定语从句2

初中定语从句2一、何时用关系副词when, where, why引导定语从句？when 引导定语从句:先行词是表示时间的名词而且是从句动作发生的时间时，用when引导定语从句。

I’ll never forget the day when (= on which ) I met you.This was the time when ( =at which ) he left for Beijing .We will put off the outing until next week, when(=in which) we won’t be busy.where 引导定语从句:先行词是表示地点的名词或含有地点意义的抽象名词而且是从句动作发生的地点时，用where引导定语从句。

This is the town where (= in which ) I spent my childhood.The table at which she is sitting is a new one.I’ll show you the point where you failed.why引导定语从句:先行词是reason并且从句是表示结果时，用why引导定语从句。

This is the reason why ( = for which ) I didn’t come here.The reason ________________ she gave was not true.特别注意：当定语从句缺主语或宾语才直接用which或that引导定语从句。

The library _______________________ students often study was on fire last night.The library, _______ was built in the 1930s,needs repairing.The library _______________ you visited yesterday was built in 1990.I’ll never forget the day _____________________ we first met in the park.I’ll never forget the time ______________ I spe nt on campus.I’ll never forget the time ______________ was spent with you.二、介词+关系代词应注意的情况1. who、that 不能用与介词之后The man who/whom you spoke to was a scientist. The man to whom you spoke was a scientist. The city that/which she lives in is far away. The city in which she lives is far away.2. 在固定短语中介词不能提前Is this the watch that you are looking for? The old man whom I am looking after is better .三、如何确定介词？把先行词接到从句谓语后面去,看需要什么介词1、看定语从句中动词与介词的搭配He is the man _____ whom I think you can depend.The house ____ which he paid 100,000 yuan is very beautiful.2、看定语从句中形容词与介词的搭配He referred me to some reference books ______ which I am not very familiar.This is the hero _____ whom we are proud.3、根据先行词判断，所用的介词与先行词搭配The school ______ which I study is the No. 11 high school.The rate/speed ______ which wild animals are being destroyed has increased.The age______ which children can go to school is seven.4.根据从句中动词与先行词搭配来选用介词，这时是两者兼顾。

第17课定语从句 2导言互译时注意这一语言差异，对掌握英语很有帮助。

在学习定语从句时，请注意关系代词和关系副词的区别，关系代词在从句中起到的是名词的作用，而关系副词起的是副词或介词短语的作用，即状语的作用。

▲关系副词WHEN-----代替时间WHERE-----代替地点WHY-----代替原因WHEN先行词关系副词在从句中做状语从以上的例句中可以看出，关系副词在从句中代替的是一个介词短语，相当于on the day，做状语。

该句也可以用关系代词来做。

请注意关系代词与关系副词的区别。

●先行词关系代词在从句中做介词on●WHERE●看，那就是我出生的房子。

注：where在从句中充当状语，代替in the house，该句也可以用关系代词来做。

WHY●I know the reason. She is unhappy for the reasontoday.●关系副词why代替从句中for the reason。

此句可以用关系代词做。

●●I know the reason▲as引导定语从句，先行词可以是一个名词，也可以是一个短语或一个句子。

as本身含有“像”的意思，而从句的位置不一定要在先行词之后●know的宾语代替前面整个句子(As you know, the earth moves around the sun.)正像你所知道那样地球围绕太阳运行。

●as-----------Miguel de Cervantes, Spanish novelist正如我的一位祖母说过的那样，这个世界上只有两家人：那就是富人和穷人。

-----西班牙小说家塞万提斯.M.●Money is the sinews（力量） of love, asAs = Money is the sinews-----------George Farquhar, Irish dramatist金钱是爱情的支柱，犹如金钱是战争的支柱一样。

定语从句(1)由关系副词引导的定语从句关系词先行词/ 所指从句成分例句备注关系副词when 时间时间状语I will never forget the day when we metthere.可用on which where 地点地点状语This is the house where I was born. 可用in which why 原因原因状语I can’t imagine the reason why he turneddown my offer.可用for which在定语从句中，如果先行词表示时间、地点、原因，并在从句中作状语，则分别用关系副词when,where,why 或“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句。

1. He has lost the key to the drawer ________ the papers are kept.2. This was a time ________ there were still slaves in the USA.3．This is just the place __________ I am going to pay a visit these years.4. We are going to spend the Spring Festival in Guangzhou，________ live my grandparents and some relatives.5. Do you know the reason ________ he cried?6. We are living in an age many things are done on computers.当先行词同样表示时间、地点、原因，但关系词在定语从句中作主语、宾语时，则用关系代词which或 that 引导定语从句（作宾语时，关系代词常可省略）。

因此要仔细分析关系词在从句中的句法功能，选择正确的关系词。

二定语从句缺成分缺主语，宾语，表语、定语时就使用关系代词；缺状语用关系副词或介词+关系代词。

(一)、定语从句缺主语定语从句缺主语，用与先行词对应的关系代词,人-who；事、物-which；人的、物的-whose 作从句的主语。

特殊情况用that。

（who．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．）was John.．．．answered the questionA. all of whichB. each of whichC. all of themD. each of them（2013）We have launched another man-made satellite, ______ is announced in today’s newspaper.A. thatB. whichC. whoD. what（二）、定语从句中缺宾语或状语1从句的谓语动词是及物动词，用关系代词作从句的宾语—which，whom，that；2从句的谓语动词是不及物动词，用关系副词when、where、why，或in，for+which做状语。

1.Yesterday we went to visit the house ( the great writer used to live).作状语2. built in 1987) stayed up in the earthquake.作宾语3.（we spent together.）作宾语4.(_____ I know) were killed in the earthquake.作宾语5.broke out).作状语6.This is the factory you worked last year.7.This is the factory you visited last year.8.Is this the factory you lived last year?答案：1 Where/in which 2 which/that/-- 3 which/that 4who/whom/that/--5 when/in which 6where/in which 7 which/that/-- 8where/in which真题2010 Can you believe I had to pay 30 dollars for a haircut?You should try the barber’s I go. It’s only 15.A. asB. whichC. where/to whichD. that（三）定语从句中缺定语，用相应的关系代词The doctor advised him to give up smoking, advice he did not follow.哪一个建议他没遵守A.whoB. whoseC. whomD. which 谁的建议他没遵守（2012）I wish to thank Professor Smith, without___help I would never have got this far.B.who B. whoseC. whomD. which（2009）A person ____ e-mail account is full won’t be able to send or receive any e-mails.A. whoB. whomC. whoseD. whoever（四）主句缺先行词1主句缺先行词，从句谓语是及物动词-the one+代词Is this factory you visited last year?2主句缺先行词，从句谓语是不及物动词-the one+副词/介词+代词Is this factory you lived last year?（五）、如定语从句中谓语结构是被动结构，有主语，用关副，无主语，用关代作主语。

定语从句一、基本概念：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。

如：Do you know the man who spoke at the meeting just now?That is the house where he lived ten years ago.注意：（1）定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词；（2）定语从句一般用关系代词或关系副词来引导，关系词放在先行词与定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作从句中的一个成分。

（3）★引导定语从句的关系代词有：that, which, who, whom, whose，as★关系副词有：when, where, why.二、关系词的用法：（一）关系代词的用法：关系代词引导的定语从句, 关系代词引导定语从句时，可作主语、宾语、表语、定语等句子成This is the detective who came from London.The book which／that I am reading is written by Thomas Hardy.The desk whose leg is broken is very old.This is the room that／which Shakespeare was born in.注：在非正式文体中，用于指人的关系代词who whom, that 通常可以省略，但在正式文体中通常用whom, 不可省略；用于指物的关系代词which和that 在非正式文体中也通常省略，但在正式文体中一般不省略。

1．★作定语用whose =the+ n+ of of which=of which the + n(a) He is the man whose car was stolen last week.(b) It was a meeting whose importance I did not realize at that time.注意：“介词+ whose +名词”引导定语从句。

二定语从句缺成分缺主语，宾语，表语、定语时就使用关系代词；缺状语用关系副词或介词+关系代词。

(一)、定语从句缺主语定语从句缺主语，用与先行词对应的关系代词,人-who；事、物-which；人的、物的-whose 作从句的主语。

特殊情况用that。

（who．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．）was John.．．．answered the questionA. all of whichB. each of whichC. all of themD. each of them（2013）We have launched another man-made satellite, ______ is announced in today’s newspaper.A. thatB. whichC. whoD. what（二）、定语从句中缺宾语或状语1从句的谓语动词是及物动词，用关系代词作从句的宾语—which，whom，that；2从句的谓语动词是不及物动词，用关系副词when、where、why，或in，for+which做状语。

1.Yesterday we went to visit the house ( the great writer used to live).作状语2. built in 1987) stayed up in the earthquake.作宾语3.（we spent together.）作宾语4.(_____ I know) were killed in the earthquake.作宾语5.broke out).作状语6.This is the factory you worked last year.7.This is the factory you visited last year.8.Is this the factory you lived last year?答案：1 Where/in which 2 which/that/-- 3 which/that 4who/whom/that/--5 when/in which 6where/in which 7 which/that/-- 8where/in which真题2010 Can you believe I had to pay 30 dollars for a haircut?You should try the barber’s I go. It’s only 15.A. asB. whichC. where/to whichD. that（三）定语从句中缺定语，用相应的关系代词The doctor advised him to give up smoking, advice he did not follow.哪一个建议他没遵守A.whoB. whoseC. whomD. which 谁的建议他没遵守（2012）I wish to thank Professor Smith, without___help I would never have got this far.B.who B. whoseC. whomD. which（2009）A person ____ e-mail account is full won’t be able to send or receive any e-mails.A. whoB. whomC. whoseD. whoever（四）主句缺先行词1主句缺先行词，从句谓语是及物动词-the one+代词Is this factory you visited last year?2主句缺先行词，从句谓语是不及物动词-the one+副词/介词+代词Is this factory you lived last year?（五）、如定语从句中谓语结构是被动结构，有主语，用关副，无主语，用关代作主语。

定语从句非限定性定语从句非限定性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明，通常是引导词和先行词之间用逗隔开，将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立1. which 引导的非限定性定语从句来说明前面整个句子的情况或主句的某一部分2. 当先行词被专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的。

如：Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year.查理·史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。

My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden.我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。

This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching.这本小说很动人，我已经读了三遍。

3. 非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。

如：He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me.他似乎没抓住我的意思，这使我心烦。

Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation.液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。

4. 有时as 也可用作关系代词如：You can take as many as you need.你可以根据需要尽量拿。

Let’s meet at the same place as we did yesterday.咱们在昨天见面的同一地方见面吧。

热身练习一、单项选择。

1. Is that the reason _____ you are in favor of the proposal?A. whichB. whatC. whyD. for that语法考点 本讲内容第七讲定语从句（二）2. He has two sons, _____ work as chemists.A. two of whomB. both of whomC. both of whichD. all of whom3. The buses, _____ were already full, were surrounded by an angry crowd.A. most of thatB. which mostC. most of whichD. that most4. My glasses, _____ I was like a blind man, fell to the ground and broke.A. whichB. with whichC. without whichD. that5. I will hire the man _____ they say is a good English speaker.A. whoB. thatC. whichD. whomKey: CBCCA二、选用适当的关系词填空。

常用句型之二定语从句定语从句是英语中用来修饰名词或代词的句子，常用句型之二。

它通过添加从句来增加句子的信息量和复杂性，使句子更加丰富多样。

在使用定语从句时，我们需要注意一些语法规则和常用表达方式。

以下是一些常用的定语从句句型以及示例说明。

1. 关系代词引导的定语从句(1) 关系代词“that”在定语从句中作宾语时：- The book that I bought yesterday is very interesting.昨天我买的那本书很有趣。

(2) 关系代词“which”在定语从句中作宾语时：- The car, which is parked outside, is mine.停在外面的那辆车是我的。

(3) 关系代词“who”在定语从句中作主语时：- The girl who is singing is my sister.正在唱歌的那个女孩是我的妹妹。

2. 关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，需使用介词+which的形式：- The room in which he lives is very small.他住的房间很小。

3. 关系副词引导的定语从句(1) “when”用于修饰表示时间的名词：- The day when we met was sunny.我们见面的那一天是晴天。

(2) “where”用于修饰表示地点的名词：- The school where I study is far from my home.我上学的学校离家很远。

(3) “why”用于修饰表示原因的名词：- The reason why he was late is that he missed the bus.他迟到的原因是他错过了公交车。

4. 非限制性定语从句使用逗号隔开，用于对前面名词或代词进行补充说明，不会对主句产生影响：- My brother, who is a doctor, is coming to visit me.我的哥哥，他是个医生，要来看我。

【热点语法】英语定语从句（二）山东潍坊刘永科五、非限制性定语从句根据定语从句与先行词之间关系的紧密程度，我们将定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两种。

上篇文章涉及的内容是限制性定语从句及其有关事项，本文主要讲解非限制性定语从句。

1、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的差别：限制性定语从句用来修饰和限定先行词，与主句的关系非常密切，不用逗号和主句隔开。

它说明先行词的性质、身份、特征等状况；如果去掉，则会影响句子意思的完整。

A doctor is a person who looks after people's health.医生就是负责人们的健康的人。

This is the school where Yao Ming studied.这就是姚明学习过的学校。

I still remember the time when I first traveled by plane.我仍然记得第一次坐飞机旅行的时间。

This is the diamond (which/that) the lady has lost. 这就是那位女士丢失的钻石。

非限制性定语从句与主句的关系不像限制性定语从句那样紧密，只是对先行词作些附加说明，即使去掉，主句的意思依然清楚完整。

它与主句之间通常用逗号分开。

翻译时常常不译作定语，而是单独译成与主句并列的句子。

Last night I saw a very good film, which was about the Second World War.昨晚我看了一部非常好的电影，是关于第二次世界大战的。

My parents live in my hometown, which is about 30 kilometers from here.我的父母住我的家乡，离这里大约30千米。

Millar, who is a distant relative of mine, studies in Yale now. 米拉是我的一位远房亲戚，她现在耶鲁学习。