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Goods Move. People Move. Ideas Move. And Cultures Change.Part I (Paras. 1 – 3)“Globalization”:● not something completely new (1); ● not a choice but a reality (2); ●the basic dynamic remaining the same with the difference only in the speed and scope of changes (3).Part II (Paras. 4 – 6)Different views on globalization: ●some believing this to be “cultural assault” that will lead to one big “McWorld” (4), ●some rejecting it and attacking what they call “blind worship of things foreign” (5), ●and others holding a positive attitude by emphasizing the benefits it has brought about to less developed parts of the world like China (6).Part III (Paras. 7 – 9)Three discoveries by the author: ●westernization not a straight road to hell or to paradise either (7); ●cultures as resourceful, resilient and unpredictable as the people who compose them (8); ●teenagers as one of the powerful engines of merging global cultures (9).Part IV (Paras. 10 – 19)Examples of fusion, or merging different cultures: ●the author’s experience with Amanda Freeman, a “cool hunter”, as a perfect example of young people engaging in merging global cultures (10 – 13); ●Tom Sloper and his unique online mahjong program to illustrate that fusion is the trend (14 – 19).Part V (Para. 20 – 28)Effects of globalization (or cultural fusion) in China: ●dramatic changes and improvements in people’s life for the past two decades as a result of economic reforms and opening to the West (20); ●cultural trends in Shanghai as exemplified by the booming business of GM (21);●fast-changing physical appearance of the city and general acceptance of Western lifestyle(22); ●improved living standards giving people more and better choices in daily life (23); ●“cultural dislocation” generally accepted with a tolerant attitude (24); ●what underlies such acceptance and tolerance: a great leap forward at the level of ideas (25); ● the author’s experience at Shanghai Theatre Academy as a further example to show the change at the level of ideas, something totally unthinkable in China a generation ago (26 – 28).Part VI (Paras. 29 – 34)Toffler’s view on conflict, change and world order: ●Alvin Toffler and his recent book TheThird Wave in which he developed some interesting ideas (29); ● Toffler’s idea of “wave conflicts” between cultures, or conflicts within countries making a transition from one to the other (30); ●Toffler’s idea of “waves”, which to him are major changes in civilization, and his explanation of the three waves (31); ● Toffler’s idea of the effects of the third wave, which is bringing about a entirely new world order, a trisection of order, in which different cultures coexist and collide (32 – 34).Part VII (Para. 35)Linking — what the spread of global culture essentially means, as goods move, people move, and ideas move.Part VIII (Para. 36)Change — not a choice but a reality, not for cultures to become something uniform but for compatibility and mutual understanding by transforming each other.Part IX (Paras. 37 – 39)One other example in Shanghai to illustrate the transformation and compatibility of cultures.Part X (Para. 40)Conclusion: globalization as an inevitable trend of our times is not merging or fusion but linking, which is a natural human desire.。
Goods Move. People Move. Ideas Move. And CulturesChange.商品流通、人员流动、观念转变、文化变迁埃拉·兹温格尔1. Today we are in the throes of a worldwide reformation of cultures, a tectonic shift of habits and dreams called, in the curious vocabulary of social scientists, "globalization."今天我们正经历着一种世界范围文化巨变的阵痛，一种习俗与追求的结构性变化,用社会学家奇特的词汇来称呼这种变化，就叫“全球化”。
It's an inexact term for a wild assortment of changes in politics, business, health, entertainment.对于政治、商贸、保健及娱乐领域的巨大变化，这个词并不贴切。
"Modern industry has established the world market.“现代工业已建立了世界市场。
All old-established national industries are dislodged by new industries whose products are consumed, not only at home, but in every quarter of the globe.已建立的所有旧的国民工业被其产品不仅在国内而且在世界各地范围内销售的新兴工业所取代。
In place of the old wants we find new wants, requiring for their satisfaction the products of distant lands and climes."人们用新的需求取代原有的需求，用外地的产品满足自己的需求。
2011年12月大学英语六级真题Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled The Way to Success by commenting on Abraham Lincoln's famousremark, "Give me six hours to chop down a tree, and I will spend, the firstfour sharpening the axe." You should write at least 150 words but no morethan 200 words.The Way to Success注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer thequestions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the bestanswer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10,complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.Google's Plan for World's Biggest Online Library: Philanthropy Or Act of Piracy?In recent years, teams of workers dispatched by Google have been working hard to make digital copies of books. So far, Google has scanned more than 10 million titles from libraries in America and Europe - including half a million volumes held by the Bodleian in Oxford. The exact method it uses is unclear; the company does not allow outsiders to observe the process.Why is Google undertaking such a venture? Why is it even interested in all those out-of-print library books, most of which have been gathering dust on forgotten shelves for decades? The company claims its motives are essentially public-spirited. Its overall mission, after all, is to " organize the world's information", so it would be odd if that information did not include books.The company likes to present itself as having lofty aspirations. "This really isn't about making money. We are doing this for the good of society." As Santiago de la Mora, head of Google Books for Europe, puts it: "By making it possible to search the millions of books that exist today, we hope to expand the frontiers of human knowledge."Dan Clancy, the chief architect of Google Books, does seem genuine in his conviction that thisis primarily a philanthropic (慈善的) exercise. "Google's core business is search and find, soobviously what helps improve Google's search engine is good for Google," he says. "But we havenever built a spreadsheet (电子数据表) outlining the financial benefits of this, and I have neverhad to justify the amount I am spending to the company's founders."It is easy, talking to Clancy and his colleagues, to be swept along by their missionary passion. But Google's book-scanning project is proving controversial. Several opponents have recently emerged, ranging from rival tech giants such as Microsoft and Amazon to small bodies representing authors and publishers across the world. In broad terms, these opponents have levelled two sets of criticisms at Google.First, they have questioned whether the primary responsibility for digitally archiving the world's books should be allowed to fall to a commercial company. In a recent essay in the New YorkReview of Books, Robert Darnton, the head of Harvard University's library, argued that because such books are a common resource – the possession of us all – only public, not-for-profit bodiesshould be given the power to control them.The second related criticism is that Google's scanning of books is actually illegal. This allegation has led to Google becoming mired in (陷入) a legal battle whose scope and complexity makes the Jarndyce and Jarndyce case in Charles Dickens' Bleak House look straightforward.At its centre, however, is one simple issue: that of copyright. The inconvenient fact about most books, to which Google has arguably paid insufficient attention, is that they are protected by copyright. Copyright laws differ from country to country, but in general protection extends for the duration of an author's life and for a substantial period afterwards, thus allowing the author's heirs to benefit. (In Britain and America, thispost-death period is 70 years.) This means, of course, that almost all of the books published in the 20th century are still under copyright – and the last century saw more books published than in all previous centuries combined. Of the roughly 40million books in US libraries, for example, an estimated 32 million are in copyright. Of these, some 27 million are out of print.Outside the US, Google has made sure only to scan books that are out of copyright and thus in the "public domain" (works such as the Bodleian's first editionof Middlemarch, which anyone canread for free on Google Books Search).But, within the US, the company has scanned both in-copyright and out-of-copyright works. Inits defence, Google points out that it displays only small segments of books that are in copyright– arguing that such displays are "fair use". But critics allege that by making electronic copies of these books without first seeking the permission of copyright holders, Google has committed piracy."The key principle of copyright law has always been that works can be copied only once authors have expressly given their permission," says Piers Blofeld, of the Sheil Land literary agency in London. "Google has reversed this – it has simply copied all these works without bothering toask."In 2005, the Authors Guild of America, together with a group of US publishers, launched a class action suit (集团诉讼) against Google that, after more than two years of negotiation, endedwith an announcement last October that Google and the claimants had reached an out-of-courtsettlement. The full details are complicated - the text alone runs to 385 pages– and trying tosummarise it is no easy task. "Part of the problem is that it is basically incomprehensible," saysBlofeld, one of the settlement's most vocal British critics.Broadly, the deal provides a mechanism for Google to compensate authors and publishers whose rights it has breached (including giving them a share of any future revenue it generates fromtheir works). In exchange for this, the rights holders agree not to sue Google in future.This settlement hands Google the power - but only with the agreement of individual rights holders – to exploit its database of out-of-print books. It can include them in subscription deals sold to libraries or sell them individually under a consumer licence. It is these commercial provisions that are proving the settlement's most controversial aspect.Critics point out that, by giving Google the right to commercially exploit its database, thesettlement paves the way for a subtle shift in the company's role from provider of information to seller. "Google's business model has always been to provide information for free, and sell advertising on the basis of the traffic this generates," points out James Grimmelmann, associate professor at New York Law School. Now, he says, because of the settlement's provisions, Google could become a significant force in bookselling.Interest in this aspect of the settlement has focused on "orphan" works, where there is noknown copyright holder – these make up an estimated 5-10% of the books Google has scanned. Under the settlement, when no rights holders come forward and register their interest in a work, commercial control automatically reverts to Google. Google will be able to display up to 20% oforphan works for free, include them in its subscription deals to libraries and sell them to individual buyers under the consumer licence.It is by no means certain that the settlement will be enacted (执行) – it is the subject of afairness hearing in the US courts. But if it is enacted, Google will in effect be off the hook as far as copyright violations in the US are concerned. Many people are seriously concerned by this - and the company is likely to face challenges in other courts around the world.No one knows the precise use Google will make of the intellectual property it has gained byscanning the world's library books, and the truth, as Gleick, an American science writer and member of the Authors Guild, points out, is that the company probably doesn't even know itself. But what is certain is that, in some way or other, Google's entrance into digital bookselling will have a significant impact on the book world in the years to come.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
英文作文发明改变世界The invention of the wheel revolutionized the way people travel and transport goods. It made it much easier for people to move from one place to another, and it also allowed for the development of vehicles and machinery that rely on wheels for movement.The discovery of electricity transformed the world by providing a new source of power for various devices and machines. It led to the invention of light bulbs, electric motors, and countless other technologies that have become essential parts of modern life.The creation of the internet has completely changed the way people communicate and access information. It has connected people from all over the world and made it possible to share ideas and knowledge in ways that were never before possible.The development of antibiotics has saved countlesslives by allowing for the treatment of bacterial infections. It has significantly reduced the mortality rate from diseases that were once deadly, and has allowed for the control and prevention of many infectious diseases.The invention of the printing press allowed for the mass production of books and other written materials, which significantly increased the spread of knowledge and ideas.It played a crucial role in the spread of the Renaissance and the Reformation, and has had a lasting impact on theway information is distributed and consumed.The discovery of the steam engine revolutionized transportation and manufacturing by providing a new sourceof power. It led to the development of steam-powered trains and boats, as well as the use of steam engines in factories and mills, which greatly increased the efficiency of production.The creation of the telephone completely changed theway people communicate over long distances. It made it possible for people to have real-time conversations withothers who were far away, and it laid the foundation for the development of modern telecommunications technology.。
Unit 3Goods Move. People Move. Ideas Move. And Cultures Change.Erla ZwingleStructure of the TextPart I (Paras. 1-3)Globalization is a reality but it is not something completely new. What is new is the speed and scope of change.Part II (Paras. 4-6)This part deals with different views on globalization.Part III (Paras. 7-9)Three points are made in this part:(1)Westernization is not a straight road to hell, or to paradise either.(2)Cultures are as resourceful, resilient, and unpredictable as the people who compose them.(3)Teenagers are one of the powerful engines of merging global cultures.Part IV (Paras. 10-13)This part describes the a uthor’s experience with Amanda Freeman, a “cool hunter.”Part V (Paras. 14-19)In order to prove that the trend is toward fusion, the author uses Tom Sloper and mah-jong as an example.Part VI (Para. 20)This is a transition, using China’s change in the past 20 years as an example.Part VII (Paras. 21-24)This part deals with cultural trends in Shanghai.Part VIII (Paras. 25-28)The author uses her experience at the Shanghai Theatre Academy to illustrate her point that the change is at the level of ideas.Part IX (Paras. 29-34)In this part, the author introduces A lvin Toffler’s view on conflict, change and the world order. Part X (Para. 35)A summing-up of linking---goods move, people move and ideas move.Part XI (Para. 36)Conclusion: The result of linking is change which means transformation of each other.Part XII (Paras. 37-39)The author again uses an example from Shanghai to illustrate the transformation of cultures.Part VIII (Para. 40)Linking in the end means the linking of heart.II. Detailed Analysis of the Text1.Questions on Paragraph 1:●How does the author begin this article? Why does she quote Marx and Engels?The author begins the article with the statement “Today we are in the throes of a worldwide reformation of cultures”which is called globalization. Here the author points out that globalization is a worldwide movement and a movement of reformation of cultures. She does not say, “merging of cultures” but “reformation of cultures,” indicating that the cultures in the world will continue to exist but they will not exist unchanged.●The author then says that globalization is not an exact word to describe the changes. Why?The author quotes Marx and Engels to prove her point. According to polls, Marx and Engels are rated among the most influential figures of the past one thousand years. The author’s intention is two-fold: on the one hand she wants to show that globalization has resulted from the rise of modern industry and world markets; on the other she wants to stress that it is a process and a historical process at that.Editor’s note: The favorable reception in the West of Chinese Kun Qu (昆曲) “Peony Pavilion”(牡丹亭), the popularity of Korean films in China, the uproar over tainted milk powder involving a Chinese-New Zealand joint venture company, the alarm caused internationally by bird flu are all examples of the development of globalization.2. Today we are in the throes of a worldwide reformation of cultures, a tectonic shift of habits and dreams called, in the curious vocabulary of social scientists, “globalization.”(Para. 1)in the throes of: in the act of struggling with (a problem, decision, task, etc.)Translation:今天我们正经历着一种世界范围文化剧变的阵痛,一种习俗与追求的结构性变化,用社会科学家奇特的词汇来称呼这种变化，就叫“全球化”。
goods move people move课文翻译
【原创实用版】
目录
1.课文概述
2.课文主题：货物流动与人口流动的关系
3.课文结构：货物流动的历史发展与人口流动的影响
4.货物流动与人口流动的相互作用
5.结论：货物流动与人口流动的重要性
正文
【课文概述】
本课文的主题是“货物流动与人口流动”，通过阐述货物流动与人口流动的历史发展以及它们之间的相互作用，来探讨这两者之间的关系。
【课文主题：货物流动与人口流动的关系】
货物流动与人口流动是社会发展的两个重要方面，它们之间存在着密切的联系。
货物流动的发展推动了人口流动的加快，而人口流动的加快又促进了货物流动的进一步发展。
【课文结构：货物流动的历史发展与人口流动的影响】
课文首先讲述了货物流动的历史发展。
从古代的马车、船只，到现代的汽车、火车、飞机，货物流动的速度和范围都得到了极大的提升。
这种发展，不仅改变了人们的生活方式，也推动了人口流动的加快。
接下来，课文阐述了人口流动的影响。
随着货物流动的加快，人们不再局限于本地区的生产与消费，而是开始向其他地区，甚至其他国家流动。
这种人口流动，不仅促进了地区之间的经济交流，也推动了全球化的进程。
【货物流动与人口流动的相互作用】
货物流动与人口流动是相互促进，相互影响的。
货物流动的发展推动了人口流动的加快，而人口流动的加快又促进了货物流动的进一步发展。
这种相互作用，推动了社会的快速发展。
【结论：货物流动与人口流动的重要性】
货物流动与人口流动是社会发展的重要组成部分，它们之间的关系密切，相互促进，相互影响。
Lesson ThreeGoods Move．People Move．Ideas Move．And Cultures Change．Erla ZzvinglePart I (Paras．1—3)Para．11．in the throes of：in the act of struggling with(a problem，decision，task，ere．)wild：in a state of disorder，disarrangement，confusion，etc．assortment：variety，miscellaneous group or collectionto dislodge：to drive out，to force from a position or place where lodgedwant：something needed or desired but lacking；need3．Today we are in the throes of．．．‘‘globalization”．今天我们正在应对一种世界范围的文化的相互影响和变化，一种习俗与追求的结构性变化，用社会科学家奇特的词汇来称呼这种变化，就叫“全球化”。
4．In place of the old wants．．．(1)Instead of the traditional needs，we find new needs，demanding goods from distant andfar—off places to meet these felt needs．5．Their statement now describes an ordinary fact of life．Marx and Engels made the prediction 150 years ago．But today it is not a prediction butsomething that happens every day．Paras．27．．．．globalization…is a reality，not a choice．Globalization is not something that you can accept or reject，it is already a matter of lifewhich you will encounter and have to respond to every day．8．Humans have been…ventured afield．(1)caravan a company of travelers，esp．of merchants or pilgrims traveling together for safety，as through a desertto venture：to undertake the risk of，to braveafield：away(from home)(2)People in the world have been making commercial and cultural contacts long before merchants on camelbackstook the risk to travel to places faraway from home．9．wrought：(past participle of work)to produce results or exert an influence 10．Telegraph．．．between individuals and the wider world．(1)Telegraph．．．made the connection between individuals and the outside world closer but at the same time theconnection was more complex，less direct，not so easy to see or detect．(2)电报、电话、收音机和电视把个人和外部世界更紧密地连在一起，这种联系更为复杂、不那么直接也不易察觉。
