stain的用法总结大全
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分析化学专业英语词汇总结专业英语词汇-----分析化学第一章绪论分析化学:analytical chemistry 定性分析:qualitative analysis 定量分析:quantitative analysis 物理分析:physical analysis物理化学分析:physico-chemical analysis仪器分析法:instrumental analysis流动注射分析法:flow injection analysis;FIA顺序注射分析法:sequentical injection analysis;SIA化学计量学:chemometrics第二章误差的分析数据处理绝对误差:absolute error相对误差:relative error系统误差:systematic error可定误差:determinate error 随机误差:accidental error不可定误差:indeterminate error准确度:accuracy精确度:precision偏差:debiation,d平均偏差:average debiation相对平均偏差:relative average debiation标准偏差(标准差):standerd deviation;S相对平均偏差:relatibe standard deviation;RSD变异系数:coefficient of variation误差传递:propagation of error 有效数字:significant figure置信水平:confidence level显著性水平:level of significance合并标准偏差(组合标准差):pooled standard debiation舍弃商:rejection quotient ;Q 化学定量分析第三章滴定分析概论滴定分析法:titrametric analysis滴定:titration容量分析法:volumetric analysis化学计量点:stoichiometric point等当点:equivalent point电荷平衡:charge balance电荷平衡式:charge balance equation质量平衡:mass balance物料平衡:material balance质量平衡式:mass balance equation第四章酸碱滴定法酸碱滴定法:acid-base titrations质子自递反应:auto protolysis reaction质子自递常数:autoprotolysis constant 质子条件式:proton balance equation酸碱指示剂:acid-base indicator指示剂常数:indicator constant 变色范围:colour change interval混合指示剂:mixed indicator 双指示剂滴定法:double indicator titration第五章非水滴定法非水滴定法:nonaqueous titrations质子溶剂:protonic solvent酸性溶剂:acid solvent碱性溶剂:basic solvent两性溶剂:amphototeric solvent 无质子溶剂:aprotic solvent 均化效应:differentiatin g effect区分性溶剂:differentiating solvent离子化:ionization离解:dissociation结晶紫:crystal violet萘酚苯甲醇: α-naphthalphenol benzyl alcohol奎哪啶红:quinadinered百里酚蓝:thymol blue偶氮紫:azo violet溴酚蓝:bromophenol blue第六章配位滴定法配位滴定法:compleximetry乙二胺四乙酸:ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid,EDTA螯合物:chelate compound金属指示剂:metal lochrome indcator第七章氧化还原滴定法氧化还原滴定法:oxidation-reduction titration碘量法:iodimetry溴量法:bromimetry ]溴量法:bromine method铈量法:cerimetry 高锰酸钾法:potassium permanganate method条件电位:conditional potential 溴酸钾法:potassium bromate method硫酸铈法:cerium sulphate method偏高碘酸:metaperiodic acid 高碘酸盐:periodate亚硝酸钠法:sodium nitrite method重氮化反应:diazotization reaction重氮化滴定法:diazotization titration亚硝基化反应:nitrozation reaction亚硝基化滴定法:nitrozation titration外指示剂:external indicator 外指示剂:outside indicator重铬酸钾法:potassium dichromate method第八章沉淀滴定法沉淀滴定法:precipitation titration容量滴定法:volumetric precipitation method银量法:argentometric method第九章重量分析法重量分析法:gravimetric analysis挥发法:volatilization method引湿水(湿存水):water of hydroscopicity包埋(藏)水:occluded water吸入水:water of imbibition结晶水:water of crystallization 组成水:water of composition 液-液萃取法:liquid-liquid extration溶剂萃取法:solvent extration 反萃取:counter extraction分配系数:partition coefficient分配比:distribution ratio 离子对(离子缔合物):ion pair 沉淀形式:precipitation forms 称量形式:weighing forms仪器分析概述物理分析:physical analysis物理化学分析:physicochemical analysis仪器分析:instrumental analysis第十章电位法及永停滴定法电化学分析:electrochemical analysis电解法:electrolytic analysis method电重量法:electrogravimetry 库仑法:coulo metry库仑滴定法:coulo metric titration电导法:conductometry电导分析法:conductometric analysis电导滴定法:conductometric titration电位法:potentiometry直接电位法:dirext potentiometry电位滴定法:potentiometric titration伏安法:voltammetry极谱法:polarography溶出法:stripping method电流滴定法:amperometric titration化学双电层:chemical double layer相界电位:phase boundary potential金属电极电位:electrode potential化学电池:chemical cell液接界面:liquid junction boundary原电池:galvanic cell电解池:electrolytic cell负极:cathode正极:anode电池电动势:eletromotive force 指示电极:indicator electrode 参比电极:reference electroade 标准氢电极:standard hydrogen electrode一级参比电极:primary reference electrode饱和甘汞电极:saturated calomel electrode银-氯化银电极:silver silver-chloride electrode液接界面:liquid junction boundary不对称电位:asymmetry potential表观PH值:apparent PH复合PH电极:combination PH electrode离子选择电极:ion selective electrode敏感器:sensor晶体电极:crystalline electrodes 均相膜电极:homogeneous membrance electrodes非均相膜电极:heterogeneous membrance electrodes非晶体电极:non- crystalline electrodes刚性基质电极:rigid matrix electrode流流体载动电极:electrode with a mobile carrier气敏电极:gas sensing electrodes酶电极:enzyme electrodes金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管:MOSFET离子选择场效应管:ISFET总离子强度调节缓冲剂:total ion strength adjustment buffer,TISAB永停滴定法:dead-stop titration 双电流滴定法(双安培滴定法):double amperometric titration第十一章光谱分析法概论普朗克常数:Plank constant电磁波谱:electromagnetic spectrum光谱:spectrum 光谱分析法:spectroscopic analysis原子发射光谱法:atomic emission spectroscopy质量谱:mass spectrum质谱法:mass spectroscopy,MS 第十二章紫外-可见分光光度法紫外-可见分光光度法:ultraviolet and visible spectrophotometry;UV-vis肩峰:shoulder peak末端吸收:end absorbtion生色团:chromophore助色团:auxochrome红移:red shift长移:bathochromic shift短移:hypsochromic shift蓝(紫)移:blue shift增色效应(浓色效应):hyperchromic effect减色效应(淡色效应):hypochromic effect强带:strong band弱带:weak band吸收带:absorption band透光率:transmitance,T吸光度:absorbance谱带宽度:band width杂散光:stray light噪声:noise暗噪声:dark noise散粒噪声:signal shot noise闪耀光栅:blazed grating全息光栅:holographic grating 光二极管阵列检测器:photodiode array detector偏最小二乘法:partial least squares method ,PLS褶合光谱法:convolution spectrometry褶合变换:convolution transform,CT离散小波变换:wavelet transform,WT多尺度细化分析:multiscale analysis供电子取代基:electron donating group吸电子取代基:electron with-drawing group第十三章荧光分析法荧光:fluorescence荧光分析法:fluorometryX-射线荧光分析法:X-ray fluorometry原子荧光分析法:atomic fluorometry分子荧光分析法:molecular fluorometry振动弛豫:vibrational relaxation内转换:internal conversion外转换:external conversion体系间跨越:intersystem crossing激发光谱:excitation spectrum 荧光光谱:fluorescence spectrum斯托克斯位移:Stokes shift荧光寿命:fluorescence life time荧光效率:fluorescence efficiency荧光量子产率:fluorescence quantum yield荧光熄灭法:fluorescence quenching method散射光:scattering light瑞利光:R a yleith scattering light拉曼光:Raman scattering light Abbe refractometer 阿贝折射仪absorbance 吸收度absorbance ratio 吸收度比值absorption 吸收absorption curve 吸收曲线absorption spectrum 吸收光谱absorptivity 吸收系数accuracy 准确度acid-dye colorimetry 酸性染料比色法acidimetry 酸量法acid-insoluble ash 酸不溶性灰分acidity 酸度activity 活度第十四章色谱法additive 添加剂additivity 加和性adjusted retention time 调整保留时间adsorbent 吸附剂adsorption 吸附affinity chromatography 亲和色谱法aliquot (一)份alkalinity 碱度alumina 氧化铝ambient temperature 室温ammonium thiocyanate 硫氰酸铵analytical quality control (AQC)分析质量控制anhydrous substance 干燥品anionic surfactant titration 阴离子表面活性剂滴定法antibiotics-microbial test 抗生素微生物检定法antioxidant 抗氧剂appendix 附录application of sample 点样area normalization method 面积归一化法argentimetry 银量法arsenic 砷arsenic stain 砷斑ascending development 上行展开ash-free filter paper 无灰滤纸(定量滤纸)assay 含量测定assay tolerance 含量限度atmospheric pressure ionization(API) 大气压离子化attenuation 衰减back extraction 反萃取back titration 回滴法bacterial endotoxins test 细菌内毒素检查法band absorption 谱带吸收baseline correction 基线校正baseline drift 基线漂移batch, lot 批batch(lot) number 批号Benttendorff method 白田道夫(检砷)法between day (day to day, inter-day) precision 日间精密度between run (inter-run) precision 批间精密度biotransformation 生物转化bioavailability test 生物利用度试验bioequivalence test 生物等效试验biopharmaceutical analysis 体内药物分析,生物药物分析blank test 空白试验boiling range 沸程British Pharmacopeia (BP) 英国药典bromate titration 溴酸盐滴定法bromimetry 溴量法bromocresol green 溴甲酚绿bromocresol purple 溴甲酚紫bromophenol blue 溴酚蓝bromothymol blue 溴麝香草酚蓝bulk drug, pharmaceutical product 原料药buret 滴定管by-product 副产物calibration curve 校正曲线calomel electrode 甘汞电极calorimetry 量热分析capacity factor 容量因子capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) 毛细管区带电泳capillary gas chromatography 毛细管气相色谱法carrier gas 载气cation-exchange resin 阳离子交换树脂ceri(o)metry 铈量法characteristics, description 性状check valve 单向阀chemical shift 化学位移chelate compound 鳌合物chemically bonded phase 化学键合相chemical equivalent 化学当量Chinese Pharmacopeia (ChP) 中国药典Chinese material medicine 中成药Chinese materia medica 中药学Chinese materia medica preparation 中药制剂Chinese Pharmaceutical Association (CPA) 中国药学会chiral 手性的chiral stationary phase (CSP) 手性固定相chiral separation 手性分离chirality 手性chiral carbon atom 手性碳原子chromatogram 色谱图chromatography 色谱法chromatographic column 色谱柱chromatographic condition 色谱条件chromatographic data processor 色谱数据处理机chromatographic work station 色谱工作站clarity 澄清度clathrate, inclusion compound 包合物clearance 清除率clinical pharmacy 临床药学coefficient of distribution 分配系数coefficient of variation 变异系数color change interval (指示剂)变色范围color reaction 显色反应colorimetric analysis 比色分析colorimetry 比色法column capacity 柱容量column dead volume 柱死体积column efficiency 柱效column interstitial volume 柱隙体积column outlet pressure 柱出口压column temperature 柱温column pressure 柱压column volume 柱体积column overload 柱超载column switching 柱切换committee of drug evaluation 药品审评委员会comparative test 比较试验completeness of solution 溶液的澄清度compound medicines 复方药computer-aided pharmaceutical analysis 计算机辅助药物分析concentration-time curve 浓度-时间曲线confidence interval 置信区间confidence level 置信水平confidence limit 置信限congealing point 凝点congo red 刚果红(指示剂)content uniformity 装量差异controlled trial 对照试验correlation coefficient 相关系数contrast test 对照试验counter ion 反离子(平衡离子)cresol red 甲酚红(指示剂)crucible 坩埚crude drug 生药crystal violet 结晶紫(指示剂)cuvette, cell 比色池cyanide 氰化物cyclodextrin 环糊精cylinder, graduate cylinder, measuring cylinder 量筒cylinder-plate assay 管碟测定法daughter ion (质谱)子离子dead space 死体积dead-stop titration 永停滴定法dead time 死时间decolorization 脱色decomposition point 分解点deflection 偏差deflection point 拐点degassing 脱气deionized water 去离子水deliquescence 潮解depressor substances test 降压物质检查法derivative spectrophotometry 导数分光光度法derivatization 衍生化descending development 下行展开desiccant 干燥剂detection 检查detector 检测器developer, developing reagent 展开剂developing chamber 展开室deviation 偏差dextrose 右旋糖,葡萄糖diastereoisomer 非对映异构体diazotization 重氮化2,6-dichlorindophenol titration 2,6-二氯靛酚滴定法differential scanningcalorimetry (DSC) 差示扫描热量法differential spectrophotometry 差示分光光度法differential thermal analysis (DTA) 差示热分析differentiating solvent 区分性溶剂diffusion 扩散digestion 消化diphastic titration 双相滴定disintegration test 崩解试验dispersion 分散度dissolubility 溶解度dissolution test 溶出度检查distilling range 馏程distribution chromatography 分配色谱distribution coefficient 分配系数dose 剂量drug control institutions 药检机构drug quality control 药品质量控制drug release 药物释放度drug standard 药品标准drying to constant weight 干燥至恒重dual wavelength spectrophotometry 双波长分光光度法duplicate test 重复试验effective constituent 有效成分effective plate number 有效板数efficiency of column 柱效electron capture detector 电子捕获检测器electron impact ionization 电子轰击离子化electrophoresis 电泳electrospray interface 电喷雾接口electromigration injection 电迁移进样elimination 消除eluate 洗脱液elution 洗脱emission spectrochemical analysis 发射光谱分析enantiomer 对映体end absorption 末端吸收end point correction 终点校正endogenous substances 内源性物质enzyme immunoassay(EIA) 酶免疫分析enzyme drug 酶类药物enzyme induction 酶诱导enzyme inhibition 酶抑制eosin sodium 曙红钠(指示剂)epimer 差向异构体equilibrium constant 平衡常数equivalence point 等当点error in volumetric analysis 容量分析误差excitation spectrum 激发光谱exclusion chromatography 排阻色谱法expiration date 失效期external standard method 外标法extract 提取物extraction gravimetry 提取重量法extraction titration 提取容量法extrapolated method 外插法,外推法factor 系数,因数,因子feature 特征Fehling’s reaction 费林反应field disorption ionization 场解吸离子化field ionization 场致离子化filter 过滤,滤光片filtration 过滤fineness of the particles 颗粒细度flame ionization detector(FID) 火焰离子化检测器flame emission spectrum 火焰发射光谱flask 烧瓶flow cell 流通池flow injection analysis 流动注射分析flow rate 流速fluorescamine 荧胺fluorescence immunoassay(FIA) 荧光免疫分析fluorescence polarization immunoassay(FPIA) 荧光偏振免疫分析fluorescent agent 荧光剂fluorescence spectrophotometry 荧光分光光度法fluorescence detection 荧光检测器fluorimetyr 荧光分析法foreign odor 异臭foreign pigment 有色杂质formulary 处方集fraction 馏分freezing test 结冻试验funnel 漏斗fused peaks, overlapped peaks 重叠峰fused silica 熔融石英gas chromatography(GC) 气相色谱法gas-liquidchromatography(GLC) 气液色谱法gas purifier 气体净化器gel filtration chromatography 凝胶过滤色谱法gel permeation chromatography 凝胶渗透色谱法general identification test 一般鉴别试验general notices (药典)凡例general requirements (药典)通则good clinical practices(GCP) 药品临床管理规范good laboratory practices(GLP) 药品实验室管理规范good manufacturing practices(GMP) 药品生产质量管理规范good supply practices(GSP) 药品供应管理规范gradient elution 梯度洗脱grating 光栅gravimetric method 重量法Gutzeit test 古蔡(检砷)法half peak width 半峰宽[halide] disk method, wafer method, pellet method 压片法head-space concentrating injector 顶空浓缩进样器heavy metal 重金属heat conductivity 热导率height equivalent to a theoretical plate 理论塔板高度height of an effective plate 有效塔板高度high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) 高效液相色谱法high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) 高效薄层色谱法hydrate 水合物hydrolysis 水解hydrophilicity 亲水性hydrophobicity 疏水性hydroscopic 吸湿的hydroxyl value 羟值hyperchromic effect 浓色效应hypochromic effect 淡色效应identification 鉴别ignition to constant weight 灼烧至恒重immobile phase 固定相immunoassay 免疫测定impurity 杂质inactivation 失活index 索引indicator 指示剂indicator electrode 指示电极inhibitor 抑制剂injecting septum 进样隔膜胶垫injection valve 进样阀instrumental analysis 仪器分析insulin assay 胰岛素生物检定法integrator 积分仪intercept 截距interface 接口interference filter 干涉滤光片intermediate 中间体internal standard substance 内标物质international unit(IU) 国际单位in vitro 体外in vivo 体内iodide 碘化物iodoform reaction 碘仿反应iodometry 碘量法ion-exchange cellulose 离子交换纤维素ion pair chromatography 离子对色谱ion suppression 离子抑制ionic strength 离子强度ion-pairing agent 离子对试剂ionization 电离,离子化ionization region 离子化区irreversible indicator 不可逆指示剂irreversible potential 不可逆电位isoabsorptive point 等吸收点isocratic elution 等溶剂组成洗脱isoelectric point 等电点isoosmotic solution 等渗溶液isotherm 等温线Karl Fischer titration 卡尔·费歇尔滴定kinematic viscosity 运动黏度Kjeldahl method for nitrogen 凯氏定氮法Kober reagent 科伯试剂Kovats retention index 科瓦茨保留指数labelled amount 标示量leading peak 前延峰least square method 最小二乘法leveling effect 均化效应licensed pharmacist 执业药师limit control 限量控制limit of detection(LOD) 检测限limit of quantitation(LOQ) 定量限limit test (杂质)限度(或限量)试验limutus amebocyte lysate(LAL) 鲎试验linearity and range 线性及范围linearity scanning 线性扫描liquid chromatograph/mass spectrometer (LC/MS) 液质联用仪litmus paper 石蕊试纸loss on drying 干燥失重low pressure gradient pump 低压梯度泵luminescence 发光lyophilization 冷冻干燥main constituent 主成分make-up gas 尾吹气maltol reaction 麦牙酚试验Marquis test 马奎斯试验mass analyzer detector 质量分析检测器mass spectrometric analysis 质谱分析mass spectrum 质谱图mean deviation 平均偏差measuring flask, volumetric flask 量瓶measuring pipet(te) 刻度吸量管medicinal herb 草药melting point 熔点melting range 熔距metabolite 代谢物metastable ion 亚稳离子methyl orange 甲基橙methyl red 甲基红micellar chromatography 胶束色谱法micellar electrokinetic capillarychromatography(MECC, MEKC) 胶束电动毛细管色谱法micelle 胶束microanalysis 微量分析microcrystal 微晶microdialysis 微透析micropacked column 微型填充柱microsome 微粒体microsyringe 微量注射器migration time 迁移时间millipore filtration 微孔过滤minimum fill 最低装量mobile phase 流动相modifier 改性剂,调节剂molecular formula 分子式monitor 检测,监测monochromator 单色器monographs 正文mortar 研钵moving belt interface 传送带接口multidimensional detection 多维检测multiple linear regression 多元线性回归multivariate calibration 多元校正natural product 天然产物Nessler glasses(tube) 奈斯勒比色管Nessler’s reagent 碱性碘化汞钾试液neutralization 中和nitrogen content 总氮量nonaqueous acid-base titration 非水酸碱滴定nonprescription drug, over the counter drugs (OTC drugs) 非处方药nonproprietary name, generic name 非专有名nonspecific impurity 一般杂质non-volatile matter 不挥发物normal phase 正相normalization 归一化法notice 凡例nujol mull method 石蜡糊法octadecylsilane chemically bonded silica 十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶octylsilane 辛(烷)基硅烷odorless 无臭official name 法定名official specifications 法定标准official test 法定试验on-column detector 柱上检测器on-column injection 柱头进样on-line degasser 在线脱气设备on the dried basis 按干燥品计opalescence 乳浊open tubular column 开管色谱柱optical activity 光学活性optical isomerism 旋光异构optical purity 光学纯度optimization function 优化函数organic volatile impurities 有机挥发性杂质orthogonal function spectrophotometry 正交函数分光光度法orthogonal test 正交试验orthophenanthroline 邻二氮菲outlier 可疑数据,逸出值overtones 倍频峰,泛频峰oxidation-reduction titration 氧化还原滴定oxygen flask combustion 氧瓶燃烧packed column 填充柱packing material 色谱柱填料palladium ion colorimetry 钯离子比色法parallel analysis 平行分析parent ion 母离子particulate matter 不溶性微粒partition coefficient 分配系数parts per million (ppm) 百万分之几pattern recognition 模式识别peak symmetry 峰不对称性peak valley 峰谷peak width at half height 半峰宽percent transmittance 透光百分率pH indicator absorbance ratio method? pH指示剂吸光度比值法pharmaceutical analysis 药物分析pharmacopeia 药典pharmacy 药学phenolphthalein 酚酞photodiode array detector(DAD) 光电二极管阵列检测器photometer 光度计pipeclay triangle 泥三角pipet(te) 吸移管,精密量取planar chromatography 平板色谱法plate storage rack 薄层板贮箱polarimeter 旋光计polarimetry 旋光测定法polarity 极性polyacrylamide gel 聚丙酰胺凝胶polydextran gel 葡聚糖凝胶polystyrene gel 聚苯乙烯凝胶polystyrene film 聚苯乙烯薄膜porous polymer beads 高分子多孔小球post-column derivatization 柱后衍生化potentiometer 电位计potentiometric titration 电位滴定法precipitation form 沉淀形式precision 精密度pre-column derivatization 柱前衍生化preparation 制剂prescription drug 处方药pretreatment 预处理primary standard 基准物质principal component analysis 主成分分析programmed temperature gas chromatography 程序升温气相色谱法prototype drug 原型药物provisions for new drug approval 新药审批办法purification 纯化purity 纯度pyrogen 热原pycnometric method 比重瓶法quality control(QC) 质量控制quality evaluation 质量评价quality standard 质量标准quantitative determination 定量测定quantitative analysis 定量分析quasi-molecular ion 准分子离子racemization 消旋化radioimmunoassay 放射免疫分析法random sampling 随机抽样rational use of drug 合理用药readily carbonizable substance 易炭化物reagent sprayer 试剂喷雾器recovery 回收率reference electrode 参比电极refractive index 折光指数related substance 有关物质relative density 相对密度relative intensity 相对强度repeatability 重复性replicate determination 平行测定reproducibility 重现性residual basic hydrolysis method 剩余碱水解法residual liquid junction potential 残余液接电位residual titration 剩余滴定residue on ignition 炽灼残渣resolution 分辨率,分离度response time 响应时间retention 保留reversed phase chromatography 反相色谱法reverse osmosis 反渗透rider peak 驼峰rinse 清洗,淋洗robustness 可靠性,稳定性routine analysis 常规分析round 修约(数字)ruggedness 耐用性safety 安全性Sakaguchi test 坂口试验salt bridge 盐桥salting out 盐析sample applicator 点样器sample application 点样sample on-line pretreatment 试样在线预处理sampling 取样saponification value 皂化值saturated calomel electrode(SCE) 饱和甘汞电极selectivity 选择性separatory funnel 分液漏斗shoulder peak 肩峰signal to noise ratio 信噪比significant difference 显著性差异significant figure 有效数字significant level 显著性水平significant testing 显著性检验silanophilic interaction 亲硅羟基作用silica gel 硅胶silver chloride electrode 氯化银电极similarity 相似性simultaneous equations method 解线性方程组法size exclusion chromatography(SEC) 空间排阻色谱法sodium dodecylsulfate, SDS 十二烷基硫酸钠sodium hexanesulfonate 己烷磺酸钠sodium taurocholate 牛璜胆酸钠sodium tetraphenylborate 四苯硼钠sodium thiosulphate 硫代硫酸钠solid-phase extraction 固相萃取solubility 溶解度solvent front 溶剂前沿solvophobic interaction 疏溶剂作用specific absorbance 吸收系数specification 规格specificity 专属性specific rotation 比旋度specific weight 比重spiked 加入标准的split injection 分流进样splitless injection 无分流进样spray reagent (平板色谱中的)显色剂spreader 铺板机stability 稳定性standard color solution 标准比色液standard deviation 标准差standardization 标定standard operating procedure(SOP) 标准操作规程standard substance 标准品stationary phase coating 固定相涂布starch indicator 淀粉指示剂statistical error 统计误差sterility test 无菌试验stirring bar 搅拌棒stock solution 储备液stoichiometric point 化学计量点storage 贮藏stray light 杂散光substituent 取代基substrate 底物sulfate 硫酸盐sulphated ash 硫酸盐灰分supercritical fluid chromatography(SFC) 超临界流体色谱法support 载体(担体)suspension 悬浊液swelling degree 膨胀度symmetry factor 对称因子syringe pump 注射泵systematic error 系统误差system model 系统模型system suitability 系统适用性tablet 片剂tailing factor 拖尾因子tailing peak 拖尾峰tailing-suppressing reagent 扫尾剂test of hypothesis 假设检验test solution(TS) 试液tetrazolium colorimetry 四氮唑比色法therapeutic drug monitoring(TDM) 治疗药物监测thermal analysis 热分析法thermal conductivity detector 热导检测器thermocouple detector 热电偶检测器thermogravimetricanalysis(TGA) 热重分析法thermospray interface 热喷雾接口The United States Pharmacopoeia(USP) 美国药典The Pharmacopoeia of Japan(JP) 日本药局方thin layer chromatography(TLC) 薄层色谱法thiochrome reaction 硫色素反应three-dimensional chromatogram 三维色谱图thymol 百里酚(麝香草酚)(指示剂)thymolphthalein 百里酚酞(麝香草酚酞)(指示剂)thymolsulfonphthalein( thymol blue) 百里酚蓝(麝香草酚蓝)(指示剂)titer, titre 滴定度time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay 时间分辨荧光免疫法titrant 滴定剂titration error 滴定误差titrimetric analysis 滴定分析法tolerance 容许限toluene distillation method 甲苯蒸馏法toluidine blue 甲苯胺蓝(指示剂)total ash 总灰分total quality control(TQC) 全面质量控制traditional drugs 传统药traditional Chinese medicine 中药transfer pipet 移液管turbidance 混浊turbidimetric assay 浊度测定法turbidimetry 比浊法turbidity 浊度ultracentrifugation 超速离心ultrasonic mixer 超生混合器ultraviolet irradiation 紫外线照射undue toxicity 异常毒性uniform design 均匀设计uniformity of dosage units 含量均匀度uniformity of volume 装量均匀性(装量差异)uniformity of weight 重量均匀性(片重差异)validity 可靠性variance 方差versus …对…,…与…的关系曲线viscosity 粘度volatile oil determination apparatus 挥发油测定器volatilization 挥发法volumetric analysis 容量分析volumetric solution(VS) 滴定液vortex mixer 涡旋混合器watch glass 表面皿wave length 波长wave number 波数weighing bottle 称量瓶weighing form 称量形式weights 砝码well-closed container 密闭容器xylene cyanol blue FF 二甲苯蓝FF(指示剂)xylenol orange 二甲酚橙(指示剂)zigzag scanning 锯齿扫描zone electrophoresis 区带电泳zwitterions 两性离子zymolysis 酶解作用簡體書目錄Chapter 1 Introduction 緒論1.1 The nature of analytical chemistry 分析化學的性質1.2 The role of analytical chemistry 分析化學的作用1.3 The classification of analytical chemistry分析化學的分類1.4 The total analytical process 分析全過程Terms to understand重點內容概述Chapter 2 Errors and Data Treatment in Quantitative Analysis 定量分析中的誤差及數據處理2.1 Fundamental terms of errors誤差的基本術語2.2 Types of errors in experimental data實驗數據中的誤差類型2.2.1 Systematic errors 系統誤差2.2.2 Random errors偶然誤差2.3 Evaluation of analytical data分析數據的評價2.3.1 Tests of significance顯著性檢驗2.3.2 Rejecting data可疑值取捨2.4 Significant figures有效數字ProblemsTerms to understand重點內容概述Chapter 3 Titrimetric Analysis 滴定分析法3.1 General principles基本原理3.1.1 Relevant terms of titrimetric analysis滴定分析相關術語3.1.2 The preparation of standard solution and the expression of concentration 標準溶液的配製與濃度表示方法3.1.3 The types of titrimetric reactions滴定反應類型3.2 Acid-base titration酸鹼滴定3.2.1 Acid-base equilibria 酸鹼平衡3.2.2 Titration curves滴定曲線3.2.3 Acid-base indicators酸鹼指示劑3.2.4 Applications of acid-base titration酸鹼滴定的應用3.3 Complexometric titration 配位滴定3.3.1 Metal-chelate complexes 金屬螯合物3.3.2 EDTA 乙二胺四乙酸3.3.3 EDTA titration curves EDTA滴定曲線3.3.4 Metal Ion indicators金屬離子指示劑3.3.5 Applications of EDTA titration techniques EDTA滴定方法的應用3.4 Oxidation-reduction titration氧化還原滴定3.4.1 Redox reactions氧化還原反應3.4.2 Rate of redox reactions氧化還原反應的速率3.4.3 Titration curves滴定曲線3.4.4 Redox indicators氧化還原指示劑3.4.5 Applications of redox titrations氧化還原滴定的應用3.5 Precipitation titration沉澱滴定3.5.1 Precipitation reactions沉澱滴定反應3.5.2 Titration curves滴定曲線3.5.3 End-point detection終點檢測ProblemsTerms to understand重點內容概述Chapter 4 Potentiometry 電位分析法4.1 Introduction簡介4.1.1 Classes and characteristics分類及性質4.1.2 Definition定義4.2 Types of potentiometric electrodes電極種類4.2.1 Reference electrodes 參比電極4.2.2 Indicator electrodes指示電極4.2.3 Electrode response and selectivity電極響應及選擇性4.3 Potentiometric methods and application電位法及應用4.3.1 Direct potentiometric measurement 直接電位法4.3.2 Potentiometric titrations 電位滴定4.3.3 Applications of potentiometry 電位法應用Problems Terlns to understand重點內容概述Chapter 5 Chromatography色譜法5.1 An introduction to chromatographic methods色譜法概述5.2 Fundamental theory of gas chromatography氣相色譜基本原理5.2.1 Plate theory塔板理論5.2.2 Kinetic theory(rate theory) 速率理論5.2.3 The resolution Rs as a measure of peak separation 分離度5.3 Gas chromatography 氣相色譜5.3.1 Components of a gas chromatograph 氣相色譜儀的組成5.3.2 Stationary phases for gas-liquid chromatography 氣液色譜固定相5.3.3 Applications of gas-liquid chromatography 氣液色譜的應用5.3.4 Adsorption chromatography 吸附色譜5.4 High performance liquid chromatography 高效液相色譜5.4.1 Instrumentation 儀器組成5.4.2 High-performance partition chromatography 高效分配色譜5.5 Miscellaneous separation methods 其他分離方法5.5.1 High-performance ion-exchange chromatography 高效離子交換色譜5.5.2 Capillary electrophoresis 毛細管電泳5.5.3 Planar chromatography 平板色譜ProblemsTerms to understand重點內容概述Chapter 6 Atomic Absorption Spectrometry原子吸收光譜分析法6.1 Introduction 概述6.2 Principles 原理6.2.1 The process of AAS,resonance line and absorption line 原子吸收光譜法的過程,共振線及吸收線6.2.2 The number of ground atom and the temperature of flame 基態原子數與光焰溫度6.2.3 Quantitative analysis of AAS原子吸收光譜定量分析6.3 Instrumentation 儀器6.3.1 Primary radiation sources 光源6.3.2 Atomizer 原子儀器6.3.3 Optical dispersive systems 分光系統6.3.4 Detectors 檢測器6.3.5 Signal measurements 信號測量6.4 Quantitative measurementsand interferences 定量測定及干擾6.4.1 Quantitative measurements 定量測定6.4.2 Interferences 干擾6.4.3 Sensitivity6.5 Applications of AAS原子吸收光譜法的應用ProblemsTerms to understand重點內容概述Chapter 7 Ultraviolet and Visible Spectrophotometry 紫外-可見分光光度法7.1 Introduction簡介7.2 Ultraviolet and visible absorption spectroscopy 紫外-可見吸收光譜7.2.1 Introduction for radiant energy 輻射能簡介7.2.2 Selective absorption of radiation and absorbance spectrum 物質對光的選擇性吸收和吸收光譜7.2.3 Absorbing species and electron transition 吸收物質與電子躍遷7.3 Law of absorption吸收定律7.3.1 Lambert-Beer's law朗伯-比爾定律7.3.2 Absorptivity吸光係數7.3.3 Apparent deviations from Beer's law對比爾定律的明顯偏離7.4 Instruments儀器7.5 General types of spectrophotometer分光光度計種類7.6 Application of UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy 紫外-可見吸收光譜的應用7.6.1 Application of absorption measurement to qualitative analysis 光吸收測定在定性分析上的應用7.6.2 Quantitative analysis by absorption measurements 光吸收測量定量分析法7.6.3 Derivative spectrophotometry 導數分光光度法ProblemsTerms to understand重點內容概述Chapter 8 Infrared Absorption Spectroscopy紅外吸收光譜8.1 Theory of infrared absorption紅外吸收基本原理8.1.1 Dipole changes during vibrations and rotations 振轉運動中的偶極距變化8.1.2 Mechanical model of stretching vibrations 伸縮振動機械模型8.1.3 Quantum treatment of vibrations 振動的量子力學處理、8.1.4 Types of molecular vibrations分子振動形式8.2 Infrared instrument components紅外儀器組成8.2.1 Wavelength selection波長選擇8.2.2 Sampling techniques 採樣技術8.2.3 Infrared spectrophotometers for qualitative analysis 定性分析用紅外分光光度計8.2.4 Other techniques其他技術8.3 The group frequencies of functional groups in organic compounds 有機化合物官能團的特徵頻率8.4 The factors affecting group frequencies 影響基團特徵吸收頻率的因素8.4.1 Adjacent groups 鄰近基團的影響8.4.2 Hydrogen bonding 氫鍵8.5 Qualitative applications to structural analysis 結構分析的定性應用Problems。
英语常用词根词和小品词总结常见小品词的含义:About:1.关于;2.在……周围3. 引起,着手Across:1 通过,穿过,从一边倒另一边;2使(论点、想法等)传达到听者,从而使对方理解;3.在对面Away: 1. 离开、逃脱;2.保存,储存;3.继续不断地Down: 1.在下,向下,倒下,降低,引申为完全、彻底;2记下,写下;3.由高到低,由大到小,由强盗弱;4.紧紧地,牢牢地For:1.(表示对象、用途等)给、对、适合于;2. (表示目标、去向)往、向;3.为了In:1 进来;2呈交3访问Off: 1.离开、去掉;2.终端、停止;3.完全、彻底、胜利;3.表示情况On: 1.在……上,依靠,凭据;2.穿上,戴上;3.执行、运作;4.继续、进行;5.接触Behind: 1.在……后面;2、落后于Out: 1. 往外,出现;2. 出于无知觉状态;3. 清楚物体内部;4. 完,熄灭;4.彻底;5.大声、出声Over:1.越过,经过;2.从一边到另一边;3. 转变;4. 全部,重复Through; 1.穿过;2. 在……期间,从头到尾To:1.表方向,对着,向;2. 表知觉,到达,苏醒;3.表程度,到达;4.表关系,给Up: 1. 往上,与down相对;2. 不睡,不躺倒;3. 出现、露面;4. 彻底;5. 与动词连用。
加强语气由于篇幅所限,下面的表格给出的是大部分词组的最常见的基本含义。
大家在记忆短语动词时,应该先理解小品词的含义,然后再扩展每个动词词组的引申含义,做到举一反三。
因为考试中,只需要大家能识别这些短语动词在具体语境下的引申意义,而并非去使用他们。
可结合核心词汇讲义专题四答案解析一起复习。
词汇题中常出现的动词词组。
油漆涂装术语浮色floodin:发花的极端状况。
某些颜料浮升至表面,虽漆膜表面颜色均匀一致,但明显地不同于刚施涂时的湿膜颜色。
起气泡bubblin:涂料在施涂过程中形成的空气或溶剂蒸气等气体或两者兼有的泡,这种泡在漆膜干燥过程中可以消失,也可以永久存在。
针孔pin-holesv:一种在漆膜中存在着类似于用针刺成的细孔的病态。
怯捎谑 崮ぶ谢烊氲目掌 莺筒 钠渌 萜屏眩 以谄崮じ稍?SPAN lang=EN-US>[固化]前不能流平而造成,也由于底材处理或施涂不当(漆膜过厚等)而造成。
起皱wrinkling:漆膜呈现多少有规律的小波幅波纹形式的皱纹,它可深及部分或全部膜厚。
皱纹的大小和密集率可随漆膜组成及成膜时条件(包括温度、湿膜厚度和大气污染情况)而变化。
桔皮orange skin:漆膜呈现橘皮状外观的表面病态。
喷涂施工(尤其底材为平面)时,易出现此病态。
发白blushing:有光涂料干燥过程中,漆膜上有时呈现出乳白色的现象。
这是由于空气中水气在湿漆膜表面凝露和(或)涂料中的一种或多种固态组分析出而引起的。
流挂runs;sags;curtains:涂料施涂于垂直面上时,由于其抗流挂性差或施涂不当、漆膜过厚等原因而使湿膜向下移动,形成各种形状下边缘厚的不均匀涂层。
丝纹ropiness:在湿漆膜表面呈现的近似平行的线状条纹,且在漆膜干燥之后这种条纹仍然存在。
这是由某些施涂方法而带来的一种病态。
如在浸涂或流涂时,丝纹是沿着流动的方向出现;在刷涂时,丝纹则沿最后刷涂漆膜的刷涂方向出现。
刷痕brush mark:刷涂后,在漆膜上留下的一条条脊状条纹现象。
这是由于涂料干燥过快,粘度过大,漆刷太粗硬,刷涂方法不当等原因使漆膜不能流平而引起的。
漂白bleaching:色漆漆膜因经受酸碱等化学作用,致使其颜色逐渐变浅,最终完全变白的现象。
这主要是由于色漆中颜料发生化学作用而分散,失去原有色彩所造成的。
黄变yellowing:漆膜在老化过程中出现的颜色变黄现象。
stain的用法总结大全stain的用法总结大全精选5篇(一)stain是一个非常常用的英语词汇,可以用作名词、动词和形容词。
下面是stain在不同用法下的一些常见搭配和用法总结:名词用法:1. Blood stain: 血迹2. Coffee stain: 咖啡渍3. Stain remover: 去渍剂4. Ink stain: 墨渍5. Wine stain: 酒渍6. Lipstick stain: 唇膏渍动词用法:1. Stain something: 染上污渍- The red wine stained my white shirt.红酒将我的白衬衫染上了渍。
2. Stain with something: 以某物染色- The artist stained the canvas with vibrant colors.艺术家用鲜艳的颜色把画布染上。
3. Be stained with something: 被某物染色- The floor was stained with coffee.地板上被咖啡染上了渍。
4. Stain something out: 擦去某物上的污渍- She used a stain remover to get rid of the ink stain on her shirt.她用去渍剂除去了衬衫上的墨渍。
形容词用法:1. Stained glass: 彩色玻璃- The church had beautiful stained glass windows.教堂有漂亮的彩色玻璃窗。
2. Stained wood: 木材上染色的- The furniture had a lovely dark stained wood finish.家具表面有一层美丽的深色染色。
这些用法只是stain的一部分常见搭配,根据语境和具体使用情况,还有其他可能的搭配方式。
希望以上总结对你有所帮助。
恋恋有词A部分总结Unit 1state 【n】状态;情况;国;州【v】陈述;说明;规定形近词statute n. 法令;法规manifestation n. 显示,表现;示威运动statistic n. 统计数值 adj. 统计的;统计学的statistical adj. 统计的;统计学的stationary adj. 固定的;静止的;不动的statement n. ( 正式明确的口头或书面 ) 陈述,声明;( 意见或观点的 ) 表现,表达understatement n. 保守陈述;不充分的陈述;轻描淡写overstate v. 夸张,夸大地叙述statesman n. 政治家estate n. 房地产;身份;财产devastate v. 毁灭,毁坏devastating adj. 毁灭性的;极具破坏力的workstation n.工作台status n. 地位;情形;状态近义词assert v. 坚称;断言;表明affirm v. 断言;肯定;证实public 【adj 】公众的;公共的;公开的【n】公众,民众形近词publication n. 出版;发行;出版物;发行物;公布;发布republican adj. 共和国的;共和政体的;(美国)共和党的;支持共和党的 n. 拥护共和政体者;共和主义者publicity n. 公众信息;宣传;公之于众的状况publicize v. 公开publicized adj. 公开的publicly adv. 公共地;公开地;公众地词组in public:公开地,当众近义词mass n. 民众;大量civil adj. 公民的law 【n 】法律;法令;法规;规律;定律形近词claw n. 爪;螯;钳;爪形器具 v. 用爪抓(或挖) lawful adj. 合法的;法定的;法律许可的lawsuit n. 诉讼;诉讼案件flaw n. 瑕疵;裂纹;缺点 v. 使破裂;使有缺陷lawyer n. 律师;法学家近义词legislation n. 法律;法规mean 【v】意味着,即是;意指,意思是说;打算,意欲;意义重大【adj.】吝啬的;刻薄的;破旧的【n】平均值;平均数形近词meaning n. 意义,含义well-meaning adj. 善意的;好心的meaningless adj. 没有意义的;不重要的;无价值的meaningfully adv.有意图地;有意义地;重要地means n. 方法;手段meanwhile adv. 同时;其间词组by means of:用;依靠by no means:绝不;一点也不同义词indicate v. 表明;暗示;象征;反映implication n. 可能引发的后果;暗示;含意Influence 【n】影响;感化;势力,权势【v】影响;感化形近词influential adj. 有影响力的;有势力的 n. 影响者;有势力的人近义词impact n.碰撞;撞击;影响 v.撞击;碰撞;(对……)产生影响Live 【v】居住;生活;生存;以……为生;留存;铭记【n】生命;生活【adj】活的;有生命的;现场演出的形近词alive a.活着的deliver v. 发表 ( 讲话);递送;接生 ( 婴儿 )Delivery n. 分娩;投递;讲话方式outlive v.比……活得长;比……经久liveliness n. 活力livelihood n. 生计;生活词组live off依赖……生活,依赖近义词dwell v. 居住于;存在于reside v. 定居于;属于近义词survive v. 幸存;比……活得长survival n. 生存;幸存inhabit v. 居住于settle v. 使定居federal 【adj】联邦的形近词federation n. 联邦制国家;联邦;(社团或组织的)同盟;联盟;联合会词组FBI:联邦调查局 (Federal Bureau of Investigation)CIA:中央情报局 (Central Intelligence Agency)large 【adj】大的; 广大的;大量的形近词largely adv. 主要地;大体上地;大量地enlarge v. 扩大;放大;扩充词组at large 一般;全体地;普遍地近义词bulky adj. 庞大的;体积大的outsize adj. 特大的huge adj. 庞大的mark 【v】做标记;指出;标明;在( 商品 ) 上贴价格 ( 或质量等) 的标签、【n】痕迹;斑点;污点;记号;符号;( 考试等 ) 分数形近词market n. 市场;行情 v. 推销;营销marketplace n.市集;商场;市场marked adj. 显著的,明显的;有记号的marketer n. 市场商人;市场营销人员remark v.评论;谈到 n.评论;话语;注意;观察remarkable adj. 卓越的;非凡的;辉煌的landmark n. 地标;里程碑;转折点 adj. 有重大意义或影响的近义词blot n. 污点spot n. 点;斑点stain n. 污迹;污渍 v. 玷污;污染symbol n. 象征;标志mark 【v】做标记;指出;标明;在( 商品 ) 上贴价格 ( 或质量等) 的标签、【n】痕迹;斑点;污点;记号;符号;( 考试等 ) 分数形近词market n. 市场;行情 v. 推销;营销marketplace n.市集;商场;市场marked adj. 显著的,明显的;有记号的system 【n】系统;体制形近词systematic adj.有系统的;系统化的systematically adv. 系统地;有条理地近义词regime n. 政权;政体( 指非民主且统治手段不被认可的政府或政权体系 );管理制度;组织方法;养生法organization n.组织;机构;团体structure n. 结构;构造;组织stress 【v】强调;着重【n】压力;强调;重点;着重;重音;( 物 )应力词组stressed-out 因心理紧张而被压垮的近义词highlight v. 强调;突出emphasize v. 强调strain v. 使不堪承受;使紧张;拉伤;扭伤 n. 压力;负担;重负Unit 2peer: 【n.】同龄人;同等地位的人;贵族【vt.】仔细看;费力地看词组gaze at:凝视;注视stare at:盯;凝视glare at:长久地怒视;瞪着同义词contemporary n. 同代人issue: 【v.】发行,发表;发布;发,发放【n.】问题;( 报刊的 )期、号、版次形近词tissue n. 组织;薄的纱织品;面巾纸claim: 【v.】要求;声称;断言;索取【n.】要求; 声称; 断言; 索赔; 提要求的权利;(拥有或获得某物的)权利形近词proclaim v.宣布;声明;公布;明确表示disclaim v.放弃;拒绝承认;否认acclaim v.欢呼;称赞;宣布;欢呼;喝彩词组lay claim to:对……提出所有权要求同义词allege v. (未提出证据而)断言;指称;声称contend v. 声称;主张assert v. 声称;断言patent: 【v.】取得……的专利权;授予专利【adj.】专利的;明显的【n.】专利;专利权;专利品[词组]intellectual property:知识产权court: 【n.】法院,法庭;球场;庭院形近词courteous adj.有礼貌的courtesy: courtesy seat, courtesy phoneempathy: the ability to understand other people’s feelingsLine 【n】线,绳;路线,航线;线路, 电线;排,行;界线,边线【v】排队;加衬,做里子形近词guideline 指导方针deadline 最后期限baseline 基线,底线airline 航线,航空公司coastline 海岸线headline 大标题,头版头条新闻discipline 纪律;学科;训练;惩罚outline (n.) 轮廓;大纲;概要 (v.) 概述friendliness (n.) 友善,亲密loneliness (n.) 孤独 lonely aloneon-line (a.)线上的,在线的off-line (a.)线下的,离线的linen (a. / n.) 亚麻布(的)lineage (n.) 血统;家系;世系 kin kinshipdecline (v. / n.) 下降; (vt.) 婉拒incline (v.) 倾斜;倾向;易于 ~ to be subject to / be prone to / be apt to / be liable to / defer to / yield to underline (v.) 在…底下划线;强调 = stress / emphasizevalue: 【n.】价格;价值;实用性;重要性【v.】评价,估计;尊重,重视形近词overvalue v.对…估价过高;过分重视devalued adj. 贬值的同义词worth n. 价值;财产近义词significance n. 意义;重要性view: 【n.】观点;视点;景色;眼界【v.】视为;看待;观察形近词interview n.面试;面谈;接见;采访 v.采访;接见;对……进行面试viewer n.电视观众;观察者;指示器review n.评论;回顾;复习;评审;审查 v.回顾;检查;复习功课;写评论worldview n. 世界观in view of:鉴于,考虑到;由于in view:在能看见的范围内;在考虑之中on view:在展出;在容易看见的地方 take sth. in view = take sth. into account 把…拿来考虑同义词perspective n. 观点;(尤指受到某种思想、经验影响的) 思考方法;态度;角度;透视画法individual: 【adj.】个人的;单独的;独特的【n.】个人,个体形近词individually adv. 个别地,单独地反义词collective adj. 集体的;共同的;集合的economic: 【adj.】经济 ( 上 ) 的,经济学的形近词uneconomic adj. 不经济的;不赢利的economics n. 经济学economically adv. 节约地,节俭地socioeconomic adj. 社会经济的词组fiscal cliff:财政悬崖IMF:国际货币基金组织(International Monetary Fund)近义词financial adj. 金融的;财务fiscal adj. 财政的;国库的monetary adj. 货币的create: 【v.】创造,创作;引起,造成;建形近词creature n. 人;生物;动物creative adj. 创造的;有创造力的;创造性的;启发想象力的recreate v. 再创造;再建;重现creativity n. 创造力;创造creation n. 创造,创立;创作;创造物,作品creationism n. 创造宇宙说;创世论;神造说creationist n. 创世论者;造物主义者procreation n. 生育;生殖Legal:【adj.】法律的;合法的;正当的形近词illegal adj.非法的;违法的 n.非法移民同义词lawful adj. 合法的;法定的legitimate adj. 合法的;合情理的 v.使( 尤其坏事) 合法化consider: 【v.】认为;把……看作;考虑;细想;体谅;照顾形近词consideration n. 体贴;关心;考虑;要考虑的事;报酬;补偿费reconsider v. 重新考虑considerable adj. 相当大 ( 或多 )的considering prep.考虑到;就……而论;鉴于词组consider … as:把……视作;把…看作Unit 3Subject 【vt.】使遭受;使服从;使隶属【n.】主题;题;学科;科目;主语【adj.】受……支配的;服从于……的形近词Subjective 【adj.】主观的;个人的;自觉的词组be subject to:遭受;承受lead 【v.】领导;引导;促进;领先;占首位;通向;导致;带来【n.】带领;领头;引导;铅形近词leadership n.领导能力;领导地位;领导阶层mislead vt. 误导;使误信;将…引入歧途leader n. 领袖;领导者;首领;指挥者plead v. 请求;恳求;为…辩护;提出…为理由leading adj. 卓越的;最重要的词组lead someone on 误导;蒙骗(某人)lead up to 导致;逐渐导致;使话题(渐渐)转向;为……做准备take the lead 带头;为首;起带头作用;领导intend 【v.】想要;打算;企图词组intend to do/intend doing sth. 打算做Sector 【n.】 ( 经济的 ) 部门;行业;领域account【n.】解释;说明;账户形近词accountant n. 会计师;会计人员词组account for 说明...原因; 占…比例take into account:考虑到;体谅leave sth. out of account:不考虑on account of 由于; 因为account【n.】解释;说明;账户近义词description n. 描述,描写;类型;说明书explanation n. 说明,解释;辩解consumer【n.】消费者;用户,顾客形近词consumption n. 消费;消耗;肺痨consuming adj. 消费的;强烈的近义词client n. [经] 客户;顾客;委托人consumerism n. 保护消费者利益运动;用户至上主义consumer【n.】消费者;用户,顾客形近词consumption n. 消费;消耗;肺痨consuming adj. 消费的;environment:【n.】环境,外界形近词environmental adj. 环境的,周围的;有关环境的environmentally adv. 有关环境方面地environmentalist n. 环保人士;环境论者;研究环境问题的专家environment:【n.】环境,外界近义词surroundings n. 环境;周围的事物atmosphere n. 气氛;大气;空气situation n. 情况;形势;处境;位置essay:【n.】论文;杂文;散文;(学生就某门课程所写的 ) 论说文,短文近义词article n. 文章;物品;条款;[语] 冠词thesis n. 论文;论点matter: 【v.】要紧;有关系;有影响【n.】( 有形的 ) 物质;( 某一类型的 ) 物质;( 印刷或阅读的 ) 材料词组as a matter of fact 其实;实际上近义词substance n. 物质;实质stuff n. 东西;材料;填充物;素材资料material n. 材料,原料;物资;布料fund: 【v.】拨款,为……提供资金【n.】专款;基金;资金形近词fundamental adj. 基本的,根本的fundamentally adv. 根本地,从根本上;基础地non-fundamentalistunderfund v.投资不足hold: 【v.】持有;拥有;保存;拘留;约束或控制【n.】专款;基金;资金[形近词]household n. 家庭;同住在一所房子里的人;一家人holder n. 支持物;持有者;( 支票等 ) 持有人withhold vt. 扣留,拒绝给予shareholder n. 股东hold: 【v.】持有;拥有;保存;拘留;约束或控制【n.】专款;基金;资金[形近词]shareholding n. 股权stockholder n. 股东;股票持有人stakeholder n. 利益相关人;股东[词组]hold back 退缩;阻止;抑制hold on 等一等;停一停;别挂电话, 坚持hold out伸出;递出;维持;保密;坚持;不屈服hold up 举起;支持;耽搁;抢劫[同义词]cling vi. 坚持,墨守;紧贴;附着withstand v. 经受住;承受;顶住seize vt. 抓住;夺取;理解;逮捕function 【v.】起作用【n.】功能;作用;职责;职务;职员[形近词]functional adj. 功能的[同义词]Work n. 工作;[物] 功;产品;操作;职业;行为;工厂;文学、音乐或艺术作品Employ vt. 使用,采用;雇用;使忙于,使从事于evidence【n.】根据;证据;形迹,迹象[形近词]evident adj. 明显的;明白的[同义词]proof n. 证明;证据;校样;考验;验证;试验 adj. 防…的;不能透入的;证明用的;耐…的practice 【n.】n. 实践;练习;惯例【v.】执行;履行;演出;表演[词组]in practice 在实践中;事实上;实际上[同义词]perform v. 执行;履行;演出;表演note 【n.】笔记;记录;按语;注释;便条;短笺;纸币;含义;暗示;钞票;纸币【v.】注意;记下;摘录下[形近词]denote vt. 表示,代表noteworthy adj. 值得注意的;显著的;重要的[词组]take/make notes 做笔记Unit 4Degree 【n.】程度;度数;学位;等级形近词agreement n. 协定;一致;同意Greek n. 希腊人;希腊语 adj. 希腊的;希腊人的Concern 【v】涉及;关系到;关注【n.】关心;关切;顾虑;忧虑;利害 ( 关系 )形近词concerned adj. 关心的;关注的;有关(方面)的;认为重要的;担心的unconcerned adj. 不关心的;无关的;无忧虑的词组concern oneself with 对...关切; 关怀; 关心...as/so far as ... be concerned 就...而言Allow 【v】允许;同意;考虑形近词shallow adj. 浅的, 肤浅的词组allow for 考虑到Product 【v】生产;引起;创作形近词production n. 成果;产品;生产;作品Productive adj. 富有成效的;多产的;有益的;具有创造性的productivity n. 生产力;生产率;生产能力近义词Invention n. 发明, 虚构的故事, 创作能力level 【n】水平;程度;等级,级别【adj.】水平的;平的;平稳的【v】弄平;铺平;使瞄准;使对准形近词low-level adj. 低水平的;低级别的;次要的形近词level off 稳定;呈平稳状态on the level 真诚;坦率;诚恳do one’s level best 全力以赴;竭尽所能effort 【n】努力形近词Effortless adj. 容易的;不费力气的infer 【v】推断;推论形近词inferiority n. 劣势;劣等;下等;次级;自卑情绪,自卑感inferior adj. 低等的;劣等的;下级的;差的,次的inference n. 推理;推论;推断infer 【v】推断;推论近义词Deduce vt. 推论,推断;演绎出Conclude vt. 推断;决定,作结论;结束professional 【adj.】专业的;职业的;职业性的形近词professionalize v. 使……职业化;使……专业化professionalization 专业化professionalism n. 职业水准或特性;职业化;专业化provide 【v.】提供形近词provided conj. 假如;倘若provider n. 提供者;供应者,供应商provision n. 规定;条款;准备;[经] 供应品近义词supply n. 供给,补给;供应品 vt. 供给,提供;补充offer vt. 提供;给予challenge 【n.】挑战;艰巨任务;(对真实性、价值、权威等提出的 ) 怀疑;质疑【v.】挑战;怀疑;质疑( 真实性、价值、权威等形近词Unchallenged adj. 不成问题的;未引起争论的Unit 5Structure 【v】组织;构成;建造【n.】结构;构造;建筑物形近词restructuring v.改组;重新组织;调整structural adj. 结构的;建筑的infrastructure n. 下部构造;基础设施;下部组织Content 【v】使满足【n.】内容,目录;满足;容量【adj.】满意的形近词contention n. 争吵,争执;(争论或讨论时的)看法;观点discontent n.不满 adj.不满的 vt.使不满self-contented adj.自满的;沾沾自喜的Deal 【n.】数量;程度;交易【v.】处理;给予;做买卖;经营形近词ideal n. 理想;完美的典型;典范 adj. 理想的;完美的;假设的dealing n. 行为;交易;交往Dealership n. 代理权;代理商;经销权词组deal with 处理;应付;安排a great deal of 大量的;许多的近义词contract n. 契约;合同 v.使收缩,使缩小;使缩短Define 【v】阐明;规定;限定;使明确;给…下定义;解释Immigrant 【n.】( 外来 ) 移民;侨民【adj.】 ( 从国外 ) 移来的;移民的形近词immigration n. 移居;移民emigrate v. 移居国外;移民comprehension【n.】理解;领悟形近词comprehensive adj. 全面的;综合性的;能充分理解的;广泛的词组beyond one’s comprehension 不可理解potential 【adj.】潜在的;可能的【n.】潜能;潜力形近词possible adj. 可能的;潜在的probable adj. 可能的;大概的;很有希望的mass 【adj.】大规模的,群众的;大量的【n.】块,团;群众,民众;大量,众多;质量形近词massive adj. 大而重的,大块的;大规模的;巨大的,大量的massacre n. 大屠杀biomass n. (单位面积或体积内)所有生物的数量近义词Rally vt. 团结起来;一致支持;恢复;振作 n. 群众大会;集会;(汽车;摩托车等的)公路大赛compare 【v.】比较;相比;对比;比作形近词comparable adj. 可比较的;比得上comparison n. 比较;对照;比喻comparative adj. 比较的;相当的comparatively adv. 比较地;相当地词组compare with 与……相比较compare to 与……相比;把……比作近义词Contrast v. 对比;对照;截然不同;有明显差异 n. 对比;差别;悬殊feature 【v.】 vt. 以…为特色【n.】特色,特征【n.】特写(或专题)involve 【v.】使……卷入;牵涉;涉及;包含;使陷入;使参与形近词involvement n. 参与;介入;卷入;(投入的)感情;(倾注的)热情;暧昧关系;恋爱关系Revolve vt. 使…旋转;使…循环;反复考虑;围绕evolve v. 发展,进化;使逐步形成;推断出invalid adj. 无效的;站不住脚的 n. 病人;残废者近义词engage v. 使从事;使参与;使参加谈话occupy v. 占据;使从事segment 【n.】部分;段;片;节近义词section n. 部分;章节fraction n. 一小部分;些微Access 【n.】接近;进入的方法;入口;通道;进入权【v.】读取(计算机)信近义词accessible adj. 易接近的;可进入的;可理解的词组give access to 获得access road 进出某处的)通道Cover 【n.】封面,封皮;盖子;掩蔽物【v.】包涵;足以支付,经过;穿过形近词coverage n. 覆盖;覆盖范围;新闻报道recovery n. 恢复,复原;痊愈;重获Discover vt. 发现;发觉近义词Cloak n. 斗蓬;宽大外衣;覆盖物;遮盖物 vt. 笼罩;覆盖;遮掩Reveal 【v.】vt. 显示;透露;揭露;泄露Uncover vt. 发现;揭露Unveil vt. 使公诸于众,揭露Display v. 显示;陈列disclose vt. 公开;揭露Analysis 【n.】分析近义词anatomy n. 解剖;解剖学;剖析;骨骼probe n. 探查;调查Unit 6identify 【v】识别;鉴别;确认;把……看成一样形近词identity n. 身份;同一性词组identify with 认同;与……有同感近义词recognize vt. 认出,识别Classify vt. 分类;分等title 【v】识别;鉴别;确认;把……看成一样近义词entitle v. 取名为;叫做;给予名称;给……权利 ( 或资格 ) entitlement (拥有某事或做某事的)权利或资格Subtitle n. 副标题;说明或对白的字幕 vt. 在…上印字幕;给…加副标题Doubt 【v.】怀疑;疑问;疑惑【n.】怀疑;疑问;疑惑近义词doubter n. 怀疑者Undoubtedly adv. 确实地,无庸置疑地doubtful adj. 怀疑的;不能确定的词组in doubt 不确定;存在疑问 in no doubt 毫无疑问Physical 【adj.】物质的;有形的;肉体的;身体的;物理学的形近词physics n. 物理;物理学geophysical adj. 地球物理学的Physician n. [医] 医师;内科医师astrophysicist n. 天体物理学家近义词material adj. 物质的,有形的;肉体的bodily adj. 身体的;肉体的Introduce 【v.】介绍;引进;提出;采用;推行形近词introductory adj. 引导的,介绍的;引言的近义词Initiate vt. 开始,创始;发起Launch vt. 发射(导弹、火箭等);发起,发动 n. 发射;下水Figure 【v.】介绍;引进;提出;采用;推行词组figure out 弄清楚Conduct 【v.】引导,带领;处理;实施;管理;传导 ( 热,电等 );指挥 ( 军队,乐队等 )形近词semiconductor n. [电子][物] 半导体conductive adj. 传导性的;传导的;有传导力的Conductor n. 领导者;向导;管理人;( 管弦乐队或合唱团的 ) 指挥近义词behavior n. 行为;举止;( 科学领域中的 ) 运动方式;活动方式;性能;特点steer vt.驾驶;控制,引导(某人采取某种行为或态度)Tell 【v.】辨别,区别;告诉;讲述;吩咐,命令;(事物 ) 显露,显示形近词Teller n.出纳员;讲话者;银行柜员机intellect n. 智力;非凡的才智;才智非凡的人intellectual n. 知识分子;脑力劳动者 adj. 智力的;聪明的;理智的;知识的intellectualism n. 知性主义; 理智主义; 对理智之偏重intelligent adj. 智能的;聪明的;有才智的intelligently adv. 聪明地,明智地Intelligence n. 智力;智能;聪明Satellite n. 人造卫星近义词Inform vt. 通知;告诉Notify vt. 通知;告知lack 【n.】缺乏,不足;缺少的东西【v.】缺乏,缺少形近词blackened adj.变黑的;被损坏的slack adj. 松弛的;疏忽的;不流畅的 vt. 放松;松懈;使缓慢 n. 煤末;长裤Slacken vt. 使缓慢;使松懈;使松弛available 【adj.】可用的;可获得的;有空的词组be available to 可用于近义词obtainable adj. 可获得的;可取得的accessible adj. 可接近的;易得到的;Emerge 【v.】浮现;出现;( 问题等 ) 发生;显露,( 事实等 )暴露;( 从困境等中 ) 摆脱;露头;出头形近词emergence n. 出现,浮现;发生;露头Emergency n. 紧急情况;突发事件;非常时刻 adj. 紧急情况下的;备用的词组emerge from 从……中出现,暴露(问题,意见等)近义词surface v. 显露;浮出水面originate v. 发源;来自;产生;创始;开创Appear v. 出现;显现Express 【v.】表达;表示【adj.】特快的,快速的;明确的;确切的【n.】特快列车;快递;捷运公司形近词press v. 压,按;催促;敦促;进行;强调;榨取;压榨 n. 报纸;报刊;印刷机;新闻记者expression n. 表达,表示;表情;神情impress vt. 盖印;强征;传送;给予某人深刻印象impressive adj. 感人的;令人钦佩的;给人以深刻印象的unimpressive adj. 无印象的;给人印象不深的;不惹人注意的Depress vt. 降低;减少;使沮丧;使萧条depression n. 萧条( 期 );不景气;沮丧;忧愁;忧郁症depressant n.镇静剂compress vt. 压缩,压紧;使简练pressing adj. 紧迫的;迫切的Oppress vt. 压迫,压抑;使……烦恼suppress vt. 抑制;镇压;废止词组press for 迫切要求;敦促近义词State vt. 声明;陈述convey vt. 传达;输送;传递Consequence 【n.】结果;后果;影响;重要性词组in consequence 因此;结果近义词Outcome n. 结果,成果Contribute 【v.】有助于;贡献,捐助;投稿;捐献形近词contributing adj. 贡献的;起作用的contribution n. 贡献;捐献;捐助之物词组contribute to 有助于;捐助;贡献lead to 导致;把……带到give rise to 引起;导致;造成Executive 【 adj.】执行的,实施的【 n.】经理;主管;管理者Current 【 adj.】现时的;当前的;进行中的【 n.】(河湖或海的)水流;气流;电流;思潮;潮流形近词curve n. 曲线;弯曲;曲线球;曲线图表 vt. 使弯曲;使呈曲线形sort 【v.】分类;整理【n.】种类;类别形近词Resort v. 求助,诉诸;凭借;采取 n.胜地;手段词组sort sth. out 挑选出;分类;整理;解决(问题);清理(细节)近义词assort vt.把……分类classify vt. 分类;归类Secure 【v.】得到某物;获得;防护;保卫【adj.】安全的;可靠的;放心的;稳固的;稳定的近义词Safeguard vt. 保护,护卫,维护shield vt. 保护;掩护;庇护Threat 【n.】威胁;恐吓;凶兆近义词Menace n. 威胁;恐吓;Unit 7Material 【n.】材料;物质;素材;资料【adj.】物质的形近词materialism n. 唯物主义;唯物论;实利主义;物质主义materialistic adj. 物质的;唯物主义的observe 【v】观察;看到;遵守;奉行形近词Observer n. 观察家近义词abide v. 忍受,容忍;遵守Survey v. 调查establish 【v】建立,设立;安置,使定居;确立形近词establishment n. 确立,制定;公司;机构词组well-established 已为大家接受的establish oneself in 定居于;在……落户近义词launch vt.开展(重大活动);发起,发动(军事袭击等);推出;发布wonder 【v】诧异;奇怪;纳闷;想知道形近词wonderful adj. 奇妙的;极好的词组no wonder 难怪;怪不得approach 【v.】靠近;接近;临近【n.】方法;途径词组access to 接近;有权使用;通向……的入口come up to 达到;等于get close to 靠近;接近Grant 【v.】给予;授予;同意;准予形近词Immigrant adj. 移民的;迁入的 n. 移民,侨民词组take…… for granted 想当然,视作理所当然position 【n.】位置;职位;职务;姿势;姿态;见解;立场;形式形近词positive adj. 积极的;明确的;肯定的;有益的;毋庸置疑的;(化学或实验验证结果是)阳性的;(数字)正的;带正电的posture n. 姿势;态度;立场 v. 故作姿态Composition n. 作文,作曲;构成;合成物opposition n. 反对;敌对;反对派;在野党proposition n. 命题;提议;主题;议题disposition n. 性情;倾向;处置;部署近义词locate vt. 招到;设立;确定…的位置site n. 场地;场所 vt.使坐落在brain 【n.】位置;职位;职务;姿势;姿态;见解;立场;形式形近词brainstorm v.集思广益;集体献计词组brain-drain 智囊流失;人才流失Term 【n.】学期;期间;时期;条件;术语;条款;地位【v.】把……称为,把……叫做形近词Determine v. 确定,查明;决定;使下决心;判决,裁定determinedly adv. 决然地;果断地Terminate vt. 使停止;使结束;解雇Termina l n. 末端;终点;终端机;极限 adj. 末端的;终点的;晚期的terminally adv. 末期地;末端地;晚期地;终止地词组in terms of 根据;就……而言clause n. ( 法律文书的 ) 条款Increasingly 【 adv. 】不断增加地;越来越多地形近词increased adj. 增加的;增强的Labor 【 n.】工作;劳动;劳力;劳工形近词laboratory n. 实验室,研究室elaborate adj. 精心制作的;详尽的;煞费苦心的 vt. 精心制作;详细计划;详细阐述;从简单成分合成(复杂有机物);变复杂laborsaving adj. 节省劳力的collaborate v. 合作;勾结,通敌Collaboratively adv.合作地;协作地labor【 n.】工作;劳动;劳力;劳工词组workforce n. 劳动力Mobile 【 n.】事业;职业;生涯;工作岁月;职业生涯【adj.】可动的;活动的;运动的;移动的;可轻松移动的detail 【n.】细节【v.】详述;详细列举( 或说明 )career 【n.】事业,职业;生涯;工作岁月;职业生涯quit 【v.】离开;退出;停止;放弃;辞职近义词Resign vt. 辞职;放弃;Renounce v. 放弃;抛弃depart vi. 离开;出发Essential 【n.】本质;要点;要素;必不可少的东西【adj.】必要的;必不可少的;本质的;基本的近义词Necessary adj. 必要的;必需的 n. 必需品vital adj. 至关重要的;必不可少的indispensable adj. 不可缺少的;绝对必要的 n. 不可缺少之物;必不可少的人Essential 【n.】本质;要点;要素;必不可少的东西【adj.】必要的;必不可少的;本质的;基本的近义词Core n. 核心;要点;果心;(问题的)核心;要点;主要业务;主要活动 vt. 去掉...的果心;给(水果)去核head 【n.】头;头顶;头部;首脑,首长;( 公司、组织的 ) 负责人;领导人;头脑;才智【v.】率领;站在…前头;前进;用头撞;顶(球)形近词headache n. 头痛;麻烦;令人头痛之事go-ahead n.前进;进步;许可;批准Headline n. 大标题;内容提要;栏外标题;头版头条新闻 vt. 给…加标题;使成为注意中心;在(演出中)担任主演headway n. 前进;进步;航行速度;间隔时间headlong adj. 轻率的;头向前的;迅猛的 adv. 头向前地;迅猛地;猛然用力地headhunter n. 猎头者;物色人才的人;猎取人头的蛮人词组head for 驶向;走向近义词chief n. 首领;负责人talent n. 才能;天资respect 【v.】尊敬,重视;遵守;顾及【n.】尊敬,尊重;方面形近词respected adj. 受尊敬的;受重视的;被认可的respectable adj. 值得尊敬的;客观的;人格高尚的;相当的大respectively adv. 分别地;各自地,独自地irrespectively adv. 无关地词组with respect to 关于in respect of 关于;涉及形近词esteem vt. 尊敬;尊重;敬重 n. 尊敬;尊重;敬重Maintain 【v.】维持;继续;维修;主张;供养;赡养形近词retain vt.保持;保留;保存;付定金聘请(律师)uphold vt. 维持;支持Sustain vt. 使持续;保持;经受primary 【v.】 adj. 最初的;初级的;首要的;主要的;基本的形近词primarily adv. 首先;主要Prime adj. 主要的;最好的 n. 全盛时期;最成功时期 vt. 事先指点;做好准备principal adj. 最重要的;主要的central adj. 中心的;最重要的Unit 8Relate 【v.】叙述;讲述;和……联系形近词interrelated adj. 相关的,互相联系的Correlate v. 相互关联;极为相似;使显示联系;使相互关联correlated adj. 有相互联系的词组be related with 与……有关;与……相联系relate to 有关,涉及近义词bond v. 与……紧密联系commune v. 与……融为一体Directly 【adv.】直接地;笔直地;坦率地;直截了当地;正好地;即刻;马上形近词Directory n. 姓名住址簿;工商名录;号码簿;董事会,理事会;指南,使用手册directive adj. 指导的;管理的;方向性的 n. 指令indirectly adv. 间接地;迁回地;婉转地;不坦率地近义词Straight adv. 直接地;坦率地Frankly adv. 直率地,坦诚地Otherwise 【conj.】要不然;否则【adv.】与之不同地;相反地;以其他方式;在其他方面反义词likewise adv. 同样地;而且Reflect 【v.】反映;表现;思考;深思;考虑形近词Reflection n. 思考;见解;想法;反映;反射;表现;体现;倒影Unreflecting adj. 不反射的;无思虑的;不反省的词组relect on 思考;仔细想;回忆Despite 【v.】不管,尽管词组in spite of 尽管Discipline 【v.】训练;惩罚【n.】纪律;规定;学科;训练land 【n.】陆地;士地;田地;国土;国家【v.】 ( 使 ) 登陆;( 使 ) 着陆;弄到;捞到形近词Mainland n. 大陆;本土landing n. 登陆;码头;楼梯平台Element 【n.】元素;要素;组成部分形近词elevate v. 举起;提高;提升Indicate 【v.】指出;指示;表明;暗示Expose 【v.】使暴露,使显露;揭露;揭发;使遭受形近词Pose v. 摆姿势;装模作样;提出 ( 讨论等 );造成;形成 n. 姿势;装模作样purpose n. 目的;用途;意志 v. 决心;企图;打算propose v. 主张;提议;建议;打算;计划;求婚impose v. 强加;征税;利用;欺骗;施加影响compose v. 相成;组成;写作;作曲;使平静;排字Oppose v. 反对;抗争propose v. 主张;提议;建议;打算;计划;求婚impose v. 强加;征税;利用;欺骗;施加影响compose v. 相成;组成;写作;作曲;使平静;排字oppose v. 反对;抗争suppose v. 猜想,料想;假设;认为supposedly adv. 据说;可能;按照准则;恐怕词组be exposed to 暴露于;遭受be composed of 组成as opposed to 与……截然相反be supposed to ( 按计划或期望 )应当,应该Religion 【n.】宗教;信仰;信念形近词religious adj. 宗教的;虔诚的;宗教信仰坚定的 n. 修道士;尼姑Suffer 【v.】 ( 因疾病或处于其他不利境地而 ) 受苦;受难;受折磨。
客房服务:词汇:酒店客房小物件清单:shoe shine cloth擦鞋布all in one charger万能充电器coffee spoon咖啡勺hot water boiler热水壶telephone directory电话使用指南electric iron电熨斗charger 充电器DO NOT DISTURB sign请勿打扰”指示牌Hair drier 电吹风nail clipper 指甲刀coaster杯垫toilet paper厕纸corkscrew 开瓶器ladies vanity bag女士用品卫生袋weight scale体重秤stir搅拌棒make up cotton化妆棉mouthwash 口水动ice tong冰块夹facial tissue面巾纸razor /shaving kit剃须套装pillow 枕头pillow case 枕套bed sheet 床单quilt 被子quilt cover 被套disposable slipper 一次性拖鞋floor lamp 落地灯wardrobe 衣橱transformer 变压器outside line 外线engaged 占线area code 电话区号get through 接通stain 污点remove去除grease 油脂berry 浆果lipstick口红印mud 泥印blood血迹ink墨迹special handling 特殊处理starch给(衣服)上浆iron熨衣mend 修补press熨烫dry-clean 干洗button 纽扣,扣子cuff袖口hole 洞seam线缝;裂缝collar 衣领;领子stitch 缝;缝补sleeve 袖子bleach漂白句子:1.我会给工程部打电话。
电工很快会去您房间。
I’ll call the Engineering Department. The electrician will come to your room very soon.2.维修工会在十分钟内来您的房间。
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stain形容词
"Stain" 可以作为一个形容词使用,用来描述某物表面被染色或弄脏后的状态。
当物体表面受到颜色、油渍、水渍等有色或不洁净的物质的影响,导致表面出现明显的变色或污渍时,我们可以形容它为"stained"。
这种变色或污渍可能是由于不慎的食物溅落、液体洒溅、污垢沉积或其他污染物引起的。
"Stained" 一词常用于描述织物、衣物、地毯、家具等物体表面的污渍或变色情况。
例如,当你不小心将咖啡溅到白色衬衫上时,你可以说衬衫被"stained",意味着它的表面出现了咖啡渍并且颜色发生了变化。
艺术类词汇合集01-3艺术---- 写实印象派 --- rose Frantzen gallery 画廊exhibit 展览looked at 阅读realistic写实的impressionism EII象派sum these up 总结impressionist印象派画家depict描绘apply painters 运用颜料canvas画布rough粗糙的subject 主体scenes景色IandSCaPeS地貌,风景bleak萧瑟的,荒凉的blurry模糊的pinkish带点粉色的fence栅栏Iowa艾奥瓦州barn谷仓,牛栏cattle 牛postures 姿态elements 因素depiction 描绘subject matter 主题pumpkins 南瓜brushstrokes 画笔ChaotiC混乱的vibrant震动的electric blue 电光蓝peaking out 漏出来accessible容易理解的appreciate 欣赏attend art school读艺术学校illustration绘画,图解,插图head头头agency机构portrait肖像画art fairs艺术展no matter what无论如何all over the country 全国keep at it坚持住03-4电影历史十九世纪二三十年代back then 当时category 分类standard 标准hybrids杂种,混合物mixture of styles风格的混合fit in匹配,适合in a way在一定意义上,以某种方式conform 遵从classify 分类fuse施合fiction虚构行为,虚构的东西fictional虚构的element 因素aquatic水生的display 展示ITlollIlSk软体动物set it to music配上音乐narration 叙述portray 描绘notions 概念at times 偶尔uncanny怪异的feature 特征suspicious令人怀疑的seahorse 海马that unusual那么奇特rare罕见talk the early 19th century 讨论19 世纪早期in that sense在那个意义上看similarities end相似处到此为止high-tech高科技的fancy花哨的patch the equipment together 把设备绑在——起open Sea广阔的海域ShaIIOW 浅的investigate 调查documentarist纪录片拍摄者catch on(caught On)流行go back to取决于,根源于what to make of his films如何定义他的电影straightforward 直接的buffs爱好者们3-5艺术的起源——法国的洞穴艺术【划线的是一篇】PreSerVed art受保护的艺术品CaVe PaintingS 洞穴画PiPed LIP尖声说Qreat QrandmOther 太婆Prim币Ve低级的Slide幻灯片anythin。
ri是日的拼音,可以联想成日、太阳。
rib [rɪb]n. 肋骨;排骨;vt. 嘲笑;戏弄=ri + b=太阳+ 笔联想:太阳的笔是肋骨做的。
例句:She was taken to the hospital with broken ribs and a punctured lung. 她肋骨骨折、肺部穿孔,被送往医院。
rid [rɪd]v. 摆脱,消除;解除,免除=ri + d=太阳+ 弟弟联想:太阳摆脱了难缠的弟弟。
例句:Try and get rid of your visitors before I get there. 在我到达之前,想办法把你的客人打发走。
ridge [rɪdʒ]n. 山脊;山脉;隆起;脊;垄;vt. 使隆起;使形成脊状=rid + ge=摆脱+ 哥哥联想:小威为了摆脱哥哥,躲进隆起的山脉。
例句:I looked across the mountains, ridge upon ridge. 我放眼绵延起伏的群山。
fridge [frɪdʒ]n. 电冰箱=f + ridge=范范+ 山脉联想:范范在山脉里发现一个旧电冰箱。
例句:Put the meat in the fridge so it doesn't go bad. 把肉放进冰箱里,免得坏了。
refrigerator [rɪˈfrɪdʒəreɪtər]n. 冰箱;冷藏库;制冰机,冷冻机=re + friger + ator名词后缀=re + fridge去d加r + ator名词后缀=重新+ 冰箱+ 表示:物=冰箱例句:This dessert can be served straight from the refrigerator. 这甜点从冰箱里拿出后即可食用。
rip [rɪp]n. 裂口;v. 扯破,撕坏;裂开=ri + p=太阳+ 皮皮虾联想:太阳被皮皮虾扯破,太阳裂开,有裂口。
例句:The flags had been ripped in two. 旗帜都被撕成了两半。
1]Fuction [1]功能区Entrance 入口Living room 客厅Sitting room 起居室Dinning room 餐厅Kitchen 厨房Office 书房Master bedroom 主卧房Quest bedroom 客卧Children bedroom 儿童房Projection room 视听室Dressing room 更衣室Storeroom 储藏室Master bathroom 主卫Bathroom 卫生间Wash room 洗衣房Staircase 楼梯Aisle 过道Gazebe 阳台Garden 花园Swimming pool 游泳池[2]Furniture [2]家具Cupboard 厨房橱柜Drink box 酒柜Bar 吧台Dinning table 餐桌Chair 椅子Reclining chair 躺椅Sofa 沙发Tea table 茶几TV set 电视柜Chest of drawers 藏衣柜Chest of drawers 五斗矮柜Bookcase 书柜Bed 床Bedstand 床头柜[3]Light [3]灯具Droplight 吊灯吸顶灯Embed light 嵌灯Daylight lamp 日光灯Reflect down light 筒灯Quartz down-light 石英灯Votage track light 射灯Track light 轨道灯Picture light 镜画灯Hiding light 暗藏灯管Wall lamp 壁灯Reading lamp 台灯Floor lamp 落地灯[4]Bathroom fixture [4]卫生洁具Washbowl 洗手台[台盆]Water faucet 水龙头Closestool 座便器Urinal 小便斗Bathtab 浴缸Shower bath 淋浴房cloakroom 衣帽间[5]Wiring [4]电器设备Television 电视机Sound box 音响Washer 洗衣机1Refrigeratory 冰箱Macrowave oven 微波炉Electric cooker 电饭褒Immersion heater 电热水壶Air-condition 空调Switch 开关Electrical outlet 插座Walking Closet 衣帽间ssss客厅 Livingroom卧室 Bedroom书房 Study阁楼 Loft楼梯 Stair楼梯间 Stir Well玄关 Entrance卫生间 Bathromm厨房 Kitchenground plan 平面图floor, storey 层ground floor 第一层 (美作:first floor)flat 套 (美作:apartment)stair well 楼梯间lift shaft (美作:elevator shaft)fire escape 防火梯staircase 楼梯goods lift 公务电梯 (美作:freight elevator) central heating 暖气ventilation shaft 通风井air conditioning 空调air-conditioned 带空调的flooring (一块)地板floorboard 地板(总称)parquet 木条地板herringbone parquet 人字形木条地板tile 瓷砖terrazzo 磨石子地wall 墙main wall 承重墙partition wall 隔断墙plastering 抹灰skirting board 壁脚板to whitewash 粉刷facade 建筑物正面window 窗basement 地下室penthouse 遮檐,披屋attic, garret 阁楼kitchen 厨房dining room 饭厅living room 起居室lounge 吸烟室,大厅bathroom 浴室toilet 卫生间chimney 烟囱fireplace 壁炉gutter 排水沟drainpipe 雨水管,落水管ceiling 天花板flat roof, roof garden 屋顶平台,屋顶花园roof 屋瓦顶tile, roof tile 瓦sand 沙2cement 水泥mortar 灰泥plaster 石膏concrete 混凝土reinforced concrete, prestressed concrete 钢筋混凝土gravel 碎石brick 砖slate 石板marble 大理石beam 梁,木梁girder 钢梁corrugated iron 波状钢timber 木料,木材pipes 钢管wiring 电器设备promoter 创办人architect 建筑师quantity surveyor 施工技术员draftsman 绘图员civil engineer 道路工程师builder 建筑工人foreman 工头master builder 营造商,建筑工程队队长(master) bricklayer 泥瓦匠,砌砖工匠hodman, hod carrier 小工plasterer 抹灰工welder 焊工joiner 工匠electrician 电工glazier 玻璃工匠plumber 管道技工plumber's mate 管道工painter, decorator 油漆工crane driver 吊车司机方案:Design, Scheme初步设计:Primary Design施工图 CD: Construction Design Fuction 功能区Light 灯具Droplight 吊灯吸顶灯Entrance 入口Living room 客厅Sitting room 起居室Embed light 嵌灯Dinning room 餐厅Daylight lamp 日光灯Kitchen 厨房Reflect down light 筒灯Office 书房Quartz down-light 石英灯Master bedroom 主卧房3Votage track light 射灯Quest bedroom 客卧Track light 轨道灯Children bedroom 儿童房Picture light 镜画灯Hiding light 暗藏灯管Projection room 视听室Dressing room 更衣室Wall lamp 壁灯Storeroom 储藏室Reading lamp 台灯Master bathroom 主卫Floor lamp 落地灯Bathroom 卫生间Bathroom fixture 卫生洁具Wash room 洗衣房Staircase 楼梯Washbowl 洗手台[台盆] Aisle 过道Water faucet 水龙头Closestool 座便器Gazebe 阳台Urinal 小便斗Garden 花园Bathtab 浴缸Swimming pool 游泳池Shower bath 淋浴房Furniture 家具Wiring 电器设备Cupboard 厨房橱柜Television 电视机Drink box 酒柜Sound box 音响Bar 吧台Washer 洗衣机Dinning table 餐桌Bedstand 床头柜Bed 床Bookcase 书柜Chest of drawers 五斗矮柜4Electrical outlet 插座Chest of drawers 藏衣柜Switch 开关TV set 电视柜Air-condition 空调Tea table 茶几Immersion heater 电热水壶Sofa 沙发Electric cooker 电饭褒Reclining chair 躺椅Macrowave oven 微波炉Chair 椅子Refrigeratory 冰箱American interior design; 美国室内设计American interior designer; 美国室内设计师Residential design; 私家住宅设计;Villa design (single family home design); 别墅设计;Office design; 办公室设计;Commercial design; 非住宅设计(商务楼设计;写字楼设计;公共场所设计)Californian interior design; 加州室内设计Californian interior designer; 加州室内设计师Model home design; 样板房设计Clubhouse interior design;会所室内设计American furniture design;美国家具设计Foreign interior design; 外国室内设计Foreign interior designer; 外国室内设计师PLAN —设计方案Interior design –室内设计Exterior 室外Landscape design –景观设计Architecture design –建筑设计designer –设计师5baseplan –基础建筑图floor plan –平面图elevation -立面图RCP = 天花吊顶设计 = Reflected Ceiling Plan electric plan = 电线走线图furniture plan –家具布置平面图interior plant plan –室内植物摆放图window schedule –窗表door schedule –门表美国室内设计有两种合同:一种叫做specification,就是只设计,不负责采购室内陈设;另外一种是turnkey,字面意思就是交钥匙,设计师负责设计同时也负责采购室内全部用品用具,包括家具、摆设、艺术皮、画、床上用品、地毯等。
stain造句
1、stain by smearing or daubing with a dirty substance
被一些很脏的东西沾污。
2、Powdered carbon can clean away fingerprint, oil stain on lens, and do not scratch or damage lens.
碳粉头更可清除镜片上难清洁的指印、油污等顽固污渍,且不会刮花、损伤镜头;
3、I'll never get the stain out.
我永远别想把颜料洗掉。
4、It has upon it a stain that technology cannot annul or override.
它带来的污点是科技无法清楚,不能撤消的。
5、You have to wait a couple minutes so the stain remover can take effect.
这些除锈剂必须等几分钟才能生效。
6、Telltale smears of black sludge, the remnants of an oil spill, stain California's Huntington Beach.
海洋污染图片。
警示涂片黑色污泥,残余漏油,染色加州的亨廷顿海滩。
7、Borax carmine A dye used to stain nuclei for light microscopy.
硼砂洋红:一种用来在光学显微镜下染细胞核的染料。
8、It does not stain with basic dyes.
它不能够被碱性染料所染色。
stain的用法总结大全stain的用法总结大全stain的意思vi. 弄脏,污染,被玷污vt. 玷污,染污,败坏(名声),给…染色n. 污点,瑕疵,着色剂,色斑变形:过去式: stained; 现在分词:staining; 过去分词:stained;stain用法stain可以用作动词stain用作名词意思是“染色剂”,转化为动词则表示“给…染色”“弄脏”,引申可表示“玷污某人的名声”。
stain可用作不及物动词,也可用作及物动词。
用作及物动词时,接名词作宾语。
还可接以表示颜色的形容词充当补足语的复合宾语。
可用于被动结构。
stain用作及物动词时,主动形式常含有被动意义。
stain用作动词的用法例句These carpets won't stain easily.这些地毯不易弄脏。
He stained the family honor.他玷污了家族的荣誉。
It was widely used by cytologists to stain chromosomes.它被细胞学家广泛地用来着色染色体。
stain用法例句1、A dark red stain was spreading across his shirt.一块深红色的污渍正在他的衬衫上渗开。
2、I hope it doesn't stain the carpet.希望它别把地毯弄脏。
3、She couldn't rub off the blood stain on her blouse.她没法将上衣的血渍擦掉.英文天天写:Stain话题:Writing: imagine a scenario or express your opinionStainA stain is a mark left behind. What object was being staining? Was it an accident or was it done on purpose? What color was the stain?This week's topic: The stain stood out on the white background... (90-110 words)Suggestions:1) staining the gel after the gel electrophoresis process in DNA profiling2) colorful tie dye t-shirts3) hair highlight4) food stain on a shirt just before an interview5) Instead of writing a scenario, feel free to comment on the story below. What will happen next?范例1:On his normally expressionless face, his eyes widened a bit when he recognized both the company name as well as the name of the key card owner. The company was where his partner was working as a “janitor,” and the n ame was on the piece of paper his partner gave him. How interesting... he thought as he got closer to the seated man who was busy going through his pages in the hopes of the pages not being stained by the spilled liquid. Al stood behind him, but the man did not realize his presence nor his scanning of the document as he shuffled through the pages.词汇精选:stain的用法和辨析一、详细释义:n.污点;瑕疵;着色剂 [C]例句:Remove stains by soaking in a mild solution of bleach.用温和的漂白溶液浸泡以去除污渍。
stain的用法总结大全1. stain as a verb:- to stain something: 染色/污染Example: She accidentally stained her shirt with red wine.- to be stained with something: 被染上了…Example: The tablecloth was stained with coffee.- to stain someone's reputation: 损害某人的声誉Example: The scandal stained the politician's reputation.- to stain glass: 着色玻璃Example: The artist used various pigments to stain the glass windows.2. stain as a noun:- a stain on something: 污渍,污点Example: There was a stain on the carpet.- a stain on someone's reputation: 玷污某人的声誉Example: The rumors were a stain on his reputation.- bloodstains: 血痕Example: The detective found bloodstains at the crime scene.3. stained as an adjective:- stained glass: 彩色玻璃Example: The church had beautiful stained glass windows.- stained wood: 有染料的木材Example: The cabinet is made of dark stained wood.4. stain remover: 去污剂Example: This stain remover can remove tough stains.5. coffee stain: 咖啡渍Example: There was a coffee stain on the paper.6. wine stain: 酒渍Example: The wine stain was difficult to remove.7. ink stain: 墨渍Example: She accidentally spilled ink on her shirt and left an ink stain.8. oil stain: 油渍Example: The mechanic used a degreaser to remove the oil stain from the driveway.9. grass stain: 草渍Example: He fell while playing soccer and got grass stains on his jeans.10. rust stains: 锈渍Example: The old metal pipe had rust stains on it.注意:以上为stain的常见用法总结,具体用法还取决于上下文语境。
stain用法
1. stain作为名词时,指的是污渍、染色、斑点等,并且常常与物体表面的污渍或颜色有关联。
例句:
- There is a stain on my shirt, I need to wash it.
(我的衬衫上有一个污渍,我需要洗一下。
)
- The red wine stain on the carpet is very difficult to remove. (地毯上的红酒污渍很难清除。
)
2. stain作为动词时,表示染色、沾污、玷污等意思。
例句:
- The red wine stained her white dress.
(红酒染污了她的白色裙子。
)
- Be careful not to stain the carpet with mud.
(小心别用泥巴弄脏地毯。
)
3. stain还可以引申为“玷污、败坏”某人或某事物的形象。
例句:
- His criminal record has stained his reputation.
(他的犯罪记录玷污了他的声誉。
)
- The scandal stained the company's brand image.
(这个丑闻玷污了公司的品牌形象。
)。
家具英语知识点总结大全家具是家居装饰的重要组成部分,不仅能提供实用功能,还可以体现个人品味和生活方式。
在家具领域,了解一些基本的英语知识点是非常重要的,无论是在国内还是出国,都能对购买家具、交流和学习有很大帮助。
以下是关于家具英语知识点的总结,希望对大家有所帮助。
一、家具种类1. 常见家具种类- Bed(床)- Sofa(沙发)- Chair(椅子)- Table(桌子)- Desk(写字台)- Wardrobe(衣柜)- Bookcase(书柜)- Cabinet(橱柜)2. 家具细分类- Dining Table(餐桌)- Coffee Table(茶几)- Dressing Table(梳妆台)- Sideboard(餐具柜)- Ottoman(脚踏凳)- Armchair(扶手椅)- Rocking Chair(摇椅)- Recliner(躺椅)二、家具材质1. 木质家具- Wood(木材)- Oak(橡木)- Pine(松木)- Maple(枫木)- Cherry(樱桃木)- Mahogany(红木)- Teak(柚木)2. 金属家具- Metal(金属)- Iron(铁)- Steel(钢)- Aluminum(铝)- Brass(黄铜)- Copper(铜)- Stainless Steel(不锈钢)3. 布艺家具- Fabric(布料)- Cotton(棉布)- Linen(亚麻布)- Silk(丝绸)- Velvet(天鹅绒)- Leather(皮革)- Suede(绒面革)三、家具功能1. 储物家具- Wardrobe(衣柜)- Drawer(抽屉)- Bookcase(书柜)- Cabinet(橱柜)- Sideboard(餐具柜)- Shelf(架子)2. 休息家具- Bed(床)- Sofa(沙发)- Armchair(扶手椅)- Recliner(躺椅)- Ottoman(脚踏凳)- Rocking Chair(摇椅)3. 用餐家具- Dining Table(餐桌)- Chair(椅子)- Dining Bench(餐椅长凳)- Breakfast Nook(早餐角)四、家具尺寸1. 尺寸单位- Inch(英寸)- Foot(英尺)- Centimeter(厘米)- Meter(米)2. 常用尺寸- Width(宽度)- Height(高度)- Depth(深度)3. 尺寸描述- Small(小)- Medium(中等)- Large(大)- Queen Size(大号)- King Size(特大号)五、家具购买1. 购买场所- Furniture Store(家具商店)- Online Store(网上商店)- Second-hand Store(二手店)2. 购买注意事项- Quality(质量)- Style(款式)- Price(价格)- Warranty(保修期)- Delivery(送货)- Assembly(组装)六、家具保养1. 木质家具保养- Cleaning(清洁)- Moisture Control(控制湿度)- Protection from Sunlight(防晒)2. 布艺家具保养- Vacuuming(吸尘)- Stain Removal(去污)- Flipping Cushions(翻转坐垫)- Professional Cleaning(专业清洁)3. 金属家具保养- Cleaning(清洁)- Rust Prevention(防锈)- Polish(打磨)- Scratch Repair(划痕修复)七、家具搬运1. 准备工具- Moving Truck(搬运卡车)- Dolly(手推车)- Moving Straps(搬运带)- Moving Blankets(搬运毯)- Gloves(手套)- Screwdriver(螺丝刀)2. 搬运注意事项- Weight Distribution(重量分布)- Doorway Clearance(门道宽度)- Protective Covers(保护罩)- Lifting Techniques(提升技巧)以上是关于家具英语知识点的总结,希望对大家有所帮助。
第一单元:1. odd 临时的、不固定的(1) He did odd jobs around the house during his holiday.(2) The boy doing enough odd jobs to stay in grass and food(3)She kept herself alive working at odd jobs until she landed a position managing advertising accounts for a local magazine.2. Natural:非常适合或肯定成功的人(事物)(1) People think I am a natural for the sort of television work required of me, but I have had work at it.(2) She's a natural for the role of Snow Wheingite.(3)She didn't have to learn how to run: she's a natural.3. Board:寄宿,寄膳,为.....提供膳宿(动词)(1) The boy once said ,”My father and I only board here”.(2)During my stay in England I boarded with a family in Bath until I found a place of my own.(3) He boarded at my house/with me until he found a flat4. Workaholic:工作狂(名词)(1)Phil’s wife feels bitter about him being an utter workaholic–he cares about noting but his work.5. Replacement:替换的人或物(名词)(1)They asked Barbara, who was about to resign, to stay on until theycould find a suitable replacement for her.(2)The company president had begun to make inquiries about hisreplacement.6. straighten out:向-讲清楚,把-弄清楚,整顿,清理、处理、解决(1)His business affairs are in a terrible mess, they’ll take ages to straighten out.(2)She would need him to straighten out the finances-the stock points and all that.(3)We have several financial problems that need to be straightened out right away.7. look…in the eye:坦然地正视某人(1)Since he broke the neighbour’s windows, the boy can’t look his father in the eye.(2)The widow didn’t look him in the eye.8. ask around:四处打听(1)Our babysitter’s just moved away, so we are asking around for a replacement.(2)He asked around:”who’s been working the hardest.”9. and all that:诸如此类(1)Being a shopaholic, she went around a lot searching for fancy dresses, luxury accessories, and all that.(2)She would need him to straighten out the finances-the stock points and all that.(3)When you go away for the holiday, be sure to turn off the gas, the water, the electricity and all that.(4)They were forced to sell their house, clothes and all that.(5)Coffee, tea and all that will be served in the garden............................................................................................................................................................... 第二单元:1.stain :玷污,污染,留下难以清除的痕迹(v)(1)He hoped the blood from the cut on his arm would not stain his whiteshirt which was prepared for his interview.(2)Poverty is getting up every morning from a dirt- and illness-stainedmattress.(3)Tomato sauce stains terribly - it's really difficult to get it out ofclothes.(4)While she was changing the wheel on her car, her coat had becomestained with oil.2.spoil :变质,变坏(vi)(1)This is a smell of urine, sour milk, and spoiling food sometimes joinedwith the strong smell of long-cooked onions.(2)The milk has spoilt3.sore :痛的,疼痛的,肌肉酸痛的(形容词)(1) After days of hard work without rest, the corners of her mouthbecame cracked and sore.(2) I have to decide every day if I can bear to put my cracked sore hands into the cold water and strong soap.(3)All the dust has made my eyes sore.(4)I've got a sore throat.(5)My feet were sore with all the walking4. devour :吞食狼吞虎咽的吃光(动词)(1) The boys devoured their pancakes.(2) The young cubs hungrily devoured the deer that the lion had killed.(3) In summer, poverty is watching gnats and flies devour your baby’s tears when he cries.(4) After the exhausting tennis match Wendell devoured the sandwiches in seconds, the licked his fingers greedily.5.spill :溢出,流出(v)(1)I spilt coffee on my silk shirt(2)Let's see if I can pour the juice into the glass without spilling it.(3)Crowds of football fans spilled onto the field at the end of the game.(4) After spilling the whole shame of your poverty all over the desk between you, you find that this is n’t the right office after all.6. turn to :求助于,求教于(1)Don't hesitate to turn to us if you are in difficulty.(2)I tried to stand on my own two feet rather than turned to my parents.(3)They turn to the religion for consolation.(4) They will turn to other boys who steal to get what they want.e off :脱落(1) The label had come off so there was no way of knowing what was on disk.(2) When the dried diaper came off, bits of my baby’s flesh came with it.(3) A button on your coat has come off.8. wear away :磨灭磨损,磨掉(1) Feeling physically weak or out of shape usually wears away/eats away your sense of personal competence.(2)The steps had been worn away by the feet of thousands of tourists.(3)Constant dripping wears away a stone.(4)Poverty is an acid that drips on pride until all pride is worn away.9. put oneself in sb.’s shoes :站在别人的立场上(1)Supposing you put yourself in his shoes, would you have behaved differently in the circumstances?10. wear out :穿破(1) Horses used for long-distance riding tend to wear their shoes out more quickly.(2) Put yourself in my dirty, worn out, ill-fitting shoes, and hear me. 11. eat away :侵蚀,消耗,逐渐毁掉(1)There is no denying that rapid population growth itself eats away at the development potential of a country.(2)The acid in the rain slowly ate away the iron gate.(3)Gambling was eating away his savings.(4)She has Alzheimer’s disease, which is eating away her mind.12. at best:在最好的情况下(1)All the staff opposed the technique- it is ineffective at best and at worst dangerous.(2)At best, there is for her a life like mine.第三单元1.preach:布道,讲道(动词)(1)Every night for weeks there had been much preaching, singing,praying, and shouting, and some very hardened sinners.(2)She preached to the congregation about forgiveness.(3)He devoted his life to preaching the word of God2.hardened:变硬的,坚定的,坚定、变硬(1)The metal in the mould hardened into shape.(2)Attitudes to the territory disputes have hardened on both sides.3.escort:护送、护卫(动词)(1)Having finished their inspection, the officers were escorted by armedguards to waiting helicopter.(2)Several little boats escorted the sailing ship into the harbor.(3)The police escorted her to the airport, and made sure that she left thecountry.(4)That night I was escorted to the front of row and placed on themourner’s bench with the other young sinners.4.swirl:旋转,打旋,旋动(动词)(1)He lost his footing on the bridge, fell into the water and was swirledaway by the current.(2)She smiled, swirling the wine in her glass.(3) Swirl a little oil around the frying pan.(4)The river had become a swirling torrent.(5)He breathes out a swirl of cigarette smoke.(6)Sundae swirl ice cream(7)My aunt came and knelt at my knees and cried, while prayers andsongs swirled all around me in the little church.5.wail:号啕声(名词)(1)The women gathered around the coffin in a mighty wail, as was thecustom in the region.(2)The child wailed as he cut his finger.(3) The breath went out of her in a wail, her body shook with violentsobbing.(4) I heard the wail of a police siren.(5)The whole congregation prayed for me alone, in a mighty wail ofmoans and voices.6.grin:露齿而笑; 咧着嘴笑; 龇着牙笑(动词)(1)On hearing the news, he appeared serious for a moment and thenbegan to grin and finally laughed out loud.(2)He grinned at me, as if sharing a secret joke.(3)He was grinning like an idiot.(4)He came into the room with a friendly grin on his face.7.deceive:欺骗, 蒙蔽(动词)(1)I was deceived by his uniform-I really thought he was a police officer.(2)That I had deceived everybody in the church.(3)His friendly manner deceived us.(4)He tried to deceive the public into thinking the war could still be won.(5)I was deceived into thinking that he was trustworthy.8.rejoice:庆祝,欢庆(rejoicing名词)(1)There was much rejoicing when the two miners were rescued afterbeing trapped in relics for 19 days.(2) There was much rejoicing at/over the good news(3)Waves of rejoicing swept the Place.(4)Everyone rejoiced at/over the news of his safe return.(5) She rejoiced in her good fortune.(6) I rejoiced to see that she had made such a quick recovery.(7) They rejoiced that the civil war was over.9.punctuate:不时打断(动词)(常于with连用,一般用被动语态)(1)As she was preparing dinner in the kitchen, Carol heard their intimiateconversation punctuated every now and then by bursts of laughter.(2)He punctuated his remarks with pounding on the table.(3)The announcement was punctuated by cheers from the crowd.(4)When things quieted down, in a hushed silence, punctuated by a fewecstatic ”Amens”.10.h old up:推迟,耽搁(常用被动语态)(1)The peace talks between the two countries have been held up bycontinued fighting on the border.(2)Sorry I'm late - I was held up at work.(3)Continuing violence could hold up progress towards reform.(4)I began to be ashamed of myself, holding everything up so long. 11.b y leaps and bounds:非常迅速的,突飞猛进的。
的用法和短语例句stain有弄脏;玷污;着色等意思,那么你知道stain的用法吗?下面是店铺为大家整理的stain的用法和相关短语例句,欢迎大家学习!stain的用法:stain的用法1:stain用作名词意思是“染色剂”,转化为动词则表示“给…染色”“弄脏”,引申可表示“玷污某人的名声”。
stain的用法2:stain可用作不及物动词,也可用作及物动词。
用作及物动词时,接名词作宾语。
还可接以表示颜色的形容词充当补足语的复合宾语。
可用于被动结构。
stain的用法3:stain用作及物动词时,主动形式常含有被动意义。
stain的用法4:stain还可用作名词,意为“污点,污迹”。
例如:His overalls were covered with paint stains.他的工作服上沾满了油漆污渍。
stain的常用短语:用作动词 (v.)stain with (v.+prep.)1、用…染色,弄脏2、玷污stain的用法例句:1. A dark red stain was spreading across his shirt.一块深红色的污渍正在他的衬衫上渗开。
2. I hope it doesn't stain the carpet.希望它别把地毯弄脏。
3. She couldn't rub off the blood stain on her blouse.她没法将上衣的血渍擦掉.4. It will remain an indelible stain on his memory.这将成为他记忆中一个不可磨灭的污点.5. The damp rising from the ground caused the walls to stain badly.地面上升起的湿气使墙壁的颜色变得很难看.6. White clothes stain quickly.白色衣服会很快弄脏.7. Stain the table before you varnish it.先给桌子着色,然后才能上清漆.8. She scrubbed the stain on the floor.她把地板上的污迹擦掉了.9. If the stain still doesn't shift, try this.如果污渍还没有清除掉, 试试这个吧.10. Does this material stain easily?这种料子容易染色吗 ?11. This ink stain won't rub out.这墨水渍擦不掉.12. White clothes stain easily.白衣服容易弄脏.13. The stain will have to be sanded out.这斑点必须用砂纸磨掉.14. You can stain the wood with this special liquid to give ita pleasing color.你可以用这特制的液体染这块木料,使之看起来赏心悦目.15. Some foods can stain the teeth, as of course can smoking.某些食物会在牙齿上留下污渍,吸烟当然也会。
stain的用法总结大全
想知道stain的用法吗?今天给大家带来了stain的用法,希望能够帮助到大家,下面就和大家分享,来欣赏一下吧。
stain的用法总结大全
stain的意思
vi. 弄脏,污染,被玷污
vt. 玷污,染污,败坏(名声),给…染色
n. 污点,瑕疵,着色剂,色斑
变形:过去式: stained; 现在分词:staining; 过去分词:stained;
stain用法
stain可以用作动词
stain用作名词意思是“染色剂”,转化为动词则表示“给…染色”“弄脏”,引申可表示“玷污某人的名声”。
stain可用作不及物动词,也可用作及物动词。
用作及物动词时,接名词作宾语。
还可接以表示颜色的形容词充当补足语的复合宾语。
可用于被动结构。
stain用作及物动词时,主动形式常含有被动意义。
stain用作动词的用法例句
These carpets wont stain easily.这些地毯不易弄脏。
He stained the family honor.他玷污了家族的荣誉。
It was widely used by cytologists to stain chromosomes.它被细胞学家广泛地用来着色染色体。
stain用法例句
1、A dark red stain was spreading across his shirt.
一块深红色的污渍正在他的衬衫上渗开。
2、I hope it doesnt stain the carpet.
希望它别把地毯弄脏。
3、She couldnt rub off the blood stain on her blouse.
她没法将上衣的血渍擦掉.
英文天天写:Stain
话题:
Writing: imagine a scenario or express your opinion
Stain
A stain is a mark left behind. What object was being staining? Was it an accident or was it done on purpose? What color was the stain?
This weeks topic: The stain stood out on the white background... (90-110 words)
Suggestions:
1) staining the gel after the gel electrophoresis process in DNA profiling
2) colorful tie dye t-shirts
3) hair highlight
4) food stain on a shirt just before an interview
5) Instead of writing a scenario, feel free to comment on the story below. What will happen next?
范例1:
On his normally expressionless face, his eyes widened a bit when he recognized both the company name as well as the name of the key card owner. The company was where his partner was working as a “janitor,” and the name was on the piece of paper his partner gave him. How interesting... he thought as he got closer to
the seated man who was busy going through his pages in the hopes of the pages not being stained by the spilled liquid. Al stood behind him, but the man did not realize his presence nor his scanning of the document as he shuffled through the pages.
词汇精选:stain的用法和辨析
一、详细释义:
n.
污点;瑕疵;着色剂[C]
例句:
Remove stains by soaking in a mild solution of bleach.
用温和的漂白溶液浸泡以去除污渍。
例句:
There was a stain of ink left on the desk.
桌上留有墨水的污点。
v.
污染;被玷污;被污染[I]
例句:
These carpets wont stain easily.
这些地毯不易弄脏。
例句:
You have stained your tie with coffee.
你的领带被咖啡弄脏了。
玷污,败坏(名声);给···着色[T]
例句:
Blood stained the blanket.
血沾污了毯子。
例句:
His crimes stained the family honor.
他的罪行玷污了家庭的名誉。
二、词义辨析:
colour,dye,paint,stain
这些动词均有“着色,染”之意。
colour普通用词,含义笼统。
可指人工的着色,也可指天然的着色。
dye多指使用染料改变物体的颜色,如染织品或头发等。
paint指为装饰等目的而把油
漆或涂料等物涂于物体表面。
stain多指用化学或其它方法使物体着色。
三、相关短语:
oil stain
油斑,油着色剂,油渍
port-wine stain
葡萄酒色痣,焰色痣
四、参考例句:
This stain is really stubborn.
这污垢去不掉。
That stain on your shirt
衬衫上的污渍?
By morning, the stain should be gone.
到了第二天早上,油渍就会不见了。
These carpets wont stain easily.
这些地毯不易弄脏。
Such a man is a stain to humanity.
这种人是人类的耻辱。
A dark red stain was spreading across his shirt. 一块深红色的污渍正在他的衬衫上渗开。
The stain on his shirt is difficult to clean off.
他衬衣上的污点很难去除掉。
If the stain still doesnt shift, try this.
如果污渍还没有清除掉,试试这个吧。
It can be a stain on ones life.
它会是人生中的一个污点。
There was a stain of ink left on the desk.
桌上留有墨水的污点。
stain的用法总结大全。