milk, coffee, potato chips, and a slice of pie. It built its iconic reputation on guaranteeing that these food and beverage items would have the same great taste no matter the McDonald"s location at which they were served.But as time goes on, too much menu diversification, which McDonald"s has suffered from of late, leads to longer customer wait times in an industry built on speed. "What McDonald"s workers do inside those four walls is really impressive. Everyone has their time and place, and their entire job is done in two or three steps," says Howard Penney, managing director at Hedgeye Risk Management. Adding more processes that come with a bigger menu, specifically the smoothie and espresso machines, has disrupted McDonald"s restaurants" time and motion. It takes a lot longer to make a smoothie than it does to pour a fountain Coke. "Everything they"ve done to become all things to all people has slowed service," Penney says. All in all, going back to its roots could be just what McDonald"s needs.（分数：10.00）(1).Why Don Thompson emphasized McDonald"s would be focusing on its core products?（分数：2.00）A.New products taste awful and weirdB.Core products are kept quality easilyC.New products benefit the company littleD.Core products are praised by customers(2).We can infer from Paragraph 2 that extensive menus bring McDonald"s more ______.（分数：2.00）A.annual earningsB.fans and customersC.investment projectsD.turnover declines(3).According to the passage, what"s the serious problem that McDonald"s nowadays faces?（分数：2.00）A.Fixed traditional products make customers feel weariedB.Varied products cause low-level working efficiencyC.The making process of fast-food becomes more complicatedD.The taste is no longer the same among different service sites(4).What"s the author"s attitude toward McDonald"s present situation?（分数：2.00）A.SkepticismB.ObjectivenessC.IndifferenceD.Approval(5).For McDonald"s, what is the key point to solve the current problem?（分数：2.00）A.Improving products" diversityB.Building strong brand positionC.Promoting main productsD.Scaling back stores六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Some futurologists have assumed that the vast upsurge of women in the workforce may portend a rejection of marriage. Many women, according to this hypothesis, would rather work than marry. The converse of this concern is that the prospects of becoming a multi-paycheck household could encourage marriages. In the past, only the earnings and financial prospects of the man counted in the marriage decision. Now, however, the earning ability of a woman can make her more attractive as a marriage partner. Data show that economic downturns tend to postpone marriage because the parties cannot afford to establish a family or are concerned about rainy days ahead. As the economy rebounds, the number of marriages also rises.Coincident with the increase in women working outside the home is the increase in divorce rates. Yet, it may be wrong to jump to any simple cause-and-effect conclusions. The impact of a wife"s work on divorce is no less cloudy than its impact on marriage decisions. The realization that she can be a good provider may increase the chances that a working wife will choose divorce over an unsatisfactory marriage. But the reverse is equally plausible. Tensions grounded in financial problems often play a key role in ending a marriage. Given high unemployment, inflationary problems, and slow growth in real earnings, a working wife can increase household income and relieve some of these pressing financial burdens. By raising a family"s standard of living, a working wife may strengthen her family"s financial and emotional stability.Psychological factors also should be considered. For example, a wife blocked from a career outside the home may feel caged in the house. She may view her only choice as seeking a divorce. On the other hand, if she can find fulfillment through work outside the home, work and marriage can go together to create a stronger and more stable union.Also, a major part of women"s inequality in marriage has been due to the fact that, in most cases, men have remained the main breadwinners. With higher earning capacity and status occupations outside of the home comes the Capacity to exercise power within the family. A working wife may rob a husband of being the master of the house. Depending upon how the couple reacts to thesenew conditions, it could create a stronger equal partnership or it could create new insecurities.（分数：10.00）(1).The word "portend" (Sentence 1, Para. 1) is closest in meaning to "______".（分数：2.00）A.defyB.signalC.suffer fromD.result from(2).It is said in the passage that when the economy slides, ______.（分数：2.00）A.men would choose working women as their marriage partnersB.more women would get married to seek financial securityC.even working women would worry about their marriagesD.more people would prefer to remain single for the time being(3).If women find fulfillment through work outside the home, ______.（分数：2.00）A.they are more likely to dominate their marriage partnersB.their husbands are expected to do more houseworkC.their marriage ties can be strengthenedD.they tend to put their career before marriage(4).One reason why women with no career may seek a divorce is that ______.（分数：2.00）A.they feel that they have been robbed of their freedomB.they are afraid of being bossed around by their husbandsC.they feel that their partners fail to live up to their expectationsD.they tend to suspect their husbands" loyalty to their marriage(5).Which of the following statements can best summarize the author"s view in the passage?（分数：2.00）A.The stability of marriage and the divorce rate may reflect the economic situation of the countryB.Even when economically independent, most women have to struggle for real equality in marriageC.In order to secure their marriage women should work outside the home and remain independentD.The impact of the growing female workforce on marriage varies from case to case七、Text 4(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Crying is hardly an activity encouraged by society. Tears, whether they are of sorrow, anger, or joy, typically make Americans feel uncomfortable and embarrassed. The shedder of tears is likely to apologize, even when a devastating tragedy was the provocation. The observer of tears is likely to do everything possible to put an end to the emotional outpouring. But judging from recent studies of crying behavior, links between illness and crying and the chemical composition of tears, both those responses to tears are often inappropriate and may even be counterproductive . Humans are the only animals definitely known to shed emotiomal tears. Since evolution has given rise to few, if any, purposeless physiological responses, it is logical to assume that crying has one or more functions that enhance survival.Although some observers have suggested that crying is a way to elicit assistance from others (as a crying baby might from its mother), the shedding of tears is hardly necessary to get help. Vocal cries would have been quite enough, more likely than tears to gain attention. So, it appears, there must be something special about tears themselves.Indeed, the new studies suggest that emotional tears may play a direct role in alleviating stress. University of Minnesota researchers who are studying the chemical composition of tears have recently isolated two important chemicals from emotional tears. Both chemicals are found only in tears that are shed in response to emotion. Tears shed because of exposure to cut onion would contain no such substance.Researchers at several other institutions are investigating the usefulness of tears as a meansof diagnosing human ills and monitoring drugs.At Tulane University"s Tear Analysis Laboratory Dr. Peter Kastl and his colleagues report that they can use tears to detect drug abuse and exposure to medication, to determine whether a contact lens fits properly of why it may be uncomfortable, to study the causes of "dry eye" syndrome and the effects of eye surgery, and perhaps even to measure exposure to environmental pollutants. At Columbia University Dt. Liasy Faris and colleagues are studying tears for clues to the diagnosis of diseases away from the eyes. Tears can be obtained painlessly without invading the body and only tiny amounts are needed to perform highly refined analyses.（分数：10.00）(1).It is known from the first paragraph that ______.（分数：2.00）A.crying usually wins sympathy from other peopleB.crying may often imitate people or even result in tragedyC.shedding tears gives unpleasant feelings to AmericansD.one who sheds tears in public will be blamed(2).What does "both those responses to tears" (Para. 1) refer to?（分数：2.00）A.Crying out of sorrow and shedding tears for happinessB.The tear shedder"s apology and the observer"s effort to stop the cryingC.The embarrassment and unpleasant sensation of the observersD.Linking illness with crying and finding the chemical composition of tears(3)."Counterproductive" (Para. 1) very probably means ______.（分数：2.00）A."having no effect at all"B."leading to tension"C."producing disastrous impact"D."harmful to health"(4).What does the author say about crying?（分数：2.00）A.It must have a role to play in man"s survivalB.It is a pointless physiological response to the environmentC.It is meant to get attention and assistanceD.It usually produces the desired effect(5).What can be inferred from the new studies of tears?（分数：2.00）A.Environmental pollutants can induce the shedding of emotional tearsB.Exposure to excessive medication may increase emotional tearsC.Emotional tears can give rise to "dry eye" syndrome in some casesD.Emotional tears have the function of reducing stress八、Part B(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Examples and rumours abound of companies being burgled by cyberfrauds, cyberspooks orcyber-mischief-makers. On June 26th America"s Federal Trade Commission sued Wyndham Worldwide, a hotel group, alleging that security failures at the company in 2008 and 2009 had led to the export of hundreds of thousands of guests" payment-card account numbers to a domain registered in Russia. The FTC says "millions of dollars" were lost to fraud. Wyndham says it knows of no customers who lost money and that the FTC"s claims are "without merit".Working out the cost of cybercrime is a devil of a job. The FTC and Wyndham are poles apart on their estimates of the effect of the credit-card thefts. Companies say they are under constant cyber-attack in ever more ingenious forms, but they are loth to say in public how often the raiders get through and how much damage they do—assuming that the breach is spotted. That suggests the damage is underreported. When they are speaking to the security services they may be more forthcoming, but will they be accurate? Companies might anyway have lost some of the business written off to cybercrime. In that case, Mr. Evans"s ￡800 million would be on the high side. In a report by Britain"s Cabinet Office last year, Detica, the software arm of BAE Systems, a defence company, put the cost of cybercrime to the country at a staggering ￡27 billion, or 1.8%of GDP. Businesses bore ￡21 billion, mostly because of the theft of secrets and industrial espionage. Lots of people doubted these numbers—including, it seems, the Ministry of Defence, which commissioned a study from a team led by Ross Anderson, a computer-security expert at Cambridge University.The team"s report, published this month, shies away from adding up totals, preferring to assess the costs of different types of crime in turn, but comes up with much lower figures—partly because it discounts Detica"s numbers for intellectual-property theft and espionage entirely, saying they have "no obvious foundation". Most of the cost of cybercrime, it concludes, is indirect, such as spending on antivirus software or other corporate defences. In other words, a lot goes on payments by one lot of businesses to another: the computer-security industry.That may be inevitable. Cyber-attacks are happening more often and are becoming more precisely targeted. Greg Day, the chief technology officer for security in the European business of Symantec, a computer-security firm, says that for years cybercrime was more or less "random", as crooks looked for any holes they could find anywhere. In the past couple of years, however, they have chosen their corporate targets more precisely. Symantec observed virtually no targeted attacks before Stuxnet, a worm that attacked industrial-control systems, appeared in 2010. Last December it spotted an average of 154 a day.The bad guys are increasingly using social media to try to find a way in, either by gathering intelligence or by befriending employees who may be tricked into opening an e-mail with nasty code within. People, a security-industry adage runs, are the weakest link. Training them to be careful may still be the best defence.A. acquired by the computer-security industry.B. speaking in public how much damage the cybercrime does.C. estimation of the effect of the credit-card thefts.D. letting out the clients" payment-card account numbers.E. Britain has invested a lot of money to prevent cybercrime.F. spent on antivirus software or other corporate defences diretly.G. cybercrime is more purposeful than before.（分数：10.00）(1).FTC sues Wyndham for（分数：2.00）(2).The FTC and Wyndham are different in（分数：2.00）(3).Britain"s Cabinet Office"s report shows that（分数：2.00）(4).Most of the cost of cybercrime is（分数：2.00）(5).Greg Day probably agrees that（分数：2.00）九、Section Ⅲ Translatio(总题数：1，分数：15.00)1.Suddenly, as you may have noticed, millennials are everywhere. Not that this group of people born after 1980 and before 2000—a giant group now estimated to number at least 80 million Americans, more than the baby boom generation—was ever invisible. What"s changed is their status. Spoiled and helicoptered, catered to by 24-hour TV cable networks, fussed over by marketers and college recruiters, analyzed by psychologists, demographers and trend-spotters, the millennial generation has come fully into its own. The word "millennial," whether as noun or adjective, has monopolized the nonstop cultural conversation, invariably freighted with time spirit import. The New York Times is no exception. A recent search of The New York Times database turned up no fewer than 122 mentions of "millennial" so far in 2014, on topics ranging from TV and pop music to travel and literature.（分数：15.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 十、Section Ⅳ Writing(总题数：0，分数：0.00)十一、Part A(总题数：1，分数：10.00)2.Directions:Suppose you have damaged your friend"s computer when you lived in his house a few days ago. Write him a letter to1) make an apology, and2) suggest a solution.You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your own name. Use "Li Ming" instead.Do not write the address.（分数：10.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 十二、Part B(总题数：1，分数：15.00)3.Directions:Write an essay based on the following chart, in your writing, you should1) interpret the chart, and2) give your comments.You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET.15.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________。

例文：
Dear friends, I am really happy to know you are going to visit
China.Because all of you are interested in Chinese culture,I will plan a tour of Badaling Great Wall,a famous historical and cultural site for you.I will briefly introduce the scene spots and some tips for you.
2/2
Once again,Welcome to China.I am looking forward to seeing you soon.If you want more informations,please don’t hesitate to contact me in time.
Yours Sincerely, Li Ming
Badaling Great Wall is located Beijing,which is one of important parts of the great defence project of
1/2
2020）】
ancient China.Inside Badaling Great Wall,you can see the city wall,city platform,enemy tower and other military defense facilities,from which you can understand the history of ancient Chinese war.In order to a smooth play,please bring your student ID card and enjoy a certain discount.In addition,please don’t forget take cold proof clothes with you during the tour,because the Great Wall is windy.

近十年管理类联考英语翻译真题与答案汇总在2018年的联考大纲中,英语翻译共15分.而很多考生的翻译往往都是丢分项,友课教育整理了近10年的英语翻译题与参考答案,大家可以适当练练手.2007Powering the great ongoing changes of our time is the rise of human creativity as the defining feature of economic life.Creativity has come to be valued,because new technologies,new industries and new wealth flow from it.And as a result,our lives and society have begun to echo with creative ideas.It is our commitment to creativity in its varied dimensions that forms the underlying spirit of our age.Creativity is essential to the way we live and work today,and in many senses always has been.The big advances in standard of living--not to mention the big competitive advantages in the marketplace--always have come from"better recipes,not just more cooking."One might argue that's not strictly true.One might point out,for instance,that during the long period from the early days on the Industrial Revolution to modern times,much of the growth in productivity and material wealth in the industrial nations came not just from creative inventions like the steam engine,but from the widespread application of"cooking in quantity"business methods like massive division of labor,concentration of assets,vertical integration and economies of scale.But those methods themselves were creative developments.人类创造力的提升,作为经济生活所定义的特征,为我们这个时代正在发生的巨大变化,提供了巨大的动力.因为新的技术,新的工业,新的财富都伴随着创造力产生,创造力逐渐受到重视.所以,我们的生活中和社会中,开始回响着创造性的思想.正是我们在各个方面对创造力的认同,形成了我们这个时代潜在的精神.创造力对于我们今天的生活和工作是致关重要的,从许多意义上来说曾经也是.在不设计大市场中大的竞争优势的情况下,生活水平的大幅度提高总是来自更好的食谱,而不是更多的烹饪.也许会有人提出这并不完全正确.有人也许会举例指出,从早期的工业革命到现代化时代这么长的时期内,在工业领域中,许多生产效率的进步和物质财富的增长并不仅仅来源煜创造性的发明,如蒸气机,还来源于讲求量的商业方法的广泛应用,比如大规模的劳动力划分,资本集中,纵向联合和经济规模.但是这些方法本身就是创造性的发展.2008The term〞business model〞first came into widespread use with the invention of personal computer and the spreadsheet<空白表格程序>.Before the spreadsheet,business planning usually meant producing a single forecast.At best,you did a little sensitivity analysis around the projection.The spreadsheet ushered in a much more analytic approach to planning because every major line item could be pulled apart,its components and subcomponents analyzed and tested.You could ask what-if questions about the critical assumptions on which.your business depended-for example,what if customers are more price-sensitive than we thought?-and with a few keystrokes,you could see how any change would play out on every aspect of the whole.In other words,you could model the behavior of a business.Before the computer changed the nature of business planning,most successful business models were created more by accident than by elaborate design.By enabling companies to tie their marketplace insights much more tightly to the resulting economics,spread sheet made it possible to model business before they were launched.随着个人计算机和空白表格程序的发明,〞商业模型〞这个属于首次得到了大规模的使用,空白表格程序被发明前,商业计划通常以为着产生一个单一的预测,充其量,你也只能在此单一预测的基础上再做一些敏感性分析.空白表格程序开启了一种更具分析性的规划方法,其原因是空白表格程序中的每一行中的项目都可以被拆分,其中的每一个部分与字部分都可以被分析和测试.你可以对你的商业外所以来的关键设想提出〞的问题,例如,"如果顾客对价格的敏感度超过了我们的预期怎么办〞,只需敲击几下键盘,你就可以看到某个变化对全局的各个方面回产生怎么样的影响,换句话说,你可以对商业的行为建立模型.在计算机改变了商业规划的本质之前,绝大部分成功的商业规划与其说是策划出来的,不如说是运气使然.空白表格程序将公司的时常洞察力与相应的经济结果更为紧密的联系起来,从而使公司在商业运营开始前建立商业模型变为可能.2009With the nation’s financial system teetering on a cliff.The compensation arrangements for executives of the big banks and other financial firms are coming under close examination again.Bankers’excessive risk-taking is a significant cause of this financial crisis and has continued,to others in the past,in this case,it was fueled by low interest rates and kept going by a false sense of security created by a debt-fueled bubble in the economy.Mortgage lenders gladly lent enormous sums to those who could not afford to pay them back dividing the laws and selling them off to the next financial institution along thechain,advantage of the same high-tech securitization to load on more risky mortgage-based assets.Financial regulation will have to catch up with the most irresponsible practices that led banks down in this road,in hopes averting the next crisis,which is likely to involve different financial techniques and different sorts of assets.But it is worth examining the root problem of compensation schemes that are tied to short-term profits and revenue’s,and thus encourage bankers to take irresponsible risks.由于国家金融体制处于危机边缘动荡,一些大银行和金融机构中的高级管理人员的补偿金计划就受到密切关注.银行家们过度冒险是金融危机的至关重要原因,在历史上也有类似情况.在这种情况下,一般是由低息引起并造成持续的错觉,其实是一种债务泡沫经济.抵押贷款人很乐意把大量资金借给无力偿还的人,就把贷款瓜分了,并沿这样的链条出售给下一个金融机构,这些做法都在利用高科技证券业,结果,却增加了抵押资产的风险.金融条例必须能应付这种能使银行下滑的,最不负责任的做法,以期扭转下一个危机,而这下一个危机很可能包括有各种类型的技术和资产.但值得审视补偿金计划的根本问题,因为那是眼前利益,但却让银行家们不负责任的甘冒风险.2010"Sustainability〞has become a popular word these days,but to Ted Ning,the concept will always have personal meaning.Having endured a painful period of unsustainability in his own life made it clear to him that sustainability-oriented values must be expressed through everyday action and choice.Ning recalls spending a confusing year in the late 1990s selling insurance.He’d been through the dot-com boom and burst and,desperate for a job,signed on with a bounder agency.It didn’t go will."It was a really bad move because that’s not my passion,〞says Ning,whose dilemma about the job translated,predictably,into a lack of sales.〞I was miserable.I had so much anxiety that I would wake up in the middle of the night and stare at the ceiling.I had no money and needed the job.Everyone said,"Just wait,you’ll turn the corner,give it some time.〞本质如今已成一个热门话题,但对TedNing而言,这个概念一直有个人含义,经历了一段痛苦非本质个人生活,使他清楚面向本质的价值观,必须惯彻每天的行动和选择中.Ning回忆起了1990年代,买保险的迷茫时光,他通过蓬勃兴起的网络疯狂找工作与Boulder代理机构签了约.事情进展不顺利,TedNing说到：那真是个糟糕的选择,因为我对此没有激情,可以预料到他在工作中的矛盾能解释为没有业务NING说：我很痛苦渴望午夜起来盯着天花板,我没钱需要工作,每个人都说等吧,只要有耐心会好转的.2011Who would have thought that,globally,the IT industry produces about the same volume of greenhouse gases as the world's airlines do-roughly 2 percent of all CO2 emissions?Many everyday tasks take a surprising toll on the environment.A Google search can leak between 0.2 and 7.0 grams of CO2,depending on how many attempts are needed to get the"right"answer.To deliver results to its users quickly,then,Google has to maintain vast data centres round the world,packed with powerful computers.While producing large quantities of CO2,these computers emit a great deal of heat,so the centres need to be wellair-conditioned,which uses even more energy.However,Google and other big tech providers monitor their efficiency closely and make improvements.Monitoring is the first step on the road to reduction,but there is much more to be done,and not just by big companies.有谁会想到,在全球X围内,IT行业产生的温室气体跟全球航空公司产生的一样多?占二氧化碳总排量的2%.很多日常工作对环境造成了让人震惊的破坏作用.根据你查询正确答案的尝试次数,谷歌搜索引擎会插手0.2-7克的二氧化碳的排放量.要快速将结果传递给用户,谷歌必须用强大和大量的计算机系统来维护全球巨大的数据库中心.这些计算机在散发大量热量的同时也产生大量的二氧化碳气体.所以中心处理器必须要有很好的散热装备,然而却耗能更多.2012When people in developing countries worry about migration,they are usually concerned at the prospect of ther best and brightest departure to Silicon Valley or to hospitals and universities in the developed world,These are the kind of workers that countries like Britian,Canada and Australia try to attract by using immigration rules that privilege college graduates.Lots of studies have found that well-educated people from developing countries are particularly likely to emigrate.A big survey of Indian households in 2004 found that nearly 40%of emigrants had more than a high-school education,compared with around 3.3%of all Indians over the age of 25.This"brain drain〞has long bothered policymakers in poor countries,They fear that it hurts their economies,depriving them of much-needed skilled workers who could have taught at their universities,worked in their hospitals and come up with clever new products for their factories to make.发展中国家的人们为移民忧虑时,他们通常担忧的是离开自己国家去去硅谷或发达国家的医院和大学的最优秀、最聪明的群体的前景.这些劳动者正是像英国、加拿大、澳大利亚这样的国家通过赋予受过大学教育者以特权的移民法想要吸引的人群.很多研究发现,来自发展中国家的那些受到良好教育的人们极有可能选择移居他国.20##对印度家庭开展了一项广泛的调查,结果显示约40%的移民受过高中以上的教育.相比而言,在所有年龄超过25岁的印度人中,受过高中以上教育的人数比例只有约3.3%."人才流失〞一直困扰着贫穷国家的政策制定者们.他们担心这会对本国的经济造成损害,造成国家急需的技工的流失.这些技术人员可能曾在他们的大学教学,也可能曾在他们的医院工作,或者曾经构想出智能化的新产品让他们的工厂去生产.2013I can pick a date from the past 53 years and know instantly where I was,what happened in the news and even the day of the week,I’ve been able to do this,since I was four.I never feel overwhelmed with the amount of information my brain absorbs.My mind seems to be able to cope and the information is stored away neatly.When I think of a sad memory,I do what everybody does-try to put it to one side.I don’t think it’s harder for me just because my memory is clearer.Powerful memory doesn’t make my emotions any more acute or vivid.I can recall the day my grandfather died and the sadness I felt when we went to the hospital the day of the week the day of the week day before.I also remember that the musical play Hair opened on Broadway on the same day-they both just pop into my mind in the same way.从过去的53年里随便找出哪一天,我都能够立刻想起那一天我在哪里,那一天发生了什么新闻,甚至那一天是星期几.从4岁起,我就能这么做了.我从来没有为自己所记住的大量的信息而感到不知所措.我的大脑似乎能够应对这种状况,能够有条理地将这些信息记在脑子里.当我想起悲伤的事情时,我会像每个人一样,尽力把它放在一边,不去想它.我并不认因为我的记忆非常强而导致很难把不高兴的事情放在一边.强大的记忆力并不能使我的情感更加敏锐和生动.我能够记得我祖父去世的那一天,以与前一天我们去医院的路上所感到的悲伤.同样,我也能记得同一天在百老汇上演的音乐剧《Hair》——这些事情都以同样的方式在我脑海里突然浮现.2014Most people would define optimism as being endlessly happy,with a glass that’s perpetually half full.But that’s exactly the kind of false cheerfulness that positive psychologists would not recommend."Healthy optimism means being in touch with reality,〞says Taal Ben-Shah-ar,a Harvard professor.According to Ben-Shah-ar,realistic optimists are those who make the best of things that happen,but not those who believe everything happens for the best.Ben-Shah-ar uses three optimistic exercises.When he feels down—say,after giving a bad lecture—he grants himself permission to be human.He reminds himself that not every lecture can be a Nobel winner,some will be less effective than others.Next is reconstruction.He analyzes the weak lecture,learning lessons for the future about what works and what doesnot.Finally,there is perspective,which involves acknowledging that in the grand scheme of life,one lecture really does not matter.在大部分人眼中,乐观主义就意味着永远满怀希望、无忧无虑,遇事只往好的方面想.然而积极心理学专家认为这种乐观只是假象,不建议人们这么做.哈佛大学教授塔尔·本沙哈尔指出："健康的乐观主义应该是切合实际的.〞他认为,现实的乐观主义者会尽力让事事顺利,而不是迷信万事大吉.本沙哈尔提出了"三步乐观法〞.第一步：在碰到例如演讲表现糟糕这种让人沮丧的情况时,他首先会安慰自己人非圣贤,不是所有的演讲都能拿到诺贝尔奖,总会有些演讲的效果不如他人.第二步：重现场景.他会对这次失败的演讲进行分析,总结优缺点,为以后的演讲吸取经验教训.第三步：形成这样一个观念,要明白在生命的宏大蓝图中,一次演讲着实微不足道.2015Think about driving a route that's very familiar.It could be your commute to work,a trip into town or the way home.Whichever it is,you know every twist and turn like the back of your hand.On these sorts of trips it's easy tolose concentration on the driving and pay little attention to the passing scenery.The consequence is that you perceive that the trip has taken less time thanit actually has.This is the well-travelled road effect:people tend to underestimate the time it takes to travel a familiar route.The effect is caused by the way we allocate our attention.When we travel down awell-known route,because we don't have to concentrate much,time seems to flow more quickly.And afterwards,when we come to think back on it,we can't remember the journey well because we didn't pay much attention to it.So we assume it wasshorter.设想一下,你正开车行驶在一条非常熟悉的路线上.可能是你每天上下班、去城里、或是回家的路.不管是哪一条路,你对每一个拐每一个弯都了如指掌,非常熟悉.在这样的路途中,我们容易在开车的时候心不在焉,对途中的景色也几乎是全然不顾.如此一来,你会觉得路上所花的时间比实际要少.这就是"熟悉路线效应"：人们往往会低估行驶在熟悉的路上所花费的时间.这一效应由我们分配精力的方式引起.当行驶在熟悉的路上时,由于我们不用太过集中精力,时间似乎飞逝而过.随后,我们回想行车过程时,由于我们没有过多关注,所以对行车的印象也很模糊.因此我们会认为花费的时间会更短些.2016The supermarket is designed to lure customers into spending as much time as possible within its doors.The reason for this is simple:The longer you stay in the store,the more stuff you’ll see,and the more stuff you see,the more you’ll buy.And supermarkets contain a lot of stuff.The average supermarket,according to the Food Market Institute,carries some 44,000 different items,and many carry tens of thousands more.The sheer volume of available choice is enough to send shoppers into a state of information overload.According to brain-scan experiments,the demands of so much decision-making quickly become too much for us.After about 40 minutes of shopping,most people stop struggling to be rationally selective,and instead begin shopping emotionally—which is the point at which we accumulate the 50 percent of stuff in our cart that we never intended buying.超市旨在吸引顾客在店里停留尽可能长的时间.原因非常简单：顾客在店里停留的时间越长,看到的商品越多；看到的商品越多,买的也就越多.超市陈列了大量的商品.根据食品市场科的调查,一般超市里有约44000种不同的商品,许多超市都有上万种.如此众多的选择足以使顾客陷入信息量超载的状态.根据脑部扫描实验,需要迅速地做出这么多决定就会使我们太累.大约购物40分钟以后,大多数人就放弃了去做理性的选择,取而代之的是冲动购物——正是此时,我们在购物车里已经装了一半根本没想买的东西.2017My DreamMy dream has always been to work somewhere in an area between fashion and publishing.Two years before graduating from secondary school,I took a sewing and design course thinking that I would move on to a fashion design course.However,during that course I realised that I was not good enough in this area to compete with other creative personalities in the future,so I decided that it was not the right path for me.Before applying for university I told everyone that I would study journalism,because writing was,and still is,one of my favourite activities.But,to be absolutely honest,I said it,because I thought that fashion and me together was just a dream-Iknew that no one,apart from myself,could imagine me in the fashion industry atall!So I decided to look for some fashion-related courses that included writing.This is when I noticed the course"Fashion Media&Promotion.〞我的梦想我的梦想一直是在时装设计和出版领域找寻一份工作.在我中学毕业的两年前,我选修了一门"缝纫和设计〞课程,并且以为我能再继续学习一个时装设计的课程.然而,就在这个课程的学习过程中,我意识到,将来在这个领域,我是无法与那些富于创新精神的精英们相比的.于是,我断定这条路行不通.在申请上大学之前,我对所有人都讲,我想学新闻学,因为,写作曾经是并且现在也一直是我最喜欢的事情之一.但是,说实话,我之所以这样说,是因为我认为从事时装设计不过是我的一个梦想,我也知道,除了我之外,没有人能想象出我会从事时装设计的工作.因此,我决定去寻找一些课程,既与时尚相关、又涉与写作.就在这时,我注意到了《时尚媒体与营销》这门课程.。

The finger-pointing began immediately: the frozen wind turbines foolishly replaced traditional sources. No, fossil fuels were at fault. No, Texas’s deregulated power market had allowed companies to ignore maintenance and upgrade s.As the hours ticked by / and millions more were plunge d into frozen darkness, a more sober reality emerged. The greatest forced blackout in U.S. history was the result / of a systemic and multifaceted failure. There are no promises / of when power will be restore d / and little likelihood that / the episode won’t be repeated in a corner of the country / hard hit by climate change.finger-pointing fault plunge failure immediately fossil fuels sober restore frozen deregulate reality likelihood replace allow emerge repeat traditional maintenance force episode sources upgrade systemic climatechange单词词义finger-pointing n.指责finger n.手指，指针；v.用手指触摸，拨弄point n. 要点；得分；标点；v.表明；指向appoint vt. 任命；指定；约定appointment n. 任命；约定；任命的职位单词词义immediately adv. 立即地，直接地immediate adj. 立即的，直接的media n.媒体，媒介medium n.媒体，媒介，中间物；adj.中等的，中间的middle adj. 中间的，中部的；中级的，中等的； n.中间，中央midst n. 当中，中间meddle v. 干涉，管闲事，干预他人之事interfere vi. 干涉；妨碍；打扰；介入intervene vi. 干涉；调停；插入modest adj. 谦虚的，谦逊的；适度的；端庄的；羞怯的frozen adj.冰冻的，寒冷的freeze v. 冻住，冰冻，凝结； n.冻结；凝固；停止；freezer n. 冰箱，冷库replace v.代替，取代；放回原处substitute n.代用品；代替者； v.替代place n. 地点； v.放置location n. 位置，地点locate v. 位于..，定位...，定居local adj. 当地的，局部的； n.当地人；traditional adj.传统的，惯例的tradition n. 惯例，传统；传说convention n. 大会；惯例，习俗conventional adj. 符合习俗的，传统的；常见的；惯例的convene v. 召集，集合custom n. 习惯，惯例；风俗； adj.定做的，定制的customer n. 顾客；家伙sources n.来源，原始资料resourse n. 资源，财力；办法；智谋v.向...提供资金fund n. 基金；资金；存款v.投资；资助fundamental adj. 基本的，根本的n.基本原理；基本原则found v. 创立，建立；创办foundation n. 基础；地基；基金会；根据；创立finance n. 财政，财政学；金融v.负担经费，供给…经费financial adj. 金融的；财政的，财务的fault n.缺点，错误false adj. 错误的；虚伪的；伪造的fossil fuels n.化石燃料deregulate v.解除管制regulate v. 调节；规定；控制；有系统地管理regulation n. 管理；规则；校准regular adj. 经常的；定期的；有规律的；n.常客；中坚分子routine n. 常规，惯例；一套动作；adj.常规的，例行的；平常的；route n. 路线，航线；道路；固定路线；途径，渠道；allow v. 允许，认可allowance n. 津贴，零用钱；允许；限额permit v. 允许，许可permission n. 允许，许可license n. 执照，许可证；特许；vt.许可；特许；发许可证给maintenance n. 维护，保持maintain v. 维持；继续；维修；主张；供养sustain v. 维持；支撑，承担；忍受；供养；证实sustainable adj. 可忍受的；可支撑的；养得起的；可持续的sustainability n. 持续性；永续性；能维持性upgrade n.& v.升级degrade v. 贬低,降级，降低；退化grade n. 年级；等级；成绩；级别；阶段vt.评分；把…分等级gradual adj. 逐渐的；平缓的graduate n. 毕业生；v.毕业；分等级；做标记;adj.研究生的；毕业的graduation n.毕业；毕业典礼；刻度，分度；分等级plunge v.& n. 陷入，骤降sober adj. 清醒的，冷静的reality n. 现实real adj. 实际的；真实的；实在的really adv. 实际上，事实上；真正地，真实地；realize v. 实现；认识到；了解realistic adj. 现实的；现实主义的；逼真的；实在论的emerge v. 出现merge v. 合并；使合并；吞没merger and acquisition n. 兼并收购acquire v. 获得；取得；学到；捕获force v. 强制，强迫；n.力量，军队enforce v. 实施，执行；强迫，强制reinforce v. 加强，加固；强化；补充reinforcement n. 加固；增援；援军；加强boost v. 促进；增加；支援n.推动；帮助；宣扬promote v. 促进；提升；推销；发扬promotion n. 提升，晋升；促销；促进；发扬，振兴enhance v. 提高；加强；增加enhancement n. 增加；放大strengthen v. 加强；巩固facilitate v. 促进；帮助；使容易facility n. 设施，设备；场所；才能，天赋systemic adj. 系统的；全身的；体系的systematic adj. 系统的；体系的；有系统的failure n. 失败fail v. 失败，不及格restore n. 修复，恢复renaissance n. 新生，复活；n.文艺复兴resilience n. 恢复力；弹力；顺应力recovery n. 恢复，复原；痊愈；重获likelihood n. 可能性likely adj.& adv. 很可能的(地）；合适的；有希望的possibility n. 可能性possible adj. 可能的probable adj. 很可能的；可信的probably adv. 大概；或许；很可能repeat v. 重复episode n. 经历，章节climate change n. 气候变化NASA’s Perseverance Drives on Mars’ Terrain for First TimeNASA’s Mars 2020 Perseverance rover performed its first drive on Mars March 4, cover ing 21.3 feet (6.5 meters) across the Martian landscape.美国宇航局的“火星2020坚毅号”漫游者于3月4日在火星上执行了首次驾驶，覆盖了火星地表21.3英尺(6.5米)的距离。