最新高一英语阅读理解专题训练大全
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最新高一英语阅读理解专题训练大全议论文体裁概述：议论文是作者对某个问题或某件事情进行分析、评论，表明自己的观点、立场、态度、看法和主张的一种文体。
这类文章或从正面提出某种见解，或是驳斥别人的错误观点，以说服读者同意自己的观点为主要目的。
议论文一般有论点、论据和论证三个要素。
论点是议论文的核心，是文章要表达的主要思想内容；论据是作者所引用的用以证明和支持论点的材料，这些材料可以是名人名言、事实例证，或是统计数据等，只要是对证明论点有利的材料都可以为作者所用；确定了论点和论据材料后，作者还需要将这些论据合理地组织在一起，就是我们所说的论证。
议论文阅读技巧：要想读懂议论文、理解作者的写作意图，关键在于是否能够把握议论文的三要素。
首先，论点是作者对所论述事件的基本看法和立场，找准论点有助于把握文章的整体方向和理解文章主题的深层内涵；理清论据材料的内容能够帮助读者更深层次地理解论点的含义；论据是作者组织、运用论据的手法。
论证方法多种多样，常见的有:1. 归纳法，即从分析个别事例入手，找出事物的共同特点，从而得出结论。
2. 演绎法，即从一般原理出发，对个别事物进行说明、分析后得出结论。
3. 比较对照法，即对所有事实、方面进行对照，找出异同之处，然后加以分析，得出结论。
4. 驳论法，即先列出错误的观点，然后加以逐条批驳，反证自己观点的正确性。
英语议论文在表达上多使用有辩论、推理等含义的连接词和过渡词等的结构，如since, now that(既然)，therefore(因而)，consequently(因此)，accordingly(因此)，hence(因而)，in thatcase(在那种情况下)。
还有些常用句型比如It follows that…(因而……)，If…,we may conclude that…(如果……,我们可以这样下结论……)，It is true that…，but…(诚然……,但是……)，Even if…(即使……)等。
同学们在阅读的时候可以通过寻找关键词语表达来快速搜索需要的信息。
议论文的设题类型及解答：议论文常见的设题方式有：主旨大意题、细节理解题、推理判断题、作者观点态度题等。
主旨大意题主要考察读者对议论文全篇思想内容的理解；细节理解题虽然可以通过直接的查找的方法找出答案，但要注意选项中与文章的细微差别，避免扩大、缩小或误读作者的本意；推理判断题和作者观点态度题的解答一般是建立在对议论文中心立场的基本把握上，在此基础上推断出作者的“言外之意”和未言明的思想内涵。
这些题型的题干表达方式主要有：▲主旨大意题(1) The best title of the passage should be ______.(2) The main idea of the passage is _______.▲细节理解题(1) According to the passage, the author mentions _______.(2) Which of the following does the author NOT discuss?▲推理判断题(1) This passage is particularly written for ______.(2) The author is trying to tell us ______.▲作者观点态度题(1) The author's attitude toward *** is _______.(2) When the author says ***, he really means ______.下面，我们就结合高一年级各个版本教材中的具体篇章，学习如何阅读议论文。
例1：Every year, approximately 1.6 billion tons of soil flows into the Yellow River, China's second longest river. The soil contains materials to keep the natural balance of the area. Over time, a lot of soil has been removed, which has caused serious erosion of the land along the River. In some areas in Shanxi Province, this has destroyed almost all the land, and has forced many local farmers to move to other areas.It is a huge job to control Yellow River erosion. Many people believe this kind of work is best done by government or international organizations. You may agree with this point of view. If so, it is time for you to think again.In fact, it is you who have the most important role to play in stopping Yellow River erosion. Did you know the importance of your 5 yuan? For a start, it can buy you a tree, which will help make soil stay on the land. On land with rich soil, local farmers can grow crops to make a living. With the money they earn from their crops, farmers buy goods or services. This helps to develop local economies.Still puzzled how your 5 yuan can have so much effect? Well, just take a look at the fact below. Since 1997, a tree-planting programme has changed the Jiuchengong Valley in Inner Mongolia into a green homeland. Visitors from all over the world now come to admire this great achievement. What is more, the success of the programme has greatly improved the lives of the local people. Just think, all this started with 5yuan! So when you have 5yuan in your pocket next time, think twice about how to use the money. Remember you can use it to buy a tree and create a green future for our motherland, our people and yourself.(选自北京师范大学出版社《普通高中课程标准实验教科书·英语4》--- Unit 10)◆The passage mainly tells us _______.A. a lot of soil has flowed into the Yellow RiverB. everyone should take action to help make soil stayC. it's the government's work to control Yellow River erosionD. 5 yuan helped Jiuchengong Valley change into a green home land解析：该题目考查同学们对文章主要思想内容的把握，是一道主旨大意题。
从第一段的几个关键词"soil""removed""erosion"可以看出文章的话题是有关黄河水土流失的，但这并非是文章的主要内容。
从第二段"Many people believe this kind of work is best done ... If so, it is time for you to think again."可以看出作者对于防止水土流失提出了个人见解--不仅仅是政府和国际组织的职责，每个人都可以为保持水土尽自己一份力，并且在下文对该观点进行了充足的论证，同时也表明C选项错误。
D选项是作者援引用以论证观点的例证，也非文章主旨。
因此，B项正确。
◆According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true?A. The soil can keep the natural balance.B. Farmers can make a living with 5yuan.C. A lot of work is required to control Yellow River erosion.D. The tree-planting programme is successful in some areas.解析：这是一道细节理解题。
题目问根据文章内容，哪个选项不正确的。
从文章第一段"The soil contains materials to keep the natural balance of the area."可知选项A正确。
选项B来自于第三段。
该段说用5元钱可以买一棵树，这棵树可以帮助保持水土，使得农民能种庄稼维持生计。
而选项B所说的农民用5元钱便可维持生计，则有断章取义之嫌。
C选项来源于第一段首句，D选项来源于最后一段，内蒙古的九成宫村就是成功的范例。
