AS NZS 8124.2-2016

AS/NZS 3662:2005Australian/New Zealand Standard™澳大利亚/新西兰标准Performance of showers for bathing浴室花洒的性能翻译单位：国家排灌及节水设备产品质量监督检验中心翻译人员：朱双四审核人员：邢献军完成时间：2007.8.8这个由澳大利亚和新西兰联合制定的标准是由WS-032淋浴用品联合技术委员会颁布的。

它经授权于2005年2月16日开始代表澳大利亚标准委员会与2005年2月28日开始代表新西兰标准委员会。

本标准于2005年4 月28日颁布澳大利亚/新西兰标准浴室花洒的性能标准1 范围本标准详细规定了对浴室花洒性能的要求2标准的一致性本标准的要求应与附录A保持一致3 相关文件相关技术标准见以下内容AS/NZS3500 Plumbing and drainage3500.0 Part 0: Glossary of termsATS5200Technical Specification for plumbing and drainage productsDIN EN1113 Showers hoses for (PB 10) sanitary tapware4 定义以下定义适用与本标准。

若本标准没有定义的术语，可根据AS/NZS 3500.0里的定义。

4.1 花洒花洒头是为淋浴时从花洒流出的水能喷出而设计的；它包括一个固定的或有转轴的手柄、一根软管（带或不带流量控制器）、活栓头或其他的零件。

5 性能要求5.1 流量标准的流量是根据附录B的标准决定的，在150Pa（20psi）、250Pa(35psi)、350Pa(50psi)的压力下测量的平均流率，其最大值和最小值之间的最大差异不能超过2.0L/min.。

5.2 平均的喷洒角度根据附录C的标准，平均的喷洒角度应该在00-80之间。

5.3 温差根据附录D的标准，温差不能超过30C5.4 软管软管应根据条款5.4.1到5.4.4 或 DIN EN 1113。

3AS/NZS1252:1996目录第一章范围和概述1.1范围 (4)1.2应用 (4)1.3参考文献 (4)1.4定义 (5)1.5标记 (5)1.6名称 (6)第二章高强度螺栓2.1生产方式 (8)2.1外形，尺寸＆表面处理 (8)2.3材料和机械性能 (9)2.4试验方法 (9)第三章高强度螺母3.1生产方式 (16)3.2外形，尺寸＆表面处理 (16)3.3材料和机械性能 (17)3.4试验方法 (17)第四章圆式平垫圈4.1外形，尺寸和表面处理 (20)4.2材料和热处理 (20)4.3硬度 (20)附录A机械性能试验的建议取样计划 (22)B检验螺栓从螺纹到螺母面垂直度的推荐测量方法 (23)C镀锌螺栓的装配测试 (24)D方斜垫圈 (25)AS/NZS1252:19964澳大利亚标准/新西兰标准建筑用高强度螺栓（装配有螺母＆垫圈的螺栓）第一章范围和概述1.1范围该标准规定了ISO公制粗牙螺纹系列直径16mm---36mm并带有调质钢垫圈的钢结构用螺栓8.8级螺栓和8级螺母的尺寸，材料＆钢印要求。

1.2运用螺栓，螺母和垫圈应符合第一章＆如下章节规定的要求：（a）螺栓…………………………………………………………第一章（b）螺母…………………………………………………………第二章（c）垫圈………………………………………………………….第三章1.3参考文献该标准参考如下文献：AS1014公制螺纹的测量1214带螺纹螺栓的热镀锌锌层（公制粗牙螺纹螺栓ISO标准）1275公制螺纹螺栓1650亚铁物的热镀锌锌层1789钢铁表面的电镀层——锌1815金属材料——洛氏硬度试验1817金属材料——维氏硬度试验1897螺纹部件上的电镀层AS/NZS4291紧固件机械性能4291.1第一部分：螺栓，螺丝和图钉4291.2第二部分：达到规定的试验应力的螺母——粗牙螺纹SAA/SNZHB18第三方鉴定＆委任的指导HB18.22指引22：生产方声称符合标准＆技术规范的信息ISO6157紧固件——表面不连续6157.1第一部分：螺栓，螺丝＆图钉的一般要求SAEJ122a螺母的表面不连续性5AS/NZS1252:1996 1.4定义如下定义适用用该标准。

澳洲儿童家具测试标准
澳洲儿童家具测试标准主要是AS/NZS ISO 8124系列标准，这一系列标准规定了儿童玩具的物理、机械、化学、微生物等方面的要求和测试方法。

具体包括：
1.燃烧测试：针对家具的易燃性进行测试，以确保其符合安全标准。

2.限制元素溶出量测试：对家具中可能存在的有害元素进行溶出量测试，
以保证儿童的健康安全。

这一测试包括铅、砷、锑、钡、镉、铬、汞、硒等元素的溶出量限值。

以上只是澳洲儿童家具测试标准的一个概述，具体标准可能会因产品类型、年龄段等因素而有所不同。

这些标准的设定和执行，为澳洲的儿童家具市场提供了明确的质量和安全保障，有助于保护儿童的健康和安全。

AS/NZS 1660.2.2:1998(Incorporating Amendment No. 1)Australian/New Zealand Standard ™Test methods for electric cables,cords and conductorsMethod 2.2: Insulation, extruded semi-conductive screens and non-metallic sheaths—Methods specific to elastomeric, XLPE and XLPVC materialsAS/NZS 1660.2.2s e d b y U N I V E R S I T Y O F S O U T H A U S T R A L I A o n 02 J u n 2008AS/NZS 1660.2.2:1998This Joint Australian/New Zealand Standard was prepared by Joint Technical Committee EL-003, Electric Wires and Cables. It was approved on behalf of the Council of Standards Australia on 19 December 1997 and on behalf of the Council of Standards New Zealand on 5 December 1997. It was published on 5 March 1998.The following interests are represented on Committee EL-003:Australasian Railway Association Australian Electrical and Electronic Manufacturers Association Department of Defence, Australia Electrical regulatory authorities Electricity Supply Association of Australia Institution of Engineers, Australia Ministry of Commerce, New Zealand New Zealand Electrical Contractors Association New Zealand Electrical and Electronic Manufacturers Federation Office of Energy, N.S.W.Testing interestsKeeping Standards up-to-dateStandards are living documents which reflect progress in science, technology and systems. To maintain their currency, all Standards are periodically reviewed, and new editions are published. Between editions, amendments may be issued.Standards may also be withdrawn. It is important that readers assure themselves they are using a current Standard, which should include any amendments which may have been published since the Standard was purchased.Detailed information about joint Australian/New Zealand Standards can be found by visiting the Standards Australia web site at .au or StandardsNew Zealand web site at and looking up the relevant Standard in the on-line catalogue.Alternatively, both organizations publish an annual printed Catalogue with full details of all current Standards. For more frequent listings or notification of revisions, amendments and withdrawals, Standards Australia and Standards New Zealand offer a number of update options. For information about these services,users should contact their respective national Standards organization.We also welcome suggestions for improvement in our Standards, and especially encourage readers to notify us immediately of any apparent inaccuracies or ambiguities. Please address your comments to the Chief Executive of either Standards Australia International or Standards New Zealand at the address shown on the back cover.This Standard was issued in draft form for comment as DR 97070.s e d b y U N I V E R S I T Y O F S O U T H A U S T R A L I A o n 02 J u n 2008AS/NZS 1660.2.2:1998(Incorporating Amendment No. 1)Australian/New Zealand Standard ™Test methods for electric cables,cords and conductorsMethod 2.2: Insulation, extruded semi-conductive screens and non-metallic sheaths—Methods specific to elastomeric, XLPE and XLPVC materialsOriginated in Australia as part of AS 1660.2—1974.Previous Australian edition AS 1660.2.2—1993.Jointly revised and designated AS/NZS 1660.2.2:1998.Reissued incorporating Amendment No. 1 (July 2001).COPYRIGHT© Standards Australia/Standards New ZealandAll rights are reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or copied in any form or by anys e d b y U N I V E R S I T Y O F S O U T H A U S T R A L I A o n 02 J u n 2008AS/NZS 1660.2.2:19982PREFACEThis Standard was prepared by the Joint Standards Australia/Standards New Zealand Committee EL-003, Electric Wires and Cables, to supersede AS 1660.2.2—1993,Test methods for electric cables, Method 2.2:Insulation, extruded semi-conductive screens and non-metallic sheaths—Methods specific to elastomeric and XLPE compounds . It is one of a set of tests for electric cables included in the AS/NZS 1660 series. Details of the series are given in Appendix A.This Stand ard incorporates Amend ment No. 1 (July 2001). The changes required by the Amendment are indicated in the text by a marginal bar and amendment number against the clause, note, table, figure or part thereof affected.The objective of this Standard is to provide manufacturers and testers with appropriate test methods for elastomeric, XLPE and XLPVC insulation, screens and sheaths of electric cables and cords.This edition of the Standard differs from the 1993 edition as follows:(a)The title has been modified to include reference to XLPVC materials.(b)The indirect method of measuring air flow in ovens has been changed to therequirements of IEC 811-1-2, Common test method s for insulating and sheathing materials of electric cables , Part 1: Methods for general application , Section Two—Thermal ageing methods .(c)The reference to ASTM D 471, Stand ard test method for rubber property—Effect of liquids No. 2 oil has been changed to IRM 902 (Calumet No. 2) oil.(d)This edition is published as a Joint Australian/New Zealand Standard.(e)A compatibility test has been added.In the preparation of the Standard, consideration was given to IEC 811:1985, Common test methods for insulating and sheathing materials of electric cables , Part 2: Methods specific to elastomeric compound s . Acknowledgment is made of the assistance received from this source.The term 'informative' has been used in this Standard to define the application of the appendix to which it applies. An 'informative' appendix is only for information and guidance.s e d b y U N I V E R S I T Y O F S O U T H A U S T R A L I A o n 02 J u n 2008AS/NZS 1660.2.2:19983CONTENTSPageSECTION 1SCOPE AND GENERAL1.1SCOPE (4)1.2REFERENCED DOCUMENTS (4)1.3DEFINITIONS (4)1.4TESTING TEMPERATURE (4)1.5SELECTION OF SPECIMENS...................................................................................4SECTION 2METHODS OF TEST FOR INSULATION, EXTRUDED SEMI-CONDUCTIVE SCREENS AND NON-METALLIC SHEATHS2.1HOT SET TEST (5)2.2THERMAL AGEING (5)2.3MINERAL OIL IMMERSION TEST..........................................................................9APPENDIX A LIST OF METHODS OF TEST IN THE AS/NZS 1660 SERIES 12s e d b y U N I V E R S I T Y O F S O U T H A U S T R A L I A o n 02 J u n 2008AS/NZS 1660.2.2:19984STANDARDS AUSTRALIA/STANDARDS NEW ZEALANDAustralian/New Zealand Standard Test methods for electric cables, cords and conductorsMethod 2.2: Insulation, extruded semi-conductive screensand non-metallic sheaths—Methods specific to elastomeric, XLPE and XLPVC materialsS E C T I O N 1 S C O P E A N D G E N E R A L1.1 SCOPEThis Standard sets out the methods of testing insulation, extruded semi-conductive screens and non-metallic sheaths of elastomeric, XLPE and XLPVC insulated electric cables.NOTE: Refer to individual cable Standards for test results criteria. Details of the AS/NZS series of Standards are given in Appendix A.1.2 REFERENCED DOCUMENTSThe following documents are referred to in this Standard:AS/NZS1660Test methods for electric cables, cords and conductors 1660.2.1M ethod 2.1: Insulation, extruded semi-conductive screens and non-metallic sheaths—Methods for general application ASTMD 471Standard test method for rubber property—Effect of liquids1.3 DEFINITIONSFor the purpose of this Standard, the definitions given in the relevant cable Standard and that below apply.1.3.1 Median value Value obtained from a succession of test results as follows:(a)Even number of results...................average value of the two middle results.(b)Odd number of results....................value of middle result.1.4 TESTING TEMPERATURE Unless otherwise specified, all tests shall be carried out in an ambient temperature of 23±5°C.1.5 SELECTION OF SPECIMENS All specimens used for testing shall be taken at least 300 mm from the end of a factory length of finished cable, flexible cable or flexible cord.s e d b y U N I V E R S I T Y O F S O U T H A U S T R A L I A o n 02 J u n 2008AS/NZS 1660.2.2:19985S E C T I O N 2 M E T H O D S O F T E S T F O RI N S U L A T I O N , E X T R U D E D S E M I -C O N D U C T I V ES C R E E N S A N D N O N -M E T A L L I C S H E A T H S2.1 HOT SET TEST2.1.1 Sampling and preparation of test pieces, and determination of their cross-sectional area2.1.1.1 GeneralTwo test pieces from each core or sheath to be tested, after they have been prepared and their cross-sectional areas measured, as specified in the test methods of AS/NZS 1660.2.1for insulation or for sheath, shall be used for the test. For insulation of cables above 1 kV,the dumb-bells shall be prepared from the inner part of the insulating wall after any ridges or semi-conducting layer, or both, have been removed.2.1.1.2 ApparatusThe test shall be carried out in an oven, as specified in Clause 2.2.1.2, maintained at the temperature specified for the material in the relevant cable Standard. The oven shall be fitted with a viewing window. The requirement of Clause 2.2.1.2 for air changing is not applicable to this Clause (2.1).Grips shall be provided, such that each test piece can be suspended from an upper grip in the oven and weights attached to a lower grip attached to the test piece.2.1.1.3 ProcedureThe test pieces shall be suspended in the oven and weights attached to the bottom jaws to exert a force of the value specified for the material in the relevant cable Standard.After 15 min in the oven at the temperature specified for the material in the relevant cable Standard, the distance between the marker lines shall be measured without opening the oven door and the percentage elongation calculated to the nearest 5 percent.The tensile force shall then be removed from the test piece, e.g. by cutting the test piece at the lower grip, and the test piece left to recover for 5 min at the specified temperature.The test pieces shall then be removed from the oven and allowed to cool slowly to ambient temperature, after which the distance between the marker lines shall be measured again to the nearest 0.5 mm and the percentage elongation calculated.2.1.1.4 Report The average of the two values shall be reported for both the elongation under load and the elongation after cooling.2.2 THERMAL AGEING 2.2.1 Ageing in an air oven 2.2.1.1 General An ageing treatment in an air oven may be required by the relevant cable Standard as follows:(a)For prepared test pieces, Clause 2.2.1.3 shall apply.(b)For pieces of completed cable, Clause 2.2.1.4 shall apply.s e d b y U N I V E R S I T Y O F S O U T H A U S T R A L I A o n 02 J u n 2008AS/NZS 1660.2.2:199862.2.1.2 Test equipmentAn oven with natural air flow or air flow by pressure shall be used. The air shall enter the oven in such a way that it flows over the surface of the test pieces and leaves near the top of the oven. The oven shall have not less than 8 and not more than 20 complete air changes per hour at the specified ageing temperature.Two methods of measuring the rate of air flow through an oven are given in Clause 2.2.2.2.2.1.3 Procedure for prepared test piecesThe ageing shall be carried out in an atmosphere having the composition and pressure of the ambient air.The test pieces, as specified in AS/NZS 1660.2.1, shall be suspended vertically and substantially in the middle of the oven so that each piece is at least 20 mm from any other piece.The test pieces shall be kept in the oven at the temperature and for the time specified for the material in the Standard for the type of cable.Materials of substantially different compositions shall not be tested in the same oven at the same time.As soon as the ageing period is completed, the test pieces shall be removed from the oven and left at ambient temperature, avoiding direct sunlight, for at least 16 h. The tensile test shall then be carried out in accordance with AS/NZS 1660.2.1.2.2.1.4 Procedure for pieces of complete cableThree pieces of complete cable about 200 mm long shall be taken, preferably from a position close to those where the samples for the tensile test without ageing (see AS/NZS 1660.2.1) are taken.The pieces of cable shall be suspended substantially in the middle of the oven at least 20 mm away from each other and shall occupy not more than 2 percent of the volume of the oven.The pieces of cable shall be kept in the oven at the temperature and for the time specified in the relevant cable Standard.As soon as the specified heating period is completed, the pieces of cable shall be removed from the oven and left at ambient temperature, avoiding direct sunlight, for at least 16 h.The three pieces of cable shall then be dismantled. Two test pieces shall be prepared from the insulation of each core (up to a maximum of three cores) and from the sheath of each piece of cable, as specified in AS/NZS 1660.2.1, so that there are six test pieces from each core and from the sheath.If the test pieces need to be cut or ground to reduce their thickness to not more than 2 mm,this operation shall be effected, so far as possible, on the side which was not facing a material of different type in the complete cable. If ridges must be cut or ground on the side which was facing the different type of material, the material removed on that side shall be minimum compatible with adequate smoothing.After measurement of their cross-sectional areas and after conditioning has been carried out, the test pieces shall be subjected to the tensile test, all in accordance with AS/NZS 1660.2.1.2.2.1.5 CompatibilityThree pieces of complete cable about 200 mm long shall be taken, preferably from a position close to where the samples without ageing (see AS 1660.2.1) were taken.s e d b y U N I V E R S I T Y O F S O U T H A U S T R A L I A o n 02 J u n 2008AS/NZS 1660.2.2:19987The pieces of cable shall be suspended substantially in the middle of an oven, complying with Clause 2.2.1.2, at least 20 mm away from each other, and shall not occupy more than 2 percent of the volume of the oven.The pieces shall be kept in the oven at the temperature and for the time specified in the relevant cable Standard.As soon as the specified heating period is completed, the pieces of cable shall be removed from the oven and left at ambient temperature, avoiding direct sunlight for at least 16 hours.The three pieces of cable shall then be dismantled. Where dissimilar materials are in direct contact with each other, then test pieces for the tensile test, in accordance with AS 1660.2.1, shall be prepared from each material in each cable sample. Fillers, barrier tapes and binders shall not be tested, only the material with which they come in contact.If the pieces need to be cut or ground to reduce their thickness to not more than 2 mm, this operation shall be effected, so far as possible, on the side which was not in contact with a dissimilar material. If ridges must be cut or ground on the side in contact with a dissimilar material, the material removed on that side shall be minimum compatible with adequate smoothing.After conditioning, and measurement of their cross-sectional areas, the test pieces shall be subjected to the tensile test, all in accordance with AS 1660.2.1.2.2.2 Methods of measuring air flow in ovens2.2.2.1 Method 1—Indirect or power consumption methodThe method shall be as follows:(a)The additional power required to maintain the oven at a given temperature with itsports open, over that required to maintain the oven at the same temperature with its ports closed, shall be used as a measure of the quantity of air passing through the oven when the ports are open. The average power (P 1 watts) required to maintain the oven temperature at the specified ageing temperature when the ports are open shall be determined over a period of 30 min or longer. The ventilation ports (and, if necessary,the thermometer aperture) shall then be closed and the average power (P 2 watts) to maintain the same temperature over a similar period shall be determined. The difference between the oven temperature and the room temperature shall be the same for the two tests to within 0.2°C. The room temperature shall be measured at a point about 2 m from the oven, approximately level with its base, and at least 0.6 m from any solid objects.(b)The amount of air passing through the oven when the ports are open shall becalculated from the following equations:(a))(12p 21t t C P P m −−=(b)dmV 6003=where:m =mass of air, in grams per second P 1−P 2=difference in power consumption, as defined in Item (a)C p =specific heat of air at constant pressure (1.003 J/g)t 2=oven temperature, in degrees Celsius t 1=room temperature, in degrees Celsius V =volume of air, in litres per hour d =density of air in the laboratory at the time of test, in grams per litre.s e d b y U N I V E R S I T Y O F S O U T H A U S T R A L I A o n 02 J u n 2008AS/NZS 1660.2.2:19988Hence: V =()()12003.1216003t t d P P −−or V =()()12215903t t d P P −−This method assumes that, when the ports are closed, no air passes through the oven.Therefore, there shall be no leakages. The air-tight door joints should be sealed with adhesive tape and all apertures, including the inlet port, should be effectively closed.(c)If the power consumption is measured with a wattmeter, the total length of time, inseconds, for which the oven heaters are 'on' shall be measured with a stop-watch and the reading of the wattmeter shall be taken once during each 'on' period.The average of the wattage readings multiplied by the total time registered by the stop-watch and divided by the duration of the test, in seconds, shall be taken as the power, in watts, required to maintain a constant temperature.(d)If a watt-hour or kilowatt-hour meter is used, the reading of the total energyconsumption registered by the meter shall be divided by the duration of the test,measured as a fraction of an hour. If a household kilowatt-hour meter is used, the dial units are too large to enable a sufficient accuracy to be obtained over a reasonably short test, and the rotating disc with which these meters are provided shall be used therefore as the power consumption indicator. The meter shall be put into operation until the index mark on the disc is opposite the centre of the window; it shall then be disconnected until the start of the test.To reduce the possible error, the period of test shall be long enough to permit 100revolutions of the disc and the test shall preferably be ended when the mark on the disc is visible. However, if the mark is out of sight at the end of the test, an estimated fraction of a revolution shall be added. The test shall be started and stopped at corresponding points on the 'on-off' heating cycle (e.g. at the moment when heaters are switched on by the thermostat).2.2.2.2 Method 2—Direct and continuous methodThe equipment for Method 2 shall comprise the following items:(a)Air pressure regulator —a device to reduce the air pressure from that of the supplymains to the low-pressure needed for feeding the oven. It is equipped with an adjustable valve which permits a constant pressure downstream.(b)Flowmeter —an instrument with which the rate of air flow can be measured. It is illustrated in Figure 2.1, and operates on a manometric principle, with—(a)capillary tube, of precision bore of about 2 mm, and a length of about 70 mm;Figure 2.2 shows a typical calibration diagram for airflows up to 500 L/h or600 L/h; and(b)manometric tube with a double graduation of pressure difference rangingbetween 0 mm and ±300 mm of water; distilled water is the manometric liquid.(c)Air oven —an ordinary air oven to be operated when carefully sealed, including sealing round the inlet tube, which should preferably enter the oven through the bottom. The outflow hole, which should be at the top of the oven, is the only port to be open.NOTE: The following two features facilitate the reliability of the method and the equipment:(a)The flowmeter described above can be considered as fully reliable, easy to manufacture and to calibrate, as well as suitable for the range of air rates involved.(b)As shown by tests, the adoption of a slightly 'forced' ventilation does not alter, in practice, the uniformity of the temperature at the various points in the ovens.s e d b y U N I V E R S I T Y O F S O U T H A U S T R A L I A o n 02 J u n 2008AS/NZS 1660.2.2:199892.3 MINERAL OIL IMMERSION TEST 2.3.1 Sampling and preparation of the test pieces Five test pieces shall be prepared in accordance with the procedure described in AS/NZS 1660.2.1.2.3.2 Determination of the cross-sectional areas of the test piece The test method in AS/NZS 1660.2.1 shall apply.2.3.3 Oil to be usedUnless otherwise specified in the relevant cable Standard, the mineral oil shall be IRM 902,as specified in ASTM D471.2.3.4 ProcedureThe test pieces shall be immersed in the oil previously heated at the specified test temperature and shall be maintained in the oil at that temperature for the specified time (see relevant cable Standard).At the end of the specified duration, the test pieces shall be removed from the oil, blotted lightly to remove excess oil and suspended in air at ambient temperature for at least 16 h but not more than 24 h, unless otherwise specified in the relevant cable Standard. At the end of this period any further excess oil shall be removed by lightly blotting the test pieces.2.3.5 Determination of the mechanical characteristicsThe test method in AS/NZS 1660.2.1 shall apply.2.3.6 Expression of results and requirementsThe calculation for tensile strength shall be based on the area of the test piece measured before immersion (see AS/NZS 1660.2.1).The median value obtained on the five test pieces immersed in oil shall be expressed as a percentage of the median value of the five values obtained on the untreated test pieces.s e d b y U N I V E R S I T Y O F S O U T H A U S T R A L I A o n 02 J u n 2008AS/NZS 1660.2.2:199810s e d b y U N I V E R S I T Y O F S O U T H A U S T R A L I A o n 02 J u n 2008AS/NZS 1660.2.2:199811FIGURE 2.2 CALIBRATION DIAGRAM OF THE CAPILLARY TUBE (d = 2.0 mm,l = 70 mm) OF THE FLOWMETER FOR AIR-FLOW CONTROL IN AIR OVENSs e d b y U N I V E R S I T Y O F S O U T H A U S T R A L I A o n 02 J u n 2008AS/NZS 1660.2.2:199812APPENDIX ALIST OF METHODS OF TEST IN THE AS/NZS 1660 SERIES(Informative)The Standards in the AS/NZS 1660 series are as follows:Number Title AS/NZS 1660Test methods for electric cables, cords and conductors AS/NZS 1660.1Method 1: Conductors and metallic components AS/NZS 1660.2.1Method 2.1: Insulation, extruded semi-conductive screens and non-metallic sheaths—Methods for general application AS/NZS 1660.2.2Method 2.2: Insulation, extruded semi-conductive screens andnon-metallic sheaths—M ethods specific to elastomeric, XLPEand XLPVC materialsAS/NZS 1660.2.3Method 2.3: Insulation, extruded semi-conductive screens andnon-metallic sheaths—Methods specific to PVC and halogen freethermoplastic materialsAS/NZS 1660.2.4Method 2.4: Insulation, extruded semi-conductive screens andnon-metallic sheaths—M ethods specific to polyethylene andpolypropylene materialsAS/NZS 1660.2.5Method 2.5: Insulation, extruded semi-conductive screens andnon-metallic sheaths—Methods specific to cables above 1 kVAS/NZS 1660.3Method 3: Electrical testsAS/NZS 1660.4Method 4: Complete cable and flexible cordAS/NZS 1660.5.1Method 5.1: Fire tests—Tests on bunched cablesAS/NZS 1660.5.2Method 5.2: Fire tests—Smoke densityAS/NZS 1660.5.3Method 5.3: Fire tests—Determination of the amount of halogenacid gas evolved during the combustion of polymeric materialstaken from cablesAS/NZS 1660.5.4M ethod 5.4: Fire tests—Determination of degree of acidity ofgases evolved during the combustion of materials taken fromelectric cables by measuring pH and conductivityAS/NZS 1660.5.5Method 5.5: Fire tests—Circuit integrity under fire conditionsAS/NZS 1660.5.6Method 5.6: Fire tests—Test for combustion propagation s e d b y U N I V E R S I T Y O F S O U T H A U S T R A L I A o n 02 J u n 2008Standards AustraliaStandards Australia is an independent company, limited by guarantee, which prepares and publishes most of the voluntary technical and commercial standards used in Australia. These standards aredeveloped through an open process of consultation and consensus, in which all interested parties are invited to participate. Through a Memorandum of Understanding with the Commonwealthgovernment, Standards Australia is recognized as Australia’s peak national standards body.Standards New ZealandThe first national Standards organization was created in New Zealand in 1932. The Standards Council of New Zealand is the national authority responsible for the production of Standards.Standards New Zealand is the trading arm of the Standards Council established under the Standards Act 1988.Australian/New Zealand StandardsUnder an Active Co-operation Agreement between Standards Australia and Standards New Zealand,Australian/New Zealand Standards are prepared by committees of experts from industry,governments, consumers and other sectors. The requirements or recommendations contained in published Standards are a consensus of the views of representative interests and also take account of comments received from other sources. They reflect the latest scientific and industry experience. Australian/New Zealand Standards are kept under continuous review after publicationand are updated regularly to take account of changing technology.International Involvement Standards Australia and Standards New Zealand are responsible for ensuring that the Australian and New Zealand viewpoints are considered in the formulation of international Standards and that the latest international experience is incorporated in national and Joint Standards. This role is vital in assisting local industry to compete in international markets. Both organizations are the national members of ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical Commission).Visit our Web sites .au s e d b y U N I V E R S I T Y O F S O U T H A U S T R A L I A o n 02 J u n 2008GPO Box 5420 Sydney NSW 2001AdministrationPhone (02) 8206 6000Fax (02) 8206 6001Email mail@.auCustomer ServicePhone 1300 65 46 46Fax 1300 65 49 49Email sales@.auInternet .auLevel 10 Radio New Zealand House 155 The Terrace Wellington 6001(Private Bag 2439 Wellington 6020)Phone (04) 498 5990Fax (04) 498 5994Customer Services (04) 498 5991Information Service (04) 498 5992Email snz@ Internet s e d b y U N I V E R S I T Y O F S O U T H A U S T R A L I A o n 02 J u n 2008This page has been left intentionally blank.s e d b y U N I V E R S I T Y O F S O U T H A U S T R A L I A o n 02 J u n 2008。

从儿童玩具标准论玩具安全的重要性摘要：玩具是儿童最亲密的伙伴，对于儿童的智力发展和身心健康都具有极其重要的意义，是儿童成长过程中不可缺少的陪伴品。

然而，一些存在着安全隐患的危险玩具，则会成为儿童发生意外伤害、威胁儿童安全的“健康杀手”。

为保护儿童的身心健康，各个国家或地区相继修订出台了管制玩具的法规、指令和标准，以高标准、严要求规范儿童玩具的设计、生产、销售。

关键词：儿童玩具；玩具安全标准；玩具安全的重要性On the importance of toy safety from children's toy standardYan-fen Huang, Xiaoying He,Abstract: Toys are the most intimate partner of children. They are of great significance to children's intellectual development and physical and mental health. They are indispensable companions in the process of children's growth. However, some dangerous toys with potential safety hazards will become the "health killers" of children with accidental injuries and threats to children's safety. In order to protect children's physical and mental health, various countries or regions have revised and issued regulations, directives and standards to regulate the design, production and sales of children's toys with high standards and strict requirements..Keywords: Children's toys; Toy safety standard; The importance of toy safety一、儿童玩具的定义和类别儿童玩具是指设计或预定供14岁以下儿童玩耍，经过加工制作并用于销售的产品。

1.4 钢管喷标除业主另有要求，不然喷标应该按以下要求，离管端至少0.3m处，每根钢管上要用防水喷标方式喷涂以下：a) 涂层日期（年，月，日）b）涂层供应商的名字的商标c）正常的涂层厚度，umd）钢管的生产规范和钢级e）管长，口径和壁厚f）钢管数量2 材料要求2.1 熔解环氧粉末以下是对熔解环氧粉末的成分和性能要求A）环氧粉末在搅拌机中应是有色的加热固化的材料B）在涂料最终融化混合成最终涂覆用状态前，在挤压过程中，涂料的成分必须是能融化并融合。

C）涂料必须是能流动的并能液化的，并能通过常规的电喷枪进行喷涂的。

D）在对预热过的钢管进行喷涂时，涂料必须是能融化并在钢管表面形成一致状态的涂层，此涂层要能在钢管残留的热度下迅速固化。

2.2 磨料用来打磨的材料必须是符合AS1627.4的要求。

材料中不得混有杂物，并且氯化物的含量必须小于100 mg/kg, 铜含量小于 0.3%.根据AS1627.4要求，打磨材料必须是钢丸或钢沙或者同时使用两种。

打磨材料的尺寸必须能使得打磨后的钢管表面达到此标准的3.1.1.的要求。

在现在补口用的打磨材料必须不得含有硅石和磁性，或其含磁量是符合AS1627.4的规范要求。

打磨材料的尺寸必须能使得打磨后的钢管表面达到此标准的3.2.5.的要求。

2.3 修复材料所有修复用材料必须符合此规范的要求。

修复材料必须是2包装（2组份的）环氧树脂，或是其它能与原涂层相兼容的涂料。

第三节涂敷3.1 工厂涂敷3.1.1 以下是表面处理要求a) 在抛丸处理前，所有表面的油迹，灰尘，污渍和其它污染物必须彻底清除。

在清理之后，钢管必须被保护并免于被再次污染。

b) 根据AS1627.4要求，在涂覆前，钢管的内表面需要通过抛丸清理。

c) 在钢管加热前后，任何用于清理污渍的溶剂或清洁剂不得在钢管表面有任何的遗留，以避免对涂层和钢管的性能造成影响。

d) 任何在表面处理前用于清理钢管的水必须是达到饮用水的级别，并不得含有超过500mg/L的溶解固体。

ASNZS 4777.2-2020标准是关于分布式电源系统的新一代标准。

随着可再生能源技术的不断发展和应用，分布式电源系统已成为当今电力系统领域的热门话题。

这个标准的发布对于规范和推动分布式电源系统的发展具有重要意义。

我们需要了解ASNZS 4777.2-2020标准的背景和意义。

该标准是由澳大利亚和新西兰标准协会制定的，其目的是规定分布式电源系统的连接要求和操作限制，以确保分布式电源系统与电力网络安全可靠地连接和运行。

该标准的发布填补了以往在分布式电源系统方面的空白，对于推动可再生能源的应用和发展具有重要意义。

在深入探讨ASNZS 4777.2-2020标准的内容之前，我们先来了解一下分布式电源系统。

分布式电源系统是指基于可再生能源技术的电力发电系统，它与传统的集中式发电系统相比具有分散性、灵活性和可再生性的特点。

分布式电源系统不仅可以减少对传统化石能源的依赖，还可以减少对电力输电线路的需求，从而提高能源利用效率，减少环境污染，实现可持续发展。

ASNZS 4777.2-2020标准主要包括以下几个方面的内容：分布式电源系统的连接要求、电力网络的保护和控制、电力系统的质量和稳定性、分布式电源系统的应急停机和恢复等。

该标准从技术和管理层面对分布式电源系统进行了全面规范，确保了分布式电源系统与电力网络的安全连接和协同运行。

该标准还考虑了各种不同规模和类型的分布式电源系统的特性和需求，为分布式电源系统的发展和应用提供了必要的指导和保障。

值得一提的是，ASNZS 4777.2-2020标准还对分布式电源系统的监测、数据采集和故障诊断等方面提出了具体要求，以便电力系统运营商和管理者能够及时发现并解决分布式电源系统可能存在的问题，保障电力系统的安全稳定运行。

这种细致入微的要求充分体现了该标准对于电力系统安全和可靠性的重视，也为分布式电源系统的广泛应用提供了有力支持。

在个人看来，ASNZS 4777.2-2020标准的发布对推动分布式电源系统的发展和应用具有重要意义。

3C目录中PVC电线电缆进行ASNZS标准检测分析3c产品目录中pvc电线电缆进行as/nzs标准检测分析摘要：作为想出口产品到澳大利亚等澳洲国家的电线电缆生产企业，都希望生产出的产品既能符合国家标准的要求，同时也能符合as/nzs标准的要求。

目前针对3c产品目录中pvc电线电缆的检测，由于国家标准和as/nzs标准存在较大差异，存在符合国家标准的电线电缆产品不能满足as/nzs标准检测的情况。

本文分析pvc电线电缆产品进行as/nzs标准检测时由于标准差异可能引起的问题以及as/nzs标准中对不同种类pvc材料的标准要求进行介绍。

关键词：3c；pvc电线电缆产品；as/nzs标准；检测；分析0引言众所周知，电线电缆就是我国最早列为3c产品目录范围内的产品之一。

随着多年来国内电线电缆生产企业的不断明朗和不断激增，国内电线电缆市场竞争日益惨烈，许多企业都在寻求产品出口的机会，而随着这两年欧洲市场和美国市场存有一定的下降，澳洲市场逐渐沦为国内企业的另一战场，从近两年来多家企业的查问来看，也证实了很多国内企业存有挺进澳洲市场的见解。

电线电缆必须步入澳洲市场销售，须要以获取澳洲认证标志，而产品必须通过澳洲证书，首先必须能够通过按适用于的as/nzs标准展开证书检测。

对于想出口产品到澳大利亚等澳洲国家的电线电缆生产企业，都希望生产出的产品既能符合国家标准的要求，同时也能符合as/nzs标准的要求。

目前针对3c产品目录中pvc电线电缆的检测，由于国家标准和as/nzs标准存在较大差异，as/nzs标准中pvc材料的分类也与国家标准不一致，存在符合国家标准的电线电缆产品不能满足as/nzs标准检测的情况。

本文分析pvc电线电缆3c产品进行as/nzs标准检测时由于标准差异可能引起的问题以及as/nzs标准中对不同种类pvc材料的标准要求进行介绍。

1常用pvc电线电缆标准概述目前pvc电线电缆产品列入3c认证目录的标准有：gb/t5023-2021和jb/t8734-1998《额定电压450/750v及以下聚氯乙烯绝缘电缆》，而涉及pvc电线电缆的as/nzs标准主要有：（1）as/nzs5000.1：2021《工作电压0.6/1kv及以下聚合物绝缘电缆》；（2）as/nzs5000.2：2021《工作电压450/750v及以下聚合物绝缘电缆》；（3）as/nzs3191：2021《软电缆》；（4）as/nzs60227.5：2021《额定电压450/750v及以下聚氯乙烯绝缘电缆第5部分：软电缆（软线）》；（5）as/nzs3808：2000《电缆用绝缘和护套材料》；（6）as/nzs1125：2001《绝缘电缆和软电缆用导体》。

澳大利亚和新西兰玩具安全标准更新AS/NZS ISO 8124.1:2019新版已于2019年5月30日出版以取代AS/NZS ISO 8124.1:2016。

该标准等同复制ISO 8124-1:2018标准。

相对于之前的版本AS/NZS ISO8124.1:2016，主要技术变更如下：1）指定参考ISO 11202已在第2条中更正。

2）修改、新增或删除了第3条中的许多定义。

3）新增了纸板豁免合理预见的滥用测试，在豁免项目列表中新增了纤维填充材料，4.4.1条款中豁免项由弹性部件缩小为弹性织物（针对36个月以下的儿童）。

4）明确了对36个月及以上，72个月以下儿童玩具的小部件警告语要求。

5）替换和修改4.11绳子的整个条款。

6）修正了第4.16.1条款：通风口中的图21。

7）修正第4.18.4.3条款中弓箭接触面单位面积的动能要求。

8）修改了近耳玩具的C加权要求，并澄清了4.29条款“声学要求”。

9）新增了4.22子条款“YO-YO”球和第5.38条款中的测量方法。

10）新增4.33子条款“旨在完全或部分佩戴在颈部周围的带子”11）新增了子条款4.34“带拖拉绳的雪橇和长雪橇”。

12）新增了子条款4.35 “下颚可陷入的把手和方向盘”和条款5.39中的试验方法。

13）替换和修改了第5.11条款的“绳子测试”，并新增了子条款。

14）修改了第5.24.3条款中的“大型和笨重玩具”的倾翻试验。

15）重新格式化第5.25条款声压级测试方法，以改善与EN71–1的一致性。

16）替换图54“弹射物顶部测量用的圆柱规”并更改公差（ISO 8124-1-2014中的图44）17）附录B、E&G中有大量更新Safety of Toy AS/NZS ISO8124.1:2019Was PublishedOn May 30, 2019, AS/NZS ISO 8124.1:2019 was published to replace the previous version-AS/NZS ISO 8124.1:2016. AS/NZS ISO 8124.1:2019 has been reproduced from and is now identical with ISO 8124-1:2018. Please note below significant technical changes in AS/NZS ISO 8124.1:2019 when compared to that in the AS/NZS ISO8124.1:2016 version:1)Nominated reference ISO 11202 is corrected in Clause 2.2)Numerous definitions in Clause 3 are modified, added or deleted.3)Exemption of paperboard from reasonably foreseeable abuse testing is added; fibrous filing material is listed as an exempt item; specifies the elastic fabrics as the exemption for elastic in Clause 4.4.1 Small part (For children under 36 months). 4)Clarifies warning requirements for toys for children 36 months and over but under 72 months in Clause 4.4.2 Small part.5) Replaces and modifies the whole section of 4.11 Cords.6) Corrects the figure 21- ventilation in Clause 4.16.1.7) Modifies the requirement of KE density per area of contact for arrows in Clause 4.18.4.3 Projectile toys with stored energy.8) Modifies the C-weighted requirement for close-to-the-ear-toys and clarifies the acoustic requirement of Clause 4.29.9) Adds new sub-clauses for "yo-yo" ball in Clause 4.32 and the measurement method in Clause 5.38.10) Adds a new sub-clause “Straps intended to be worn fully or partially around the neck” in Clause 4.33.11) Adds a new sub-clause “Sledges and toboggans with cords for pulling” in Clause 4.34.12) Adds a new sub-clause “Jaw entrapment in handles and steering wheels” in Clause 4.35 and a test method in Clause 5.39.13) Subsections under Clause 5.11 Test for cords are replaced and modified, and new sub-clauses are added.14) Modifies the tip-over test for large and bulky toys in Clause 5.24.3.15) Reformats the test method of the sound pressure level in Section 5.25 to align with EN 71–1.16) Replaces Figure 54 "Cylindrical gauge for measurement of projectile tops" and changes the tolerances ((Figure 44 in ISO 8124-1:2014).17) Numerous updates in Annex B, E & G.。