定语从句2

【3】介词+关系词This is(这是) the house in which I lived two years ago(我两年前住过的房子).。

This is(这是) the house where I lived two years ago(我两年前住过的房子).Do you remember(还记得) the day on which you joined our club(你加入我们俱乐部的那一天吗)? Do you remember(还记得) the day when you joined our club(你加入我们俱乐部的那一天吗)?注意：1).介词后面的关系词不能省略。

2).that前不能有介词。

3).某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的"介词+关系词"结构可以同关系副词when 和where 互换。

【4】关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。

1）关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于"介词+ which"结构,即：when(= at/on/in which), where(=at/on/in which), why(= for which)，因此常常和"介词+ which"结构交替使用。

例如：There are occasions when （= on which） one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。

Beijing is(北京是) the place where（= in which）I was born(我出生的地方).Is this(这就是) the reason why （= for which）he refused our offer(他拒绝我们帮助的理由吗)? 2）that代替关系副词，可以用在表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和"介词+ which"引导的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略。

定语从句2——关系副词引导的定语从句【关系副词引导的定语从句】1. where指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语用来表示地点的定语从句。

(1) Shanghai is the city where I was born.(2) The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.2. when引导定语从句表示时间。

在定语从句中做时间状语也可做连接词用(1) I still remember the day when I first came to the school.(2) The time when we got together finally came.[注]当然也不用that引导。

By the time you arrived in London, we had stayed there for two weeks.I still remember the first time I met her.Each time he goes to business trip出差, he brings a lot of presents for his children.3. why指原因在定语从句中做原因状语(1) Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.(2) I don’t know the reason why he looks unhappy today.注意：关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换(1) The reason why/ for which he refused the invitation is not clear,(2) From the year when/in which he was going to school, he began to know what he wanted when he grewup.This is the reason why he came late.= This is the reason for which he came late.例题（）1. There are lots of things I need to prepare before the trip.A. whoB. thatC. whomD. whose（）2. Jim dislikes people ______talk much but never do anything .A.whoB.whomC.whose（）3.—I hear Sam has gone to Qingdao for his holiday.--Oh, how nice! Do you know when he_______?A.leftB.was leavingC.has leftD.had left（）4. We are trying to help those children _____ lost their parents in Yushu , Qinghai Province.A. whichB. whenC. whoD. whose（）5. Do you know the girl _______is singing in the classroom?A.whoB.whichC.when（）6. Smith hates some persons _______talk too much but do nothing.A.whomB.whenC.whoseD.who（）7. —The volunteers are doing a great job in Yushu.--Yes. They are helping the people ______are suffering from the earthquake.A.whichB.whatC./D.who（）8. Have you found the answer to the question ______I asked you this morning?A.whenB.whatC.that（）9. Friends are those make you smile，always open their hearts to you and encourage you to succeedA whichB whatC whomD who（）10. I began to work in Shanghai in the year _______HongKong was returned to China.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.when（）11. Sorry, we don’t have the coat ______ you need.A. whatB. whoC. whomD. which（）12. This is the novel ______ is written by Guo Jingming.A. whoB. whatC. thatD. /（）13.Henrry likes people ______ can keep their promises and keep others’ secrets.A. whomB. whenC. whoseD. who（）14. The girl _________ i s sitting under the big tree is Lynn’s cousin.A. whoB. whomC. whoseD. which（）15. It’s time to say goodbye to my school. I’ll always remember the people _______ have helped me.A. whoB. whatC. whichD. where练习（）1. — What are you looking for?--I am looking for the book ________ I bought yesterday.A. whoB. whichC. whose（）2. We know Jackie Chan ________ movies are very popular with the young.A. whoseB. thatC. whoD. which（）3. Is this university_______ your elder brother will choose this year?A. the oneB. thatC. where（）4. —Do you know the boy _______ is standing under the tree?--Yes. He’s Peter. He’s new in our class.A. whereB. whatC. whoD. whose（）5. The house ____ we live is not big.A. in thatB. whichC. in whichD. that（）6. Do you know the reason ____ he didn’t come?A. thatB. whichC. forD. why（）7. The room ____ windows face south is his.A. thatB. whichC. whoseD. who’s（）8. The park, ____ we visited yesterday, is very nice.A. whereB. whichC. thatD. when（）9. The park, ____ we met with him, is very nice.A. whereB. whichC. thatD. when（）10. The first time ____ I saw her was in 1989.A. whenB. whichC. thatD. as（）11. Pay attention to all ____ I do.A. whichB. in whichC. whatD. that（）12. I’ve read all the books ____ you gave me.A. whichB. themC. whatD. that（）13. Is there anything ____ I can do for you?A. whatB. whichC. thatD. it（）14. The woman ____ child had fallen ill was a doctor.A. whoB. herC. whoseD. /（）15. The pen ____ I’m using ____ is hers.A. which; itB. that; itC. it; /D. /（）16. The whole world is fighting against the H1N1, a disease ______ has caused many deaths.A. whoB. whichC. whomD. what（）17. Disney is an amusement park _______ you can find Disney movies and characters.A. whichB. whereC. thatD. when（）18. The young lady ________ we met yesterday is our new math teacher.A. whatB. whoseC. whoD. which（）19. The skirt _________ is made of silk is very expensive. I can’t afford it.A. whatB. /C. thatD. it（）20. I like the teacher ________ classes are very interesting and creative.A. whichB. whoC. whatD. whose（）21. Jack, there is someone in the office ______ would like to speak with you.A. whoB. whichC. whom（）22. Shaolin Temple ____ lies in the west of Zhengzhou welcomes the visitors both at home and abroad.A. whereB. whichC. whoD. what（）23. We should give love to the children _______ lost their parents in the earthquake.A. whoB. whomC. thoseD. which（）24. --The duty of Project Hope is to help poor children, isn’t it?--Yes, it has built many schools ________ those children can study happily.A. whereB. whenC. which（）25. --There are many volunteers ________ are helping the children in Sichuan.--And most of them are college students.A. whichB. whenC. whoseD. who典型例题1选B 2选A 3选A 4选C 5选A 6选D 7选D 8选C 9选D 10选D11选D。

初中定语从句2一、何时用关系副词when, where, why引导定语从句？when 引导定语从句:先行词是表示时间的名词而且是从句动作发生的时间时，用when引导定语从句。

I’ll never forget the day when (= on which ) I met you.This was the time when ( =at which ) he left for Beijing .We will put off the outing until next week, when(=in which) we won’t be busy.where 引导定语从句:先行词是表示地点的名词或含有地点意义的抽象名词而且是从句动作发生的地点时，用where引导定语从句。

This is the town where (= in which ) I spent my childhood.The table at which she is sitting is a new one.I’ll show you the point where you failed.why引导定语从句:先行词是reason并且从句是表示结果时，用why引导定语从句。

This is the reason why ( = for which ) I didn’t come here.The reason ________________ she gave was not true.特别注意：当定语从句缺主语或宾语才直接用which或that引导定语从句。

The library _______________________ students often study was on fire last night.The library, _______ was built in the 1930s,needs repairing.The library _______________ you visited yesterday was built in 1990.I’ll never forget the day _____________________ we first met in the park.I’ll never forget the time ______________ I spe nt on campus.I’ll never forget the time ______________ was spent with you.二、介词+关系代词应注意的情况1. who、that 不能用与介词之后The man who/whom you spoke to was a scientist. The man to whom you spoke was a scientist. The city that/which she lives in is far away. The city in which she lives is far away.2. 在固定短语中介词不能提前Is this the watch that you are looking for? The old man whom I am looking after is better .三、如何确定介词？把先行词接到从句谓语后面去,看需要什么介词1、看定语从句中动词与介词的搭配He is the man _____ whom I think you can depend.The house ____ which he paid 100,000 yuan is very beautiful.2、看定语从句中形容词与介词的搭配He referred me to some reference books ______ which I am not very familiar.This is the hero _____ whom we are proud.3、根据先行词判断，所用的介词与先行词搭配The school ______ which I study is the No. 11 high school.The rate/speed ______ which wild animals are being destroyed has increased.The age______ which children can go to school is seven.4.根据从句中动词与先行词搭配来选用介词，这时是两者兼顾。

定语从句(1)由关系副词引导的定语从句关系词先行词/ 所指从句成分例句备注关系副词when 时间时间状语I will never forget the day when we metthere.可用on which where 地点地点状语This is the house where I was born. 可用in which why 原因原因状语I can’t imagine the reason why he turneddown my offer.可用for which在定语从句中，如果先行词表示时间、地点、原因，并在从句中作状语，则分别用关系副词when,where,why 或“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句。

1. He has lost the key to the drawer ________ the papers are kept.2. This was a time ________ there were still slaves in the USA.3．This is just the place __________ I am going to pay a visit these years.4. We are going to spend the Spring Festival in Guangzhou，________ live my grandparents and some relatives.5. Do you know the reason ________ he cried?6. We are living in an age many things are done on computers.当先行词同样表示时间、地点、原因，但关系词在定语从句中作主语、宾语时，则用关系代词which或 that 引导定语从句（作宾语时，关系代词常可省略）。

因此要仔细分析关系词在从句中的句法功能，选择正确的关系词。

二定语从句缺成分缺主语，宾语，表语、定语时就使用关系代词；缺状语用关系副词或介词+关系代词。

(一)、定语从句缺主语定语从句缺主语，用与先行词对应的关系代词,人-who；事、物-which；人的、物的-whose 作从句的主语。

特殊情况用that。

（who．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．）was John.．．．answered the questionA. all of whichB. each of whichC. all of themD. each of them（2013）We have launched another man-made satellite, ______ is announced in today’s newspaper.A. thatB. whichC. whoD. what（二）、定语从句中缺宾语或状语1从句的谓语动词是及物动词，用关系代词作从句的宾语—which，whom，that；2从句的谓语动词是不及物动词，用关系副词when、where、why，或in，for+which做状语。

1.Yesterday we went to visit the house ( the great writer used to live).作状语2. built in 1987) stayed up in the earthquake.作宾语3.（we spent together.）作宾语4.(_____ I know) were killed in the earthquake.作宾语5.broke out).作状语6.This is the factory you worked last year.7.This is the factory you visited last year.8.Is this the factory you lived last year?答案：1 Where/in which 2 which/that/-- 3 which/that 4who/whom/that/--5 when/in which 6where/in which 7 which/that/-- 8where/in which真题2010 Can you believe I had to pay 30 dollars for a haircut?You should try the barber’s I go. It’s only 15.A. asB. whichC. where/to whichD. that（三）定语从句中缺定语，用相应的关系代词The doctor advised him to give up smoking, advice he did not follow.哪一个建议他没遵守A.whoB. whoseC. whomD. which 谁的建议他没遵守（2012）I wish to thank Professor Smith, without___help I would never have got this far.B.who B. whoseC. whomD. which（2009）A person ____ e-mail account is full won’t be able to send or receive any e-mails.A. whoB. whomC. whoseD. whoever（四）主句缺先行词1主句缺先行词，从句谓语是及物动词-the one+代词Is this factory you visited last year?2主句缺先行词，从句谓语是不及物动词-the one+副词/介词+代词Is this factory you lived last year?（五）、如定语从句中谓语结构是被动结构，有主语，用关副，无主语，用关代作主语。

二定语从句缺成分缺主语，宾语，表语、定语时就使用关系代词；缺状语用关系副词或介词+关系代词。

(一)、定语从句缺主语定语从句缺主语，用与先行词对应的关系代词,人-who；事、物-which；人的、物的-whose 作从句的主语。

特殊情况用that。

（who．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．）was John.．．．answered the questionA. all of whichB. each of whichC. all of themD. each of them（2013）We have launched another man-made satellite, ______ is announced in today’s newspaper.A. thatB. whichC. whoD. what（二）、定语从句中缺宾语或状语1从句的谓语动词是及物动词，用关系代词作从句的宾语—which，whom，that；2从句的谓语动词是不及物动词，用关系副词when、where、why，或in，for+which做状语。

1.Yesterday we went to visit the house ( the great writer used to live).作状语2. built in 1987) stayed up in the earthquake.作宾语3.（we spent together.）作宾语4.(_____ I know) were killed in the earthquake.作宾语5.broke out).作状语6.This is the factory you worked last year.7.This is the factory you visited last year.8.Is this the factory you lived last year?答案：1 Where/in which 2 which/that/-- 3 which/that 4who/whom/that/--5 when/in which 6where/in which 7 which/that/-- 8where/in which真题2010 Can you believe I had to pay 30 dollars for a haircut?You should try the barber’s I go. It’s only 15.A. asB. whichC. where/to whichD. that（三）定语从句中缺定语，用相应的关系代词The doctor advised him to give up smoking, advice he did not follow.哪一个建议他没遵守A.whoB. whoseC. whomD. which 谁的建议他没遵守（2012）I wish to thank Professor Smith, without___help I would never have got this far.B.who B. whoseC. whomD. which（2009）A person ____ e-mail account is full won’t be able to send or receive any e-mails.A. whoB. whomC. whoseD. whoever（四）主句缺先行词1主句缺先行词，从句谓语是及物动词-the one+代词Is this factory you visited last year?2主句缺先行词，从句谓语是不及物动词-the one+副词/介词+代词Is this factory you lived last year?（五）、如定语从句中谓语结构是被动结构，有主语，用关副，无主语，用关代作主语。

定语从句非限定性定语从句非限定性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明，通常是引导词和先行词之间用逗隔开，将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立1. which 引导的非限定性定语从句来说明前面整个句子的情况或主句的某一部分2. 当先行词被专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的。

如：Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year.查理·史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。

My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden.我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。

This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching.这本小说很动人，我已经读了三遍。

3. 非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。

如：He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me.他似乎没抓住我的意思，这使我心烦。

Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation.液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。

4. 有时as 也可用作关系代词如：You can take as many as you need.你可以根据需要尽量拿。

Let’s meet at the same place as we did yesterday.咱们在昨天见面的同一地方见面吧。

热身练习一、单项选择。

1. Is that the reason _____ you are in favor of the proposal?A. whichB. whatC. whyD. for that语法考点 本讲内容第七讲定语从句（二）2. He has two sons, _____ work as chemists.A. two of whomB. both of whomC. both of whichD. all of whom3. The buses, _____ were already full, were surrounded by an angry crowd.A. most of thatB. which mostC. most of whichD. that most4. My glasses, _____ I was like a blind man, fell to the ground and broke.A. whichB. with whichC. without whichD. that5. I will hire the man _____ they say is a good English speaker.A. whoB. thatC. whichD. whomKey: CBCCA二、选用适当的关系词填空。

【热点语法】英语定语从句（二）山东潍坊刘永科五、非限制性定语从句根据定语从句与先行词之间关系的紧密程度，我们将定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两种。

上篇文章涉及的内容是限制性定语从句及其有关事项，本文主要讲解非限制性定语从句。

1、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的差别：限制性定语从句用来修饰和限定先行词，与主句的关系非常密切，不用逗号和主句隔开。

它说明先行词的性质、身份、特征等状况；如果去掉，则会影响句子意思的完整。

A doctor is a person who looks after people's health.医生就是负责人们的健康的人。

This is the school where Yao Ming studied.这就是姚明学习过的学校。

I still remember the time when I first traveled by plane.我仍然记得第一次坐飞机旅行的时间。

This is the diamond (which/that) the lady has lost. 这就是那位女士丢失的钻石。

非限制性定语从句与主句的关系不像限制性定语从句那样紧密，只是对先行词作些附加说明，即使去掉，主句的意思依然清楚完整。

它与主句之间通常用逗号分开。

翻译时常常不译作定语，而是单独译成与主句并列的句子。

Last night I saw a very good film, which was about the Second World War.昨晚我看了一部非常好的电影，是关于第二次世界大战的。

My parents live in my hometown, which is about 30 kilometers from here.我的父母住我的家乡，离这里大约30千米。

Millar, who is a distant relative of mine, studies in Yale now. 米拉是我的一位远房亲戚，她现在耶鲁学习。