有关雅思考试中常见的逻辑关系词
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一、并列和递进并列:and, as well as, or, nor, also, too, either...or, neither...nor递进:moreover, furthermore, in addition to, additionally, not only…but also顺序:one, another / first, second.../ first, then...1. 并列无重点,并列的双方地位平等2. 并列前后结构对称,感情色彩一致,通常含义相似二、对比和转折但是,然而:however, but, nevertheless, yet, while(句中), nonetheless虽然:while(句首), whereas, although, instead, despite, in spite of对比:on the contrary, instead/instead of, on the other hand, in contrastwith, by contrast, conversely1. 转折前后含义相反,前面肯定后面则否定,前面否定后面则肯定2. 转折关系有时候也可以推出否定关系3. 转折以后是作者要表达的重点,多数答案在转折以后出现三、原因-结果因为、由于:because, as, since, as a result of, due to, given, result from, originate from, stem from, spring from, derive from, owing to, given that所以,因此:so, therefore, thus, hence, as a result, consequently, as aconsequence导致:cause, lead to, result in,contribute to, induce to, cause, so...that,give rise to, be responsible for影响:effect, impact, influence, affect原因、因素:reason, factorB 为原因:link A to B 和associate A with B生产类词表示微弱因果关系:produce, make, generate, breed与趋势词相似的:develop, promote, improve, boost; accelerate; facilitate;encourage其他:cue, trigger, ignite目的:不定式to/in order to, aim to, focus on, so that四、否定N 系列:no, not, never, none, neither, nor, nothing, nobody 几乎不:little, few, hardly, scarely, seldom与out 有关的:without / out of / out of thequestion=impossible词缀:im-, in-, un-, dis-, -less, anti-, il-, ir-动词:deny, lack, ignore, refute, resist, reject, refuse, miss, avoid, prevent,eliminate, get around, refrain from, fail其他:too...太(表示不合适), rather than五、比较比较级as...as...not as(so) asthe same asbe similar toequal toequally+adj....than...time/fold 倍数像,相似:similar, like, resemble, compare A to B, liken A to b最高级:extreme, limit, maximum, minimum上下趋势的词:上升:grow, rise, increase, climb, build up, ascend, lift, enlarge下降:decline, decrease, drop, descend, fall发展变化的词:变好:develop, promote, advance, progress, improve, boost; accelerate; facilitate; encourage, evolve中性的变化:change, shift, modify变差,变少:diminish, deteriorate, erode, worsen, exacerbate, cut down, lessen。
雅思逻辑词
表达顺序和连接观点:
1. 首先/第一:用于引出第一个观点或事件,开篇时用来列举第一个要点。
2. 其次/第二:用于列举接下来的观点或事件,建立句子间的逻辑连接。
3. 最后/最后一个:引出最后一个观点或事件,结束段落或论述。
表达因果关系:
1. 因此/因而/所以:表示结果或推论,用于引出由前文引起的后果。
2. 因为/由于:用于引出原因或解释,解释为什么会出现某种情况或现象。
3. 所以/因此/因而:用于表示前后之间的逻辑关系,连接观点和结论。
表达对比与转折:
1. 然而/但是/但/不过:表示转折或对比关系,引出与前文相反或不同的观点。
2. 相反/相反地:用于表示与之前内容相对立的观点或事实,进行对比或强调反面观点。
表达总结和归纳:
1. 总的来说/总之:用于对前文做一个总体的概括,总结前文提到的重点。
2. 综上所述/总结起来:用于总结前文内容或观点,做出结论性的陈述。
表达补充和举例:
1. 此外/另外/而且:用于补充额外的信息或观点,引入新的观点或补充说明。
2. 例如/比如/如:用于举例说明,支撑论点或说明观点。
这些逻辑词汇能够使文章或口语表达更加流畅、逻辑更加清晰,有助于提升写作和口语表达的水平。
在使用时,要根据上下文和语境恰当运用,避免过度使用或使用错误。
•因果关系是雅思阅读关注的核心逻辑!•(1) 名词•原因: reason, argument, aspect, cause, factor, determinant•perspective, rationale•结果: result, consequence outcome upshot•(2) 副词•accordingly, consequently, correspondingly,•hence, so, thereby, therefore, thus, as a result,•(3) 短语•because of, due to, owing to, thanks to, as a result of•(4) 动词(短语):• A (原因)•account for/arise from/arouse/bring about/cause•contribute to/explain/give rise to/induce•lead to/result in/spark/spawn/trigger/underlie•B (结果)• B (结果) result from/stem from A (原因)••(5) 连词: because从句•as, for, since, so, why•转折关系是雅思阅读关注的整体逻辑!•(1) 副词•however, nevertheless, nonetheless, otherwise•admittedly, conversely, in contrast, on the contrary•(2) 连词•but, yet, while, whilst, whereas•although/though, even if/though, rather than•(3) 介词•despite, in spite of, notwithstanding, unlike••常用的表示并列、顺序、递进关系的词语有:on one hand/on another (hand), for one thing/for another (thing),•firstly, first of all, to begin/start/with,•afterwards, again, then, thereafter,•meanwhile, in the meantime/at the same time,•secondly, besides, in addition, furthermore, moreover, in the second place, what is more, in other words•thirdly, in the third place, to make things worse,•in the first/second/third place,•eventually, finally, at last/length, lastly, last but not least。
雅思听力:雅思听力中不可不知的逻辑关系正在准备雅思考试的你是不是也有同样的问题,听力s3&s4太难了!没错,因为听力的四个section的难度是逐级上升的,最后的两个部分也是同学们最头疼的,除了场景是难度比较大的学术类以外,句子也越来越复杂,对于分不清句中逻辑关系的同学绝对是死穴。
今天田影老师将重点讲逻辑关系当中的两种情况:并列关系和代词还原,帮同学们快速找到提分的方法。
常见的并列关系出现可能是一些并列连接词存有,或特殊符号的出现。
并列连接词例如:and, or, as well as, not only…but also… ,anything else ,both…and…, also 等。
剑五test2section4中38题,because of effects on sea levelsand ______ .原文内容:since these may have profound effects on sea levels and on ocean currents.题目中的空与sea levels 被并列连接词 and 连接,即为并列关系,所以判定空为名词短语,在录音中用sea levels定位找到并列关系的词就能够。
这是比较简单的并列关系题目,还有一类难度较大的,虽然题干当中是两个词的并列关系,实际录音中为两个句子的并列关系,下面我们看一个例子:The kites were decorated with grasses and ______.原文内容:For this the priests used long grasses, and these - when the kite was in the air - would stream along behind it. They also used a variety of feathers to add,colour to their creations.此题题干中要求找到和grasses 并列关系的词,但录音中紧跟grasses后的并不是我们要的答案,因为这是两个句子的并列关系,要找到答案首先要找到并列连接词,也就是also,在其后的句子主语feathers为答案。
雅思写作逻辑关系词用法总结写作是雅思考试的重要组成部分之一,掌握使用适当的逻辑关系词能够使文章结构更加清晰有序,逻辑关系更加紧密。
本文将总结一些常用的雅思写作逻辑关系词及其用法。
1. 表示因果关系的逻辑关系词因果关系是写作中常用的一种逻辑关系,以下是一些常用的表示因果关系的逻辑关系词。
首先,表示因果关系的逻辑关系词有"because","since","as","due to"等。
例如:"Because of the heavy rain, I couldn't go to the party."(因为下大雨,我无法去参加派对。
)此外,也可以使用"so","thus","therefore"等逻辑关系词表示结果。
例如:"He didn't study for the test, so he failed."(他没有为考试复习,所以他失败了。
)2. 表示递进关系的逻辑关系词递进关系是指一个观点或事实进一步加强了之前的观点或事实。
以下是一些常用的表示递进关系的逻辑关系词。
首先是"moreover","furthermore","in addition"等。
例如:"Moreover, the study also showed that regular exercise can improve mental health."(此外,这项研究还表明定期运动可以改善心理健康。
)另外,可以使用"not only... but also"这一结构来表达递进关系。
例如:"Not only does he speak English fluently, but he also speaks French."(他不仅英语讲得流利,还会说法语。
雅思写作逻辑链雅思写作的逻辑链是指在文章中,通过清晰有序的思路和逻辑结构来表达观点和论证。
以下是一个常见的雅思写作逻辑链的结构:1. 引言(Introduction):•引出主题:引起读者兴趣,提出写作的中心主题。
•明确立场:清晰陈述你对于这个主题的立场或观点。
2. 主体段落(Body Paragraphs):•主题句(Topic Sentence):•每个主体段落的第一句,明确该段落的中心思想。
•支持句(Supporting Sentences):•提供论据、事例、统计数据等来支持主题句。
•解释/分析(Explanation/Analysis):•解释支持句与主题句之间的关系,展开对观点的深入分析。
•过渡句(Transitional Sentences):•在段落之间建立联系,确保思路流畅。
3. 对立观点(Counter-argument):•提出可能存在的对立观点或反驳意见。
•针对对立观点进行反驳,强化自己的立场。
4. 结论(Conclusion):•总结主要观点:重述你在文章中提出的主要观点。
•提出建议或展望未来:对主题进行展望,或者提出解决问题的建议。
5. 注意事项:•一致性(Consistency):•确保整个文章中的观点和论据是一致的。
•连贯性(Coherence):•使用连接词和过渡词确保段落与段落之间、句子与句子之间的关系紧密。
•清晰性(Clarity):•表达清晰,语言简练,避免歧义。
例子:引言: In recent years, the issue of climate change has become a topic of global concern. While some argue that human activities are the primary cause of the current environmental crisis, others believe that natural factors play a more significant role.主体段落1: The rise in global temperatures is largely attributed to human activities such as the burning of fossil fuels. According to a report by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), carbon emissions from human sources have increased by 50% in the past two decades. This evidence strongly supports the view that human actions are contributing significantly to climate change.主体段落2:However, it is essential to consider the role of natural factors in climate fluctuations. Historical data reveals that the Earth has undergone periods of warming and cooling long before the industrial revolution. Natural events such as volcanic eruptions and solar activity have also played a crucial role in shaping the Earth's climate over millions of years.对立观点: Some critics argue that the current emphasis on reducing carbon emissions is misplaced, as they believe that natural climate cycles are the primary drivers of global warming. While it is true that natural factors contribute, overwhelming scientific consensus supports the idea that human activities have accelerated and intensified these natural processes.结论: In conclusion, while natural factors undoubtedly influence the Earth's climate, the overwhelming evidence supports the notion that human activities are the primary driver of current climate change. It is imperative that we take immediate and decisive action to mitigate the impact of human-induced environmental damage and work towards a sustainable future.。
雅思写作中逻辑连接词汇都有哪些?雅思写作素材之逻辑连接词汇总为大家汇总在写作中一类非常重要的词汇。
它们的出现使句子内部,句子之间,段与段之间能够有机相连。
行文的思路更加一目了然。
这些词就是逻辑连接词。
今天我们就一起来看一看。
段落间/句子间的逻辑关系因果、递进、转折、对比、比较、解释这几种是最常见的。
一、And 并列关系(and)inaddition/and/similarly/likewise/aswellas/besides/furt hermore/also/moreover/too/not only ... but/even/besides this/that二、Sequence 顺序 (then)出现的时候表示列举first/initially/secondetc./tobeginwith/then/next/earlier/later /following this/that/afterwards三、Consequence 结果 (so)前面是后面的结果/也就是这些词后面就开始给出结论了as a result/thus/so/therefore/consequently/it follows that/thereby/eventually/in that case/admittedly四、Contrast 转折 (but )表对前面论述的转折/一般后面才是观点however/on the other hand/despite/in spite of/though/although/but/on the contrary/otherwise/yet/instead of/rather/whereas/nonetheless/in contrast五、Condition 条件/ 因为 (if)后面跟随着某种情况发生的前提或者是条件。
if/unless/whether/provided that/Given that /for/so that/whether/depending on六、Summary 总结 (in a word)最后总结:in conclusion/in summary/lastly/finally/to sum up/to conclude/to recapitulate 重述/in short/in a word七、Example 举例 (for example)for example/for instance/just as/in particular/such as/namely 也就是八、Reason 原因 (because)since/as/so/because (of)/due to/owing to/the reason why/in other words/leads to/cause九、Certainty 确定 (of course)强烈的确定/后面是作者的坚定论点obviously/certainly/plainly/of course/undoubtedly十、Time 时间 (when)before/since/as/until/meanwhile/at the moment/when/whenever/as soon as/just as十一、句子内的逻辑表达但是,如果只认识上面这些逻辑标志词只能说是较好的逻辑呈现,句内的逻辑呈现通常会交给一些动词,关系比较隐晦,大家有时不太容易看出来,我们称之为隐含逻辑关系,这就说明这些逻辑关系的标志词是没有那么明显的,比如说我们看到make 这个单词,你会想到它表示哪种逻辑关系吗?下面我们一起来看看隐含逻辑关系的标志词都有哪些。
解析雅思阅读考题中的因果关系逻辑词雅思阅读中,常见的因果关系逻辑词包括:表示原因的例如because, since, as, for, as a result of, due to, owing to等等;表示结果的例如therefore, thus, so, as a result, consequently等等。
除此之外,一些动词也有隐含的因果逻辑,比方有导致含义的动词比方:result in, give rise to, cause, lead to等;和一些有来自于含义的动词比方:result from, derive from等,而这些因果逻辑常常作为考点出现在雅思阅读的填空题和判断题中。
1.填空题中的因果关系逻辑词:以剑7 Test1 Passage1的11题sentencecompletion为例:Radar is an inaccurate term when referring to bats because _____ are not used in their navigation system.首先,我们需要找到题目中的定位词。
这个题干中如果用radar, term 或者navigationsystem 作为定位词去寻找相关信息,可能会比拟困难,因为radar, navigationsystem就是原文中的主题词,而term作为一个抽象词很容易在文中被替换掉。
但是在这个题目中,我们可以看到because是一个非常明显的因果关系逻辑词,那这就意味着在原文当中,也会有这样的因果关系论述。
那么进一步,我们需要搞清楚本句中分别的因和果各自是什么:因为____没被使用,所以雷达是一个不准确的定义。
接下来,根据这个because和前一题的定位点的顺序原那么,我们不难在全文的E段第四行找到题干相关信息:Itistechnicallyincorrecttotalkaboutbat “radar〞, since they do not use radio waves. 本句中since和题干中的because对应,所以我们重点要去理解的就是since引导的原因状语从句里的信息。
雅思写作常用三类关联词汇总并列(and)关系类A 排序/列举(sequencing/listing)First of all /in the first place /to begin with after this/that Following this/that /afterwards /the first (reason) isFirst(ly)… /after that /finallyB 递进(reinforcing)Also /besides / furthermoreIn addition /more over /what’s moreC 等同(equating)In the same way /likewise… /similarly……..Accordingly… /equally important… /not only… but(also)D 总结(summarising)In conclusion ,in summary,In short lastlyTo conclude ,to sum up ,finallyE 举例(referring)For example for instance in particularParticularly such as that is to sayNamely … a (good) case in point… to illustrateF 结果(showing results)As a result consequently hence soTherefore thereby thus for this reasonLeads to cause选择(or)类A 推断(inferring)In other words in that case then(or) else otherwiseB 替换(giving alternatives)Alternatively,on the other hand,then ,againC 重复(restating)In other words ,that is to say,to put it simply 转折(but)类A 比较/对比(contrasting)Conversely ,in comparison ,in contrast to this Instead,nevertheless ,on the contraryOn the other hand … whereas… … while/whilst B 让步(conceding)After all ,all the same ,even ifAlthough/though/even though,however,stillIn spite of / despite this/ that nevertheless nonethelessyet像国外考生一样思考:雅思写作"SEE"原则(可以用的阅读中)在雅思写作中,建议考生应转换思维方式,按照国外考生的思维方式来写文章,下文中我简称为"SEE"原则。
雅思听力常见逻辑关系听辨雅思听力考试中,约有六至七成的题目会在原文中设置答案干扰项,以增加听辨难度。
今天,为大家带来了雅思听力常见逻辑关系听辨。
下面就和大家分享,来欣赏一下吧。
雅思听力常见逻辑关系听辨对比关系对比关系主要体现在两个意群间的转折。
要点在于通过连接词,在前后两条信息中突出其中之一,而被突出的信息往往就是答案。
因此,考生应当熟悉这一类型的常见连接词,如能在听题过程中听到,便能马上确定答案句的位置,并准确圈定答案。
通常,听力中的对比关系连接词可分为三类,分别是表示“然而”、“但是”类的连接词;表示“而不是”类的连接词;表示“不像…, …才是…”类的连接词。
下面,我们将结合例题来具体分析各类对比关系连接词。
1“然而”、“但是”类的连接词通常“然而”、“但是”类的对比连词,比如,but, however等,在句中的出现说明对比连词之前的表述只是铺垫,连词之后的信息才是句子传递的主要信息,即“答案句”。
例题:Preferred location: in the 5. ________ (题目Cambridge 5, T4, P78)原文:Q5: Well, Im studying right in the center but Id really like to live in the northwest.解析:结合例题和原文,可得出本题问的是“更中意的住所”,But 构成了in the center 和in the northeast二者的比较关系,同时通过but 后的…really like… 突出了prefer的概念,所以in the center只充当铺垫信息,but后的northwest才是正确答案。
2“而不是”类的连接词“而不是”类连词的作用是通过否定连词后面内容,反衬其之前信息的重要性,所以主要信息(答案句)会位于连词之前。
常见的“而不是”类连词有:rather than, instead of等。
雅思考试中常见的逻辑关系词
1.表示并列关系:
likewise once again/once more in (much) the same way (manner) similarly/similar to vice versa also/as well as not only … but also … both … and …neither … nor … like/just
like as/just as equally namely or and
2.表示转折关系:
but/yet/whereas however otherwise in contrast
(to) conversely though/although nevertheless unlike in spite of despite on the contrary even if/even though
on the one hand …, on the other hand … instead (of) not as … as … rather than even so vary different from differ from
while
3.表示举例
for example/for instance/e.g. such as that is/namely/i.e.
in other words in general/in particular a case in point is especially specifically
4.表示因果关系
as a result as a
consequence consequently so/therefore/thus then f or this reason hence accordingly because/because of owing to thanks to on account of
since due to …, for as this is why 5.表示递进关系
and then as well
as again another also/too in addition
(to) additionally additional besides
(that) moreover furthermore not only … but
also …what’s more
6.表示让步关系
though/although while even though/even
if nevertheless in spite of/despite admittedly
7. 表示总结
in a word in brief in short above all all in
all on the whole in general to conclude/in conclusion to sum up/to summarize/in summary。